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[Title] Selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit growth and progression of premalignant lesions in a mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ.

INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive premalignant lesion and is considered a precursor to invasive carcinoma.

DCIS accounts for nearly 20% of newly diagnosed breast cancer, but the lack of experimentally amenable in vivo DCIS models hinders the development of treatment strategies.

This model consists of a set of serially transplanted lines of genetically engineered mouse mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN) outgrowth (MIN-O) tissue that have stable characteristics.

METHODS: The estrogen receptor (ER) status and ovarian-hormone-dependence of the mouse MIN outgrowth tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and ovarian ablation.

Likewise, tamoxifen and ospemifene treatments decreased the MIN growth and tumor incidence in comparison with the control (P < 0.01).

Between the two SERM treatment groups, there were no statistically significant differences in MIN-O size, tumor latency, or proliferation rate.

In contrast, the ospemifene treatment significantly increased ER levels while tamoxifen significantly decreased them.

CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen and ospemifene inhibit the growth of premalignant mammary lesions and the progression to invasive carcinoma in a transplantable mouse model of DCIS.

These data demonstrate the value of this model system for preclinical testing of antiestrogen or other therapies designed to prevent or delay the malignant transformation of premalignant mammary lesions in chemoprevention.

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(PMID = 16280035.001).

[ISSN] 1465-542X

[Journal-full-title] Breast cancer research : BCR

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast Cancer Res.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA89140-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA089140; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / U42 RR014905; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / U42RR14905; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA81376

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; 094ZI81Y45 / Tamoxifen; B0P231ILBK / Ospemifene

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1410776

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Barrett's esophagus is a well-known premalignant lesion of the lower esophagus that is characterized by intestinal metaplasia of the squamous epithelium.

In addition, when patients develop EA, the current staging modalities are limited in stratifying patients into different prognostic groups in order to guide the optimal therapy for an individual patient.

[MeSH-minor] Cell Cycle Proteins / analysis. Cell Proliferation. Disease Progression. Early Detection of Cancer. Epigenesis, Genetic. Genetic Markers. Humans. Loss of Heterozygosity. Ploidies. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis

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(PMID = 21128316.001).

[ISSN] 2219-2840

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U105365007

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Genetic Markers

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2997982

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Soluble EphA receptors delivered either by a transgene or an osmotic minipump inhibited the formation of angiogenic islet, a premalignant lesion, and reduced tumor volume of solid islet cell carcinoma.

EphA2-Fc or EphA3-Fc treatment resulted in decreased tumor volume but increased tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis in vivo.

These data provide functional evidence for EphA class receptor regulation of VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis, suggesting that the EphA signaling pathway may represent an attractive novel target for antiangiogenic therapy in cancer.

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(PMID = 14670182.001).

[ISSN] 1522-8002

[Journal-full-title] Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Neoplasia

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / T-32 CA09592; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / T32 HL007751; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA95004; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA095004; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / 2P30CA68485; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK47078; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / HD36400; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA068485; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / T32 CA009592; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / T32-HL-07751-06

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Angiogenesis Inhibitors; 0 / DNA, Complementary; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, EphA2; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptors, Eph Family

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1502614

   

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Barrett's oesophagus is defined as the replacement of squamous oesophageal epithelium by intestinal metaplasia in the distal oesophagus.

GORD is essential for the development of Barrett's oesophagus.1 Intestinal metaplasia is a premalignant lesion that may further develop into dysplasia and lead to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.

Patients with Barrett's oesophagus have a 2-25% risk of developing mild to severe dysplasia and a 2-5% risk of having adenocarcinoma: 30-150 times higher than the risk in the general population.

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy. Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Adenocarcinoma / surgery. Esophageal Neoplasms / drug therapy. Esophageal Neoplasms / pathology. Esophageal Neoplasms / surgery. Esophagoscopy / methods. Esophagus / pathology. Esophagus / surgery. Humans. Metaplasia / surgery. Mucous Membrane / pathology. Mucous Membrane / surgery. Photochemotherapy / methods. Postoperative Complications / etiology. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Precancerous Conditions / pathology. Precancerous Conditions / surgery

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(PMID = 15711006.001).

[ISSN] 0017-5749

[Journal-full-title] Gut

[ISO-abbreviation] Gut

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 50

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1867791

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) is considered a premalignant lesion of the oral mucosa, occurring as speckled or homogeneous white lesions.

If the lesions are untreated, a minor proportion may become dysplastic and progress to carcinoma.

The traditional treatment of this lesion is based on the use of antifungal agents.

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of 0.18% isotretinoin for treatment of nystatin-resistant candidiasis.

In all six patients, daily antimycotic topical therapy with nystatin for 30 days had failed to resolve the candidal stomatitis.

After one month of isotretinoin treatment, five of the six patients were negative for Candida, whereas in untreated control patients the situation was unchanged.

None of the patients had any complaints about the medication.

[MeSH-major] Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use. Candidiasis, Oral / drug therapy. Isotretinoin / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Topical. Chronic Disease. Drug Resistance, Fungal. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Nystatin / pharmacology. Pilot Projects

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(PMID = 19776507.001).

[ISSN] 1880-4926

[Journal-full-title] Journal of oral science

[ISO-abbreviation] J Oral Sci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antifungal Agents; 1400-61-9 / Nystatin; EH28UP18IF / Isotretinoin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Patients with disorders of sex development (DSD), especially those with gonadal dysgenesis and hypovirilization, are at risk of developing the so-called type II germ cell tumors (GCTs).

