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1
benign tumor of the pituitary 2005:2010[pubdate] *count=100
1533 results
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benign tumor of the pituitary
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Items 1 to 100 of about 1533
1.
Metz DC, Jensen RT:
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: pancreatic endocrine tumors.
Gastroenterology
; 2008 Nov;135(5):1469-92
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[Title]
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine
tumors
: pancreatic endocrine
tumors
.
Pancreatic endocrine
tumors
(PETs) have long fascinated clinicians and investigators despite their relative rarity.
Their clinical presentation varies depending on whether
the tumor
is functional or not, and also according to the specific hormonal syndrome produced.
Tumors
may be sporadic or inherited, but little is known about their molecular pathology, especially the sporadic forms.
Chromogranin A appears to be the most useful serum marker for
diagnosis
, staging, and monitoring.
Most PETs are relatively indolent but ultimately malignant, except for insulinomas, which predominantly are
benign
.
Surgery is the only modality that offers the possibility of cure, although it generally is noncurative in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or nonfunctional PETs with multiple endocrine
neoplasia
-type 1.
Preoperative staging of disease extent is necessary to determine the likelihood of complete resection although debulking surgery often is believed to be useful in patients with unresectable
tumors
.
Systemic or regional therapies generally are reserved until symptoms occur or
tumor
growth is rapid.
This review addresses a number of recent advances regarding the molecular pathology,
diagnosis
, localization, and management of PETs including discussion of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy and other novel antitumor approaches.
[MeSH-major]
Pancreatic
Neoplasms
[MeSH-minor]
Combined Modality Therapy / methods.
Diagnosis
, Differential. Diagnostic Imaging / methods. Global Health. Humans. Morbidity. Survival Rate
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - Pancreatic Cancer
.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program
.
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(PMID = 18703061.001).
[ISSN]
1528-0012
[Journal-full-title]
Gastroenterology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gastroenterology
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 DK053200-16; United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 DK053215-01
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Number-of-references]
308
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS78368; NLM/ PMC2612755
2.
Yamamoto A, Tanaka H, Ishida T, Horiike K:
D-aspartate oxidase localisation in pituitary and pineal glands of the female pig.
J Neuroendocrinol
; 2010 Nov;22(11):1165-72
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[Title]
D-aspartate oxidase localisation in
pituitary
and pineal glands of the female pig.
Because only D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) can degrade D-aspartate, we determined DDO localisation in
the pituitary
and pineal glands to elucidate the control mechanisms of local D-aspartate concentration.
Brain tissues and
pituitary
and pineal glands of the female pigs contained a similar DDO activity of 0.38-0.66 U/g protein.
We used dual-label immunocytochemistry to determine which
pituitary
hormones colocalise with DDO, and whether DDO and D-aspartate immunoreactivity is reciprocal.
In
the pituitary
gland
, almost all proopiomelanocortin-positive cells colocalised DDO, whereas only growth hormone-positive cells colocalised D-aspartate.
The present study suggests that DDO plays important roles to prevent undesirable off-target action of D-aspartate by strictly controlling local D-aspartate concentration in
the pituitary
and pineal glands.
[MeSH-major]
D-Aspartate Oxidase / metabolism. Pineal
Gland
/ enzymology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ enzymology
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Antibody Specificity. Aspartic Acid / metabolism. Blotting, Western. Brain / enzymology. Endocrine Glands / metabolism. Female. Immunohistochemistry. Microscopy, Fluorescence.
Pituitary
Hormones / immunology.
Pituitary
Hormones / metabolism. Swine
Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
(L)-ASPARTIC ACID
.
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[Copyright]
© 2010 The Authors. Journal of Neuroendocrinology © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
(PMID = 20819121.001).
[ISSN]
1365-2826
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of neuroendocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Neuroendocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Pituitary Hormones; 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; EC 1.4.3.1 / D-Aspartate Oxidase
3.
Lundkvist GB, Sellix MT, Nygård M, Davis E, Straume M, Kristensson K, Block GD:
Clock gene expression during chronic inflammation induced by infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei in rats.
J Biol Rhythms
; 2010 Apr;25(2):92-102
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In tissue explants
of pituitary
glands from Period1-luciferase (Per1-luc) transgenic rats infected with Tb brucei, the period of Per1-luc expression was significantly shorter.
We also examined the relative expression of Per1, Clock, and Bmal1 mRNA in the SCN, pineal
gland
, and spleen from control and infected rats using qPCR.
Both Clock and Bmal1 mRNA expression was reduced in the pineal
gland
and spleen following Tb brucei infection.
However, our data show that the infection overall alters molecular clock function in peripheral clocks including
the pituitary
gland
, pineal
gland
, and spleen.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Animals, Genetically Modified. Biological Clocks. Body Temperature. Male. Neurons / metabolism. Pineal
Gland
/ metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. Rats. Rats, Wistar. Spleen / metabolism. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / metabolism
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Brain Res Bull. 1995;37(2):123-9
[
7606487.001
]
(PMID = 20348460.001).
[ISSN]
1552-4531
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of biological rhythms
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Biol. Rhythms
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / R01 MH062517; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / R01 HL071510-03; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / T32 DK007646; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / R01 MH062517-03; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / R01 HL071510
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Per1 protein, rat; 0 / Period Circadian Proteins
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS203341; NLM/ PMC2897063
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4.
Watanabe A, Horikoshi T, Uchida M, Koizumi H, Yagishita T, Kinouchi H:
Diagnostic value of spinal MR imaging in spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
; 2009 Jan;30(1):147-51
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) presents with orthostatic headache, and the
diagnosis
is made on the basis of low CSF pressure and brain MR imaging findings characteristic of the
disorder
.
RESULTS: Brain MR imaging detected abnormalities in 15 of the 18 patients (83%): diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement in 15 (83%), descent of the cerebellar tonsil in 13 (72%), brain stem sagging in 13 (72%), enlargement of the
pituitary
gland
in 12 (67%), and subdural fluid collection in 13 (72%).
CONCLUSIONS: Spinal MR imaging is useful for the
diagnosis
of SIH, especially in the early stage.
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(PMID = 18768717.001).
[ISSN]
1936-959X
[Journal-full-title]
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
[ISO-abbreviation]
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
5.
Suzuki S, Suzuki N, Mori J, Oshima A, Usami S, Hashizume K:
micro-Crystallin as an intracellular 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine holder in vivo.
Mol Endocrinol
; 2007 Apr;21(4):885-94
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The disruption of the gene does not alter the expression of TSHbeta mRNA in
the pituitary
gland
or glutathione-S-transferase alpha2 and deiodinase 1 mRNAs in either the liver or kidney.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Gene Expression. Glutathione Transferase / genetics. Hearing / genetics. Heart Rate / genetics. Iodide Peroxidase / genetics. Isoenzymes / genetics. Kidney / chemistry. Kidney / metabolism. Liver / chemistry. Liver / metabolism. Mice. Mice, Knockout. Myocardium / chemistry. Myocardium / metabolism. NADP / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ chemistry.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. RNA, Messenger / analysis. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Thyrotropin, beta Subunit / genetics. Thyrotropin, beta Subunit / metabolism. Thyroxine / blood. Thyroxine / metabolism. Triiodothyronine / blood. Triiodothyronine / metabolism
Gene Ontology.
gene/protein/disease-specific - Gene Ontology annotations from this paper
.
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LEVOTHYROXINE
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LIOTHYRONINE
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(subscription/membership/fee required).
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Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)
.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program
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SciCrunch.
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(PMID = 17264173.001).
[ISSN]
0888-8809
[Journal-full-title]
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Mol. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Crystallins; 0 / Isoenzymes; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Thyrotropin, beta Subunit; 06LU7C9H1V / Triiodothyronine; 147681-64-9 / crystallin mu; 53-59-8 / NADP; 5817-39-0 / Triiodothyronine, Reverse; EC 1.11.1.8 / Iodide Peroxidase; EC 2.5.1.18 / Glutathione Transferase; EC 2.5.1.18 / glutathione S-transferase alpha; Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine
6.
Khawaja NM, Taher BM, Barham ME, Naser AA, Hadidy AM, Ahmad AT, Hamamy HA, Yaghi NA, Ajlouni KM:
Pituitary enlargement in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Endocr Pract
; 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):29-34
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[Title]
Pituitary
enlargement in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
OBJECTIVE: To assesses the frequency and degree
of pituitary
hyperplasia in patients with primary hypothyroidism, the association
of pituitary
enlargement with disease severity, and the response to treatment.
Initial and follow-up investigations included thyroid function tests, serum prolactin levels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the
pituitary
.
Visual field examination was requested for all patients with
pituitary
enlargement (and adequately completed in 24).
RESULTS:
Pituitary
enlargement on MRI was found in 37 of the 53 patients (70%), with 31 of the 37 patients (84%) having TSH levels of > or = 100 microIU/mL.
After thyroxine treatment, 85% of the patients with
pituitary
enlargement who underwent a follow-up MRI showed a decrease in size of the
gland
.
About half of the patients were referred to our facility with the
diagnosis
of hypothyroidism; presenting features in the rest of the patients included galactorrhea, menstrual irregularities, learning disability, short stature, precocious puberty, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, headaches, visual field defects, and dry ichthyotic skin.
CONCLUSION: The association between
pituitary
gland
enlargement and primary hypothyroidism should be kept in mind when
pituitary
hyperplasia is detected on MRI, before unwarranted and drastic interventions are initiated.
[MeSH-major]
Hypothyroidism /
diagnosis
. Hypothyroidism / epidemiology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology. Thyrotropin / metabolism. Thyroxine / therapeutic use
[MeSH-minor]
Adolescent. Adult. Age Distribution. Child. Child, Preschool. Cohort Studies. Comorbidity. Developing Countries. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Hyperplasia /
diagnosis
. Hyperplasia / epidemiology. Incidence. Jordan / epidemiology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Risk Assessment. Sex Distribution. Thyroid Function Tests
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(PMID = 16524860.001).
[ISSN]
1530-891X
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr Pract
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Comparative Study; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-71-5 / Thyrotropin; Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine
7.
Bouillon R:
Acute adrenal insufficiency.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am
; 2006 Dec;35(4):767-75, ix
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Adrenal insufficiency is a rare
disorder
, usually with gradually evolving clinical symptoms and signs.
Occasionally, an acute adrenal insufficiency crisis can become a life-threatening condition because of acute interruption of a normal or hyperfunctioning adrenal or
pituitary
gland
or sudden interruption of a adrenal replacement therapy.
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Corticotropin
.
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(PMID = 17127145.001).
[ISSN]
0889-8529
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
451W47IQ8X / Sodium Chloride; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone
[Number-of-references]
17
8.
Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ:
Risk of pituitary tumors in cellular phone users: a case-control study.
Epidemiology
; 2009 May;20(3):348-54
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[Title]
Risk
of pituitary
tumors
in cellular phone users: a case-control study.
BACKGROUND: There is public concern and scientific interest regarding a potential effect of cellular phone use on the risk of developing intracranial
tumors
.
Tumors
of the
pituitary
gland
have barely been investigated in this context, but are of interest because of their intracranial location.
METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study between 2001 and 2005 of the risk of developing
pituitary
tumors
in relation to cellular phone use in Southeast England, with 291 cases and 630 controls.
RESULTS:
Tumor
risk was not associated with cellular phone use overall (adjusted odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.7-1.3), and was not appreciably increased 10 or more years after first use (1.0; 0.5-1.9), or after 10 or more years of cumulative use (1.1; 0.5-2.4).
Separate analyses of analog and digital phone use showed no associations with
tumor
risk.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the risk of developing
pituitary
tumors
is associated with cellular phone use for the induction time periods and intensities of use observed.
[MeSH-major]
Cell Phones / utilization.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ epidemiology
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.
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(PMID = 19279493.001).
[ISSN]
1531-5487
[Journal-full-title]
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Epidemiology
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
9.
Bensing S, Fetissov SO, Mulder J, Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Oscarson M, Ekwall O, Crock PA, Hökfelt T, Hulting AL, Kämpe O:
Pituitary autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
; 2007 Jan 16;104(3):949-54
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[Title]
Pituitary
autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive
disorder
caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene.
In this study, we aimed to identify
pituitary
autoantigens in patients with APS1.
A
pituitary
cDNA expression library was screened with APS1 sera and a tudor domain containing protein 6 (TDRD6) cDNA clone was isolated.
By using immunohistochemistry, sera from 3/6 APS1 patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency showed immunostaining of a small number of guinea pig anterior
pituitary
cells, and 40-50% of these cells were GH-positive.
The APS1 Aab-positive, GH-negative cells may represent a novel subpopulation of anterior
pituitary
cells.
In addition, 4/6 patient sera showed staining of a fiber-plexus in
the pituitary
intermediate lobe recognizing enzymes of monoamine and GABA synthesis.
Thus, we have identified TDRD6 as a major autoantigen in APS1 patients and shown that several sera from GH-deficient patients stain specific cell populations and nerves in
the pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-major]
Autoantibodies / immunology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ immunology. Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune / immunology
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Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Jan;8(1):27-31
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(PMID = 17215373.001).
[ISSN]
0027-8424
[Journal-full-title]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
[ISO-abbreviation]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
[Language]
eng
[Databank-accession-numbers]
GENBANK/ EF185284
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Autoantibodies; 0 / Autoantigens; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ PMC1783420
10.
Lin CS, Cheng CJ, Shih KC, Lin SH:
Recurrent hyponatremia in a patient with chronic kidney disease.
J Nephrol
; 2006 May-Jun;19(3):394-8
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Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain displayed a normal
pituitary
gland
and hypothalamus.
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(PMID = 16874705.001).
[ISSN]
1121-8428
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of nephrology
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Nephrol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Italy
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Glucocorticoids
11.
Saraga-Babic M, Bazina M, Vukojevic K, Bocina I, Stefanovic V:
Involvement of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in the early development of the human pituitary gland.
Histol Histopathol
; 2008 10;23(10):1259-68
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[Title]
Involvement of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in the early development of the human
pituitary
gland
.
The spatial and temporal pattern of appearance of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and p53 proteins, and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein was investigated in the developing
pituitary
gland
of 6 human embryos 5-8-weeks old, using morphological and immunohistochemical techniques.
Pro-apoptotic p53 protein was detected in all parts of the
pituitary
gland
throughout the investigated period.
While caspase-3 dependent pathway of cell death participated in morphogenesis of the adenohypophysis and associated connective tissue, p53-mediated apoptosis most likely participates in morphogenesis of all parts of the
gland
, including neurohypophysis.
The anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein was also detected in all parts of the developing
gland
.
Bcl-2 protein probably prevented cell death in all parts of the
gland
and enhanced cell differentiation.
The described pattern of appearance of the investigated pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors might be important for normal morphogenesis and function of the
pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-major]
Apoptosis. Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism
[MeSH-minor]
Caspase 3 / metabolism. Cell Differentiation. Gestational Age. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Nick-End Labeling. Morphogenesis.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / embryology.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism.
Tumor
Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
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(PMID = 18712678.001).
[ISSN]
1699-5848
[Journal-full-title]
Histology and histopathology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Histol. Histopathol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
Spain
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0 / TP53 protein, human; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 3.4.22.- / CASP3 protein, human; EC 3.4.22.- / Caspase 3
12.
