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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with large middle cerebral artery infarction and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) who are undergoing invasive intensive care therapy require technical monitoring.

Furthermore, the effects of what is considered to be standard antiedema medical treatment are not fully understood.

METHODS: ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and partial brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbrO(2)) were continuously measured within the white matter of the frontal lobe unilaterally or bilaterally.

We analyzed the effects of antiedema drugs and looked for pattern changes in the PbrO(2) before transtentorial herniation in patients in whom this could not be prevented.

A total of 297 antiedema drug administrations were analyzed in 11 patients.

Hyper-HAES and mannitol were most often associated with an increase in CPP and PbrO(2), whereas the use of thiopental and tromethamine led to negative or contrary effects, although ICP was decreased in every case.

CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal monitoring can be used to monitor antiedema drug effects.

Furthermore, this method might help to optimize the timing of invasive therapy in space-occupying infarction.

[MeSH-major] Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / drug therapy. Monitoring, Physiologic / methods. Online Systems

[MeSH-minor] Brain Edema / drug therapy. Feasibility Studies. Frontal Lobe / chemistry. Frontal Lobe / physiopathology. Humans. Intracranial Hypertension. Intracranial Pressure / drug effects. Oxygen / analysis. Partial Pressure

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(PMID = 11692007.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4628

[Journal-full-title] Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation

[ISO-abbreviation] Stroke

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] S88TT14065 / Oxygen

   

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Environmental stimuli previously paired with drug taking appear to play a critical role in nicotine dependence.

Converging anatomical, pharmacological, and behavioral evidence implicates dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) in the mechanisms underlying stimulus-controlled drug-seeking behavior.

This study assessed the effects of BP 897, a D3R partial agonist and ST 198, a D3R antagonist, on nicotine-induced conditioned place preferences (CPPs), used as a measure of drug-seeking behavior, on food-maintained responding and on discrimination performance under a two-lever-choice nicotine discrimination procedure.

BP 897 and ST 198 both blocked the expression of nicotine-induced CPP at doses selective for D3R.

They had no effect on locomotor activity in the CPP apparatus and no significant effect on nicotine discrimination performance or food-maintained responding under the discrimination procedure.

Involvement of antidepressant actions in the effects of BP 897 and ST 198 on CPP is unlikely, since we found no effect of D3R blockade with BP 897 or genetic depletion of D3Rs in a forced swimming test, used as a behavioral test for antidepressant activity.

This suggests that D3R ligands reduce the motivational effects of nicotine by a mechanism distinct from those of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion, the two currently used aids for smoking cessation in humans.

[MeSH-major] Dopamine Agents / pharmacology. Nicotine / antagonists & inhibitors. Receptors, Dopamine D2 / agonists. Spatial Behavior / drug effects. Tobacco Use Disorder / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Acrylamides / pharmacology. Animals. Antidepressive Agents / pharmacology. Conditioning (Psychology) / drug effects. Conditioning (Psychology) / physiology. Discrimination (Psychology) / drug effects. Discrimination (Psychology) / physiology. Disease Models, Animal. Dopamine Agonists / pharmacology. Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology. Drug Interactions / physiology. Female. Isoquinolines / pharmacology. Ligands. Limbic System / drug effects. Limbic System / metabolism. Limbic System / physiopathology. Male. Mice. Mice, Knockout. Piperazines / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Receptors, Dopamine D3

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(PMID = 15562293.001).

[ISSN] 0893-133X

[Journal-full-title] Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropsychopharmacology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ((E)-N-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl)-3-phenylacrylamide; 0 / Acrylamides; 0 / Antidepressive Agents; 0 / BP 897; 0 / Dopamine Agents; 0 / Dopamine Agonists; 0 / Dopamine Antagonists; 0 / Drd3 protein, mouse; 0 / Drd3 protein, rat; 0 / Isoquinolines; 0 / Ligands; 0 / Piperazines; 0 / Receptors, Dopamine D2; 0 / Receptors, Dopamine D3; 6M3C89ZY6R / Nicotine

   

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[Title] Bone development during GH and GnRH analog treatment.

Treatment of precocious puberty with GnRH analogs (GnRHa), by reducing sex steroid levels, leads to a situation of hypoestrogenism that may theoretically have a detrimental effect on bone mass during pubertal development.

A reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) during GnRHa treatment has been demonstrated, but GnRHa treatment in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) does not seem to impair the achievement of normal peak bone mass (PBM) at final height.

In children and adolescents with GH deficiency (GHD), BMD assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bone turnover are significantly reduced, but they are stimulated by GH treatment.

GH treatment leads to improved bone density, function of the dose and duration of treatment, and patients may require prolonged GH treatment beyond the time of growth to improve PBM.

After the discontinuation of GH therapy, the more active population had higher bone mineral content (BMC) levels than patients with low physical activity.

In our experience, the therapeutic association of GH and calcium also represents a valuable tool in pursuing a proper BMC in GHD patients.

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(PMID = 15339244.001).

[ISSN] 0804-4643

[Journal-full-title] European journal of endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Endocrinol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 79561-22-1 / LHRH, Ala(6)-Gly(10)-ethylamide-; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone

[Number-of-references] 69

   

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[Title] Choroid plexus tumors in children: significance of stromal invasion.

OBJECTIVE: A group of choroid plexus tumors fit the cellular criteria for choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) except for invasion into the adjacent parenchyma, with associated loss of the normal villus architecture at the site of invasion.

These tumors retain a benign cellular appearance.

In the existing literature, it is unclear whether these tumors are classified as choroid plexus carcinomas or as CPPs.

In our experience, although evidence of invasion is present, these tumors tend to exhibit benign behavior.

We suggest that stromal invasion of this type remains consistent with a benign clinical course, although surgical results may demonstrate higher morbidity rates, given the invasive nature of the tumors.

After gross total tumor removal, none of the eight children with CPPs received adjuvant therapy at our institution; all are alive without evidence of tumor recurrence after surgical excision (mean, 108 mo).

The one patient who underwent subtotal resection received chemotherapy at another facility.

CONCLUSION: It is recommended that CPPs with a benign cellular appearance but with evidence of local parenchymal invasion and loss of the normal villus architecture at the site of invasion be classified as CPPs.

Patients with these tumors respond to surgical therapy alone, without the need for adjuvant treatment.

[MeSH-major] Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / pathology. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / surgery. Papilloma / pathology. Papilloma / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Child. Child, Preschool. Humans. Infant. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 11220372.001).

[ISSN] 0148-396X

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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The authors describe a girl with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) who developed central precocious puberty (CPP).

She subsequently developed diabetes insipidus with a documented lesion of the pituitary stalk; she received chemotherapy and began therapy with l-desamino-8-D-argininevasopressin.

Growth hormone deficiency was diagnosed at the age of 4.4 years and GH replacement therapy started.

The patient has been off therapy for LCH since the age of 6.

Signs of pubertal development appeared at 7.5 years (bone age 8 years) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment was started.

During the observation period she developed central hypothyroidism.

Development of CPP during LCH is extremely rare; to the authors 'knowledge, no patient has been described so far.

The authors believe that CPP was secondary to LCH and did not represent a casual finding, even in the absence of hypothalamic-pituitary axis involvement.

The possibility of CPP development should be considered during the follow-up of these patients.

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(PMID = 12051595.001).

[ISSN] 0888-0018

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric hematology and oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Hematol Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone

   

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Based on the recent finding that calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is essential in learning and memory processes, the present study was performed to examine whether inhibition of hippocampal and amygdala CaMKII prevents the dependence and relapse to morphine.

Microinjection of KN-62 into both hippocampus and amygdala suppressed the development of formation and reactivation of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP).

However, inhibition of CaMKII in amygdala, but not in hippocampus, could attenuate the maintenance of morphine CPP.

Inhibition of this kinase may have some therapeutic benefit in the treatment of opiate dependence and relapse.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2. Conditioning (Psychology) / drug effects. Enzyme Inhibitors / administration & dosage. Male. Microinjections. Morphine / pharmacology. Naloxone / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / drug therapy. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / enzymology

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(PMID = 10984639.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3940

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci. Lett.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] IRELAND

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; 127191-97-3 / KN 62; 36B82AMQ7N / Naloxone; 76I7G6D29C / Morphine; 84477-87-2 / 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; EC 2.7.11.17 / Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; EC 2.7.11.17 / Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

   

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BACKGROUND: There is an acute paucity of second-line systemic agents for the treatment of extensive chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP).