Both carcinoma in situ and gonadoblastoma (GB) can be the precursor lesion, resulting in a seminomatous or non-seminomatous invasive cancer.

The premalignant lesion of the initially removed gonad was positive for OCT3/4, TSPY and stem cell factor in germ cells, and for FOXL2 in the stromal component (ie, granulosa cells), but not for SOX9.

On the basis of these findings, prophylactical gonadectomy of the other gonad was performed, also showing a GB lesion positive for both FOXL2 (ovary) and SOX9 (testis).

The identified W70L mutation in the SRY gene resulted in a 50% reduction in the nuclear accumulation of the mutant protein compared with wild type.

This case shows the value of the proper diagnosis of human GCTs in identification of patients with DSD, which allows subsequent early diagnosis and prevention of the development of an invasive cancer, likely to be treated by chemotherapy at young age.

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(PMID = 19513096.001).

[ISSN] 1476-5438

[Journal-full-title] European journal of human genetics : EJHG

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Hum. Genet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / SRY protein, human; 0 / Sex-Determining Region Y Protein

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2987026

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for the development of cervical cancer and its premalignant lesions in women.

The virus-encoded oncogene E6 is a promising target for an anti-HPV drug therapy.

The results obtained with both types of GST-detecting reagents correlated very well and demonstrated the great potential of the newly developed glutathione-coated Acceptor beads as a detection reagent for GST fusion proteins.

[MeSH-minor] Amino Acid Sequence. Binding, Competitive. Drug Evaluation, Preclinical. Humans. Molecular Sequence Data. Pilot Projects. Protein Binding. Protein Interaction Mapping

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(PMID = 17478484.001).

[ISSN] 1087-0571

[Journal-full-title] Journal of biomolecular screening

[ISO-abbreviation] J Biomol Screen

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Viral; 0 / Repressor Proteins; 0 / UBE3A protein, human; EC 2.5.1.18 / Glutathione Transferase; EC 6.3.2.19 / Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer and pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignant tumor associated with pregnancy.

The initial stages and premalignant lesions apparently present the same prognosis in pregnant and nonpregnant women; however, there are limited data regarding outcome for locally advanced cervical cancer in pregnancy.

CASE: A 26-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 14 weeks and 4 days' gestation, was diagnosed with a FIGO stage IIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, treated by primary chemotherapy with cisplatin and bleomycin, until pregnancy resolution at 38 weeks.

CONCLUSION: The present case demonstrates that chemotherapy was harmless for the child up to the present time.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / drug therapy. Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / drug therapy

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[CommentIn] Gynecol Oncol. 2001 Aug;82(2):409-10 [11531309.001]

(PMID = 11161872.001).

[ISSN] 0090-8258

[Journal-full-title] Gynecologic oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Gynecol. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Methylated DNA sequences for early cancer detection, molecular classification and chemotherapy response prediction.

Molecular studies of many types of cancer have revealed that clinically evident tumours carry multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, including DNA sequence alterations, chromosome copy number changes and aberrant promoter hypermethylation.

In many cases these abnormalities can be found in premalignant lesions and even in histological normal adjacent cells.

Many tumour types are difficult to detect early and are frequently resistant to available chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Therefore, the early detection, chemoprevention and the design of new therapeutic strategies based on the increased understanding of cancer molecular changes are one of the great challenges nowadays.

Thus, hypermethylated DNA sequences from tumours are one of the most promising markers for early detection screenings as well as tumour classification and chemotherapy response in many types of cancer.

[MeSH-major] DNA Methylation. Neoplasms / diagnosis. Neoplasms / drug therapy

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(PMID = 17652056.001).

[ISSN] 1699-048X

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Transl Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 9007-49-2 / DNA

[Number-of-references] 54

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] ZD1839, a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alone and in combination with radiation and chemotherapy as a new therapeutic strategy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Preclinical studies have shown additive to synergistic effects when ZD1839 is combined with radiation or chemotherapy in colon, head and neck, and non-small cell lung cancers.

Future studies will certainly combine ZD1839 with chemotherapy or radiation.

ZD1839 also may be effective as a chemoprevention agent because premalignant lesions often overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / drug therapy. Head and Neck Neoplasms / drug therapy. Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy. Quinazolines / pharmacology. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / biosynthesis. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Oral. Animals. Cell Cycle / drug effects. Chemoprevention. Clinical Trials as Topic. Combined Modality Therapy. Disease Models, Animal. Humans. Signal Transduction / drug effects. Transplantation, Heterologous. Up-Regulation

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NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program .

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(PMID = 11894012.001).

[ISSN] 0093-7754

[Journal-full-title] Seminars in oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Semin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Quinazolines; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; S65743JHBS / gefitinib

[Number-of-references] 36

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Locally advanced breast carcinoma: evaluation of mammography in the prediction of residual disease after induction chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the mammographic features of locally advanced breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to evaluate morphological criteria that determine the value of mammography in therapy monitoring.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the pre- and post-therapeutic mammograms of 44 patients with stage III-breast carcinoma with regard to tumor characteristics and malignant calcifications and compared to histopathological results.

In 34 tumors more than 50% of the lesion was defined; these showed a high correlation between the mammographically determined tumor diameter and that determined on histopathological examination (r = 0.77).

CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of mammography in the evaluation of tumor response to induction chemotherapy depends primarily on the extent to which the tumor can be delineated from the adjacent breast tissue.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Breast Neoplasms / radiography. Mammography

[MeSH-minor] Calcinosis / etiology. Calcinosis / radiography. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Mastectomy. Neoplasm, Residual. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 10769724.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] GREECE

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The pre-operative stratification of patients with colorectal liver metastases: computed tomography arterial portography (CTAP) has no added value.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine if Computed Tomography Arterial Portography (CTAP) has additional value to Contrast Enhanced helical CT (CE-CT) in selecting patients for hepatic surgery or Isolated Hepatic Perfusion/systemic chemotherapy.

All CT's were performed in the normal pre-operative work-up of patients with liver metastases in our regular clinical setting and reviewed blinded by a radiologist.

For CE-CT and CTAP the number, size (largest diameter) and location of all suspected malignant liver lesions were recorded.

The favourable treatment option was determined based on the results of CE-CT and CTAP independently.

The therapeutic decision based on CE-CT and CTAP was compared with the definite treatment.

For all patients with recorded findings during surgery, consisting of intra-operative ultrasound, liver palpation and histology a standard of reference for lesion detection was available.

For these patients detection rates and the fraction of false positive lesions were calculated.

Fourteen patients were treated with chemotherapy, 4 with Isolated Hepatic Perfusion (IHP) and 10 with systemic therapy.

Based on the findings on CTAP, surgery should be the treatment of choice in 29 patients and 12 patients were classified non-surgical.

CONCLUSION: Despite a significantly higher detection rate for hepatic metastases, CTAP has no added value in the therapeutic stratification in candidates for resection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / radiography. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Portography. Tomography, Spiral Computed. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion. Contrast Media. False Positive Reactions. Female. Hepatectomy. Humans. Male. Middle Aged

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19556096.001).

[ISSN] 1532-2157

[Journal-full-title] European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Experts sought to define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and discussed clinical trials performed to date testing retinoids, difluoromethylornithine, celecoxib, and other oral agents in a tertiary prevention setting following transurethral resection with or without intravesical therapy.

Urologists practice tertiary prevention in the form of intravesical therapy, and strategies were discussed to identify biomarkers, including urinary cytokines and pathway single nucleotide polymorphism analysis associated with response to treatment.

Optimizing delivery of intravesical chemotherapy to the target tissue with simple pharmacologic manipulations or packaging drugs in nanoparticles may improve treatment outcome.

Defining a premalignant lesion should be a focus of future research as a strategy for early detection and secondary prevention.

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20439034.001).

[ISSN] 1873-2496

[Journal-full-title] Urologic oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Urol. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Congresses

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Evaluation of early sequential 18F-FDG PET imaging as a prognostic indicator and predictor of response to platinum and pemetrexed chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

: e14534 Background: Recent evidence has suggested that baseline SUV and metabolic response measured on sequential PET scans early in the course of chemotherapy may predict for survival and response to chemotherapy.

METHODS: Patients with MPM suitable for platinum/pemetrexed chemotherapy were studied.

Baseline pre-chemotherapy PET and CT scans were performed with a further PET scan before cycle 2.

CT scans were repeated mid-treatment and at the end of 6 cycles.

PET response was determined by measuring the change in the maximum and mean SUV, PET Vol (volume of tumor above SUV threshold of 3.5) and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG, calculated as PET Vol x SUV Max).

Metabolic response (MR), as measured by a 25% drop in SUV Max, SUV Mean, PET Vol and TLG was compared to overall survival (OS) and to subsequent response to chemotherapy on CT.

Patients with partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) had median survivals of 25.6 months, 8.6 months and 4.6 months respectively (p=0.0072) Conclusions: MR measured by SUV Max, SUV Mean, PET Volume and TLG on early sequential PET scans did not correlate with CT assessed response to chemotherapy or OS.

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(PMID = 27963556.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions.

Biopsy of the lesion sites was done immediately before and 3 months after starting curcumin treament.

There was no treatment-related toxicity up to 8,000 mg/day.

Beyond 8,000 mg/day, the bulky volume of the drug was unacceptable to the patients.

One of 4 patients with CIN and 1 of 7 patients with oral leucoplakia proceeded to develop frank malignancies in spite of curcumin treatment.

In contrast, histologic improvement of precancerous lesions was seen in 1 out of 2 patients with recently resected bladder cancer, 2 out of 7 patients of oral leucoplakia, 1 out of 6 patients of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, I out of 4 patients with CIN and 2 out of 6 patients with Bowen's disease.

[MeSH-major] Anticarcinogenic Agents / therapeutic use. Bowen's Disease / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / drug therapy. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia / drug therapy. Curcumin / therapeutic use. Leukoplakia, Oral / drug therapy. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy. Stomach / pathology. Stomach Neoplasms / prevention & control. Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / drug therapy. Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Arsenicals / adverse effects. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Female. Humans. Male. Metaplasia. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / prevention & control. Prospective Studies. Risk. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 11712783.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticarcinogenic Agents; 0 / Arsenicals; IT942ZTH98 / Curcumin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Because intestinal metaplasia has been regarded as a pre-malignant lesion, we investigated the expression of cyclin D2 and p27 in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis with and without intestinal metaplasia, and followed the changes after H. pylori eradication.

RESULTS: Expression of cyclin D2 was significantly higher in gastric cancers when compared to their adjacent non-tumour tissues (median score 3 vs. 1, P=0.015).

While the normal gastric mucosa showed strong p27 expression, five of the 10 gastric cancer tissues exhibited reduced p27 expression (P=0.039).

[MeSH-major] Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism. Cyclins / metabolism. Helicobacter Infections / drug therapy. Helicobacter pylori. Stomach Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 11552926.001).