Yilmazlar S, Kocaeli H, Eyigor O, Hakyemez B, Korfali E:
Clinical importance of the basal cavernous sinuses and cavernous carotid arteries relative to the pituitary gland and macroadenomas: quantitative analysis of the complete anatomy.
Surg Neurol
; 2008 Aug;70(2):165-74; discussion 174-5
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[Title]
Clinical importance of the basal cavernous sinuses and cavernous carotid arteries relative to
the pituitary
gland
and macroadenomas: quantitative analysis of the complete anatomy.
Our aim was to quantitatively analyze anatomical and radiologic relationships among the BCS, the CCA, and
the pituitary
gland
, as these structures are accessed during TSS.
In each specimen, size of the
pituitary
gland
and specific characteristics of each BCS and the horizontal segment of each CCA were recorded.
Slowly growing
pituitary
adenomas stretch out both CCAs considerably from medial to lateral directions, and they cause widening of intercarotid distances in all segments.
[MeSH-major]
Adenoma / pathology. Carotid Artery, Internal / anatomy & histology. Cavernous Sinus / anatomy & histology. Cranial Fossa, Middle / anatomy & histology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology. Sphenoid Bone / anatomy & histology
[MeSH-minor]
Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Cadaver. Cranial Fossa, Posterior / anatomy & histology. Cranial Fossa, Posterior / surgery. Dura Mater / anatomy & histology. Dura Mater / surgery. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged.
Pituitary
Gland
/ anatomy & histology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ surgery.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / anatomy & histology.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / pathology.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / surgery. Sella Turcica / anatomy & histology. Sella Turcica / surgery
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(PMID = 18262607.001).
[ISSN]
0090-3019
[Journal-full-title]
Surgical neurology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Surg Neurol
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
13.
Nishida Y, Yoshioka M, Ray CA, Bolduc C, Tanaka H, St-Amand J:
Regulation of pituitary gene expression by adrenalectomy.
Obesity (Silver Spring)
; 2009 Jan;17(1):114-20
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[Title]
Regulation
of pituitary
gene expression by adrenalectomy.
To identify
pituitary
mediators for ADX-induced physiological alterations, such as weight loss and hypotension, we investigated the effect of ADX on
the pituitary
transcriptome using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE).
The SAGE libraries were constructed from
pituitary
gland
of intact (n = 51) and ADX (n = 12) mice.
This study reveals alterations
of pituitary
gene expressions that may be associated with ADX-induced physiological changes including weight loss.
[MeSH-major]
Adrenalectomy. Gene Expression Regulation.
Pituitary
Gland
/ physiology. RNA, Messenger / genetics
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(PMID = 19107126.001).
[ISSN]
1930-7381
[Journal-full-title]
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Obesity (Silver Spring)
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / RNA, Messenger; 63231-63-0 / RNA
14.
Pham KX, Amano M, Kurita Y, Shimizu A, Fujinami Y, Amiya N, Yamamori K:
Changes in the immunostaining intensities of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during ovarian maturation in the female Japanese flounder.
Fish Physiol Biochem
; 2008 Dec;34(4):357-65
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The role of gonadotropin (GTH) in the reproduction of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was studied by assessing the changes in the apparent activity of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in
the pituitary
gland
during gonadal maturation by immunohistochemical analyses.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Estradiol / blood. Female. Hydroxyprogesterones / blood. Immunohistochemistry.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. Testosterone / blood
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Fish physiology and biochemistry
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Fish Physiol. Biochem.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Hydroxyprogesterones; 10456-50-5 / 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one; 3XMK78S47O / Testosterone; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone; 9002-68-0 / Follicle Stimulating Hormone
15.
Mukdsi JH, De Paul AL, Gutiérrez S, Roth FD, Aoki A, Torres AI:
Subcellular localisation of VEGF in different pituitary cells. Changes of its expression in oestrogen induced prolactinomas.
J Mol Histol
; 2005 Oct;36(8-9):447-54
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[Title]
Subcellular localisation of VEGF in different
pituitary
cells. Changes of its expression in oestrogen induced prolactinomas.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important angiogenic factor in
the pituitary
gland
.
The objective of this study was to unveil the VEGF subcellular localisation in different
pituitary
cell types and to evaluate changes in its expression at different time intervals after oestrogen stimulation.
Oestrogen treatment increased the number of VEGF immunopositive cells and its expression detected differentially by western blot in both nucleus and cytoplasm
of pituitary
cells when compared to the control.
In lactotrophs, the predominant cell of the
tumour
, VEGF was immunodetected in RER, Golgi complex, and vesicular organelles, supporting further the association with an auto-paracrine effect exerted by VEGF.
In the course of prolactinoma development, the oestrogen stimulated VEGF expression in tumoural cells, promoting a vascular adaptation which contributes to growth and progression of the
tumour
.
[MeSH-major]
Estrogens / pharmacology. Lactotrophs / metabolism.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ metabolism. Prolactinoma / metabolism. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
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[ISSN]
1567-2379
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of molecular histology
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Mol. Histol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Cell Extracts; 0 / Estrogens; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
16.
Mantsch JR, Cullinan WE, Tang LC, Baker DA, Katz ES, Hoks MA, Ziegler DR:
Daily cocaine self-administration under long-access conditions augments restraint-induced increases in plasma corticosterone and impairs glucocorticoid receptor-mediated negative feedback in rats.
Brain Res
; 2007 Sep 5;1167:101-11
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The present study examined alterations in stressor-induced activation of the hypothalamic-
pituitary
-adrenal (HPA) axis in rats provided daily access to cocaine for self-administration (SA) under long-access conditions (1.0 mg/kg/infusion; 6 hx14 days).
GR protein expression measured using Western blot analysis was significantly reduced in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (including the paraventricular nucleus [PVN]) but not in
the pituitary
gland
, ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsal hippocampus, ventral subiculum, medial prefrontal cortex or amygdala in cocaine self-administering rats.
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[ISSN]
0006-8993
[Journal-full-title]
Brain research
[ISO-abbreviation]
Brain Res.
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / R01 DA015758; None / None / / R01 DA015758-03; United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / DA15758; United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / R01 DA015758-03
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Glucocorticoid; 9015-71-8 / Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; I5Y540LHVR / Cocaine; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS30281; NLM/ PMC2121305
17.
Robinson J:
Prenatal programming of the female reproductive neuroendocrine system by androgens.
Reproduction
; 2006 Oct;132(4):539-47
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It has been clear for several decades that the areas of the brain that control reproductive function are sexually dimorphic and that the 'programming actions' of the male gonadal steroids are responsible for sex-specific release of the gonadotrophins from
the pituitary
gland
.
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(PMID = 17008465.001).
[ISSN]
1470-1626
[Journal-full-title]
Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Reproduction
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Androgens; 0 / Endocrine Disruptors; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
[Number-of-references]
82
18.
Gu L, Laly M, Chang HC, Prior RL, Fang N, Ronis MJ, Badger TM:
Isoflavone conjugates are underestimated in tissues using enzymatic hydrolysis.
J Agric Food Chem
; 2005 Aug 24;53(17):6858-63
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Acid hydrolysis or enzymatic hydrolysis (glucuronidases and sulfatases) was used to study isoflavone contents in the heart, brain, epididymis, fat, lung, testis, liver,
pituitary
gland
, prostate
gland
, mammary glands, uterus, and kidney from rats fed diets made with soy protein isolate.
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(PMID = 16104811.001).
[ISSN]
0021-8561
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Agric. Food Chem.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Isoflavones; 6287WC5J2L / daidzein; DH2M523P0H / Genistein; EC 3.1.6.- / Sulfatases; EC 3.2.1.31 / Glucuronidase
19.
Sitzmann BD, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Roth GS, Ottinger MA, Urbanski HF:
Impact of Moderate Calorie Restriction on the Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis of Male Rhesus Macaques.
Open Longev Sci
; 2010;3(10):38-47
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Microarray profiling
of pituitary
gland
and testicular gene expression was performed after 8 years of treatment, using GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Arrays (Affymetrix), and showed very little effect of caloric restriction.
Using a 1.5-fold difference threshold, our microarray analysis revealed differential expression of only 145 probesets in
the pituitary
gland
and 260 in the testes, out of a total of >54,000.
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR performed on
pituitary
gland
mRNA corroborated the microarray findings for selected modulated genes, including TSH receptor (TSHR) and sperm-specific antigen 2 (SSFA2).
Most notably, significantly lower expression of TSH receptor mRNA was observed in
the pituitary
of CR compared to CON animals.
Importantly, our data suggest that moderate CR has no obvious lasting detrimental effect on the reproductive neuroendocrine axis of long-lived primates, and has only a modest influence on
pituitary
and testicular gene expression.
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(PMID = 20814446.001).
[Journal-full-title]
Open Longevity Science
[ISO-abbreviation]
Open Longev Sci
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG029612-03; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR000163-478882; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR000163-460117; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P51 RR000163; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / HD029186-09; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG019914; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG029612; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR000163-486757; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / AG019914-04S1; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / K01 RR000163; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R01 HD029186; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / AG019914-04
[Publication-type]
JOURNAL ARTICLE
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
20.
Hartmann H, Zöphel K, Freudenberg R, Oehme L, Andreeff M, Wunderlich G, Eisenhofer G, Kotzerke J:
[Radiation exposure of patients during 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT examinations].
Nuklearmedizin
; 2009;48(5):201-7
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AIM: Investigation of the biodistribution and calculation of dosimetry of Ga-68-DOTATOC- for patients imaged in the routine clinical setting for
diagnosis
or exclusion of neuroendocrine tumours.
The relevant organs for dosimetry were spleen, kidneys, liver, adrenals, urinary bladder and
pituitary
gland
.
RESULTS: Rapid physiological uptake of the radiotracer could be demonstrated in liver, spleen and kidneys, adrenals and
pituitary
gland
(mean SUVs were 6, 20, 16, 10, and 4, respectively).
CONCLUSION: 68Ga-DOTATOC is used extensively for
diagnosis
of somatostatin receptor positive tumours because it has several advantages over the 111In-labelled ligand.
[MeSH-minor]
Adult. Aged. Bone and Bones / radiation effects. Environmental Exposure. Female. Humans. Kidney / radiation effects. Liver / radiation effects. Male. Middle Aged.
Neoplasm
Staging. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods
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(PMID = 19639164.001).
[ISSN]
0029-5566
[Journal-full-title]
Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine
[ISO-abbreviation]
Nuklearmedizin
[Language]
ger
[Publication-type]
English Abstract; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Germany
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Gallium Radioisotopes; RWM8CCW8GP / Octreotide; U194AS08HZ / Edotreotide
21.
Arreguin-Arevalo JA, Davis TL, Nett TM:
Differential modulation of gonadotropin secretion by selective estrogen receptor 1 and estrogen receptor 2 agonists in ovariectomized ewes.
Biol Reprod
; 2007 Aug;77(2):320-8
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Modulation of the number of GnRH receptors by PPT and DPN was examined in primary cultures of ovine
pituitary
cells.
1) ESR1 and ESR2 mediate the negative feedback of E2 on secretion of LH at the level of the
pituitary
gland
, 2) ESR1 and ESR2 do not synergize or antagonize the effects of each other; however, they do interact to synchronize the beginning of the stimulatory effect of E2 on secretion of LH, 3) ESR1 and ESR2 may mediate at least partially the positive feedback of E2 on LH secretion by increasing the number of GnRH receptors, and 4) only ESR1 appears to be involved in the negative feedback of E2 on secretion of FSH.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Cells, Cultured. Drug Interactions. Estradiol / administration & dosage. Feedback, Physiological. Female. Nitriles / administration & dosage. Ovariectomy. Phenols.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / chemistry.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / drug effects.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / metabolism. Pyrazoles / administration & dosage. Receptors, LHRH / analysis. Receptors, LHRH / drug effects
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(PMID = 17429013.001).
[ISSN]
0006-3363
[Journal-full-title]
Biology of reproduction
[ISO-abbreviation]
Biol. Reprod.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole; 0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / Estrogen Receptor beta; 0 / Nitriles; 0 / Phenols; 0 / Pyrazoles; 0 / Receptors, LHRH; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone; 9002-68-0 / Follicle Stimulating Hormone
22.
Rocque BG, Herold KA, Salamat MS, Shenker Y, Kuo JS:
Symptomatic hyperprolactinemia from an ectopic pituitary adenoma located in the clivus.
Endocr Pract
; 2009 Mar;15(2):143-8
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[Title]
Symptomatic hyperprolactinemia from an ectopic
pituitary
adenoma located in the clivus.
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an ectopic
pituitary
adenoma in the clivus.
METHODS: The clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the case are reviewed, and the embryogenesis of the
pituitary
gland
, the pathophysiologic features of this condition, the
diagnosis
, and the treatment options are discussed.
After the resected tissue was examined, the patient was diagnosed as having an ectopic prolactin-producing
pituitary
adenoma.
Surgical resection was undertaken in our patient because of the uncertainty of the
diagnosis
and the aggressive natural history of more common
tumors
of the clivus, such as chordomas.
Although it is possible that a successful trial of dopaminergic therapy would have obviated surgical intervention, this approach would be associated with additional risks if the
diagnosis
were incorrect.
[MeSH-major]
Cranial Fossa, Posterior / pathology. Hyperprolactinemia /
diagnosis
. Hyperprolactinemia / pathology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology
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(PMID = 19289326.001).
[ISSN]
1934-2403
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr Pract
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
23.
Dreijerink KM, Höppener JW, Timmers HM, Lips CJ:
Mechanisms of disease: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-relation to chromatin modifications and transcription regulation.
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
; 2006 Oct;2(10):562-70
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[Title]
Mechanisms of disease: multiple endocrine
neoplasia
type 1-relation to chromatin modifications and transcription regulation.
Multiple endocrine
neoplasia
type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary
tumor
syndrome characterized by
tumors
of the parathyroid glands, the pancreatic islets,
the pituitary
gland
, the adrenal glands, as well as by neuroendocrine carcinoid
tumors
, often at a young age.
Causal to the syndrome are germline mutations of the MEN1
tumor
-suppressor gene.
Identification of gene-mutation carriers has enabled presymptomatic
diagnosis
and treatment of MEN1-related lesions.
Recent observations indicate several functions for menin in the regulation of transcription, serving either as a repressor or as an activator: menin interacts with the activator-protein-1-family transcription factor JunD, changing it from an oncoprotein into a
tumor
-suppressor protein, putatively by recruitment of histone deacetylase complexes; menin maintains transforming growth factor beta mediated signal transduction involved in parathyroid hormone and prolactin gene expression; and menin is an integral component of histone methyltransferase complexes.
[MeSH-major]
Chromatin / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation. Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Type 1 / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / physiology. Transcription, Genetic
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.
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(PMID = 17024155.001).
[ISSN]
1745-8366
[Journal-full-title]
Nature clinical practice. Endocrinology & metabolism
[ISO-abbreviation]
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Chromatin; 0 / MEN1 protein, human; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / Transforming Growth Factor beta; EC 2.1.1.- / Protein Methyltransferases; EC 2.1.1.- / histone methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.43 / Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
[Number-of-references]
50
24.