Recent studies using hydroxyurea in patients with HIV infection and sickle cell anemia have rekindled interest in this old drug and have provided more data regarding safety and dosage.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to test the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxyurea in patients with extensive CPP who had to discontinue first-line oral agents for any reason.

Thirty-one patients, including 26 with prior history of systemic antipsoriatic therapy were given hydroxyurea 1-1.5 g per day for a median duration of 36 weeks.

They were followed up for a mean period of 36.1 +/- 13.8 weeks.

All adverse effects were mild and reversible and none of the patients required cessation of therapy.

CONCLUSION: Hydroxyurea is an effective, very safe but relatively slower acting alternative for patients with extensive CPP over the short-to-medium term.

[MeSH-major] Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use. Hydroxyurea / therapeutic use. Psoriasis / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prospective Studies. Skin Pigmentation / drug effects

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(PMID = 11703528.001).

[ISSN] 0011-9059

[Journal-full-title] International journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; X6Q56QN5QC / Hydroxyurea

   

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AIM: This review of the literature examines the role of the natural components of saliva in maintaining tooth mineralization and the role of different casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate-based (CPP-ACP) compounds in controlling demineralization/remineralization and their clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: A group of peptides, known as CPP, have been shown to stabilize calcium and phosphate preserving them in an amorphous or soluble form known as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP).

Calcium and phosphate are essential components of enamel and dentine and form highly insoluble complexes, but in the presence of CPP they remain soluble and biologically available.

This CPP-ACP complex applied to teeth by means of chewing-gum, toothpaste, lozenges, mouth rinses, or sprays is able to adhere to the dental biofilm and enamel hydroxyapatite providing bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions.

REVIEW RESULTS: Significantly high levels of calcium and phosphate have been found in both biofilm and subsurface incipient caries lesions and in lower level demineralization of enamel or dentine surfaces previously treated with CPP-ACP based compounds.

When placed on the surface of a tooth with early carious lesions, pastes with CPP-ACP complexes can prevent tooth demineralization and improve enamel remineralization and enhance fluoride activity.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Use of CPP-ACP based compounds offers a potential for use in the prevention of dental caries.

[MeSH-major] Cariostatic Agents / therapeutic use. Caseins / therapeutic use. Dental Caries / prevention & control

[MeSH-minor] Biofilms. Calcium / pharmacokinetics. Dental Enamel / metabolism. Dental Plaque / chemistry. Dentin / metabolism. Humans. Phosphates / pharmacokinetics. Saliva / physiology. Tooth Erosion / prevention & control. Tooth Remineralization / methods. Xerostomia / drug therapy

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(PMID = 19430620.001).

[ISSN] 1526-3711

[Journal-full-title] The journal of contemporary dental practice

[ISO-abbreviation] J Contemp Dent Pract

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cariostatic Agents; 0 / Caseins; 0 / Phosphates; 0 / casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

[Number-of-references] 31

   

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[Title] A bedside method for investigating the integrity and critical thresholds of cerebral pressure autoregulation in severe traumatic brain injury patients.

To avoid ischaemic secondary insults after severe head injury (SHI) it would be helpful to know the relationship between cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and intracranial pressure (ICP).

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was varied to detect changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) indicative of intact AR.

Three types of responses were observed:.

(3) MAP elevation lowers ICP; Changes between types 1/2 and type 3 suggests AR breakpoints.

Varying response types and breakpoints were observed between and within patients.

Lower AR breakpoints were seen from 60 to 80 mmHg CPP, upper breakpoints were as high as 112.

CPP monitoring achieves a twofold utility in targeted therapy:.

Although the precise relationship between pAR breakpoints and the adequacy of cerebral perfusion to meet metabolic needs remains unclear, a technique such as described here is simple and has much to offer in targeting therapy toward specific pathophysiological processes in traumatic brain injury.

[MeSH-major] Brain Injuries / physiopathology. Homeostasis / physiology. Intracranial Pressure / physiology. Point-of-Care Systems

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Blood Pressure / drug effects. Blood Pressure / physiology. Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology. Glasgow Coma Scale. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Phenylephrine / pharmacology. Vasoconstrictor Agents / pharmacology

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(PMID = 10889883.001).

[ISSN] 0268-8697

[Journal-full-title] British journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] ENGLAND

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Vasoconstrictor Agents; 1WS297W6MV / Phenylephrine

   

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BACKGROUND: The present study was a multicenter, retrospective study which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of propofol, a new choice of pharmacotherapy in head-injured patients.

Data on patients' demographics, laboratory data, GCS score, ICP, CPP, concurrent medications, and therapeutic outcomes were collected.

Mean CPP for the first 5 days in the ICU was 71.10 +/- 15.32 mm Hg in the propofol group and 43.20 +/- 29.92 mm Hg in the nonpropofol group (P<.001).

[MeSH-major] Brain Injuries / drug therapy. Brain Injuries / mortality. Hypnotics and Sedatives / therapeutic use. Propofol / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Female. Glasgow Coma Scale. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Survival Rate. Taiwan / epidemiology. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17071254.001).

[ISSN] 0090-3019

[Journal-full-title] Surgical neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Neurol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hypnotics and Sedatives; YI7VU623SF / Propofol

   

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[Title] Chondroitin sulfate as a molecular portal that preferentially mediates the apoptotic killing of tumor cells by penetratin-directed mitochondria-disrupting peptides.

The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as drug carriers for targeted therapy is limited by the unrestricted cellular translocation of CPPs.

The preferential induction of tumor cell death by penetratin (Antp)-directed peptides (PNC27 and PNC28), however, suggests that the CPP Antp may contribute to the preferential cytotoxicity of these peptides.

The IC(50) values of PNC27 in tumor cells were 2-3 times lower than in normal cells.

However, all three engineered peptides demonstrated similar cytotoxic effects in tumor and normal cells.

Another three chimeric peptides containing the leader peptide Antp with different mitochondria-disrupting peptides (KLA-Antp (KGA), B27-Antp (BA27), and B28-Antp (BA28)), preferentially induced apoptosis in tumor cells.

The IC(50) values of these peptides (3-10 microM) were 3-6 times lower in tumor cells than in normal cells.

In contrast, TAT-directed peptides (TAT-KLA (TK), TAT-B27 (TB27), and TAT-B28 (TB28)), were cytotoxic to both tumor and normal cells.

Furthermore, Antp-directed peptides bind chondroitin sulfate (CS), and the removal of endogenous CS reduces the cytotoxic effects of Antp-directed peptides in tumor cells.

The overexpression of CS in tumor cells is positively correlated to the cell entry and cytotoxicity of Antp- directed peptides.

These results suggest that CS overexpression in tumor cells is an important molecular portal that mediates the preferential cytotoxicity of Antp-directed peptides.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / drug effects. Carrier Proteins / pharmacology. Chondroitin Sulfates / pharmacology. Mitochondria / drug effects. Mitochondria / metabolism. Peptides / pharmacology

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Biological Transport / drug effects. Cell Line. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Survival / drug effects. Female. Glycosaminoglycans / metabolism. Glycosaminoglycans / pharmacology. HeLa Cells. Humans. Mice. Mice, Inbred BALB C. Mice, Nude. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / pharmacology. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / therapeutic use. Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

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(PMID = 20484051.001).

[ISSN] 1083-351X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of biological chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Biol. Chem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Glycosaminoglycans; 0 / PNC-27; 0 / Peptides; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; 0 / penetratin; 9007-28-7 / Chondroitin Sulfates

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2919130

   

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PURPOSE: To explore the long-term effects of the calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage, we investigated the effects of nicardipine infusion on intracranial pressure (ICP), middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity (Vmca) , and computed tomographical (CT) findings of bleeding and edema.

Blood pressure, heart rate, conscious level, Vmca, pulsatility index (PI, using transcranial Doppler), ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and platelet counts were monitored.

CT examination was also performed to detect the changes of bleeding (hematoma) and/or brain edema.

The CPP decreased at 24 hr (75 +/- 14 mmHg, P = 0.026) and 72 hr (73 +/- 15 mmHg, P = 0.024) from the baseline (99 +/- 17 mmHg).