[ISSN] 0269-2813

[Journal-full-title] Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

[ISO-abbreviation] Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CCND2 protein, human; 0 / Cyclin D2; 0 / Cyclins; EC 2.7.11.22 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Functional heterogeneity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: the duration of hormonal therapy influences the response.

OBJECTIVES: To use a clinical model of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) to test the hypothesis that prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN, a premalignant lesion of the prostate causally linked to prostate cancer) is heterogeneous for hormone responsiveness, which might explain aspects of the heterogeneity of the natural history of prostate cancer, for although ADT has been used to reduce prostate cancer, there are controversial data on the effect of ADT on PIN.

[MeSH-major] Androgen Antagonists / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / therapeutic use. Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / drug therapy. Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Cohort Studies. Combined Modality Therapy. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prostatectomy. Regression Analysis. Retrospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17244277.001).

[ISSN] 1464-4096

[Journal-full-title] BJU international

[ISO-abbreviation] BJU Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Androgen Antagonists; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Administration of retinoids has been shown to elicit responses in leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion of the oral mucosa that frequently develops into invasive cancer.

Because of the short duration of the response, the intrinsic resistance to retinoids and the toxic side effects, the treatment with this class of compounds has not become a standard therapy.

This review gives an update on the role of retinoids in oral and oropharyngeal cancer and their precursor lesions.

[MeSH-major] Anticarcinogenic Agents / therapeutic use. Mouth Neoplasms / prevention & control. Pharyngeal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Retinoids / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Leukoplakia, Oral / drug therapy. Neoplasms, Second Primary / prevention & control

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(PMID = 12167430.001).

[ISSN] 1368-8375

[Journal-full-title] Oral oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Oral Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticarcinogenic Agents; 0 / Retinoids

[Number-of-references] 107

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Surgery and permanent 125I seed paraspinal brachytherapy for malignant tumors with spinal cord compression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional outcome, predictors of response, and toxicity from spinal surgery and 125I brachytherapy in patients with malignant tumors resulting in spinal cord compression.

Surgical procedures were based on the location of the impinging lesion: corpectomy or spondylectomy in 13 cases and laminectomy in 12.

Three had no EBRT: 1 had lymphoma treated with chemotherapy, 1 had remote previous EBRT for a childhood tumor, and 1 refused EBRT.

The mean time to recurrence for these 4 patients was 20.3 months.

An ambulatory function score was assigned pre- and postoperatively: I, normal ambulation; II, abnormal not requiring assistance; III, abnormal requiring assistance; and IV, unable to ambulate.

All patients with score I, 91% of those with score II, 67% of those with score III, and 67% of those with score IV were ambulatory after the procedure; 84% had either normal or improved ambulation postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: This is the largest series in the literature exploring surgery and 125I brachytherapy in the treatment of malignant spinal cord compression.

Our results suggest a benefit to aggressive local therapy in selected patients with spinal cord compression.

[MeSH-major] Brachytherapy / methods. Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use. Spinal Cord Compression / radiotherapy. Spinal Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Spinal Neoplasms / secondary

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Analysis of Variance. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Recovery of Function. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 12243829.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Current concepts in the genetics of hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer and the role of genetics in clinical practice: sporadic and IBD-associated colorectal tumors, significance of genetic tests in diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of chemotherapy outcome].

Reason for this is partly that CRC has a strong hereditary trait and premalignant lesions are frequent and easily accessible.

In the second part of the review the authors discuss the genetic background of sporadic and IBD associated colorectal cancers as well as the role of genetics in the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy.

Similarly, genetic investigation may play an increasing role in the prediction of prognosis, therapy and complication of chemotherapy.

A more distant goal may be the individualization of the therapy.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. Irritable Bowel Syndrome / complications

[MeSH-minor] Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / genetics. Chromosomal Instability. Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / genetics. DNA Methylation. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Microsatellite Repeats. Mutation. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome / genetics. Pharmacogenetics. Prognosis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16573174.001).

[ISSN] 0030-6002

[Journal-full-title] Orvosi hetilap

[ISO-abbreviation] Orv Hetil

[Language] hun

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Hungary

[Number-of-references] 50

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Efficacy in treatment of cervical HRHPV infection by combination of beta interferon, and herbal therapy in woman with different cervical lesions.

Cervical dysplasia, a premalignant lesion that can progress to cervical cancer, is caused primarily by a sexually transmitted infection with an oncogenic strain of the human papillomavirus (HPV).

The HPV infections are treated through destroying the clinical lesions: laser, cryotherapy, podophyllin...

The hope is that by causing local tissue inflammation that the body will be stimulated to mount an antibody response and thereby prevent recurrence.

The aim of our study is to try to treat the HPV infection as confirmed cause of neoplastic transformation with some herbal therapy and interferon and to try define the guidelines in the management of the HPV positive patients.

Goal of this paper is to search for evidence of efficacy of any treatment for HPV infection of the cervix mostly in woman with no concomitant CIN.

Patients were classified according to the results of the HPV testing prior and after the therapy.

Patients were randomized into two groups: the first group was HPV positive woman treated with other than recommended therapy (n=20), (control group); the second group was pharmacologically treated with intravaginal administration of an interferon and aloe vera-propolis in recommended scheme (n=35) with treatment of the possible fungal or bacterial genital infection prior to the specific therapy.

The almost same therapy was recommended to the male partner.

Patients from the second group used B complex during the therapy.

Patients were retested for the HPV presence after three or six month from therapy depend of the presence bacterial or fungal genital coinfection.

Three months after applied therapy HPV infection was still present in more than 90% of the patients in the first group.