Venieratos D, Anagnostopoulou S, Garidou A:
A new morphometric method for the sella turcica and the hypophyseal fossa and its clinical relevance.
Folia Morphol (Warsz)
; 2005 Nov;64(4):240-7
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Their morphology and dimensions correlate to some extent with those of the contained
pituitary
gland
and have, for this reason, attracted the interest of anatomists and radiologists.
With the application of MRI, however, these data are of limited use in the
diagnosis
of pituitary
disorders, although they remain valuable with regard to a microsurgical approach to the
hypophysis
.
[MeSH-minor]
Greece. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mathematics. Models, Anatomic.
Pituitary
Gland
/ anatomy & histology
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(PMID = 16425149.001).
[ISSN]
0015-5659
[Journal-full-title]
Folia morphologica
[ISO-abbreviation]
Folia Morphol. (Warsz)
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Poland
25.
Kurowska M, Tarach JS, Zgliczyński W, Malicka J, Zieliński G, Janczarek M:
Acromegaly in a patient with normal pituitary gland and somatotropic adenoma located in the sphenoid sinus.
Endokrynol Pol
; 2008 Jul-Aug;59(4):348-51
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[Title]
Acromegaly in a patient with normal
pituitary
gland
and somatotropic adenoma located in the sphenoid sinus.
In most cases it is caused by GHRH or rarely GH-secreting
neoplasms
.
Even rarer are ectopic
pituitary
adenomas located in the sphenoid sinus or nasopharynx that originate from
pituitary
remnants in the craniopharyngeal duct.
MRI imaging revealed a slightly asymmetric
pituitary
gland
(14 yen 4 mm) without focal lesions.
After preliminary treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue, transsphenoidal
pituitary
tumour
removal was performed.
Histopathological, electron microscopical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed densely granulated somatotropic
pituitary
adenoma: GH(+), PRL(-), ACTH(-), TSH(-), FSH(-), LH(-), MIB1 < 1%, SSTR3(+) and SSTR5(+).
Post-surgical evaluation showed normal
pituitary
MRI scans, GH and IGF-1 levels 0.18 mug/l and 140 mg/l, respectively, as well as normal GH suppression with oral glucose.
The careful analysis of possible
pituitary
embryonic malformations points out their significance for proper localization of extrapituitary adenomas.
[MeSH-major]
Acromegaly / etiology. Adenoma / complications. Choristoma / complications. Paranasal Sinus
Neoplasms
/ complications.
Pituitary
Gland
.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ complications. Sphenoid Sinus
[MeSH-minor]
Diagnosis
, Differential. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged
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(PMID = 18777506.001).
[ISSN]
0423-104X
[Journal-full-title]
Endokrynologia Polska
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endokrynol Pol
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Poland
26.
Calle M, Kozicz T, van der Linden E, Desfeux A, Veening JG, Barendregt HP, Roubos EW:
Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
; 2006 Jul;147(3):237-46
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[Title]
Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and
pituitary
gland
of Xenopus laevis.
In the neural lobe of the
pituitary
gland
a 22.5% lower optical density of CART-ir was observed.
Our results support the hypothesis that in X. laevis, the Mg plays a pivotal role in feeding-related processes and, moreover, that starvation also has neuropeptide- and brain structure-specific effects in other parts of the brain and in
the pituitary
gland
, suggesting particular roles of these structures and their neuropeptides in physiological adaptation to starvation.
[MeSH-major]
Brain / metabolism. Neuropeptides / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / metabolism. Starvation / metabolism. Xenopus / physiology
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(PMID = 16483575.001).
[ISSN]
0016-6480
[Journal-full-title]
General and comparative endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Neuropeptide Y; 0 / Neuropeptides; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; 0 / Urocortins; 0 / cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein; 58569-55-4 / Enkephalin, Methionine; 73024-95-0 / enkephalin-Met, Arg(6)-Phe(7)-; 9015-71-8 / Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
27.
Krarup T, Hagen C:
[Autoimmune hypophysitis--a differential diagnosis to pituitary adenomas].
Ugeskr Laeger
; 2010 Mar 15;172(11):881-2
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[Title]
[Autoimmune hypophysitis--a differential
diagnosis
to
pituitary
adenomas].
This case story displays the importance of knowing AH, as it is an important differential
diagnosis
to
pituitary
gland
adenomas and to diseases in the hypothalamus because it can be treated medically as opposed to surgically.
[MeSH-major]
Adenoma /
diagnosis
. Autoimmune Diseases /
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Diseases /
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
[MeSH-minor]
Aged.
Diagnosis
, Differential. Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Prednisolone / therapeutic use
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.
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(PMID = 20403271.001).
[ISSN]
1603-6824
[Journal-full-title]
Ugeskrift for laeger
[ISO-abbreviation]
Ugeskr. Laeg.
[Language]
dan
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Denmark
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Glucocorticoids; 9PHQ9Y1OLM / Prednisolone
28.
Rivera JA:
Lymphocytic hypophysitis: disease spectrum and approach to diagnosis and therapy.
Pituitary
; 2006;9(1):35-45
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[Title]
Lymphocytic hypophysitis: disease spectrum and approach to
diagnosis
and therapy.
Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) is a neuroendocrine
disorder
characterized by autoimmune inflammation of the
pituitary
gland
with various degrees
of pituitary
dysfunction.
Coexistence of other autoimmune conditions is reported in 25-50% of cases and
pituitary
autoantibodies have been detected in up to 70% of biopsy-proven cases.
The clinical presentation varies depending on
the pituitary
segment that is more severely affected.
Other anterior
pituitary
hormones can also be affected but posterior
pituitary
involvement is absent or minimum.
A combination of extensive anterior
pituitary
involvement and DI characterizes lymphocytic Infudibulopanhypophysitis (LIPH).
The
diagnosis
can be challenging in many cases, because distinction from
pituitary
adenomas and other sellar masses is not obvious.
This paper reviews the etiology, epidemiology, clinical and radiological findings,
diagnosis
and management of LYH.
[MeSH-minor]
Autoantibodies / analysis. Autoimmune Diseases. Humans. Inflammation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Pituitary
Gland
/ immunology.
Pituitary
Hormones / deficiency
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[ISSN]
1386-341X
[Journal-full-title]
Pituitary
[ISO-abbreviation]
Pituitary
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Autoantibodies; 0 / Pituitary Hormones
[Number-of-references]
66
29.
Sellix MT, Egli M, Poletini MO, McKee DT, Bosworth MD, Fitch CA, Freeman ME:
Anatomical and functional characterization of clock gene expression in neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
; 2006 May;290(5):R1309-23
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We have also determined the effects of per1, per2, and clock mRNA knockdown in the SCN with antisense deoxyoligonucleotides (AS-ODN) on
DA
release from NDNs.
AS-ODN injections differentially affected
DA
turnover in the axon terminals of the median eminence (ME), neural lobe (NL) and intermediate lobe (IL) of the
pituitary
gland
, resulting in a significant decrease in
DA
release in the early subjective night in the ME (TIDA), a significant increase in
DA
release at the beginning of the day in the IL (PHDA), and no effect in the NL (THDA).
AS-ODN-treatment induced a rhythm of
DA
concentration in the anterior lobe, with greater
DA
levels in the middle of the day.
These data suggest that clock gene expression, particularly PER1 and PER2, within NDNs may act to modulate diurnal rhythms of
DA
release from NDNs in the OVX rat.
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(PMID = 16373438.001).
[ISSN]
0363-6119
[Journal-full-title]
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK-43200; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK043200-14; United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / DA-19356; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK043200; United States / NIDA NIH HHS / DA / R01 DA019356
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / ARNTL Transcription Factors; 0 / Antisense Elements (Genetics); 0 / Arntl protein, mouse; 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Per1 protein, mouse; 0 / Per1 protein, rat; 0 / Per2 protein, mouse; 0 / Per2 protein, rat; 0 / Period Circadian Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / Transcription Factors; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; EC 2.3.1.48 / CLOCK Proteins; EC 2.3.1.48 / Clock protein, mouse; EC 2.3.1.48 / Clock protein, rat; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS9192; NLM/ PMC1457054
30.
Kelley RT, Smith JL 2nd, Rodzewicz GM:
Transnasal endoscopic surgery of the pituitary: modifications and results over 10 years.
Laryngoscope
; 2006 Sep;116(9):1573-6
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[Title]
Transnasal endoscopic surgery of the
pituitary
: modifications and results over 10 years.
OBJECTIVE: A 10-year retrospective review of three endoscopic approaches used by the authors for
pituitary
gland
surgery is presented.
METHODS: A chart review and examination of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients who have had endoscopic
pituitary
surgery by the authors was performed.
We gathered specific details of the operative approach, nasal-sinus anatomy,
tumor
location, required ancillary nasal procedures, and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: Ninety patients had endoscopic
pituitary
surgery.
Four patients subsequently had craniotomy to resect suprasellar
tumor
extension.
One patient required revision endoscopic resection 3 years later for
tumor
recurrence.
CONCLUSION: The authors have exclusively used endoscopic surgery
of pituitary
gland tumors
for over 10 years.
[MeSH-major]
Endoscopy / methods.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery
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consumer health - Pituitary Tumors
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(PMID = 16954981.001).
[ISSN]
0023-852X
[Journal-full-title]
The Laryngoscope
[ISO-abbreviation]
Laryngoscope
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
31.
Prodam F, Pagano L, Belcastro S, Golisano G, Busti A, Samà M, Caputo M, Bellone S, Voci A, Valente G, Aimaretti G:
Pituitary metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma.
Thyroid
; 2010 Jul;20(7):823-30
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[Title]
Pituitary
metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: Metastatic carcinomas to
the pituitary
gland
are uncommon, occurring in only 1% of the
pituitary
masses.
They often originate from breast or lung carcinomas and may resemble a nonfunctioning
pituitary
adenoma both clinically and radiologically.
Here we describe a patient with
pituitary
metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma and discuss the unique features of these lesions.
Pituitary
magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass that was hypo-intense in T1-weighted and hyper-intense in T2-weighted-images, located from the sphenoid sinus up to chiasmatic cisterns, raising and deflecting the optic chiasm, down to hypopharynx region, and distorting the cavernous sinuses.
Total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection was performed with a final histopathological
diagnosis
of follicular thyroid carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS:
Pituitary
metastases from thyroid carcinoma are very uncommon.
As this patient illustrates, they tend to produce symptoms relating to space-occupying expansion in the parasellar region rather than to those due to destruction of the
pituitary
gland
.
Although rare,
pituitary
metastases caused by thyroid malignancy should be considered in patients with expanding parasellar lesions if they have thyroid cancer or uncharacterized thyroid diseases.
[MeSH-major]
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / secondary.
Neoplasm
Recurrence, Local / pathology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ secondary. Thyroid
Neoplasms
/ pathology
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(PMID = 20604687.001).
[ISSN]
1557-9077
[Journal-full-title]
Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
[ISO-abbreviation]
Thyroid
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 9010-34-8 / Thyroglobulin
32.
Schwerin M, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Brüssow KP, Nürnberg G, Otten W:
Stress-related gene expression in brain and adrenal gland of porcine fetuses and neonates.
Theriogenology
; 2005 Mar 1;63(4):1220-34
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[Title]
Stress-related gene expression in brain and adrenal
gland
of porcine fetuses and neonates.
Brain,
pituitary
gland
, and adrenal
gland
were obtained to determine the mRNA levels for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), ACTH receptor (MC2R), c-jun and c-fos.
It was found that maternal deprivation caused significantly higher transcript levels of c-fos and CRH in brain accompanied by a down-regulation of CRHR1 mRNA and an up-regulation of c-jun in
the pituitary
gland
.
The ACTH treatment of sows significantly increased mRNA expression of c-fos but not of CRH in the fetal brain, and significantly decreased MC2R mRNA expression in the adrenal
gland
.
However, HPA axis seems not to be fully developed in Day 77-fetuses because fetal
pituitary
CRHR1 and POMC mRNA expression was low in most of the fetuses.
[MeSH-minor]
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. Animals. Brain / embryology. Brain / growth & development. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / genetics. Female. Gene Expression. Genes, fos / genetics. Genes, jun / genetics. Hydrocortisone / physiology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ chemistry.
Pituitary
Gland
/ embryology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ growth & development. Pregnancy. Pro-Opiomelanocortin / genetics. RNA, Messenger / analysis. Receptors, Corticotropin / genetics. Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / genetics. Swine
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(PMID = 15710205.001).
[ISSN]
0093-691X
[Journal-full-title]
Theriogenology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Theriogenology
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / CRF receptor type 1; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Corticotropin; 0 / Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; 66796-54-1 / Pro-Opiomelanocortin; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; 9015-71-8 / Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone
33.
Furukawa F, Watanabe S, Kaneko T, Uchida K:
Changes in gene expression levels of somatolactin in the pituitary and morphology of gill mitochondria-rich cells in Mozambique tilapia after transfer to acidic freshwater (pH 3.5).
Gen Comp Endocrinol
; 2010 May 1;166(3):549-55
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[Title]
Changes in gene expression levels of somatolactin in
the pituitary
and morphology of gill mitochondria-rich cells in Mozambique tilapia after transfer to acidic freshwater (pH 3.5).
We analyzed gene expression of somatolactin (sl), growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl), in
the pituitary
gland
and size distribution of mitochondria-rich (MR) cells in the gills after transfer from normal freshwater (FW, pH 7.2) to acidified freshwater (AW, pH 3.5).
[MeSH-major]
Fish Proteins / genetics. Fresh Water. Gills / cytology. Glycoproteins / genetics. Mitochondria / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism.
Pituitary
Hormones / genetics. Tilapia / metabolism
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[Copyright]
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
(PMID = 20138176.001).
[ISSN]
1095-6840
[Journal-full-title]
General and comparative endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Fish Proteins; 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Pituitary Hormones; 0 / somatolactin protein, fish; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
34.
Locatelli D, Canevari FR, Acchiardi I, Castelnuovo P:
The endoscopic diving technique in pituitary and cranial base surgery: technical note.
Neurosurgery
; 2010 Feb;66(2):E400-1; discussion E401
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[Title]
The endoscopic diving technique in
pituitary
and cranial base surgery: technical note.
Likewise, having extended endoscopic endonasal surgery to the entire base of the skull and in particular to the sinus cavity, "diving surgery" has proven to be effective in visualizing and dissecting more extended
tumors
.
RESULTS: The hydrodissection and continuous flushing of the sellar cavity, together with better control of bleeding, allow the surgeon to perform piecemeal removal of the lesion with direct control of the cleavage plane and
tumor
residue and avoid blind curettage near
the pituitary
gland
.
This technique is particularly useful in identifying small infiltrations of the cavernous sinus and in checking the integrity of the
pituitary
stalk when instruments are introduced into the sella.
[MeSH-major]
Endoscopy / methods.
Pituitary
Gland
/ surgery. Skull Base / surgery
[MeSH-minor]
Female. Humans. Male.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery. Retrospective Studies. Sella Turcica / surgery
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(PMID = 20087108.001).