CONCLUSION: In patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage, nicardipine infusion to decrease blood pressure by 20 to 30% had no effect on Vmca, ICP, cerebral bleeding and edema, but decreased CPP.

[MeSH-major] Blood Pressure / drug effects. Calcium Channel Blockers / therapeutic use. Cerebral Hemorrhage / physiopathology. Nicardipine / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Brain Edema / drug therapy. Brain Edema / physiopathology. Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Female. Heart Rate / drug effects. Humans. Intracranial Pressure / drug effects. Male. Middle Aged. Middle Cerebral Artery / physiology. Platelet Count. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 11132741.001).

[ISSN] 0832-610X

[Journal-full-title] Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie

[ISO-abbreviation] Can J Anaesth

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Canada

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Calcium Channel Blockers; CZ5312222S / Nicardipine

   

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[Title] Augmented creatinine clearance in traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline and/or norepinephrine infusion are routinely used to achieve a desired cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in TBI patients older than 16 years with normal serum creatinine concentrations, requiring maintenance of CPP.

Demographic data, use of vasoactive medications, fluid balance, feeding regimen, and hemodynamic variables were recorded throughout the study period.

The mean maximum CrCl was 179 mL/min/1.73 m(2) while receiving CPP therapy (95% confidence interval [CI], 159-198), returning to a mean of 111 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (95% CI, 91-131; P < 0.001) when measured after discharge from the intensive care unit.

The mean CrCl in the intensive care unit while not receiving CPP therapy was 150 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (95% CI, 134-167; P = 0.03).

The mean time to reach peak CrCl while receiving active treatment was 4.7 days (95% CI, 3.0-6.4).

CONCLUSIONS: Augmented CrCls are common in TBI patients receiving active management of CPP and persist even after discontinuation of such therapy.

Further work is needed to clarify the impact of such clearances on renally excreted drugs in this setting.

[MeSH-major] Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / administration & dosage. Brain Injuries / therapy. Creatinine / urine. Fluid Therapy. Norepinephrine / administration & dosage

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Biomarkers / urine. Female. Humans. Intensive Care Units. Intracranial Pressure / drug effects. Male. Queensland. Time Factors. Treatment Outcome. Up-Regulation. Young Adult

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(PMID = 21048095.001).

[ISSN] 1526-7598

[Journal-full-title] Anesthesia and analgesia

[ISO-abbreviation] Anesth. Analg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; 0 / Biomarkers; AYI8EX34EU / Creatinine; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

   

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in a model of attentional performance deficit of schizophrenia induced by blockade of N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Attentional performance was assessed using the five-choice serial reaction time task.

The task provides indices of attentional functioning (% correct responses), executive control (measured by anticipatory and perseverative responding), decision time (measured by correct response latency), and omissions.

Haloperidol and clozapine were given intraperitoneally (IP) to animals that had received vehicle or a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 3-(R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), directly into the medial prefrontal cortex.

RESULTS: Fifty nanograms/side of CPP reduced accuracy (% correct responses) and increased anticipatory and perseverative responding.

Haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg IP) reduced the CPP-induced anticipatory and perseverative overresponding but not the impairment in accuracy.

CPP increased decision time and omissions, but these effects were not affected by either haloperidol or clozapine.

[MeSH-major] Attention / drug effects. Clozapine / pharmacology. Haloperidol / pharmacology. Prefrontal Cortex / drug effects. Schizophrenia / physiopathology

[MeSH-minor] Analysis of Variance. Animals. Antipsychotic Agents / administration & dosage. Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Dopamine Antagonists / administration & dosage. Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Injections, Intraperitoneal. Male. Microinjections. Piperazines / administration & dosage. Piperazines / toxicity. Rats. Reaction Time / drug effects. Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / antagonists & inhibitors. Serial Learning / drug effects. Serotonin Antagonists / administration & dosage. Serotonin Antagonists / pharmacology

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(PMID = 17940750.001).

[ISSN] 0033-3158

[Journal-full-title] Psychopharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Psychopharmacology (Berl.)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antipsychotic Agents; 0 / Dopamine Antagonists; 0 / Piperazines; 0 / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; 0 / Serotonin Antagonists; 98Y1I8ZD4M / 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid; J60AR2IKIC / Clozapine; J6292F8L3D / Haloperidol

   

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[Title] The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A reduces nicotine-enhanced brain reward and nicotine-paired environmental cue functions.

Increasing evidence suggests that enhanced dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) may play a role in mediating the reward and reinforcement produced by addictive drugs and in the attentional processing of drug-associated environmental cues.

The meso-accumbens DA system is selectively enriched with DA D3 receptors, a DA receptor subtype increasingly implicated in reward-related brain and behavioural processes.

From a variety of evidence, it has been suggested that selective DA D3 receptor antagonism may be a useful pharmacotherapeutic approach for treating addiction.

The present experiments tested the efficacy of SB-277011A, a selective DA D3 receptor antagonist, in rat models of nicotine-enhanced electrical brain-stimulation reward (BSR), nicotine-induced conditioned locomotor activity (LMA), and nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).

SB-277011A, given intraperitoneally within the dose range of 1-12 mg/kg, dose-dependently reduced nicotine-enhanced BSR, nicotine-induced conditioned LMA, and nicotine-induced CPP.

The results suggest that selective D3 receptor antagonism constitutes a new and promising pharmacotherapeutic approach to the treatment of nicotine dependence.

[MeSH-major] Brain / drug effects. Conditioning, Operant / drug effects. Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology. Nicotine / pharmacology. Nicotinic Agonists / pharmacology. Nitriles / pharmacology. Reward. Tetrahydroisoquinolines / pharmacology

[MeSH-minor] Analysis of Variance. Animals. Area Under Curve. Association Learning / drug effects. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Cues. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Drug Interactions. Male. Motor Activity / drug effects. Rats. Rats, Long-Evans

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(PMID = 16942635.001).

[ISSN] 1461-1457

[Journal-full-title] The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z99 DA999999

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dopamine Antagonists; 0 / Nicotinic Agonists; 0 / Nitriles; 0 / SB 277011; 0 / Tetrahydroisoquinolines; 6M3C89ZY6R / Nicotine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS493706; NLM/ PMC3732043

   

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[Title] Precocious puberty in Sanfilippo IIIA disease: diagnosis and follow-up of two new cases.

We observed two children affected by MPS IIIA with central precocious puberty (CPP) both treated with GnRH agonists.

The occurrence of CPP in both patients with MPS IIIA suggests that it is necessary to look for an association between the two conditions.

The follow-up of our two patients leads us to believe also that GnRH agonist treatment can have a beneficial effect on final height and probably on the improvement of behavioural problems.

[MeSH-major] Mucopolysaccharidosis III / complications. Mucopolysaccharidosis III / diagnosis. Mutation. Puberty, Precocious / complications

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Body Height / drug effects. Brain / pathology. Child. Child Behavior Disorders / complications. Child Behavior Disorders / drug therapy. DNA Mutational Analysis. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / agonists. Humans. Luteolytic Agents / therapeutic use. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Triptorelin Pamoate / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 18586597.001).

[ISSN] 1769-7212

[Journal-full-title] European journal of medical genetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Med Genet

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Luteolytic Agents; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 57773-63-4 / Triptorelin Pamoate

   

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[Title] Circulating ghrelin levels in girls with central precocious puberty are reduced during treatment with LHRH analog.

No data are available for girls with central precocious puberty (CPP).

AIMS: To explore ghrelin changes before, during, and after GnRH analog treatment in girls with CPP.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 20 Caucasian girls (8.08 +/- 0.65 years of age) with CPP was recruited.

Height and weight, bone age, LH, FSH, 17beta estradiol (E(2)), and ghrelin were measured before starting treatment with GnRH analog, 18 months after therapy began and again 6 months after therapy discontinuation.

RESULTS: LH and E(2) serum levels decreased significantly during treatment (2.45 +/- 2.03 vs 0.67 +/- 0.49 UI/l, P < 0.01 and 28.17 +/- 9.7 vs 15 pmol/l, P < 0.01 respectively), returning to baseline levels after the discontinuation of therapy (4.75 +/- 1.66 UI/l and 29.23 +/- 6.99 pmol/l respectively).