In the second group treated according to the recommended therapy scheme HPV infection disappeared in 71.42% of the patients after three months and in 100% of patients after six months.

Our results suggest that the combination of interferon and herbal therapy with B complex is effective, atraumatic and simple non-surgical treatment of HPV infection.

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(PMID = 17177657.001).

[ISSN] 1512-8601

[Journal-full-title] Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Bosn J Basic Med Sci

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Bosnia and Herzegovina

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral; 12001-76-2 / Vitamin B Complex; 9009-62-5 / Propolis

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Post-treatment malignant liver lesions. MR imaging.

MR imaging is also an excellent method for evaluation of the liver after surgical resection, systemic or local tumor therapies, and liver transplantation.

It permits early recognition of complications and the presence of recurrent tumor, providing an opportunity to repeat treatment or use alternative treatment.

Surgical resection remains the standard therapy for treating liver metastases.

The variety of techniques and the sensitivity for contrast enhancement have made MR imaging an ideal method to follow the response of tumors to various treatment approaches.

The appearance of tumor recurrence and the response to treatment are relatively consistently shown on MR images; however, the time course of change in lesion appearance has not been fully elucidated, particularly in the setting of chemotherapy.

Evaluating the response to chemotherapy is rendered complex because of the longer duration of the therapy, the types of response that various chemotherapeutic agents engender, the method of action of this therapy and the time of imaging in relation to therapy.

The various local therapies share some general principles of action, and many have similar MR imaging findings.

Some local therapies are effective only with certain malignancies (e.g., alcohol therapy and HCC), whereas other therapies are more limited because of the size of the tumor kill zone (e.g., interstitial laser therapy).

We are in the early stages of using MR imaging to guide local therapies and to monitor response during treatment in real time.

The role of MR imaging in liver transplantation involves pre- and postoperative investigation of both donors (in the case of living-related transplantation) and recipients.

[MeSH-major] Liver Neoplasms / diagnosis. Liver Neoplasms / therapy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

[MeSH-minor] Cryotherapy. Embolization, Therapeutic. Hepatectomy. Humans. Laser Coagulation. Liver Transplantation. Microwaves / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 11998575.001).

[ISSN] 1064-9689

[Journal-full-title] Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 101

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Retinoids: application in premalignant lesions and oral cancer.

In the premalignant state, the oral mucosa progresses through various grades of epithelial dysplasia, with the potential to convert to SCC.

Natural and synthetic vitamin A metabolites and analogs (retinoids) were found to suppress head and neck and lung carcinogenesis in animal models, and inhibit carcinogenesis in individuals with premalignant lesions and a high risk to develop cancer of the aerodigestive tract.

Chemopreventive strategies are designed to suppress, reverse, or prevent the formation of premalignant lesions and their subsequent progression to SCC.

[MeSH-major] Anticarcinogenic Agents / therapeutic use. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / prevention & control. Mouth Neoplasms / drug therapy. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Retinoids / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / drug effects. Chemoprevention. Disease Models, Animal. Disease Progression. Epithelium / drug effects. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects. Head and Neck Neoplasms / prevention & control. Humans. Lung Neoplasms / prevention & control. Mouth Mucosa / drug effects. Neoplasms, Second Primary / prevention & control

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(PMID = 11500628.001).

[ISSN] 1137-2834

[Journal-full-title] Medicina oral : órgano oficial de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Oral y de la Academia Iberoamericana de Patología y Medicina Bucal

[ISO-abbreviation] Med Oral

[Language] eng; spa

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticarcinogenic Agents; 0 / Retinoids

[Number-of-references] 50

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Total glans resurfacing for premalignant lesions of the penis: initial outcome data.

OBJECTIVE: To report our initial experience of total glans resurfacing (TGR), as premalignant lesions of the glans penis have conventionally been treated by local excision, topical chemotherapy, laser or cryotherapy, but these techniques are frequently associated with high local failure rates and unsightly scarring that can make monitoring by gross inspection difficult.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: TGR involves removing the glans and subcoronal epithelial and subepithelial tissues down to the corpus spongiosum of the glans and Buck's fascia at the coronal sulcus.

Ten patients underwent TGR: six had recurrent erythroplasia of Queyrat after 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy; one had no clinical response to 5-FU or imiquimod; one had a severe allergic reaction and therefore could not tolerate 5-FU; and two had extensive glans hyperkeratosis and severe dysplasia.

CONCLUSIONS: TGR is a successful surgical alternative for managing intractable premalignant penile lesions.

It has the potential to restore normal anatomy and minimize the risk of local recurrence by replacing diseased epithelium and subepithelial tissues with healthy extra-genital skin.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Patient Satisfaction. Skin Transplantation / methods. Surgical Flaps. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16925748.001).

[ISSN] 1464-4096

[Journal-full-title] BJU international

[ISO-abbreviation] BJU Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A pilot surrogate endpoint biomarker study of celecoxib in oral premalignant lesions.

This study evaluated changes in prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels and related biomarkers in oral premalignant lesions (OPL) in response to celecoxib treatment.

Trends suggested down-modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and Ki-67 in some tissues, increased pAKT-Ser473 expression, and an inverse relationship between PGE(2) and BCL2 expression.

Treatment with celecoxib in subjects with OPLs favorably modulates the primary mediator of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, PGE(2), after 12 weeks.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers / analysis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / prevention & control. Mouth Neoplasms / prevention & control. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Pyrazoles / therapeutic use. Sulfonamides / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Celecoxib. Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism. Dinoprostone / metabolism. Feasibility Studies. Female. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Male. Middle Aged. Oncogene Protein v-akt / metabolism. Pilot Projects. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism

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[CommentIn] Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2008 Oct;1(5):312-5 [19138975.001]

(PMID = 19138978.001).