[ISSN]
1524-4040
[Journal-full-title]
Neurosurgery
[ISO-abbreviation]
Neurosurgery
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Technical Report
[Publication-country]
United States
35.
Ueno M, Inano H, Onoda M, Murase H, Ikota N, Kagiya TV, Anzai K:
Modification of mortality and tumorigenesis by tocopherol-mono-glucoside (TMG) administered after X irradiation in mice and rats.
Radiat Res
; 2009 Oct;172(4):519-24
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The effects of TMG [2-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyl) methyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-6-ol], a water-soluble vitamin E derivative, administered after irradiation on the mortality of X-irradiated mice and on the development of
tumors
in the mammary and
pituitary
glands in rats were investigated.
When dams of lactating Wister rats were exposed to 1.5 Gy of X rays at day 21 after parturition and were then treated with diethylstilbestrol as a
tumor
promoter, the incidence of mammary
tumors
and
pituitary
tumors
was increased compared to that in the nonirradiated control group.
The administration of TMG (600 mg/kg, i.p.) after irradiation significantly reduced the incidence of mammary
tumors
and
pituitary
tumors
.
The number of rats that were free of both mammary and
pituitary
gland tumors
was enhanced fourfold by TMG.
These results suggest that TMG is effective in preventing radiation-induced bone marrow death in mice and in reducing mammary and
pituitary
tumors
in rats even when it is administered after irradiation.
[MeSH-major]
Free Radical Scavengers / administration & dosage. Free Radical Scavengers / pharmacology. Glucosides / administration & dosage. Glucosides / pharmacology.
Neoplasms
, Radiation-Induced / pathology.
Neoplasms
, Radiation-Induced / prevention & control
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Bone Marrow / drug effects. Bone Marrow / radiation effects. Breast
Neoplasms
/ pathology. Breast
Neoplasms
/ prevention & control. Mice. Mortality.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ prevention & control. Rats. Time Factors. Tocopherols / administration & dosage. Tocopherols / pharmacology. X-Rays / adverse effects
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(PMID = 19772473.001).
[ISSN]
0033-7587
[Journal-full-title]
Radiation research
[ISO-abbreviation]
Radiat. Res.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Free Radical Scavengers; 0 / Glucosides; 0 / tocopherol monoglucoside; 1406-66-2 / Tocopherols
36.
D'Aniello A:
D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role.
Brain Res Rev
; 2007 Feb;53(2):215-34
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In
the pituitary
gland
, it stimulates the secretion of the following hormones: prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH) In the testes, it is present in Leydig cells and is involved in testosterone and progesterone release.
Thus, a hypothalamus-
pituitary
-gonads pathway, in which d-Asp is involved, has been formulated.
The Lens.
Cited by Patents in
.
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(PMID = 17118457.001).
[ISSN]
0165-0173
[Journal-full-title]
Brain research reviews
[ISO-abbreviation]
Brain Res Rev
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
4SR0Q8YD1X / D-Aspartic Acid; 6384-92-5 / N-Methylaspartate
[Number-of-references]
110
37.
Chanson P:
Emerging drugs for acromegaly.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs
; 2008 Jun;13(2):273-93
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BACKGROUND: Acromegaly is due to growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion by a
benign pituitary tumor
(adenoma).
Treatments include surgical removal of the adenoma (often incomplete when
the tumor
is large and/or invasive), radiotherapy of the
pituitary
region (sometimes effective only after > 10 years, and potentially causing cerebrovascular disease), and medical therapy.
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(PMID = 18537521.001).
[ISSN]
1744-7623
[Journal-full-title]
Expert opinion on emerging drugs
[ISO-abbreviation]
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Peptides, Cyclic; 0 / pegvisomant; 118992-92-0 / lanreotide; 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone; 51110-01-1 / Somatostatin; RWM8CCW8GP / Octreotide
[Number-of-references]
156
38.
Mełeń-Mucha G:
[Molecular aspects of pituitary tumors].
Endokrynol Pol
; 2005 May-Jun;56(3):333-8
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[Title]
[Molecular aspects
of pituitary
tumors
].
Pituitary
adenomas are common
benign
neoplasms
, accounting for approximately 15% of intracranial
tumors
.
In systematic autopsy,
pituitary
tumors
are found in 25%, of the population, but only one-third of these
tumors
give rise to clinical manifestations.
Why most of these
neoplasms
remain undiagnosed and
pituitary
carcinomas are extremely rare?
The progress in the studies concerning
pituitary
tumorigenesis is rather slow and, due to several limitations, including the anatomic inaccessibility of human
pituitary
gland
, the lack of functional human cell lines in culture and the discrepancies between human and animal
pituitary
oncogenesis (in rodents
pituitary
hyperplasia is a prerequisite for adenoma development).
In humans, the majority
of pituitary
tumors
are monoclonal in origin and derived from single mutated pituicyte, rarely hyperplasia is a prerequisite for adenoma formation.
As in the case of other
tumors
, activating mutations in oncogenes (GNAS1, PTTG) and inactivating mutations in
tumor
suppressor genes (MEN1, CNC1) lead to
pituitary
tumors
development.
However, mutations in classic oncogenes are very rarely associated with these
tumors
.
FGF, EGF, TGF) is postulated and partially proved in promotion
of pituitary
tumorigenesis.
Further studies are required to determine which of these events are truly primary changes in
pituitary
tumorigenesis, what may allow development of gene therapy.
[MeSH-major]
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ genetics
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Chromogranins. Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit. Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases. GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics. Genes,
Tumor
Suppressor / physiology. Humans.
Neoplasm
Proteins. Proteins. Proto-Oncogene Proteins. Securin
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.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program.
NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program
.
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(PMID = 16350728.001).
[ISSN]
0423-104X
[Journal-full-title]
Endokrynologia Polska
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endokrynol Pol
[Language]
pol
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
Poland
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Chromogranins; 0 / Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; 0 / MEN1 protein, human; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / PRKAR1A protein, human; 0 / Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / Securin; 0 / pituitary tumor-transforming protein 1, human; EC 2.7.11.11 / Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; EC 3.6.1.- / GNAS protein, human; EC 3.6.5.1 / GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs
[Number-of-references]
40
39.
Kano H, Niranjan A, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD:
Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary metastases.
Surg Neurol
; 2009 Sep;72(3):248-55; discussion 255-6
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[Title]
Stereotactic radiosurgery for
pituitary
metastases.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the role of Gamma Knife SRS in the multidisciplinary management of metastatic cancer to
the pituitary
gland
.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of 18 consecutive
pituitary
metastasis patients who underwent Gamma Knife SRS during a 21-year experience.
There were 5 patients who had initial surgical resection of their
pituitary
metastasis, 5 who had fractionated radiation, and 7 who had CT before SRS.
Three (16.7%) patients developed new neurological deficits due to
tumor
progression despite SRS.
CONCLUSION: Development of a
pituitary
metastasis is an ominous finding in the context of systemic cancer.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective palliative approach for most patients with
pituitary
metastasis.
[MeSH-major]
Palliative Care.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ secondary.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery. Radiosurgery
[MeSH-minor]
Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / secondary. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / surgery. Diabetes Insipidus / etiology. Disease Progression. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Gamma Rays. Humans. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Karnofsky Performance Status. Lung
Neoplasms
/ pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Risk Factors. Treatment Outcome
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.
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.
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.
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(PMID = 18786712.001).
[ISSN]
1879-3339
[Journal-full-title]
Surgical neurology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Surg Neurol
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
40.
Inamo Y:
A boy with growth disturbance caused by hypothalamic damage associated with intracranial hypotension syndrome following a motor vehicle accident: case report.
Endocr J
; 2008 Dec;55(6):1113-6
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MRI and SPECT revealed damage to the hypothalamic and
pituitary
gland
.
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.
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(PMID = 18827408.001).
[ISSN]
1348-4540
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine journal
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr. J.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Japan
[Chemical-registry-number]
12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone
41.
Alba M, Schally AV, Salvatori R:
Partial reversibility of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mouse by postnatal treatment with a GHRH analog.
Endocrinology
; 2005 Mar;146(3):1506-13
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The proliferation
of pituitary
somatotroph cells and the synthesis and secretion of GH require the hypothalamic peptide GH-releasing hormone (GHRH).
Accordingly, we have shown that mice with targeted disruption [knockout (KO)] of the GHRH gene (GHRHKO) have isolated GH deficiency (GHD) and anterior
pituitary
hypoplasia.
At both ages JI-38 caused growth acceleration, increase in size of the
pituitary
gland
, increase in
pituitary
GH mRNA and GH protein levels and serum GH, and significant increase in liver IGF-I mRNA, although none of these parameters was fully normalized.
Our findings demonstrate that GHD and
pituitary
hypoplasia in GHRHKO mice may be partially reversed by long-term treatment with a GHRH analog, and that somatotroph cells maintain responsiveness to GHRH even if this factor is absent during intrauterine development.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Body Size. Body Weight. Crosses, Genetic. Female. Genotype. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism. Liver / metabolism. Male. Mice. Mice, Knockout.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Time Factors
KOMP Repository.
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(subscription/membership/fee required).
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI).
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)
.
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(PMID = 15564325.001).
[ISSN]
0013-7227
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinology
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R03-HD-042465-01; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R03-HD-046641-01
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / RNA, Messenger; 67763-96-6 / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone; 9034-39-3 / Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
42.
Smith JT, Rao A, Pereira A, Caraty A, Millar RP, Clarke IJ:
Kisspeptin is present in ovine hypophysial portal blood but does not increase during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge: evidence that gonadotropes are not direct targets of kisspeptin in vivo.
Endocrinology
; 2008 Apr;149(4):1951-9
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Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that G protein-coupled receptor-54 mRNA is expressed in ovine
pituitary
cell fractions enriched for gonadotropes as well as in somatotropes and lactotropes.
To test whether kisspeptin acts directly on
the pituitary
gonadotropes, we first examined LH release from primary ovine
pituitary
cell cultures treated with kisspeptin.
We found that kisspeptin treatment increased the concentration of LH in culture media by 80%, compared with control, but only in
pituitary
cultures from ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle.
After this, we determined whether kisspeptin acts on
the pituitary
gland
in vivo.
Using GnRH-replaced ovariectomized hypothalamo-
pituitary
-disconnected ewes, we were not able to achieve any effect of kisspeptin on LH under steady-state conditions or during the period of an estrogen-induced LH surge.
Moreover, the low concentrations of kisspeptin in hypophysial portal blood and the lack of any change during the period of an estrogen-induced GnRH/LH surge suggest that action on
the pituitary
gland
is not of major consequence in terms of LH release.
[MeSH-major]
Gonadotrophs / drug effects. Luteinizing Hormone / secretion.
Tumor
Suppressor Proteins / pharmacology
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(PMID = 18162520.001).
[ISSN]
0013-7227
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinology
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / KISS1 protein, human; 0 / Kisspeptins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone
43.
Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD:
Combined inhibition of types I and II 5 alpha-reductase selectively augments the basal (nonpulsatile) mode of testosterone secretion in young men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
; 2005 Jul;90(7):4232-7
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CONTEXT: Testosterone (Te) is metabolized in the hypothalamus and
pituitary
gland
, where untransformed steroid and activated products participate in feedback regulation of GnRH and LH secretion.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
ESTRADIOL
.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
TESTOSTERONE
.
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(PMID = 15811930.001).
[ISSN]
0021-972X
[Journal-full-title]
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR00585; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG023133; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR000585; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR00847; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR000847
[Publication-type]
Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; 0 / Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; 3XMK78S47O / Testosterone; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone; EC 1.3.1.22 / Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase
44.
Eves PC, Haycock JW:
Melanocortin signalling mechanisms.
Adv Exp Med Biol
; 2010;681:19-28
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They are expressed predominantly in the brain, specifically
the pituitary
gland
and also in the central nervous system.
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(PMID = 21222257.001).
[ISSN]
0065-2598
[Journal-full-title]
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United Kingdom / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / /
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Melanocortins; 0 / Receptors, Melanocortin
45.
Koceïr EA, Benbaïbeche H, Haffaf el M, Kacimi G, Oudjit B:
[Metabolic syndrome and hormonal interaction in obese and type 2 diabetic Algerian subject: the behavior eating disorder impact].
Ann Biol Clin (Paris)
; 2009 May-Jun;67(3):315-23
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[Title]
[Metabolic syndrome and hormonal interaction in obese and type 2 diabetic Algerian subject: the behavior eating
disorder
impact].
[Transliterated title]
Syndrome métabolique et interaction hormonale chez le sujet obèse et le patient diabétique
de
type 2 algérien: impact des troubles du comportement alimentaire.
In response to nutritional stress, the BED generates a hyperactivity of endocrine pancreas, adrenal
gland
, and
pituitary
gland
.
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.
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.
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consumer health - Metabolic Syndrome
.
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - Obesity
.
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.
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(PMID = 19411234.001).
[ISSN]
0003-3898
[Journal-full-title]
Annales de biologie clinique
[ISO-abbreviation]
Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris)
[Language]
fre
[Publication-type]
English Abstract; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
France
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Peptides; 0 / Triglycerides; 0 / polypeptide C; 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone; 4429-04-3 / Fructosamine; 97C5T2UQ7J / Cholesterol
46.
Butskhrikidze M, Bukia N, Machavariani L, Nanobashvili Z:
Influence of water deprivation on morphological peculiarities of the neuronal organization in hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rats.
Georgian Med News
; 2008 Jul-Aug;(160-161):52-4
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In the present study a histochemical investigation of the SO and PV nuclei of the hypothalamic-
pituitary
neurosecretory system are presented at different periods of the water deprivation.
In order to reveal a neurosecrete, the 5-10 mm thick slices of the hypothalamus and
pituitary
gland
were stained with the Nissle method.
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(PMID = 18711239.001).
[ISSN]
1512-0112
[Journal-full-title]
Georgian medical news
[ISO-abbreviation]
Georgian Med News
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Georgia (Republic)
47.
Tebben PJ, Atkinson JL, Scheithauer BW, Erickson D:
Granulomatous adenohypophysitis after interferon and ribavirin therapy.
Endocr Pract
; 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):169-75
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Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse enlargement of the
pituitary
gland
, which encroached on but did not compress the optic chiasm.
Once physiologic doses of glucocorticoids were instituted, however, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed substantial progression of the diffuse
pituitary
enlargement and mild compression of the optic chiasm.
An extensive evaluation for secondary causes of granulomatous inflammation of the
pituitary
revealed only an elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme level; no organisms were identified.
After 2 courses of high-dose glucocorticoids, she had radiographic evidence of decreased size of the
pituitary
lesion but continued to have multiple anterior
pituitary
hormone deficiencies.
CONCLUSION: Granulomatous hypophysitis and sarcoidosis of the
pituitary
are rare disorders.
Hypophysitis should be considered in patients receiving interferon and ribavirin therapy who have symptoms consistent with
pituitary
dysfunction.
[MeSH-major]
Granuloma / pathology. Interferon-alpha / adverse effects.
Pituitary
Diseases / pathology. Ribavirin / adverse effects
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.
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.
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(PMID = 17490932.001).
[ISSN]
1934-2403
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr Pract
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Antiviral Agents; 0 / Interferon-alpha; 0 / Recombinant Proteins; 49717AWG6K / Ribavirin; 99210-65-8 / interferon alfa-2b
48.