LH peaked following LHRH stimulation significantly (P < 0.01) decreased during treatment (24.45 +/- 14.17 vs 1.3 +/- 0.18 UI/l) and then increased after therapy discontinuation (12.58 +/- 6.09, P < 0.01).

Ghrelin decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during treatment (1849 +/- 322 vs 1207 +/- 637 pg/ml), and increased, though not significantly (P = 0.09) after therapy withdrawal (1567 +/- 629 pg/ml).

CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to what is expected in physiologic puberty, where ghrelin is progressively reduced, the prepubertal hormone milieau induced by GnRHa treatment in patients suffering from central precocious puberty (CPP) did not promote an increase in ghrelin circulating levels.

Therefore, in CPP, ghrelin secretion seems to be independent from pubertal development per se.

Concomitant estrogen suppression during treatment may play a potential role in the regulation of ghrelin secretion in these girls.

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(PMID = 17218731.001).

[ISSN] 0804-4643

[Journal-full-title] European journal of endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Endocrinol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ghrelin; 0 / Gonadal Steroid Hormones; 0 / Peptide Hormones; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone

   

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[Title] Lidocaine 5% patch: an open-label naturalistic chronic pain treatment trial and prediction of response.

OBJECTIVE: There have been a few open-label nonplacebo reports on the successful use of lidocaine 5% patch (L5P) for other types of pain besides postherpetic neuralgia, such as chronic low back pain.

The purpose of this report was to describe the results of a retrospective review of this open-label naturalistic L5P chronic pain treatment trial and to attempt to delineate predictors of perceived clinical response.

DESIGN: Consecutive CPPs were selected for this clinical trial according to the following inclusion criteria: the CPPs with pain greater than 6-month duration and either a hyperalgesic pain area or trigger point, which could be covered by one L5P, were offered a 3-day L5P naturalistic treatment trial.

The senior author also completed a baseline information tool on each CPP entering this naturalistic trial.

The apparent CPP perceived clinical improvement was not associated with any particular useful clinical indicator.

As such, at present, no variable can be recommended for use in selecting CPPs for such a naturalistic L5P clinical treatment trial.

[MeSH-major] Lidocaine / administration & dosage. Pain, Intractable / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Cutaneous. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage. Chronic Disease / drug therapy. Female. Humans. Logistic Models. Male. Middle Aged. Pain Clinics. Pain Measurement. Pain Threshold / drug effects. Pain Threshold / physiology. Predictive Value of Tests. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16634726.001).

[ISSN] 1526-2375

[Journal-full-title] Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Pain Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anesthetics, Local; 98PI200987 / Lidocaine

   

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[Title] Electroacupuncture treatment reverses morphine-induced physiological changes in dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area.

These transient morphological changes are accompanied by a reduced sensitivity of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) after chronic exposure to the drug.

In this study we examined alterations in the firing rate of DAergic neurons by means of extracellular recording following chronic morphine exposure and applied 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) treatment to reverse the reduced firing rate of these neurons.

In the first set of experiments we show that in rats, which received chronic morphine treatment for 14 days, a small dose of morphine was not able to induce a CPP response anymore.

However, the sensitivity to morphine was reinstated by consecutive EA treatment for 10 days.

Our findings suggest that 100 Hz EA is a potential therapy for the treatment of opiate addiction by normalizing the activity of VTA DA neurons.

[MeSH-major] Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology. Dopamine / metabolism. Electroacupuncture / methods. Morphine / pharmacology. Neurons / drug effects. Neurons / metabolism. Ventral Tegmental Area / drug effects. Ventral Tegmental Area / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Choice Behavior. Drug Administration Schedule. Male. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Substantia Nigra / drug effects. Substantia Nigra / metabolism

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(PMID = 19489751.001).

[ISSN] 1369-1600

[Journal-full-title] Addiction biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Addict Biol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Analgesics, Opioid; 76I7G6D29C / Morphine; VTD58H1Z2X / Dopamine

   

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In the present study, using the new highly selective Y5 receptor antagonist, CGP71683A, and agonist, [cPP]hPP, we show that the Y5 receptor subtype is centrally involved in NPY-induced suppression of spontaneous epileptiform (interictaform) bursting in the CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices.

This novel finding underscores the importance of Y5 receptors as a potential target for future antiepileptic therapy, particularly, for interictal components of temporal lobe epilepsy.

[MeSH-minor] Action Potentials / drug effects. Action Potentials / physiology. Animals. Anticonvulsants / pharmacology. Female. In Vitro Techniques. Magnesium Deficiency / metabolism. Male. Naphthalenes / pharmacology. Neurons / drug effects. Neurons / metabolism. Pyrimidines / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, Wistar

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(PMID = 15076765.001).

[ISSN] 0959-4965

[Journal-full-title] Neuroreport

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroreport

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticonvulsants; 0 / CGP 71683 A; 0 / Naphthalenes; 0 / Neuropeptide Y; 0 / Pyrimidines; 0 / Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; 0 / neuropeptide Y5 receptor

   

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Clozapine (CLZ) can improve both the positive and negative symptoms of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which does not respond to typical antipsychotics.

This suggests that elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism for CLZ could lead to further clarification of the pathophysiology of TRS.

This study examined the effects of CLZ on phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotion and on the acute increases in glutamate levels that occur in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in order to test the hypothesis that CLZ effect is associated with the simultaneous enhancement of N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D(1) receptor-mediated neurotransmission.

CLZ also blocked, in a dose-related manner, acute increases in glutamate levels in the mPFC that were induced by local perfusion with a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, CPP, in this region.

Although an enhanced blocking effect of the sub-threshold concentration of NMDA perfusion on PCP-induced acute increases in glutamate levels in the mPFC was noted after co-perfusion with a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist, SKF-38393, perfusion with SKF-38393 did not reverse the CLZ blocking of PCP-induced increases in glutamate levels.

[MeSH-major] Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Clozapine / pharmacology. Glutamic Acid / metabolism. Receptors, Dopamine D1 / drug effects. Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / drug effects

[MeSH-minor] Analysis of Variance. Animals. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Drug Resistance. Haloperidol / pharmacology. Humans. Male. Microdialysis. Motor Activity / drug effects. Phencyclidine. Prefrontal Cortex / metabolism. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Schizophrenia / drug therapy. Schizophrenia / physiopathology

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(PMID = 17103144.001).

[ISSN] 0028-1298

[Journal-full-title] Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antipsychotic Agents; 0 / Receptors, Dopamine D1; 0 / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid; J1DOI7UV76 / Phencyclidine; J60AR2IKIC / Clozapine; J6292F8L3D / Haloperidol

   

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However, a minority may develop aberrant drug behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the evidence of published strategies for identifying at-risk patients to guide clinicians' decisions and practices for prescribing opioid treatment for chronic pain patients (CPP).

Studies were limited to human studies in the English language related to screening for predictors of aberrant drug behaviors in CPP who were prescribed long-term opioids.

We included studies reviewing, developing measures, or investigating outcomes related to screening for aberrant opioid behaviors in CPP.

RESULTS: We identified 6 published articles addressing clinician-based predictors of substance misuse of opioids and 9 published studies evaluating the predictive ability of clinical interviews and self-report measures for aberrant opioid behaviors in CPP.

CONCLUSION: Review of the published studies reveals that no one procedure or set of predictor variables is sufficient to identify CPP at-risk for opioid misuse or abuse.

Strong predictors include a personal history of illicit drug and alcohol abuse.

Prospective studies, especially ones with CPP who have not already been started on chronic opioid therapy, are needed.

[MeSH-major] Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects. Opioid-Related Disorders / etiology. Pain / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Chronic Disease. Humans. MEDLINE / statistics & numerical data. Predictive Value of Tests

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(PMID = 18574359.001).

[ISSN] 1536-5409

[Journal-full-title] The Clinical journal of pain

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin J Pain

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / 5K23GM071400-03

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Analgesics, Opioid

[Number-of-references] 64

   

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Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to demonstrate elevated estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral flow index (CFI) in a preeclamptic patient.

She subsequently developed eclampsia.

After magnesium sulfate therapy her CPP and CFI were within the normal range and she did not experience further seizures.

This finding suggests that cerebral overperfusion may be at least one of the etiologies involved in the pathogenesis of eclampsia.