[ISSN] 1940-6215

[Journal-full-title] Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Prev Res (Phila)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0 / Pyrazoles; 0 / Sulfonamides; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Oncogene Protein v-akt; JCX84Q7J1L / Celecoxib; K7Q1JQR04M / Dinoprostone

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Pilot randomized phase II study of celecoxib in oral premalignant lesions.

In this pilot randomized phase II study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPL).

[MeSH-major] Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use. Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / therapeutic use. Mouth Neoplasms / prevention & control. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Pyrazoles / therapeutic use. Sulfonamides / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Celecoxib. Cyclooxygenase 2 / biosynthesis. Female. Humans. Hyperplasia / drug therapy. Male. Middle Aged. Pilot Projects. Placebos. Polymerase Chain Reaction. RNA, Messenger / analysis

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(PMID = 18381950.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 0 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; 0 / Placebos; 0 / Pyrazoles; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Sulfonamides; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; JCX84Q7J1L / Celecoxib

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways may have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

COX-2 is overexpressed in both premalignant lesions and invasive HNSCC.

We examined COX-2 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal tissues, different stages of premalignant lesions, and carcinoma in situ (CIS).

Tissue specimens were obtained from the following: premalignant lesions from 25 subjects enrolled in a biochemoprevention trial, tumor samples collected at diagnosis from 38 HNSCC patients enrolled in an induction chemotherapy trial, and normal control tissues from 10 noncancer, nonsmoking subjects.

COX-2 was expressed in early and intermediate stages of premalignant lesions, increasing first in the basal and parabasal layers, then lower spinous, and upper spinous layers.

COX-2 expression in tumors from patients treated with induction chemotherapy was correlated with overall survival after controlling for clinical variables.

These findings elucidate the differential expression pattern of COX-2 in stages of head and neck premalignant lesions and invasive carcinoma, supporting the rationale for COX-2 inhibition as an important strategy for cancer chemoprevention.

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(PMID = 19737986.001).

[ISSN] 1940-6215

[Journal-full-title] Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Prev Res (Phila)

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA101244; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA101244-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA101244-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA112643; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA128613

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; P88XT4IS4D / Paclitaxel; UM20QQM95Y / Ifosfamide

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS218932; NLM/ PMC2910364

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Despite recent improvements in chemotherapy and radiation therapy in cancer management with the addition of biological agents, novel treatment approaches are needed to further benefit patients.

The enzyme is commonly expressed in both premalignant lesions and malignant tumours of different types.

A growing body of evidence suggests an association of COX-2 with tumour development, aggressive biological tumour behaviour, resistance to standard cancer treatment, and adverse patient outcome.

Clinical trials of the combination of selective COX-2 inhibitors with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both in patients with a number of cancers have been initiated, and preliminary results are encouraging.

This review discusses the role of COX-2, its products (prostaglandins) and its inhibitors in tumour growth and treatment.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology. Cyclooxygenase 2 / physiology. Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / pharmacology. Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Combined Modality Therapy. Drug Delivery Systems. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm. Humans. Prostaglandins / biosynthesis. Prostaglandins / physiology

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(PMID = 17428102.001).

[ISSN] 0012-6667

[Journal-full-title] Drugs

[ISO-abbreviation] Drugs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] New Zealand

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; 0 / Prostaglandins; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2

[Number-of-references] 233

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Lung cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Most patients present with advanced disease, and early detection approaches are still experimental.

Identification of molecular defects involved in premalignant lesions and/or invasive cancer could lead to clinical studies with new molecular-targeted agents (mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, farnesyl-transferase inhibitors and/or antiangiogenic molecules) and the development of surrogate biomarkers.

Such biomarkers would be essential to detect high-risk patients, select adequate chemoprevention strategies and monitor drug efficacy.

[MeSH-major] Anticarcinogenic Agents / therapeutic use. Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy

Genetic Alliance. consumer health - Lung Cancer.

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(PMID = 15648189.001).

[ISSN] 0080-0015

[Journal-full-title] Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Recent Results Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticarcinogenic Agents; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Number-of-references] 88

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Photodynamic therapy in urology. Biologic and pathologic mechanisms of action].

[Transliterated title] La terapia fotodinámica en urologia. Mecanismos de acción biológicos y patológicos.

Photodynamic Therapy (FDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality extraordinarily useful.

In urology, FDT is very useful and may be applied through endoscopes or directly, with excellent results obtained for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder tumors, in the treatment of prostate cancer and its recurrences, and in the treatment of dermatological premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the penis.

FDT is founded on the use of photosensitizing products which selectively accumulate in tumor tissues.

The irradiation of these tissues with a proper wavelength light (generally in the red region of the visible spectrum lambda > or = 600 nm) produces the formation of oxygen reactive species with cytotoxic effects leading to selective death of neoplastic cells, and tumor regression.

The main advantage of FDT is the restriction of cellular damage to the irradiation area, with the associated decrease of secondary effects on healthy tissues near the tumor, on the contrary to what happen with other conventional therapies for some tumors of the urinary tract.

Moreover, FDT may be used in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Photochemotherapy. Urologic Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Male. Photosensitizing Agents / therapeutic use. Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy

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(PMID = 19140598.001).

[ISSN] 0004-0614

[Journal-full-title] Archivos españoles de urología

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Esp. Urol.