Riemenschneider MJ, Beseoglu K, Hänggi D, Reifenberger G:
Prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis in the pituitary gland.
Arch Neurol
; 2009 Aug;66(8):1036-7
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[Title]
Prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis in
the pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-major]
Adenocarcinoma / secondary.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ secondary. Prostatic
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
[MeSH-minor]
Abducens Nerve Diseases / etiology.
Diagnosis
, Differential. Diplopia / etiology. Endoscopy. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology
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(PMID = 19667229.001).
[ISSN]
1538-3687
[Journal-full-title]
Archives of neurology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Arch. Neurol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
49.
Schmook MT, Brugger PC, Weber M, Kasprian G, Nemec S, Krampl-Bettelheim E, Prayer D:
Forebrain development in fetal MRI: evaluation of anatomical landmarks before gestational week 27.
Neuroradiology
; 2010 Jun;52(6):495-504
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INTRODUCTION: Forebrain malformations include some of the most severe developmental anomalies and require early
diagnosis
.
The pituitary
gland
could be detected on T1w images in 60% with an increasing diameter with gestational age (p = 0.041).
The delineation of olfactory tracts (coronal plane), chiasm, SP and
pituitary
gland
were significantly increased after week 21 (p < 0.05).
[MeSH-major]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Prenatal
Diagnosis
/ methods. Prosencephalon / anatomy & histology. Prosencephalon / embryology
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[
16411247.001
]
(PMID = 20442992.001).
[ISSN]
1432-1920
[Journal-full-title]
Neuroradiology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Neuroradiology
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Germany
50.
Hilbe M, Jaros P, Ehrensperger F, Zlinszky K, Janett F, Hässig M, Thun R:
Histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings in testes, bulbourethral glands and brain of immunologically castrated male piglets.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd
; 2006 Nov;148(11):599-608
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Immunohistological detection of LH and FSH in
the pituitary
gland
of treated and control boars showed no quantifiable difference in the amount of these two gonadotropins and no lesions were visible in the hypothalamus and
the pituitary
gland
.
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(PMID = 17209509.001).
[ISSN]
0036-7281
[Journal-full-title]
Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde
[ISO-abbreviation]
Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Switzerland
[Chemical-registry-number]
33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
51.
Fuentes J, Brinca L, Guerreiro PM, Power DM:
PRL and GH synthesis and release from the sea bream (Sparus auratus L.) pituitary gland in vitro in response to osmotic challenge.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
; 2010 Aug 1;168(1):95-102
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[Title]
PRL and GH synthesis and release from the sea bream (Sparus auratus L.)
pituitary
gland
in vitro in response to osmotic challenge.
In order to further investigate this interaction sea bream were challenged with full seawater (SW) or freshwater (FW) for 7 days and the response
of pituitary
glands cultured in vitro to an osmotic challenge (230, 275 and 320 mOsm/kg) was assessed.
After FW challenge
pituitary
PRL content and
de
novo synthesised and released PRL were significantly increased (p<0.01), while total PRL secretion was not different from SW animals.
GH
pituitary
content decreased in FW animals while total secretion and secretion of
de
novo synthesised protein were significantly increased (p<0.01).
Taken together the results suggest that the sea bream
pituitary
gland
fails to respond appropriately to the osmotic challenge caused by low salinity and the physiological response evoked in vivo is not enough to allow this species to withstand and adapt to FW.
[MeSH-major]
Growth Hormone / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. Prolactin / metabolism. Sea Bream / physiology
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[Copyright]
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
(PMID = 20406642.001).
[ISSN]
1095-6840
[Journal-full-title]
General and comparative endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-62-4 / Prolactin; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone; EC 3.6.3.9 / Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
52.
Yilmazlar S, Bekar A, Taskapilioglu O, Tolunay S:
Isolated intrasellar tuberculoma mimicking pituitary adenoma.
J Clin Neurosci
; 2007 May;14(5):477-81
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[Title]
Isolated intrasellar tuberculoma mimicking
pituitary
adenoma.
A 37-year-old woman presenting with galactorrhea and menstrual irregularity due to an intrasellar lesion of the
pituitary
gland
underwent transsphenoidal surgery for histopathological
diagnosis
and removal of the lesion.
Although differential
diagnosis
of inflammatory pathologies of the intrasellar region presents difficulties, this patient demonstrates that tuberculoma should be considered.
[MeSH-major]
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
. Tuberculoma / complications
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(PMID = 17346976.001).
[ISSN]
0967-5868
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
[ISO-abbreviation]
J Clin Neurosci
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Scotland
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Antitubercular Agents
53.
Gajewska A, Wolińska-Witort E, Kochman K:
Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates luteinizing hormone subunit gene expression in the anterior pituitary in female rat.
Brain Res Bull
; 2005 Oct 30;67(4):319-26
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[Title]
Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates luteinizing hormone subunit gene expression in the anterior
pituitary
in female rat.
Though central microinjection of VIP revealed its involvement in the modulation of LH release pattern, there is a lack of data concerning a possible VIP influence on the alpha and LHbeta subunit gene expression in
the pituitary
gland
.
Northern-blot analysis revealed that VIP microinjection resulted in a decreased alpha and LHbeta mRNA content in
pituitary
gland
and this effect was dependent on GnRH receptor activity.
[MeSH-major]
Gene Expression / drug effects. Luteinizing Hormone / blood.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / drug effects. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / pharmacology
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(PMID = 16182940.001).
[ISSN]
0361-9230
[Journal-full-title]
Brain research bulletin
[ISO-abbreviation]
Brain Res. Bull.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Estrogens; 0 / Protein Subunits; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 37221-79-7 / Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone
54.
Sheikhazadi A, Sadr SS, Ghadyani MH, Taheri SK, Manouchehri AA, Nazparvar B, Mehrpour O, Ghorbani M:
Study of the normal internal organ weights in Tehran's population.
J Forensic Leg Med
; 2010 Feb;17(2):78-83
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RESULTS: The weight of the brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, thyroid
gland
,
the pituitary
gland
, the suprarenal glands, testes, prostate, ovaries and the uterus were collected from 914 males and 308 females between 15 and 88 years.
However such results have to be regularly updated by pathologists in order to keep organ weight as a good criterion used in postmortem
diagnosis
.
[MeSH-minor]
Adolescent. Adrenal Glands / anatomy & histology. Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Body Height. Body Mass Index. Body Weight. Brain / anatomy & histology. Female. Forensic Pathology. Heart / anatomy & histology. Humans. Iran. Kidney / anatomy & histology. Liver / anatomy & histology. Lung / anatomy & histology. Male. Middle Aged. Ovary / anatomy & histology. Pancreas / anatomy & histology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ anatomy & histology. Prospective Studies. Prostate / anatomy & histology. Sex Characteristics. Spleen / anatomy & histology. Testis / anatomy & histology. Thyroid
Gland
/ anatomy & histology. Uterus / anatomy & histology. Young Adult
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[Copyright]
Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
(PMID = 20129426.001).
[ISSN]
1878-7487
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of forensic and legal medicine
[ISO-abbreviation]
J Forensic Leg Med
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
England
55.
Merheb M, Hourani R, Zantout MS, Azar ST:
Endocrine dysfunction in a patient with PHACE syndrome, including port-wine stain of the right periorbital area.
Endocr Pract
; 2010 Mar-Apr;16(2):255-9
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Radiologic investigations included sagittal enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and
the pituitary
gland
as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography of the head and neck.
Laboratory investigations revealed both thyroid and GH deficiencies and confirmed the
diagnosis
of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
[MeSH-major]
Abnormalities, Multiple /
diagnosis
. Endocrine System Diseases /
diagnosis
. Hemangioma /
diagnosis
. Neurocutaneous Syndromes /
diagnosis
. Port-Wine Stain / pathology
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.
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(PMID = 20061274.001).
[ISSN]
1934-2403
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr Pract
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Thyroid Hormones; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
56.
Tabaee A, Anand VK, Barrón Y, Hiltzik DH, Brown SM, Kacker A, Mazumdar M, Schwartz TH:
Endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Neurosurg
; 2009 Sep;111(3):545-54
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[Title]
Endoscopic
pituitary
surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECT: Surgery on
the pituitary
gland
is increasingly being performed through an endoscopic approach.
Overall, the pooled rate of gross
tumor
removal was 78% (95% CI 67-89%).
Hormone resolution was achieved in 81% (95% CI 71-91%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting
tumors
, 84% (95% CI 76-92%) of growth hormone secreting
tumors
, and 82% (95% CI 70-94%) of prolactin secreting
tumors
.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis support the safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic
pituitary
surgery.
Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine
tumor
control.
[MeSH-major]
Neuroendoscopy / methods.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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[CommentIn]
J Neurosurg. 2010 Feb;112(2):471-2; author reply 472-3
[
20121378.001
]
[CommentIn]
J Neurosurg. 2014 Dec;121(6):1533
[
25280097.001
]
(PMID = 19199461.001).
[ISSN]
0022-3085
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of neurosurgery
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Neurosurg.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Number-of-references]
46
57.
Wang SY, Hsu SR, Su SL, Tu ST:
Sheehan's syndrome presenting with early postpartum congestive heart failure.
J Chin Med Assoc
; 2005 Aug;68(8):386-91
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Episodes of ventricular tachycardia of the torsade
de
pointes type and a prolonged QT interval were noted on baseline electrocardiogram.
The
diagnosis
was later supported by laboratory findings of multiple
pituitary
hormone deficiencies.
A
pituitary
magnetic resonance imaging scan 32 days after delivery revealed a diminished and flattened
pituitary
gland
with prominent intrasellar cerebrospinal fluid loculation, which was compatible with the clinical
diagnosis
of empty sella with panhypopituitarism.
The syndrome of acute anterior
pituitary
necrosis secondary to postpartum hemorrhage and shock was first described by Sheehan in 1939.
Although the occurrence of Sheehan's syndrome is now rare, it should still be considered in any woman with a history of peripartum hemorrhage who develops manifestations
of pituitary
hormone deficiency.
[MeSH-minor]
Adult.
Diagnosis
, Differential. Electrocardiography. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pregnancy
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(PMID = 16138719.001).
[ISSN]
1726-4901
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
[ISO-abbreviation]
J Chin Med Assoc
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
China (Republic : 1949- )
58.
Aznar Rodríguez S, Moreno Pérez O, Revert Marrahí P, Martínez Fuster S, Boix Carreño E, Picó Alfonso AM:
Silent corticotroph adenomas of the pituitary gland: apropos of two cases.
Endocrinol Nutr
; 2008 Oct;55(8):367-71
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[Title]
Silent corticotroph adenomas of the
pituitary
gland
: apropos of two cases.
The clinical course of these
tumors
varies: while some have an insidious course, others behave aggressively, especially during tumoral recurrence.
Given the absence of clinical and biochemical features of hypercortisolism, the definitive
diagnosis
is histological.
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[Copyright]
Copyright © 2008 Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.
(PMID = 22975601.001).
[ISSN]
1575-0922
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinología y nutrición : órgano de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinol Nutr
[Language]
eng; spa
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Spain
59.
Mancini T, Casanueva FF, Giustina A:
Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am
; 2008 Mar;37(1):67-99, viii
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Any process interfering with dopamine synthesis, its transport to
the pituitary
gland
, or its action at the level of lactotroph dopamine receptors can cause hyperprolactinemia.
[MeSH-major]
Hyperprolactinemia / pathology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology. Prolactinoma / pathology
Genetic Alliance.
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.
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.
The Lens.
Cited by Patents in
.
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(PMID = 18226731.001).
[ISSN]
0889-8529
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Dopamine Agonists; 0 / Ergolines; 3A64E3G5ZO / Bromocriptine
[Number-of-references]
189
60.
Strobl-Mazzulla PH, Lethimonier C, Gueguen MM, Karube M, Fernandino JI, Yoshizaki G, Patiño R, Strüssmann CA, Kah O, Somoza GM:
Brain aromatase (Cyp19A2) and estrogen receptors, in larvae and adult pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis: Neuroanatomical and functional relations.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
; 2008 Sep 1;158(2):191-201
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Both receptors' mRNAs largely overlap and were predominantly expressed in the brain,
pituitary
, liver, and gonads.
The estrogen receptors' mRNAs exhibited distinct but partially overlapping patterns of expression in the preoptic area and the mediobasal hypothalamus, as well as in
the pituitary
gland
.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
ESTRADIOL
.
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(PMID = 18691594.001).
[ISSN]
1095-6840
[Journal-full-title]
General and comparative endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; EC 1.14.14.1 / Aromatase
61.
Dooley GP, Reardon KF, Prenni JE, Tjalkens RB, Legare ME, Foradori CD, Tessari JE, Hanneman WH:
Proteomic analysis of diaminochlorotriazine adducts in wistar rat pituitary glands and LbetaT2 rat pituitary cells.
Chem Res Toxicol
; 2008 Apr;21(4):844-51
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[Title]
Proteomic analysis of diaminochlorotriazine adducts in wistar rat
pituitary
glands and LbetaT2 rat
pituitary
cells.
This research was designed to identify ATRA-induced protein adducts formed in
the pituitary
gland
of ATRA-exposed rats and in DACT-exposed LbetaT2 rat
pituitary
cells.
Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in both
pituitary
sections and LbetaT2 cells indicating the formation of DACT protein adducts.
[MeSH-major]
Atrazine / analogs & derivatives. Atrazine / toxicity. Herbicides / toxicity.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism
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(PMID = 18370413.001).
[ISSN]
0893-228X
[Journal-full-title]
Chemical research in toxicology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Chem. Res. Toxicol.
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / 5F32NS049892
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Herbicides; 0 / Proteins; 0 / diaminochlorotriazine; QJA9M5H4IM / Atrazine
62.
Massoud W, Paparel P, Lopez JG, Perrin P, Daumont M, Ruffion A:
Discovery of a pituitary adenoma following treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in a patient with prostate cancer.
Int J Urol
; 2006 Jan;13(1):87-8
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[Title]
Discovery of a
pituitary
adenoma following treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in a patient with prostate cancer.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists have been proven to have a double effect on androgen metabolism: an initially stimulating, followed by an inhibitory, effect on
the pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-major]
Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy. Adenoma / chemically induced. Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / adverse effects. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / agonists. Leuprolide / adverse effects.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ chemically induced. Prostatic
Neoplasms
/ drug therapy
[MeSH-minor]
Aged. Biopsy.
Diagnosis
, Differential. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Genetic Alliance.
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.
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.
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(PMID = 16448441.001).
[ISSN]
0919-8172
[Journal-full-title]
International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
[ISO-abbreviation]
Int. J. Urol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Australia
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; EFY6W0M8TG / Leuprolide
63.
de Rougemont A, Mourot MG, Riou JP:
Atypical thyrotropin-secreting pituitary microadenoma revealed by severe osteoporosis in a young man.
J Bone Miner Metab
; 2009;27(4):513-8
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[Title]
Atypical thyrotropin-secreting
pituitary
microadenoma revealed by severe osteoporosis in a young man.