[MeSH-major] Intracranial Hypertension / ultrasonography. Pre-Eclampsia / ultrasonography. Pregnancy Outcome. Seizures / diagnosis. Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Blood Flow Velocity. Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology. Eclampsia / diagnosis. Eclampsia / drug therapy. Female. Humans. Magnesium Sulfate / therapeutic use. Parity. Predictive Value of Tests. Pregnancy. Pregnancy Trimester, Third. Risk Assessment

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(PMID = 16036391.001).

[ISSN] 1064-1955

[Journal-full-title] Hypertension in pregnancy

[ISO-abbreviation] Hypertens Pregnancy

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 7487-88-9 / Magnesium Sulfate

   

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[Title] Evidence of therapeutic efficacy of CCNU in recurrent choroid plexus papilloma.

A pregnant 33-year old woman developed nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia.

A tumor in the roof of the fourth ventricle was diagnosed.

The tumor was subtotally removed using microneurosurgical techniques.

The histopathological diagnosis was choroid plexus papilloma (CPP).

Twenty-one months later, the tumor recurred and was reoperated.

Histologically the tumor displayed now increased mitotic activity and pleomorphism.

Radiation therapy of the neuroaxis was performed.

Within 59 months, the CPP recurred 3 more times with neuroradiological evidence of extensive spinal seeding.

After several palliative irradiations, including 2 gamma-knife boosts, the patient was referred to chemotherapy.

The course of disease in our patient provides evidence for therapeutic efficacy of CCNU in recurrent CPP.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Lomustine / therapeutic use. Papilloma / drug therapy. Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Neoplasm Seeding. Pregnancy. Reoperation

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(PMID = 11212906.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

[Number-of-references] 30

   

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[Title] Building a better fluid for emergency resuscitation of traumatic brain injury.

Three series of experiments were designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of HEX+/-ATL-146e for emergency resuscitation from traumatic brain injury (TBI) + hemorrhagic hypotension.

In Series 1, resuscitation consisted of unlimited crystalloid (n = 8) or HEX (n = 8) to correct systolic arterial pressure >100 mm Hg and heart rate <100 bpm for the first 60 minutes ("emergency phase"), and then maintain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) > 70 mm Hg for 60-240 minutes.

In Series 2 (n = 31), resuscitation consisted of a 1 L bolus of HEX + ATL-146e (10 ng/kg/min, n = 10) or HEX +placebo (n = 10) followed by crystalloid to the same endpoints.

Upon resuscitation, these values corrected but intracranial pressure progressively rose from <5 mm Hg to 15-20 mm Hg.

Series 1: With HEX (n = 8) versus crystalloid (n = 8), CPP was less labile, acid/base was maintained, and the fluid requirement was reduced by 60% (all p < 0.05) Series 2: With ATL-146e (n = 10) versus placebo (n = 10), stroke volume and cardiac output were improved by 40-60%, and the fluid requirement was reduced by 30% (all p < 0.05).

An adenosine A2A agonist combined with 1 L of HEX safely and effectively counteracted a decrease in cardiac performance noted after TBI+hemorrhage without causing hypotension or bradycardia.

[MeSH-major] Brain Injuries / therapy. Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / therapeutic use. Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / therapeutic use. Plasma Substitutes / therapeutic use. Purines / therapeutic use. Resuscitation / methods

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Blood Pressure / drug effects. Cardiac Output / drug effects. Female. Male. Shock, Hemorrhagic / therapy. Stroke Volume / drug effects. Swine

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(PMID = 15454801.001).

[ISSN] 0022-5282

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of trauma

[ISO-abbreviation] J Trauma

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ATL 146e; 0 / Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; 0 / Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; 0 / Plasma Substitutes; 0 / Purines

   

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Cell penetrating peptides (CPP), also named protein transduction domains, comprise short and usually basic amino acids-rich peptides originating from proteins able to cross biological barriers, such as the viral Tat protein, or are rationally designed.

They have emerged as a new class of non-viral vectors allowing the delivery of various biomolecules across biological barriers from low molecular weight drugs to nanosized particles.

Encouraging data with CPP-conjugated oligonucleotides have been obtained both in vitro and in vivo in animal models of diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Whether CPP-cargo conjugates enter cells by direct translocation across the plasma membrane or by endocytosis remains controversial.

[MeSH-major] Cells / metabolism. Drug Delivery Systems. Oligonucleotides / administration & dosage. Peptides / pharmacokinetics

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Membrane Permeability / drug effects. Gene Transfer Techniques. Humans. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / therapy

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(PMID = 19898741.001).

[ISSN] 1420-9071

[Journal-full-title] Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U105178803

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Oligonucleotides; 0 / Peptides

[Number-of-references] 99

   

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The capsid domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein is a critical determinant of virus assembly, and is therefore a potential target for developing drugs for AIDS therapy.

Using this structural information, we have utilized a structure-based rational design approach to stabilize the alpha-helical structure of CAI and convert it to a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP).

This proof-of-concept cell-penetrating peptide may aid validation of capsid as an anti-HIV-1 drug target and may help in designing peptidomimetics and small molecule drugs targeted to this protein.

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(PMID = 18374356.001).

[ISSN] 1089-8638

[Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Biol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 BC010778-01; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / P41 GM066354-05; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM-66354; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / P41 GM066354; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / P41 GM066354-01; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM066354-01

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-HIV Agents; 0 / Gene Products, gag; 0 / NYAD-1 peptide; 0 / Peptides; 0 / Peptides, Cyclic

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS76587; NLM/ PMC2695608

   

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[Title] Natriuretic peptide receptor-C regulates coronary blood flow and prevents myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: novel cardioprotective role for endothelium-derived C-type natriuretic peptide.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury complicates myocardial infarction and stroke by exacerbating tissue damage and increasing risk of mortality.

We have recently identified C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the mesenteric resistance vasculature and described a novel signaling pathway involving activation of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of local blood flow.

METHODS AND RESULTS: CNP and (Cys18)-atrial natriuretic factor (4-23) amide (cANF(4-23)) elicited dose-dependent decreases in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) that were blocked by Ba(2+) and ouabain in the isolated Langendorff rat heart.

CNP and cANF(4-23) reduced infarct size after 25 minutes of global ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion, maintaining CPP and left ventricular pressure at preischemic values.

Moreover, this newly defined pathway represents a protective mechanism against I/R injury and a novel target for therapeutic intervention in ischemic cardiovascular disorders.

[MeSH-major] Coronary Circulation / drug effects. Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / physiology. Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / physiology

[MeSH-minor] Acetylcholine / pharmacology. Animals. Atrial Natriuretic Factor / pharmacology. Atrial Natriuretic Factor / therapeutic use. Barium / pharmacology. Drug Evaluation, Preclinical. Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects. Endothelium, Vascular / secretion. Male. Myocardial Infarction / drug therapy. Myocardial Infarction / pathology. Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control. NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / pharmacology. Nitric Oxide / physiology. Ouabain / pharmacology. Peptide Fragments / pharmacology. Peptide Fragments / therapeutic use. Rats. Rats, Wistar. Signal Transduction. Vasodilation / drug effects. Vasodilator Agents / pharmacology. Vasodilator Agents / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 15337698.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4539

[Journal-full-title] Circulation

[ISO-abbreviation] Circulation

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Peptide Fragments; 0 / Vasodilator Agents; 111863-73-1 / atrial natriuretic factor (4-23)NH2, de-Gln(18)-de-Ser(19)-de-Gly(20,22)-de-Leu(21)-; 127869-51-6 / Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; 24GP945V5T / Barium; 31C4KY9ESH / Nitric Oxide; 5ACL011P69 / Ouabain; 85637-73-6 / Atrial Natriuretic Factor; EC 4.6.1.2 / Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; EC 4.6.1.2 / atrial natriuretic factor receptor C; N9YNS0M02X / Acetylcholine; V55S2QJN2X / NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester

   

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[Title] The nociceptin/orphanin FQ/NOP receptor system as a target for treatment of alcohol abuse: a review of recent work in alcohol-preferring rats.

Studies aimed at the pharmacological characterization of the receptor, which mediates the effect, have shown that the C-terminal 13 amino acid sequence is crucial for activity and that the selective NOP receptor antagonist [Nphe(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) blocks the effect of N/OFQ on ethanol drinking.