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Photosensitizing Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To determine preoperative parameters that predict the histology of specimens obtained by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer (NSGCT) whose residual mass was </= 20 mm in diameter after modern cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven patients with metastatic NSGCT underwent RPLND after having received cisplatin- or carboplatin-based induction chemotherapy.

In all patients, the largest diameter of the residual mass on the transaxial plane was </= 20 mm, as assessed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) immediately before RPLND.

RESULTS: Complete fibrosis or necrosis was found in 58 patients (67%), teratoma was found in 23 patients (26%), and vital malignant germ cell tumor was found in six patients (7%), including one patient with rhabdomyosarcoma in the RPLND specimen.

In five of the six latter patients, the residual lesion was </= 10 mm at pre-RPLND CT.

No pre- or postchemotherapy clinical or radiologic parameter was identified that significantly predicted the histology of the residual mass.

CONCLUSION: One third of retroperitoneal postchemotherapy lesions </= 20 mm contained residual vital tumor tissue, despite modern chemotherapy regimens.

Therefore, postchemotherapy RPLND remains necessary in patients with minimal-size residual lesions to facilitate easy and safe follow-up and initiate additional therapy as early as possible, thus avoiding recurrences.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Bleomycin / administration & dosage. Carboplatin / administration & dosage. Chi-Square Distribution. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Combined Modality Therapy. Etoposide / administration & dosage. Humans. Ifosfamide / administration & dosage. Lymph Node Excision. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Peritoneum. Statistics, Nonparametric. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Treatment Outcome

Genetic Alliance. consumer health - Testicular cancer.

MedlinePlus Health Information. consumer health - Testicular Cancer.

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank. BLEOMYCIN .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. CIS-DIAMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. ETOPOSIDE .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. IFOSFAMIDE .

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[CommentIn] J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3853 [15923581.001]

(PMID = 12947067.001).

[ISSN] 0732-183X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 11056-06-7 / Bleomycin; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; UM20QQM95Y / Ifosfamide

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia is very rare.

Early radiological features of sarcomatous transformation are moth-eaten or cystic areas of osteolysis, cortical destruction and gradual formation of a soft tissue mass.

The prognosis is unfavorable as most of the cases are in an advanced stage in the time of diagnosis.

Plain graphies of left femur showed a well-delineated lesion with endosteal scalloping and areas having a ground-glass appearance.

The MRI revealed minimal contrast enhancement but no heterogenous signal intensity, cortical destruction, periost reaction or accompanying soft tissue component was noted.

The lesion was initially curetted.

But being diagnosed as osteosarcoma histologically, classical osteosarcoma protocol pre and postoperative chemotherapy was applied.

Resected femur showed areas of fibrous dysplasia admixed with osteosarcoma having fibroblastic, chondroblastic and osteoblastic areas that were focally invading the soft tissue.

She did not respond to postoperative chemotherapy and lost with pulmonary metastases less than a years' time after the operation.

The case is presented to increase awareness on the possibility of malignant transformation in an otherwise unsuspected fibrous dysplasia.

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(PMID = 18560851.001).

[ISSN] 1434-3916

[Journal-full-title] Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Practical aspects of multimodal therapy and data emerging from a 40-year experience at a single Italian institution.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasia with high biological aggressiveness and rapid and lethal clinical course.

In selected patients, an aggressive multimodal therapy could decrease illness progression both in the neck e in other sites.

However, it is not clear if these combined treatments improve survival.

In our institution, the Department of Nuclear Medicine has a 40-year experience in monitor and treatment of a group of 48 patient with ATC confirmation that clinical presentation could overlap pre-existent nodular goitre or rapid enlarging mass of recent onset.

A better mean survival was noticed in those patients who respond to the multimodal therapy (8 months vs 4.6 months).

Radioiodine (131 I) therapy is unnecessary due to the loss of NIS expression of the ATC cells.

Therefore, after quick clinical and instrumental work up, our experience and the literature data suggest that the first line therapy is represented from external radiotherapy combined also with cisplatin or doxorubicin, followed by "curative" surgical procedure of the primary lesion in the neck and subsequent chemotherapy.

For those patients who show distant metastasis at onset chemotherapy is the first line therapy followed by external radiotherapy and when possible subsequent surgical procedure.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / diagnosis. Carcinoma / therapy. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / methods. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Doxorubicin / administration & dosage. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Incidence. Italy / epidemiology. Male. Middle Aged. Prevalence. Prognosis. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / methods. Research Design / statistics & numerical data. Survival Rate. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 20386523.001).

[ISSN] 0391-1977

[Journal-full-title] Minerva endocrinologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Minerva Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 80168379AG / Doxorubicin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin

[Number-of-references] 29

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Surgical treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity].

[Transliterated title] Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Mundhöhle.

Chromosomal deletion may also be detected in premalignant lesions.

Therapeutic options that are proven best are radiation or/and surgery for T1 and T2 stages with a 5-year survival rate between 80% and 100%.

Multimodal therapies, also including chemotherapy for higher stages result in 5-year survival rates between 55% and 62%.

Since recurrence and metastasis have very poor prognosis sufficient and radical primary therapy is crucial.

Palliative chemotherapy may be applied for functional improvement and pain release without statistical prove for increased survival rates.

[MeSH-minor] Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Combined Modality Therapy. Humans. Neoplasm Staging. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Risk Factors. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 18560949.001).

[ISSN] 0043-5341

[Journal-full-title] Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

[ISO-abbreviation] Wien Med Wochenschr

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Austria

[Number-of-references] 61

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a fatal prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy.

In the last few years genetic alterations in cancer-causing genes have been identified in tumors and putative premalignant lesions using microdissection techniques.