Magnetic resonance imaging finally revealed a thyrotropic microadenoma of the
pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-major]
Hyperthyroidism / etiology. Osteoporosis / etiology. Osteoporosis / metabolism.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ complications.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ metabolism. Thyrotropin / metabolism
[MeSH-minor]
Adult. Alkaline Phosphatase / blood. Body Height. Body Weight. Bone Density / drug effects. Calcium / blood. Calcium / urine. Carbimazole / therapeutic use. Diphosphonates / pharmacology. Diphosphonates / therapeutic use. Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / blood. Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / secretion. Humans. Hydroxyproline / urine. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Octreotide / therapeutic use. Osteocalcin / blood. Phosphates / blood.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology.
Pituitary
Gland
/ surgery. Thyroxine / blood. Triiodothyronine / blood
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.
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.
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - Pituitary Tumors
.
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LEVOTHYROXINE
.
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LIOTHYRONINE
.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
CALCIUM, ELEMENTAL
.
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(PMID = 19252815.001).
[ISSN]
0914-8779
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of bone and mineral metabolism
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Bone Miner. Metab.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Japan
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Diphosphonates; 0 / Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; 0 / Phosphates; 06LU7C9H1V / Triiodothyronine; 104982-03-8 / Osteocalcin; 8KQ660G60G / Carbimazole; 9002-71-5 / Thyrotropin; EC 3.1.3.1 / Alkaline Phosphatase; Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine; RMB44WO89X / Hydroxyproline; RWM8CCW8GP / Octreotide; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium
64.
Simon D, Hadjiathanasiou C, Garel C, Czernichow P, Léger J:
Phenotypic variability in children with growth hormone deficiency associated with posterior pituitary ectopia.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
; 2006 Apr;64(4):416-22
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[Title]
Phenotypic variability in children with growth hormone deficiency associated with posterior
pituitary
ectopia.
OBJECTIVE: The cause of posterior
pituitary
ectopia (PPE) with anterior
pituitary
hormone deficiencies is unknown.
The objective of this study was to improve the phenotypic characterization of children with PPE and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to seek insight into the mechanisms underlying abnormal
pituitary
-
gland
development.
RESULTS: Known extra-
pituitary
birth defects (BD) were present in 31 patients (BD+, 52%) and absent in 29 patients (BD-).
CONCLUSION: The high rate of extra-
pituitary
BDs and of familial components supports a role for genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous
disorder
.
[MeSH-major]
Abnormalities, Multiple / pathology. Growth Disorders / pathology. Growth Hormone / deficiency.
Pituitary
Gland
, Posterior / abnormalities
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(PMID = 16584514.001).
[ISSN]
0300-0664
[Journal-full-title]
Clinical endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf)
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
65.
Ulfarsson E, Karström A, Yin S, Girnita A, Vasilcanu D, Thoren M, Kratz G, Hillman J, Axelson M, Larsson O, Girnita L:
Expression and growth dependency of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in craniopharyngioma cells: a novel therapeutic approach.
Clin Cancer Res
; 2005 Jul 1;11(13):4674-80
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Craniopharyngioma is a rare
benign
intracranial epithelial
tumor
that, however, often recurs and sometimes kills the affected patients, one-third of which are children.
Taken together, our data suggest that IGF-IR may be involved in the growth of a subset of craniopharyngiomas and points to the possibility of the involvement of IGF-IR inhibitors as a treatment modality to obtain complete
tumor
-free conditions before growth hormone substitution.
[MeSH-major]
Craniopharyngioma / pathology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology. Receptor, IGF Type 1 / biosynthesis
[MeSH-minor]
Adolescent. Adult. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Child. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Inhibitory Concentration 50. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / pharmacology. Middle Aged. Phosphorylation / drug effects. Podophyllotoxin / analogs & derivatives. Podophyllotoxin / pharmacology.
Tumor
Cells, Cultured
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.
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NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program
.
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(PMID = 16000560.001).
[ISSN]
1078-0432
[Journal-full-title]
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
[ISO-abbreviation]
Clin. Cancer Res.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0F35AOI227 / picropodophyllin; 67763-96-6 / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, IGF Type 1; L36H50F353 / Podophyllotoxin
66.
Wilkinson M, Brown R, Imran SA, Ur E:
Adipokine gene expression in brain and pituitary gland.
Neuroendocrinology
; 2007;86(3):191-209
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[Title]
Adipokine gene expression in brain and
pituitary
gland
.
This review outlines the evidence that several adipose-specific genes are also expressed in the central nervous system and
pituitary
gland
.
Leptin expression in rat brain and
pituitary
was regulated through development, by food restriction, and following traumatic brain injury.
In contrast, hypothalamic resistin mRNA was unaffected by age or by fasting, but was significantly depleted by food restriction in mouse
pituitary
gland
.
A similar convergence of signals in
the pituitary
gland
could also influence anterior
pituitary
hormone secretion.
In conclusion, the evidence is suggestive that brain and
pituitary
-derived adipokines represent a local regulatory circuit that may fine tune the feedback effects of adipose hormones in the control of energy balance.
[MeSH-major]
Brain / physiology. Energy Metabolism / physiology. Gene Expression. Peptide Hormones / genetics.
Pituitary
Gland
/ physiology
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[Copyright]
(c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
(PMID = 17878708.001).
[ISSN]
1423-0194
[Journal-full-title]
Neuroendocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Neuroendocrinology
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
[Publication-country]
Switzerland
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Adiponectin; 0 / Leptin; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Peptide Hormones; 0 / Resistin; 0 / adiponutrin
[Number-of-references]
172
67.
Krikorian A, Aron D:
Evaluation and management of pituitary incidentalomas--revisiting an acquaintance.
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
; 2006 Mar;2(3):138-45
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[Title]
Evaluation and management
of pituitary
incidentalomas--revisiting an acquaintance.
Incidentalomas of the
pituitary
gland
have been described with increasing frequency, paralleling the advances in diagnostic imaging modalities.
The first part of this article will review current data about the prevalence, natural history and potential morbidity associated with these
tumors
.
[MeSH-major]
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ therapy
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(PMID = 16932273.001).
[ISSN]
1745-8366
[Journal-full-title]
Nature clinical practice. Endocrinology & metabolism
[ISO-abbreviation]
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-62-4 / Prolactin; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone
[Number-of-references]
59
68.
Khanlian SA, Cole LA:
Management of gestational trophoblastic disease and other cases with low serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.
J Reprod Med
; 2006 Oct;51(10):812-8
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Recent publications show that the measurements of particular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) variants are extremely beneficial in the
diagnosis
, monitoring and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
Here we review the possible sources of hCG and the use of commercial tests in the optimal management of GTD, quiescent GTD,false positive hCG results, placental site trophoblastic
tumor
(PSTT) detection, nontrophoblastic
neoplasms
and
pituitary
hCG.
Hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H) measurements are ideal for discriminating active (invasive) from inactive (quiescent or
benign
) disease. hCG-H testing is also more sensitive than regular hCG in detecting recurrent or persistent disease.
After excluding false positive hCG results, and in the absence of any radiographic evidence
of tumor
, hCG-H should be measured before starting chemotherapy or surgery in women presenting with low hCG (<1,000 mIU/mL) with or without a history of GTD.
[MeSH-major]
Chorionic Gonadotropin / blood. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease /
diagnosis
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(PMID = 17086809.001).
[ISSN]
0024-7758
[Journal-full-title]
The Journal of reproductive medicine
[ISO-abbreviation]
J Reprod Med
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Chorionic Gonadotropin
[Number-of-references]
44
69.
Mousa SA, Mousa MA:
Involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropic hormone in the ovarian maturation, seawater acclimation, and induced spawning of Liza ramada.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
; 2006 Apr;146(2):167-79
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In the present study, we investigated the distribution and activities of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoreactive (ir) cells in the brain and
pituitary of
Liza ramada during ovarian maturation, seawater acclimation, and induction of spawning.
In
the pituitary
gland
, we detected some ACTH-producing cells in the rostral pars distalis (RPD) containing CRF immunoreactivity.
The synthetic and secretory activity of CRF-ir cells in the NPO and MO as well as ACTH-ir cells in
the pituitary
were enhanced during ovarian maturation.
During seawater acclimation, CRF-ir cells in the NPO and MO and ACTH-ir cells in
the pituitary
showed dramatic increases in their synthetic activity.
Finally, hormonally induced ovulation was accompanied with elevation of plasma cortisol and depletion of CRF and ACTH immunoreactivity within the brain and
the pituitary
gland
, respectively.
Mechanisms include enhancement of the synthetic and/or secretory activity of CRF-ir cells in the NPO and MO as well as ACTH-ir cells in
the pituitary
gland
along with a rise in plasma cortisol during ovulation, supporting the possible role of these hormones during stress and reproduction in L. ramada.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Brain / physiology. Female.
Pituitary
Gland
/ physiology. Seawater
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.
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(PMID = 16376890.001).
[ISSN]
0016-6480
[Journal-full-title]
General and comparative endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; 9015-71-8 / Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
70.
Mullen RD, Colvin SC, Hunter CS, Savage JJ, Walvoord EC, Bhangoo AP, Ten S, Weigel J, Pfäffle RW, Rhodes SJ:
Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in pituitary development.
Mol Cell Endocrinol
; 2007 Feb;265-266:190-5
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[Title]
Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in
pituitary
development.
The LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors play essential roles in
pituitary
gland
and nervous system development.
Analyses of the features of these diseases and the biochemical properties of the LHX3 and LHX4 proteins will facilitate a better understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate the development of the specialized hormone-secreting cells of the mammalian anterior
pituitary
gland
.
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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5):L1027-37
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Gene. 2001 Oct 17;277(1-2):239-50
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]
(PMID = 17210222.001).
[ISSN]
0303-7207
[Journal-full-title]
Molecular and cellular endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R01 HD042024; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / HD42024
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review
[Publication-country]
Ireland
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / LHX4 protein, human; 0 / LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Lhx3 protein; 0 / Lhx4 protein, mouse; 0 / Pituitary Hormones; 0 / Transcription Factors
[Number-of-references]
47
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS19374; NLM/ PMC1853274
71.
Diouf B, Collazos A, Labesse G, Macari F, Choquet A, Clair P, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Guérineau NC, Jay P, Hollande F, Joubert D:
A 20-amino acid module of protein kinase C{epsilon} involved in translocation and selective targeting at cell-cell contacts.
J Biol Chem
; 2009 Jul 10;284(28):18808-15
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In
the pituitary
gland
, activated protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms accumulate either selectively at the cell-cell contact (alpha and epsilon) or at the entire plasma membrane (beta1 and delta).
[MeSH-minor]
14-3-3 Proteins / chemistry. Amino Acid Sequence. Amino Acids / chemistry. Binding Sites. Cell Communication. Glutamic Acid / chemistry. Humans. Molecular Sequence Data.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism. Protein Conformation. Protein Structure, Secondary. Protein Structure, Tertiary. Protein Transport. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / chemistry
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[ISSN]
0021-9258
[Journal-full-title]
The Journal of biological chemistry
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Biol. Chem.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / 14-3-3 Proteins; 0 / Amino Acids; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid; EC 2.7.11.13 / Protein Kinase C-epsilon; NI40JAQ945 / Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ PMC2707237
72.
Breen KM, Davis TL, Doro LC, Nett TM, Oakley AE, Padmanabhan V, Rispoli LA, Wagenmaker ER, Karsch FJ:
Insight into the neuroendocrine site and cellular mechanism by which cortisol suppresses pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Endocrinology
; 2008 Feb;149(2):767-73
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[Title]
Insight into the neuroendocrine site and cellular mechanism by which cortisol suppresses
pituitary
responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Stress-like elevations in plasma glucocorticoids rapidly inhibit pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized sheep by reducing
pituitary
responsiveness to GnRH.
First, we demonstrated that a specific agonist of the type II GR, dexamethasone, mimics the suppressive action of cortisol on
pituitary
responsiveness to GnRH pulses in ovariectomized ewes.
We next determined that exposure of cultured ovine
pituitary
cells to cortisol reduced the LH response to pulse-like delivery of GnRH by 50% within 30 min, indicating a
pituitary
site of action.
Finally, we tested the hypothesis that suppression
of pituitary
responsiveness to GnRH in ovariectomized ewes is due to reduced tissue concentrations of GnRH receptor.
Collectively, these observations provide evidence that cortisol acts via the type II GR within
the pituitary
gland
to elicit a rapid decrease in responsiveness to GnRH, independent of changes in expression of the GnRH receptor.
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Endocrinology. 2004 Jun;145(6):2739-46
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15033919.001
]
(PMID = 17962347.001).
[ISSN]
0013-7227
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrinology
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / F32 HD051360; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R01 HD030773; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / HD051360; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / HD30773
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Glucocorticoids; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, LHRH; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 7S5I7G3JQL / Dexamethasone; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ PMC2219297
73.
Nitta Y, Satoh K, Suga S, Endo S, Nitta K:
Comparison of the effectiveness of high and low LET radiations for the proportion of survivals with liver tumors at every age in (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN) F1 mice.
J Vet Med Sci
; 2006 Jul;68(7):647-53
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[Title]
Comparison of the effectiveness of high and low LET radiations for the proportion of survivals with liver
tumors
at every age in (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN) F1 mice.
Following radiation,
tumor
incidences in liver, Harderian
gland
, lung, ovary and
pituitary
gland
were compared.
The proportion of the lifespan with liver
tumors
exposed to neutrons to that exposed to gamma rays was calculated as a function of age.
With regard to liver
tumor
incidence evaluated at 18 months of age, the effectiveness of neutrons to gamma rays was 2.54 for females, and 2.08 for males by the factor.
Levels of estrogen in the serum were similar between mice bearing liver
tumors
and those devoid of
tumors
.
Proportions of the lifespan with liver
tumors
of neutron-exposed to gamma-exposed were shorter in females than males along with ages over 12 months.
To obtain this factor at every age contributed for the evaluation of the biological effectiveness of radiations with the parameter
of tumor
incidence and latency simultaneously.
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(PMID = 16891775.001).
[ISSN]
0916-7250
[Journal-full-title]
The Journal of veterinary medical science
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Vet. Med. Sci.
[Language]
ENG
[Publication-type]
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
Japan
74.
Hoff JB, Dysko R, Kurachi S, Kurachi K:
Technique for performance and evaluation of parapharyngeal hypophysectomy in mice.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
; 2006 Mar;45(2):57-62
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3) selection of increasing sizes of dental burrs to create a foramen in the cranial base through which
the pituitary
gland
was removed; and 4) disuse of a tracheotomy for airway patency.
In addition, verification of successful
gland
removal was assessed by measuring major urinary protein (MUP) in the urine; presence of MUP indicated incomplete hypophysectomy.
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(PMID = 16542046.001).
[ISSN]
1559-6109
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Proteins; 0 / major urinary proteins; 9001-28-9 / Factor IX; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
75.
Yang H, Dixit VD, Patel K, Vandanmagsar B, Collins G, Sun Y, Smith RG, Taub DD:
Reduction in hypophyseal growth hormone and prolactin expression due to deficiency in ghrelin receptor signaling is associated with Pit-1 suppression: relevance to the immune system.