In place conditioning studies, N/OFQ abolishes the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by ethanol in msP rats, or by morphine in nonselected Wistar rats; these findings suggest that N/OFQ is able to abolish the rewarding properties of ethanol and morphine.

Together, these findings suggest that N/OFQ and its receptor may represent an interesting target for pharmacological treatment of alcohol abuse.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Association Learning / drug effects. Association Learning / physiology. Conditioning, Classical / drug effects. Conditioning, Classical / physiology. Ethanol / pharmacology. Humans. Injections, Intraventricular. Mice. Morphine / pharmacology. Morphine Dependence / physiopathology. Motivation. Rats. Social Environment. Stress, Psychological / complications. Ventral Tegmental Area / drug effects. Ventral Tegmental Area / physiopathology

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(PMID = 12818717.001).

[ISSN] 0031-9384

[Journal-full-title] Physiology & behavior

[ISO-abbreviation] Physiol. Behav.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Alcohol Deterrents; 0 / Opioid Peptides; 0 / Peptide Fragments; 0 / Receptors, Opioid; 0 / nociceptin orphanin FQ(1-17)OH; 0 / nociceptin receptor; 3K9958V90M / Ethanol; 76I7G6D29C / Morphine

   

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We present a novel CPP, M918, that efficiently translocates various cells in a non-toxic fashion.

Our data demonstrate that M918 is a novel CPP that can be used to translocate different cargoes inside various cells efficiently.

[MeSH-minor] Amino Acid Sequence. Endocytosis. Glycosaminoglycans / metabolism. HeLa Cells. Humans. Molecular Sequence Data. RNA Splicing / drug effects

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(PMID = 17622242.001).

[ISSN] 1525-0016

[Journal-full-title] Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Ther.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glycosaminoglycans; 0 / Peptide Nucleic Acids; 0 / Proteins

   

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At the same time, the animals of two groups received normal saline at the speed of 10 ml * kg(-1) * h(-1).

RESULTS: The heart rate (HR), MAP, cardiac output (CO) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) were obviously higher, while the oxygen extraction ratio was lower in the HT group than in the NP group.

[MeSH-major] Heart Arrest / therapy. Hypertension / chemically induced. Liver / drug effects. Norepinephrine / pharmacology

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Disease Models, Animal. Female. Hemodynamics / drug effects. Male. Swine. Ventricular Fibrillation / pathology. Ventricular Fibrillation / physiopathology. Ventricular Fibrillation / therapy

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(PMID = 20170612.001).

[ISSN] 1003-0603

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue = Chinese critical care medicine = Zhongguo weizhongbing jijiuyixue

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

   

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[Title] Design, synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation of highly potent benzimidazole-spaced phosphono-alpha-amino acid competitive NMDA antagonists of the AP-6 type.

A series of 2-amino-(phosphonoalkyl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-alkanoic acids was synthesized and evaluated for NMDA receptor affinity using a [3H]CPP binding assay.

Several compounds of the AP-6 type demonstrated potent and selective NMDA antagonistic activity both in vitro and in vivo.

In particular, [R(-)]-2-amino-3-(5-chloro-1-phosphonomethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-propionic acid (1) displayed an IC(50) value of 7.1 nM in the [3H]CPP binding assay and an ED(50) value of 0.13 mg/kg (ip) in the NMDA lethality model.

Compound 1, when administered intravenously as a single bolus dose of 3 mg/kg following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat, reduced the volume of infarcted brain tissue by 45%.

These results support a promising therapeutic potential for compound 1 as a neuroprotective agent.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Arterial Occlusive Diseases / complications. Binding, Competitive. Brain / metabolism. Brain / pathology. Carotid Artery Diseases / complications. Drug Evaluation, Preclinical. In Vitro Techniques. Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / drug therapy. Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / etiology. Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / pathology. Male. Mice. Models, Molecular. Organophosphonates. Radioligand Assay. Rats. Rats, Inbred F344. Stereoisomerism

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(PMID = 11334562.001).

[ISSN] 0022-2623

[Journal-full-title] Journal of medicinal chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Med. Chem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / 2-amino-3-(5-chloro-1-phosphonomethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)propionic acid; 0 / Benzimidazoles; 0 / Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; 0 / Neuroprotective Agents; 0 / Organophosphonates; 0 / Propionates; 0 / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

   

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[Title] Comparison of moderate hyperventilation and mannitol for control of intracranial pressure control in patients with severe traumatic brain injury--a study of cerebral blood flow and metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the respective effects of established measures used for management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen (CMRO2), glucose (CMRGlc) and lactate (CMRLct).

METHODS: Thirty-six patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) were prospectively evaluated.

Intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure (ICP, CPP), CBF and arterial jugular differences in oxygen, glucose and lactate contents were measured for calculation of CMRO2, CMRGlc and CMRLct.

[MeSH-major] Brain Edema / therapy. Brain Injuries / complications. Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Hyperventilation / metabolism. Intracranial Hypertension / therapy. Mannitol / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Brain Ischemia / etiology. Brain Ischemia / physiopathology. Brain Ischemia / therapy. Cerebral Cortex / drug effects. Cerebral Cortex / metabolism. Cerebral Cortex / physiopathology. Diuretics, Osmotic / therapeutic use. Female. Glucose / metabolism. Glycolysis / drug effects. Glycolysis / physiology. Humans. Lactic Acid / metabolism. Male. Middle Aged. Oxygen Consumption / drug effects. Prospective Studies. Respiration, Artificial / adverse effects. Respiration, Artificial / standards. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16763735.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6268

[Journal-full-title] Acta neurochirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neurochir (Wien)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Austria

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Diuretics, Osmotic; 33X04XA5AT / Lactic Acid; 3OWL53L36A / Mannitol; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of circadian gene Period1 on drug dependence.

Conditional place preference (CPP) paradigm used to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of pcDNA 3.1-per1RZ on drug reward in BALB/C mice.

CPP test displayed the block of drug reward in pcDNA 3.1-per1RZ ICV injection group.

Period1 expression in brain was attenuated of pcDNA 3.1-per1RZ ICV injection group demonstrated by western blot.

CONCLUSION: Interfere the Period1 expression in brain could attenuate the psychological dependence of drug in mammals.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm / genetics. Morphine / pharmacology. Morphine Dependence / drug therapy. Nuclear Proteins / pharmacology. Substance-Related Disorders / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Behavior, Animal / physiology. Cell Cycle Proteins. Disease Models, Animal. Genetic Therapy. Mice. Mice, Inbred BALB C. Period Circadian Proteins. RNA, Messenger / metabolism

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(PMID = 15926241.001).

[ISSN] 1002-0837

[Journal-full-title] Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering

[ISO-abbreviation] Space Med Med Eng (Beijing)

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Per1 protein, mouse; 0 / Period Circadian Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 76I7G6D29C / Morphine

[Other-IDs] NASA/ 00031288

   

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[Title] Evaluation of proliferative index and cell cycle protein expression in choroid plexus tumors in children.

Choroid plexus tumors are papillary neoplasms originating from the epithelium of the choroid plexus within the cerebral ventricles.

Accordingly, we performed a clinicopathological correlation study of neoplasms arising from the choroid plexus in children using immunohistochemistry to characterize both their proliferative potential and their degree of cell cycle dysregulation when compared to non-neoplastic choroid epithelium.

Twelve children with choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) and 11 with choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) were identified from the time period 1982-1997.

The outcome and survival of these children following treatment was determined from the medical record.

Immunohistochemical studies were performed on CPPs and CPCs in this patient population and on non-neoplastic choroid epithelium using antibodies to MIB-1, p53, cyclin E, retinoblastoma protein (pRB), p107, and E2F-1.

In 5 children with CPCs, tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemistry at a second surgery after cycles of chemotherapy had been given.

The mean survival for patients with CPPs was 8.5 years, and with CPCs 5.2 years with a minimum follow-up of 4 years for the group.

The expression of cell cycle markers and MIB-1 was greater in CPCs than in CPPs or normal choroid plexus.

The expression of MIB-1, p53, pRB, and E2F-1 was significantly lower in patients with CPCs after chemotherapy than before.

The MIB-1 labeling index for CPC patients who are alive and well after treatments was 15.19+/-3.2 compared to 22.63+/-3.04 for patients who have died from their disease (P<0.05).