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(PMID = 12120215.001).

[ISSN] 1424-3903

[Journal-full-title] Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Pancreatology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Transforming Growth Factor alpha

[Number-of-references] 63

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

After a quarter of a century of rapid advances in cancer research, the focus of oncological drug development has shifted from cytotoxic chemotherapy to rationally designed agents that target specific molecules associated with malignant cells or their environment.

As a consequence of greater public awareness of health related issues and population screening, the detection of early cancer or premalignant lesions has demonstrated the potential that exists for targeting the same molecules during carcinogenesis.

This structured approach currently emerging is providing pharmacological and mechanistic data on novel agents which will prove essential in the planning of larger-scale commitments.

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(PMID = 11887091.001).

[ISSN] 0031-0808

[Journal-full-title] Panminerva medica

[ISO-abbreviation] Panminerva Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Number-of-references] 38

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious DNA lesions because they can lead to chromosome aberrations or apoptosis.

The development of immunocytochemical methods of gamma H2AX detection provided a convenient tool for research and is considered a gold standard for DSB analysis.

These methods are sensitive and specific in the detection of a single DSB.

Assessment of H2AX phosphorylation can be used in clinical practice as a marker of premalignant lesions and to predict cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

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(PMID = 19252467.001).

[ISSN] 1732-2693

[Journal-full-title] Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)

[ISO-abbreviation] Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)

[Language] POL

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / H2AFX protein, human; 0 / Histones; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 2.7.11.1 / ATM protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

[Number-of-references] 68

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor of the maxillofacial skeleton with a distinct predilection in the mandible.

It may appear de novo or originate from a pre-existing ameloblastoma or odontogenic cyst.

It may present as a cystic lesion with benign clinical features or as a large tissue mass with ulceration, significant bone resorption and tooth mobility.

Wide local excision is the treatment of choice.

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have limited role in the treatment of ameloblastic carcinomas.

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(PMID = 22190836.001).

[ISSN] 0974-942X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J Maxillofac Oral Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3177477

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Ameloblastic carcinoma / Ameloblastoma / Odontogenic tumor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Therapeutic potential of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in the management of tumor angiogenesis.

Selective pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 represents a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of malignancies.

Agents that selectively inhibit COX-2 appear to be safe, and well tolerated suggesting that chronic treatment for angiogenesis inhibition is feasible [107-110].

Because these agents inhibit angiogenesis, they should have at least additive benefit in combination with standard chemotherapy [111] and radiation therapy [24, 112].

In preclinical models, a selective inhibitor of COX-2 was shown to potentiate the beneficial antitumor effects of ionizing radiation with no increase in normal tissue cytotoxicity [113-115].

This antiangiogenic chemotherapy regimen could be enhanced by the concurrent administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor [116-119].

Given the safety and tolerability of the selective COX-2 inhibitors, and the potent antiangiogenic properties of these agents, the combination of antiangiogenic chemotherapy with a COX-2 inhibitor warrants clinical evaluation [118, 121, 122].

In conclusion, the contribution of COX-2 at multiple points in the angiogenic cascade makes it an ideal target for pharmacologic inhibition.

As premalignant lesions progress towards malignancy, there is a switch to the angiogenic phenotype that is subsequently followed by rapid tumor growth [128, 129].

[MeSH-major] Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / therapeutic use. Isoenzymes / antagonists & inhibitors. Neoplasms / blood supply. Neoplasms / drug therapy. Neovascularization, Pathologic / drug therapy

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(PMID = 12795055.001).

[ISSN] 0079-6263

[Journal-full-title] Progress in experimental tumor research

[ISO-abbreviation] Prog Exp Tumor Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; 0 / Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; 0 / Endothelial Growth Factors; 0 / Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0 / Isoenzymes; 0 / Lymphokines; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; 57576-52-0 / Thromboxane A2; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; EC 1.14.99.1 / Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

[Number-of-references] 131

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The low survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer points towards an increased need for novel therapeutic and chemopreventive strategies and also early detection of this disease.

Some chemopreventive agents (for example, curcumin or resveratrol) have also been reported to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (for example, gemcitabine or erlotinib), which suggests that chemopreventive agents could potentially be used as potentiators of standard chemotherapy.

Further development of pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents may prove to be tremendously valuable for individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic cancer and patients who present with premalignant lesions.

[MeSH-minor] Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / therapeutic use. Animals. Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Camellia sinensis. Celecoxib. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics. Curcumin / administration & dosage. Curcumin / therapeutic use. Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / pharmacology. Deoxycytidine / administration & dosage. Deoxycytidine / analogs & derivatives. Deoxycytidine / therapeutic use. Disease Models, Animal. Down-Regulation / drug effects. Drug Synergism. Humans. Isothiocyanates / therapeutic use. Phototherapy. Pyrazoles / therapeutic use. Sulfonamides / therapeutic use. Tea. Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives. Vitamin E / administration & dosage. beta Carotene / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 20440279.001).

[ISSN] 1759-5053

[Journal-full-title] Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA101753; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA101753-07; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA101753

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; 0 / Isothiocyanates; 0 / Pyrazoles; 0 / Sulfonamides; 0 / Tea; 01YAE03M7J / beta Carotene; 0W860991D6 / Deoxycytidine; 1406-16-2 / Vitamin D; 1406-18-4 / Vitamin E; B76N6SBZ8R / gemcitabine; EC 2.5.- / Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; IT942ZTH98 / Curcumin; JCX84Q7J1L / Celecoxib

[Number-of-references] 118

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS228764; NLM/ PMC2927967