Brain Behav Immun
; 2008 Nov;22(8):1138-45
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Studies in primary cultures
of pituitary
cells from very young mice have shown that GHS-R1a agonists, including ghrelin, increase expression of the
pituitary
-specific transcription factor (Pit-1) that is critical for differentiation
of pituitary
cells into somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs.
Here, we now show that Pit-1 mRNA levels are significantly lower in
the pituitary
gland
of Ghsr-/- mice compared to wild-type littermates and also with advancing age.
To determine whether reduced GH is caused by reduced expression of Pit-1 in Ghsr-/- mice, we also measured prolactin (PRL) expression in
the pituitary
gland
and in the circulation.
The reduction in expression of both GH and PRL is consistent with a Pit-1 regulated pathway and demonstrates that the GHS-R has an important role in
the pituitary
gland
as a modulator of Pit-1 expression and provides a possible mechanism to explain the lower plasma IGF-1 and modestly reduced body weight exhibited by Ghsr-/- mice.
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Vitam Horm. 2008;77:325-46
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(PMID = 18602461.001).
[ISSN]
1090-2139
[Journal-full-title]
Brain, behavior, and immunity
[ISO-abbreviation]
Brain Behav. Immun.
[Language]
ENG
[Grant]
United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG018895; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG18895-02; United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 AG000758-10; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG19230-01; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01 AG019230
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Ghrelin; 0 / Transcription Factor Pit-1; 67763-96-6 / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS58373; NLM/ PMC2783985
76.
Kerr J, Wood W, Ridgway EC:
Basic science and clinical research advances in the pituitary transcription factors: Pit-1 and Prop-1.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
; 2008 Aug;15(4):359-63
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[Title]
Basic science and clinical research advances in
the pituitary
transcription factors: Pit-1 and Prop-1.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:
The pituitary
-specific transcription factors, Pit-1 (also called Pou1f1) and prophet of Pit-1 (Prop-1), are critical for normal
pituitary
development and function.
RECENT FINDINGS: A number of important basic research discoveries have been made in the area of the
pituitary
-specific transcription factors, Pit-1 and Prop-1.
Among these findings include: the effects of the Pit-1 coactivators, GATA-2 and TRAP-220, on the transcriptional regulation of the TSHbeta gene and thyrotropin expression, characterization of a novel
pituitary
regulator of Pit-1 expression, Atbf1, elucidation of the roles of Wnt and Notch signaling on Prop-1-mediated specification of the Pit-1 cell lineage and gonadotropes, and the identification of regulatory regions of the Prop-1 gene.
Advances in clinical research include: the identification of novel mutations in the human POU1F1 and PROP-1 genes, and screening guidelines for patients with combined
pituitary
hormone deficiencies and possible mutations in these transcription factors.
SUMMARY: Research into the complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate
the pituitary
gland
are important areas of developmental biology and normal physiology.
Clinically, such research has important implications for human diseases by identifying inheritable transcription factor mutations that may cause
pituitary
hormonal deficiencies.
[MeSH-major]
Homeodomain Proteins / genetics.
Pituitary
Diseases / genetics. Transcription Factor Pit-1 / genetics. Transcription Factors / genetics
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Biomedical Research. Gene Expression. Genetic Testing. Humans. Models, Genetic. Mutation.
Pituitary
Hormones / deficiency.
Pituitary
Hormones / metabolism. Signal Transduction
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - Pituitary Disorders
.
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(PMID = 18594277.001).
[ISSN]
1752-2978
[Journal-full-title]
Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity
[ISO-abbreviation]
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Pituitary Hormones; 0 / Prophet of Pit-1 protein; 0 / Transcription Factor Pit-1; 0 / Transcription Factors
[Number-of-references]
23
77.
La Rosa S, Uccella S, Dainese L, Marchet S, Placidi C, Vigetti D, Capella C:
Characterization of c-kit (CD117) expression in human normal pituitary cells and pituitary adenomas.
Endocr Pathol
; 2008;19(2):104-11
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[Title]
Characterization of c-kit (CD117) expression in human normal
pituitary
cells and
pituitary
adenomas.
In experimental animal models, c-kit has been detected in the pars intermedia of the normal
pituitary
gland
and in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone-positive adenomas and it has been suggested that it plays a role in regulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion.
To the best of our knowledge, the expression of c-kit in normal human
pituitary
cells and in
pituitary
adenomas has never been reported, so the possible biological role of this receptor in the control
of pituitary
hormone secretion remains unclear.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of c-kit in normal human
pituitary
glands and in a series of 62 well-characterized
pituitary
adenomas.
These data suggest that, in normal conditions, c-kit may be involved in
the pituitary
-adrenal axis regulation.
[MeSH-major]
Adenoma / metabolism.
Pituitary
Gland
/ metabolism.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / biosynthesis
[MeSH-minor]
ACTH-Secreting
Pituitary
Adenoma / metabolism. ACTH-Secreting
Pituitary
Adenoma / pathology. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Blotting, Western. Child. Female. Follicle Stimulating Hormone / blood. Growth Hormone-Secreting
Pituitary
Adenoma / metabolism. Growth Hormone-Secreting
Pituitary
Adenoma / pathology. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Luteinizing Hormone / blood. Male. Middle Aged. Paraffin Embedding. Prolactinoma / metabolism. Prolactinoma / pathology. Tissue Fixation
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Am J Dermatopathol. 2004 Dec;26(6):458-62
[
15618926.001
]
(PMID = 18568298.001).
[ISSN]
1046-3976
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine pathology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocr. Pathol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone; 9002-68-0 / Follicle Stimulating Hormone; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
78.
El-Naggar SM, Malik MT, Martin A, Moore JP, Proctor M, Hamid T, Kakar SS:
Development of cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium in Mullerian inhibitory substance type II receptor-pituitary tumor transforming gene transgenic mice.
J Endocrinol
; 2007 Jul;194(1):179-91
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[Title]
Development of cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium in Mullerian inhibitory substance type II receptor-
pituitary tumor
transforming gene transgenic mice.
The pituitary tumor
transforming gene (PTTG)/securin is an oncogene that is involved in cell cycle regulation and sister chromatid separation.
PTTG is highly expressed in various
tumors
including ovarian
tumors
, suggesting that PTTG may play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis.
Overexpression of PTTG resulted in induction of cellular transformation in vitro and
tumor
formation in nude mice.
PTTG expression was increased in ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian granulosa cells, as well as in
the pituitary
gland
.
Transgenic females did not develop any visible ovarian
tumors
at 8-10 months of age; however, there was an overall increase in the corpus luteum mass in transgenic ovary, suggesting increased luteinization.
[MeSH-major]
Endometrial Hyperplasia / genetics.
Neoplasm
Proteins / genetics. Receptors, Peptide / genetics
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(PMID = 17592032.001).
[ISSN]
0022-0795
[Journal-full-title]
The Journal of endocrinology
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Endocrinol.
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA124630; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA82511
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
England
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Peptide; 0 / Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; 0 / Securin; 0 / anti-Mullerian hormone receptor; 3XMK78S47O / Testosterone; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone
79.
Veldhuis JD, Keenan DM, Bowers CY:
Peripheral estrogen receptor-alpha selectively modulates the waveform of GH secretory bursts in healthy women.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
; 2007 Oct;293(4):R1514-21
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Estradiol (E(2)) drives growth hormone (GH) secretion via estrogen receptors (ER) located in the hypothalamus and
pituitary
gland
.
Given this complex network, one cannot a priori predict the selective roles of hypothalamic compared with
pituitary
ER pathways.
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.
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(PMID = 17686882.001).
[ISSN]
0363-6119
[Journal-full-title]
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR000585; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / AG-29362-01; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R21-DK-072095; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R01-AG-019695; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / MO1-RR-00585
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / Oligopeptides; 22X328QOC4 / fulvestrant; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol; 51110-01-1 / Somatostatin; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone; 9034-39-3 / Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; 94ZLA3W45F / Arginine; E6S6E1F19M / growth hormone-releasing peptide-2
80.
Kamouchi M, Wakugawa Y, Okada Y, Kishikawa K, Matsuo R, Toyoda K, Yasumori K, Inoue T, Ibayashi S, Iida M:
Venous infarction secondary to septic cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Intern Med
; 2006;45(1):25-7
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Postmortem examination demonstrated hemorrhagic infarction in the right frontotemporal lobe as well as hemorrhagic necrosis of the
pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-minor]
Aged. Fatal Outcome. Female. Humans. Necrosis / complications.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology
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(PMID = 16467601.001).
[ISSN]
1349-7235
[Journal-full-title]
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Intern. Med.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Japan
81.
Comlekci A, Yener S, Ertilav S, Secil M, Akinci B, Demir T, Kebapcilar L, Bayraktar F, Yesil S, Eraslan S:
Adrenal incidentaloma, clinical, metabolic, follow-up aspects: single centre experience.
Endocrine
; 2010 Feb;37(1):40-6
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To investigate clinical characteristics, metabolic parameters and follow-up findings of subjects with incidentally discovered adrenal
tumors
.
The vast majority of the participants (85.6%) had
benign
adrenal adenomas.
Subjects with adrenal adenomas had significantly smaller
tumor
diameters (P ≤ 0.001 vs. other
tumors
).
Sensitivity and specificity of 40 mm as a cut-off value in the differentiation of adrenal
gland
malignancies from
benign
tumors
was 73.3 and 54.8%, respectively.
During 24 months follow-up 10.2% of adenomas featured increase in
tumor
diameter and 2.06% developed sCS.
Young subjects featured more stable
tumor
diameter and hormonal status.
Most of the incidentally discovered adrenal
tumors
were non-functioning adrenal adenomas.
Clinically overt hormone hypersecretion syndromes were mainly shown in young subjects, while adrenal
gland
malignancies and sCS were more common in older ages.
[MeSH-minor]
Adenoma / blood. Adenoma / physiopathology. Adenoma / therapy. Adenoma / urine. Adolescent. Adrenal Cortex Hormones / blood. Adrenal Cortex Hormones / urine. Adrenal
Gland Neoplasms
/ blood. Adrenal
Gland Neoplasms
/ physiopathology. Adrenal
Gland Neoplasms
/ therapy. Adrenal
Gland Neoplasms
/ urine. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / blood. Adult. Aged. Aging. Cushing Syndrome / epidemiology. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Hypertension / epidemiology. Male. Metanephrine / urine. Middle Aged. Normetanephrine / urine. Prevalence. Retrospective Studies. Turkey / epidemiology. Young Adult
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Radiology. 2008 Dec;249(3):756-75
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J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):998-1003
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11889151.001
]
(PMID = 19882253.001).
[ISSN]
1559-0100
[Journal-full-title]
Endocrine
[ISO-abbreviation]
Endocrine
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Adrenal Cortex Hormones; 0J45DE6B88 / Normetanephrine; 5001-33-2 / Metanephrine; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adrenal incidentaloma
82.
Nejadkazem M, Samii A, Fahlbusch R, Bidadi S:
A simplified direct endonasal approach for transsphenoidal surgery.
Minim Invasive Neurosurg
; 2008 Oct;51(5):272-4
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It is the least traumatic route to the sella turcica, it avoids brain retraction, and it provides excellent visualization of the
pituitary
gland
and lesions related to that structure.
[MeSH-major]
Nasal Cavity / surgery. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods.
Pituitary
Gland
/ surgery. Sella Turcica / surgery. Sphenoid Bone / surgery
[MeSH-minor]
Endoscopy / methods. Humans. Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / instrumentation. Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / methods.
Pituitary
Diseases / surgery. Postoperative Complications / prevention & control. Sphenoid Sinus / anatomy & histology. Sphenoid Sinus / surgery. Treatment Outcome
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(PMID = 18855291.001).
[ISSN]
0946-7211
[Journal-full-title]
Minimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN
[ISO-abbreviation]
Minim Invasive Neurosurg
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Germany
83.
Parrott J, Mullins ME:
Postoperative imaging of the pituitary gland.
Top Magn Reson Imaging
; 2005 Jul;16(4):317-23
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[Title]
Postoperative imaging of the
pituitary
gland
.
Imaging often plays an important role in the management of patients who have been surgically treated for
pituitary
disease.
The primary goals of the radiologist are to recognize normal postoperative findings, to distinguish iatrogenic changes in the sella and surrounding regions from residual
tumor
, and to detect surgical or therapy-related complications when apparent on imaging.
Accurate assessment of the postoperative
pituitary
region requires an understanding of the normal sellar anatomy and of the common neurosurgical techniques applied to this region and familiarity with the appearance of this region in both the acute postoperative setting and also upon subsequent subacute and later examinations.
[MeSH-major]
Pituitary
Diseases /
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Gland
/ pathology. Postoperative Care. Sella Turcica / pathology
[MeSH-minor]
Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Postoperative Complications /
diagnosis
. Sphenoid Sinus / pathology
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(PMID = 16785847.001).
[ISSN]
0899-3459
[Journal-full-title]
Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI
[ISO-abbreviation]
Top Magn Reson Imaging
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
United States
[Number-of-references]
20
84.
Ghander C, Lussato D, Conte Devolx B, Mundler O, Taïeb D:
Incidental diagnosis of struma ovarii after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer: functional imaging studies and follow-up.
Gynecol Oncol
; 2006 Aug;102(2):378-80
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[Title]
Incidental
diagnosis
of struma ovarii after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer: functional imaging studies and follow-up.
BACKGROUND: Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian germ-cell
tumor
containing thyroid tissue.
We report an unusual case of incidental
diagnosis
of struma ovarii after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.
Histopathological analysis revealed a
benign
struma ovarii.
CONCLUSION: Only few cases of incidental scintigraphic
diagnosis
of struma ovarii have been described.
[MeSH-major]
Ovarian
Neoplasms
/
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery. Struma Ovarii /
diagnosis
. Thyroid
Neoplasms
/ surgery
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(PMID = 16516952.001).
[ISSN]
0090-8258
[Journal-full-title]
Gynecologic oncology
[ISO-abbreviation]
Gynecol. Oncol.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
85.
Feiz-Erfan I, Rao G, White WL, McCutcheon IE:
Efficacy of Trans-septal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Correcting Visual Symptoms Caused by Hematogenous Metastases to the Sella and Pituitary Gland.
Skull Base
; 2008 Mar;18(2):77-84
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[Title]
Efficacy of Trans-septal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Correcting Visual Symptoms Caused by Hematogenous Metastases to the Sella and
Pituitary
Gland
.
The rate of symptomatic improvement of visual symptoms associated with hematogenous metastases to the sella and
pituitary
was evaluated retrospectively in seven patients (five men, two women; mean age, 52.3 years) with primarily visual symptoms (diplopia alone in three, diplopia with blurred vision in one, blurred vision alone in one, loss of peripheral vision in one, and unilateral complete blindness in one).
Five patients developed complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage in three, diabetes insipidus in two, anterior
pituitary
dysfunction in two, and colitis in one).
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Urology. 2003 Aug;62(2):352
[
12893361.001
]
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[
12632120.001
]
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J Neurosurg. 2004 Dec;101(6):1053-6
[
15597769.001
]
(PMID = 18769652.001).
[ISSN]
1531-5010
[Journal-full-title]
Skull base : official journal of North American Skull Base Society ... [et al.]