Chemotherapy may work in part on CPCs to decrease their proliferative potential and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins.

[MeSH-major] Cell Cycle Proteins / analysis. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / chemistry. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / pathology. DNA-Binding Proteins. Papilloma, Choroid Plexus / chemistry. Papilloma, Choroid Plexus / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Antigens, Nuclear. Cell Division. Child. Child, Preschool. Cyclin E / analysis. E2F Transcription Factors. E2F1 Transcription Factor. Female. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / analysis. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Infant. Ki-67 Antigen. Male. Nuclear Proteins / analysis. Retinoblastoma Protein / analysis. Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107. Survival Analysis. Synaptophysin / analysis. Transcription Factors / analysis. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / analysis

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(PMID = 11837741.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6322

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Nuclear; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Cyclin E; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / E2F Transcription Factors; 0 / E2F1 Transcription Factor; 0 / E2F1 protein, human; 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / RBL1 protein, human; 0 / Retinoblastoma Protein; 0 / Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; 0 / Synaptophysin; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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Donepezil, a choline esterase inhibitor, has been widely used as a medicine for Alzheimer's disease.

Recently, a study showed that donepezil inhibited addictive behaviors induced by cocaine, including cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization to cocaine.

In counterbalanced CPP tests, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 3 mg/kg donepezil prior to 2 mg/kg METH i.p. failed to inhibit METH CPP, whereas pretreatment with 3 mg/kg donepezil abolished the CPP for cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.).

[MeSH-minor] Amphetamine-Related Disorders / drug therapy. Animals. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Cocaine-Related Disorders / drug therapy. Conditioning (Psychology). Male. Mice. Mice, Inbred C57BL. Motor Activity / drug effects

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(PMID = 17105940.001).

[ISSN] 0077-8923

[Journal-full-title] Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Indans; 0 / Piperidines; 8SSC91326P / donepezil

   

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(b) to elucidate the relationships between pyrexia and neurological severity, length of stay in the ICU, intracranial hypertension, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP); and (c) to describe the effects of antipyretic therapy on temperature, intracranial pressure (ICP) and CPP.

PATIENTS: 110 patients with traumatic brain injury.

Various antipyretic therapies were used in 66 patients.

Pharmacological treatment was slightly effective (mean temperature reduction 0.58+/-0.7 degrees C) but caused a significant drop in CPP (6.5+/-12.5 mmHg).

Its incidence is higher in more severe cases and is correlated with a longer ICU stay.

It may affect ICP, but its contribution is difficult to assess when other major causes of increased intracranial volume are present.

Antipyretic therapy is poorly effective for controlling body temperature and may be deleterious for CPP.

[MeSH-major] Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / therapeutic use. Craniocerebral Trauma / complications. Fever / drug therapy. Fever / etiology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Chi-Square Distribution. Female. Humans. Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data. Intracranial Pressure. Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data. Logistic Models. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Risk Factors. Statistics, Nonparametric

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(PMID = 12415441.001).

[ISSN] 0342-4642

[Journal-full-title] Intensive care medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Intensive Care Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

   

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We also evaluated whether AM404 might influence motivation (in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test), sensory reactivity (acoustic startle reflex) and sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex).

In the CPP test, AM404 (1.25-10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) elicited rewarding effects in rats housed under enriched conditions, but not in rats kept in standard cages.

These results support a role of anandamide in the regulation of emotion and point to the anandamide transport system as a potential target for anxiolytic drugs.

[MeSH-major] Anxiety Disorders / drug therapy. Arachidonic Acids / metabolism. Arachidonic Acids / pharmacology. Brain / drug effects. Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / metabolism. Carrier Proteins / drug effects. Polyunsaturated Alkamides / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Animals, Newborn. Anti-Anxiety Agents / pharmacology. Anxiety, Separation / drug therapy. Anxiety, Separation / metabolism. Anxiety, Separation / physiopathology. Behavior, Animal / drug effects. Behavior, Animal / physiology. Disease Models, Animal. Endocannabinoids. Male. Maze Learning / drug effects. Maze Learning / physiology. Neural Inhibition / drug effects. Neural Inhibition / physiology. Piperidines / pharmacology. Pyrazoles / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Rats, Wistar. Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / agonists. Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / antagonists & inhibitors. Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / metabolism. Reflex, Startle / drug effects. Reflex, Startle / physiology

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(PMID = 16541083.001).

[ISSN] 0893-133X

[Journal-full-title] Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropsychopharmacology

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / DA-12447; United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / DA-3412

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Anxiety Agents; 0 / Arachidonic Acids; 0 / Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Endocannabinoids; 0 / N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide; 0 / Piperidines; 0 / Polyunsaturated Alkamides; 0 / Pyrazoles; 0 / Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; 158681-13-1 / rimonabant; 94421-68-8 / anandamide

   

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[Title] Chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with choroid plexus carcinoma: a meta-analysis of individual cases with choroid plexus tumors.

BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are rare brain tumors with a dismal prognosis.

Although the role of surgery has been well established, the question of whether chemotherapy improves the prognosis is still under discussion.

METHODS: We created a database of all cases of choroid plexus tumors (CPT) reported in the literature up to the year 2004 to determine prognostic factors and different therapeutic modalities.

RESULTS: Of 857 documented cases of CPT (median patient age at diagnosis, 3 years), 347 were CPC, 15 atypical choroid plexus papilloma (APP), and 495 choroid plexus papilloma (CPP).

The 104 CPC patients who received chemotherapy had a statistically better survival than those without chemotherapy (P = .0004).

When subgroups were defined by radiation treatment, chemotherapy remained beneficial in the subgroup of nonirradiated tumors (P = .0001).

The benefit of chemotherapy was also significant when the analysis was restricted to the subgroup of patients with less than completely resected CPC (2-year overall survival (OS) 54.8 +/- 7% (standard deviation (SD) vs. 24.4 +/- 7%, P < .0001) and when this subgroup was further divided into smaller subgroups.

Likewise, in a multivariate analysis, chemotherapy was highly significantly linked to better prognosis (P = .0001).

CONCLUSION: Patients with less than completely resected CPC should receive chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Carcinoma / drug therapy. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Child. Child, Preschool. Combined Modality Therapy. Databases, Bibliographic. Databases, Factual. Female. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17576522.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Meta-Analysis

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

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Since the questions concerning "neuroprotective therapy" were linked to a general survey on clinical neuroanesthesia performed by the scientific neuroanesthesia working group of the DGAI, the only departments that were assessed were those which had participated in an earlier study on neuroanesthesia in 1991.

Therapy varied considerably between departments.

Following head trauma 69% of injured patients were managed with enhanced cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) within the range of 70-90 mmHg.

If necessary, CPP increase was induced by vasopressors (exogenous supply of catecholamines in 100% of instances) and the administration of fluids (97% of instances).

The most commonly used therapeutic approaches to treat intracranial hypertension were mannitol (95% of instances), hyperventilation (91% of instances), cerebrospinal fluid drainage (89% of instances), and barbiturates (86% of instances).

Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane was administered in almost 49%, mild hypothermia in 37%, and hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions in 28% of patients treated for an increase in intracranial pressure.

Following intracranial aneurysm surgery "triple-H" therapy was used in 74% of patients, applied as hemodilution in 94% and as hypervolemia and hypertension in 87% of instances.

It was used in 83% of patients during perioperative care and in 52% of patients during intensive care therapy.

Specific neuroprotective drugs were applied in 68% of departments, with barbiturates (38% of instances), nimodipine (23% of instances), and corticosteroids (10% of instances) as the main agents named.

These brain-protective medications were administered especially in intracranial hypertension in 30%, in intracranial aneurysms in 21%, and in subarachnoid hemorrhages subsequent to head trauma in 18% of instances described.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective therapy administered in anesthesiological departments in Germany is not yet standardized, i.e., there is a wide variation.

[MeSH-minor] Blood Pressure / physiology. Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology. Craniocerebral Trauma / surgery. Data Collection. Germany. Humans. Hypothermia, Induced. Intracranial Aneurysm / surgery. Intracranial Hypertension / prevention & control. Intracranial Hypertension / therapy. Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use. Respiration, Artificial. Surveys and Questionnaires

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(PMID = 10883355.001).