[ISO-abbreviation]
Skull Base
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ PMC2435478
[Keywords]
NOTNLM ; Metastatic disease / pituitary gland / sellar mass / sublabial / transnasal / vision
86.
Lincoln GA, Hazlerigg DG:
Mammalian circannual pacemakers.
Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl
; 2010;67:171-86
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The concept is that in specific sites in the brain,
pituitary
and peripheral tissues, residual populations of progenitor cells (adult stem cells) synchronously initiate a phase of cell division to begin a cycle.
We have begun to characterise such a tissue-based timer in our Soay sheep model focusing on the pars tuberalis (PT) of the
pituitary
gland
and the sub-ventricular zone of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) as potential circannual pacemakers.
The PT is of special interest because it is a melatonin-responsive tissue containing undifferentiated cells, strategically located at the gateway between the brain and
pituitary
gland
.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Birds. Photoperiod.
Pituitary
Gland
/ physiology. Reproduction / physiology. Sciuridae
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(PMID = 21755671.001).
[ISSN]
1747-3403
[Journal-full-title]
Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement
[ISO-abbreviation]
Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United Kingdom / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / / ; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / /
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
England
87.
Herman AP, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D:
Effect of endotoxin on the expression of GnRH and GnRHR genes in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland of anestrous ewes.
Anim Reprod Sci
; 2010 Jul;120(1-4):105-11
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[Title]
Effect of endotoxin on the expression of GnRH and GnRHR genes in the hypothalamus and anterior
pituitary
gland
of anestrous ewes.
An immune/inflammatory challenge can affect reproduction at the level of the hypothalamus,
pituitary
gland
, or gonads.
Nonetheless, the major impact is thought to occur within the brain or
the pituitary
gland
.
The present study was designed to examine the effect of intravenous (i.v.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection on the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) genes in the hypothalamic structures where GnRH neurons are located as well as in the anterior
pituitary
gland
(AP) of anestrous ewes.
Together, these observations indicate that inflammatory challenge can affect the reproductive system at the hypothalamic level through modulation of the activity of GnRH-ergic neurons as well as at the level of the AP via inhibition of LH secretion or/and through reduction of the sensitivity of GnRH reactive
pituitary
cells to GnRH stimulation.
[MeSH-major]
Anestrus / drug effects. Endotoxins / pharmacology. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / genetics. Hypothalamus / drug effects.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / drug effects. Receptors, LHRH / genetics. Sheep
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[Copyright]
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
(PMID = 20427135.001).
[ISSN]
1873-2232
[Journal-full-title]
Animal reproduction science
[ISO-abbreviation]
Anim. Reprod. Sci.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
Netherlands
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Endotoxins; 0 / Lipopolysaccharides; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, LHRH; 33515-09-2 / Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; 67924-63-4 / endotoxin, Escherichia coli; 9002-67-9 / Luteinizing Hormone
88.
Sánchez-Lemus E, Benicky J, Pavel J, Saavedra JM:
In vivo Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade selectively inhibits LPS-induced innate immune response and ACTH release in rat pituitary gland.
Brain Behav Immun
; 2009 Oct;23(7):945-57
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[Title]
In vivo Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade selectively inhibits LPS-induced innate immune response and ACTH release in rat
pituitary
gland
.
Systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces an innate immune response and stimulates the hypothalamic-
pituitary
-adrenal axis.
We studied Angiotensin II AT(1) receptor participation in the LPS effects with focus on
the pituitary
gland
.
LPS (50 microg/kg, i.p.) enhanced, 3h after administration, gene expression
of pituitary
CD14 and that of Angiotensin II AT(1A) receptors in
pituitary
and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN); stimulated ACTH and corticosterone release; decreased
pituitary
CRF(1) receptor mRNA and increased all plasma and
pituitary
pro-inflammatory factors studied.
The AT(1) receptor blocker (ARB) candesartan (1mg/kg/day, s.c. daily for 3 days before LPS) blocked
pituitary
and PVN AT(1) receptors, inhibited LPS-induced ACTH but not corticosterone secretion and decreased LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 to the circulation.
The ARB reduced LPS-induced
pituitary
gene expression of IL-6, LIF, iNOS, COX-2 and IkappaB-alpha; and prevented LPS-induced increase of nNOS/eNOS activity.
When administered alone, the ARB increased basal plasma corticosterone levels and basal PGE(2) mRNA in
pituitary
.
Our results demonstrate that
the pituitary
gland
is a target for systemically administered LPS.
AT(1) receptor activity is necessary for the complete
pituitary
response to LPS and is limited to specific pro-inflammatory pathways.
There is a complementary and complex influence of the PVN and circulating cytokines on the initial
pituitary
response to LPS.
[MeSH-major]
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / secretion. Cytokines / blood. Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / physiology.
Pituitary
-Adrenal System / physiology. Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / metabolism
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(PMID = 19427376.001).
[ISSN]
1090-2139
[Journal-full-title]
Brain, behavior, and immunity
[ISO-abbreviation]
Brain Behav. Immun.
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 MH002762-11
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; 0 / Benzimidazoles; 0 / Cytokines; 0 / Lipopolysaccharides; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; 0 / Tetrazoles; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; K7Q1JQR04M / Dinoprostone; S8Q36MD2XX / candesartan; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone
[Other-IDs]
NLM/ NIHMS116172; NLM/ PMC2749886
89.
Kuo YT, Herlihy AH, So PW, Bhakoo KK, Bell JD:
In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride.
J Magn Reson Imaging
; 2005 Apr;21(4):334-9
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T1 and T2 maps for each MRI transverse slice were generated using commercial software, and T1 and T2 values of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM),
pituitary
gland
, and lateral ventricle were obtained.
Significant decreases in T1 values were seen for
the pituitary
gland
and the ventricles 15 minutes after either IV or IP injection.
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Chlorides / administration & dosage. Female. Injections, Intraperitoneal. Injections, Intravenous. Injections, Subcutaneous. Lateral Ventricles / drug effects. Lateral Ventricles / physiology. Mice. Mice, Inbred C57BL.
Pituitary
Gland
/ drug effects.
Pituitary
Gland
/ physiology
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - MRI Scans
.
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.
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MANGANESE, ELEMENTAL
.
The Lens.
Cited by Patents in
.
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[Copyright]
Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
(PMID = 15779025.001).
[ISSN]
1053-1807
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
[ISO-abbreviation]
J Magn Reson Imaging
[Language]
eng
[Grant]
United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U120061305
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Chlorides; 0 / Contrast Media; 42Z2K6ZL8P / Manganese
90.
Schäffler A:
[Treatment of pituitary gland hyperfunction: from acromegaly to prolactinoma].
Internist (Berl)
; 2006 Dec;47(12):1215-6, 1218-20, 1222
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[Title]
[Treatment
of pituitary
gland
hyperfunction: from acromegaly to prolactinoma].
[MeSH-major]
Acromegaly / therapy. Adenoma / therapy. Hyperpituitarism / therapy.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ therapy. Prolactinoma / therapy
Genetic Alliance.
consumer health - Acromegaly
.
MedlinePlus Health Information.
consumer health - Pituitary Tumors
.
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[ISSN]
0020-9554
[Journal-full-title]
Der Internist
[ISO-abbreviation]
Internist (Berl)
[Language]
ger
[Publication-type]
English Abstract; Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
Germany
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Dopamine Antagonists; 0 / Receptors, Somatotropin; 51110-01-1 / Somatostatin
[Number-of-references]
42
91.
Chesnokova V, Zonis S, Ben-Shlomo A, Wawrowsky K, Melmed S:
Molecular mechanisms of pituitary adenoma senescence.
Front Horm Res
; 2010;38:7-14
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[Title]
Molecular mechanisms
of pituitary
adenoma senescence.
As commonly encountered
pituitary
adenomas are invariably
benign
, we examined protective
pituitary
proliferative mechanisms.
Cellular senescence is characterized by a largely irreversible cell cycle arrest and constitutes a strong anti-proliferative response, which can be triggered by DNA damage, chromosomal instability and aneuploidy, loss
of tumor
suppressive signaling or oncogene activation.
In this review we highlight an intrinsic predisposition
of pituitary
tumors
to exhibit senescence-associated molecular pathways and show prospective mechanisms underlying
the benign
nature of these commonly encountered
tumors
.
[MeSH-major]
Adenoma / pathology. Cell Aging.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ pathology
[MeSH-minor]
Animals. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / physiology. Humans.
Neoplasm
Proteins / physiology. Securin
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[Copyright]
Copyright (c) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.
(PMID = 20616490.001).
[ISSN]
0301-3073
[Journal-full-title]
Frontiers of hormone research
[ISO-abbreviation]
Front Horm Res
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Review
[Publication-country]
Switzerland
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / CDKN1A protein, human; 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Securin
[Number-of-references]
43
92.
Losa M, Mortini P, Barzaghi R, Ribotto P, Terreni MR, Marzoli SB, Pieralli S, Giovanelli M:
Early results of surgery in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma and analysis of the risk of tumor recurrence.
J Neurosurg
; 2008 Mar;108(3):525-32
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[Title]
Early results of surgery in patients with nonfunctioning
pituitary
adenoma and analysis of the risk
of tumor
recurrence.
OBJECT: Nonfunctioning
pituitary
adenomas (NFPAs) are
benign
tumors
of the
pituitary
gland
that typically cause visual and/or hormonal dysfunction.
Surgery is the treatment of choice, but patients remain at risk for
tumor
recurrence for several years afterwards.
The authors evaluate the early results of surgery and the long-term risk
of tumor
recurrence in patients with NFPAs.
Determinations of recurrence or growth of the residual
tumor
tissue during the follow-up period were based on neuroradiological criteria.
RESULTS: Residual
tumor
after surgery was detected in 173 patients (36.4%).
Multivariate analysis showed that invasion of the cavernous sinus, maximum
tumor
diameter, and absence
of tumor
apoplexy were associated with an unfavorable surgical outcome.
Tumors
recurred in 83 patients (19.0%).
When
tumor
removal appeared complete, younger age at surgery was associated with a risk
of tumor
recurrence.
In patients with incomplete
tumor
removal, adjunctive postoperative radiotherapy had a marked protective effect against growth of residual
tumor
.
Visual symptoms and, less frequently,
pituitary
function may improve after surgery.
However,
tumor
can recur in patients after apparently complete surgical removal.
In patients with incomplete
tumor
removal, radiation therapy is the most effective adjuvant therapy for preventing residual
tumor
growth.
[MeSH-major]
Adenoma / surgery.
Neoplasm
Recurrence, Local / etiology.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ surgery
[MeSH-minor]
Adolescent. Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Child. Cohort Studies. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged.
Neoplasm
, Residual. Risk Assessment. Time Factors. Treatment Outcome
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(PMID = 18312100.001).
[ISSN]
0022-3085
[Journal-full-title]
Journal of neurosurgery
[ISO-abbreviation]
J. Neurosurg.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article
[Publication-country]
United States
93.
Ellestad LE, Carre W, Muchow M, Jenkins SA, Wang X, Cogburn LA, Porter TE:
Gene expression profiling during cellular differentiation in the embryonic pituitary gland using cDNA microarrays.
Physiol Genomics
; 2006 May 16;25(3):414-25
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[Title]
Gene expression profiling during cellular differentiation in the embryonic
pituitary
gland
using cDNA microarrays.
The anterior
pituitary
is comprised of five major hormone-secreting cell types that differentiate during embryonic development in a temporally distinct manner.
Although genes with these expression profiles are likely involved in development of the
pituitary
gland
as a whole, some of these could be specifically associated with thyrotroph differentiation.
This is the first study to evaluate changes in anterior
pituitary
gene expression during embryonic development of any species using microarrays, and numerous transcription factors and signaling molecules not previously implicated in
pituitary
development were identified.
[MeSH-major]
Cell Differentiation / genetics.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / embryology.
Pituitary
Gland
, Anterior / metabolism
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(PMID = 16493019.001).
[ISSN]
1531-2267
[Journal-full-title]
Physiological genomics
[ISO-abbreviation]
Physiol. Genomics
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
[Publication-country]
United States
[Chemical-registry-number]
0 / Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Thyrotropin, beta Subunit; 0 / Transcription Factors; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; 9002-72-6 / Growth Hormone
94.
Akahori H, Sugimoto T:
Lymphocytic hypophysitis with a long latent period from onset of central diabetes insipidus to development of pituitary enlargement.
Intern Med
; 2010;49(15):1565-71
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[Title]
Lymphocytic hypophysitis with a long latent period from onset of central diabetes insipidus to development
of pituitary
enlargement.
Initial
pituitary
MRI imaging was normal, except for loss of the "bright spot" of the posterior lobe.
A
diagnosis
of idiopathic diabetes insipidus was made.
Two years later,
pituitary
gland
enlargement with panhypopituitarism was detected.
Eight months after commencing a replacement dose of corticosteroid,
the pituitary
enlargement was reduced in size.
These findings resulted in a
diagnosis
of lymphocytic hypophysitis.
In patients with idiopathic diabetes insipidus, it is important to suspect lymphocytic hypophysitis and to perform a long follow-up to repeat endocrinological examinations and
pituitary
imaging.
[MeSH-major]
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / complications. Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic /
diagnosis
. Lymphocytes / pathology.
Pituitary
Diseases /
diagnosis
.
Pituitary
Diseases / etiology
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(PMID = 20686292.001).
[ISSN]
1349-7235
[Journal-full-title]
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
[ISO-abbreviation]
Intern. Med.
[Language]
eng
[Publication-type]
Case Reports; Journal Article
[Publication-country]
Japan
95.
Aghi M, Barker FG 2nd:
Benign adult brain tumors: an evidence-based medicine review.
Prog Neurol Surg
; 2006;19:80-96
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[Title]
Benign
adult brain
tumors
: an evidence-based medicine review.
BACKGROUND:
Benign
adult brain
tumors
can be managed conservatively or using surgery, radiation, or medicines.
While randomized comparisons assessing
tumor
recurrence, quality of life, or survival are the ideal means of comparing treatments, it can be difficult to recruit patients to such trials and lengthy follow-up periods are needed because of the slowly progressive natural history of these
tumors
.
METHODS: Review of the literature on
benign
adult brain
tumors
using evidence-based standards and focusing on meningiomas,
pituitary
adenomas, and vestibular schwannomas, which together represent the majority of WHO grade 1 adult brain
tumors
.
RESULTS: Nearly all studies
of benign
adult brain
tumors
were of relatively poor quality (level 3 or poorer).
Radiosurgery is effective in nonfunctional
pituitary
adenomas recurring after surgery, while phototherapy is a newer treatment modality with potential benefits in
pituitary
adenomas that fail surgery or radiation.
CONCLUSIONS: While randomized clinical trials comparing conservative management, surgery, radiation, and medical management
of benign
adult
benign
tumors
are unlikely to occur, there is some level 3 evidence that can assist in their treatment.
[MeSH-major]
Brain
Neoplasms
/ therapy. Evidence-Based Medicine
[MeSH-minor]
Adenoma / therapy. Adult. Humans. Meningeal
Neoplasms
/ therapy. Meningioma / therapy. Neuroma, Acoustic / therapy. Neurosurgical Procedures. Phototherapy.
Pituitary
Neoplasms
/ therapy. Radiosurgery
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