[ISSN] 0003-2417

[Journal-full-title] Der Anaesthesist

[ISO-abbreviation] Anaesthesist

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] GERMANY

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Neuroprotective Agents

   

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[Title] Enhancement of cerebral blood flow using systemic hypertonic saline therapy improves outcome in patients with poor-grade spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

METHODS: Thirty-five patients with poor-grade spontaneous SAH received 2 ml/kg 23.5% hypertonic saline intravenously, and they underwent bedside transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring.

Seventeen of them underwent Xe-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning for measuring CBF.

RESULTS: The authors observed a maximum increase in blood pressure by 10.3% (p < 0.05) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) by 21.2% (p < 0.01) at 30 minutes, followed by a maximum decrease in ICP by 93.1% (p < 0.01) at 60 minutes.

Changes in ICP and CPP persisted for longer than 180 and 90 minutes, respectively.

A dose-dependent effect of CBF increments on favorable outcome was seen on Xe-CT scans (mRS Score 1-3, odds ratio 1.27 per 1 ml/100 g tissue x min, p = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS: Bolus systemic hypertonic saline therapy may be used for reversal of cerebral ischemia to normal perfusion in patients with poor-grade SAH.

[MeSH-major] Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Homeostasis / drug effects. Saline Solution, Hypertonic / administration & dosage. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / physiopathology. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Blood Flow Velocity / drug effects. Blood Pressure / drug effects. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Injections, Intravenous. Intracranial Pressure / drug effects. Male. Middle Aged. Treatment Outcome

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[CommentIn] J Neurosurg. 2008 Mar;108(3):632; author reply 632-3 [18312116.001]

(PMID = 17695380.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / G0001237; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / G0600986; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / G9439390

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Saline Solution, Hypertonic

   

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[Title] Hypertonic saline more efficacious than mannitol in lethal intracranial hypertension model.

BACKGROUND: Medical management of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a crucial challenge in neurosurgical practice.

Depending on the cause, the treatments for brain edema fall into three categories: stabilization of the blood-brain barrier, depletion of brain water and surgical decompression.

Although mannitol is the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, hypertonic saline (HS) is emerging as an effective alternative to traditional osmotic agents.

METHODS: Experimental elevated ICP (50 mmHg) was induced in rabbits using an intracranial balloon.

During 90 minutes, continuous recording of ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was realized.

There was statistical difference between mannitol and HS; the 10% NaCl group had lower values of ICP (p=0.0116) and higher values of MAP (p<0.0001) and CPP (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate higher efficacy of the 10% NaCl treatment in this comparison with 20% mannitol.

Further efforts should be directed toward development of clinical studies using iso-osmotic doses of mannitol and HS in specific etiologies of intracranial hypertension.

[MeSH-major] Disease Models, Animal. Intracranial Hypertension / drug therapy. Mannitol / therapeutic use. Saline Solution, Hypertonic / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Intracranial Pressure / drug effects. Intracranial Pressure / physiology. Male. Rabbits. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 19309542.001).

[ISSN] 1743-1328

[Journal-full-title] Neurological research

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Saline Solution, Hypertonic; 3OWL53L36A / Mannitol

   

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OBJECTIVE: Amitriptyline, one of the most prescribed antidepressants, is reported to claim a large number of human lives due to drug overdose related cardiac arrest.

Vesicles bearing an internal pH of 3.0 or 7.4 were then infused into amitriptyline pre-intoxicated isolated rat hearts, and changes in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt max) and heart rate were monitored.

RESULTS: Based on the recoveries in CPP observed, the efficacies of the formulations were ranked as follows: control=pH 7.4-spherulites<pH 3.0-spherulites; whereas the ranking for the recoveries in heart rate was: control<pH 7.4-spherulites<pH 3.0-spherulites.

The significantly faster and higher recoveries in pH 3.0- vs. 7.4-spherulite-treated hearts demonstrated the importance of pH-gradient formulation for efficient extraction of tissue-bound amitriptyline.

CONCLUSION: These data suggest that spherulites have a protective effect against acute cardiovascular failure following intoxication with amitriptyline and possibly other cardiotoxic drugs.

[MeSH-major] Amitriptyline / toxicity. Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / toxicity. Heart Arrest / chemically induced. Heart Arrest / therapy. Lipids / administration & dosage

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Heart / drug effects. Lipid Metabolism. Male. Nanoparticles. Perfusion. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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(PMID = 17359955.001).

[ISSN] 0008-6363

[Journal-full-title] Cardiovascular research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cardiovasc. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; 0 / Lipids; 1806D8D52K / Amitriptyline

   

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Benztropine (BZT) analogs, a family of high-affinity dopamine transporter ligands, are molecules that exhibit pharmacological and behavioral characteristics predictive of significant therapeutic potential in cocaine addiction.

Here, we examined in mice the effects of 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane (AHN-1055) on motor activity, conditioned place preference (CPP) and c-Fos expression in the striatum.

Interaction assays showed that cocaine's ability to stimulate locomotor activity was decreased by AHN-1055 treatment, but not by treatment with D-amphetamine.

Remarkably, the BZT analog dose-dependently blocked cocaine-induced CPP without producing CPP when given alone, and blocked in conditioned mice cocaine-stimulated early-gene activation in the nucleus accumbens and dorsomedial striatum.

These observations provide evidence that AHN-1055 does not behave as a classical psychomotor stimulant and that some of its properties, including attenuation of cocaine-induced striatal c-Fos expression, locomotor stimulation, and CPP, support its candidacy, and that of structurally related molecules, as possible pharmacotherapies in cocaine addiction.

[MeSH-major] Benztropine / analogs & derivatives. Cocaine-Related Disorders / drug therapy. Conditioning, Classical / drug effects. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacology. Gene Expression / drug effects. Motor Activity / drug effects

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Brain / drug effects. Brain / metabolism. Cocaine / pharmacology. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Male. Mice. Nomifensine / pharmacology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / metabolism. Reward. Space Perception / drug effects. Stereotyped Behavior / drug effects

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(PMID = 19606084.001).

[ISSN] 1740-634X

[Journal-full-title] Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropsychopharmacology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; 0 / N-methyl-3-(bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy)tropane; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; 1LGS5JRP31 / Nomifensine; 1NHL2J4X8K / Benztropine; I5Y540LHVR / Cocaine

   

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[Title] High-resolution flow cytometry: a suitable tool for monitoring aneuploid prostate cancer cells after TMZ and TMZ-BioShuttle treatment.

If metastatic prostate cancer gets resistant to antiandrogen therapy, there are few treatment options, because prostate cancer is not very sensitive to cytostatic agents.

Temozolomide (TMZ) as an orally applicable chemotherapeutic substance has been proven to be effective and well tolerated with occasional moderate toxicity especially for brain tumors and an application to prostate cancer cells seemed to be promising.

Unfortunately, TMZ was inefficient in the treatment of symptomatic progressive hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).

The reasons could be a low sensitivity against TMZ the short plasma half-life of TMZ, non-adapted application regimens and additionally, the aneuploid DNA content of prostate cancer cells suggesting different sensitivity against therapeutical interventions e.g. radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

The modular-composed carrier consists of a transmembrane transporter (CPP), connected to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) cleavably-bound, which in turn was coupled with TMZ.

The NLS-sequence allows an active delivery of the TMZ into the cell nucleus after transmembrane passage of the TMZ-BioShuttle and intra-cytoplasm enzymatic cleavage and separation from the CPP.

This TMZ-BioShuttle could contribute to improve therapeutic options exemplified by the hormone refractory prostate cancer.

The high-resolution flow cytometric analysis showed to be an appropriate system for a better detection and distinction of several cell populations dependent on their different DNA-indices as well as changes in proliferation of cell populations after chemotherapeutical treatment.

[MeSH-major] Aneuploidy. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / administration & dosage. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Drug Monitoring / methods. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm. Flow Cytometry / methods. Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. DNA, Neoplasm / analysis. Drug Delivery Systems. Humans. Male

Genetic Alliance. consumer health - Prostate cancer.

MedlinePlus Health Information. consumer health - Prostate Cancer.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. DACARBAZINE .

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(PMID = 19946604.001).

[ISSN] 1449-1907

[Journal-full-title] International journal of medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Med Sci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2781174

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Flow Cytometry / Prostate Cancer Cells / TMZ-BioShuttle