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Since no previous studies have investigated the effect of ECM proteins on the expression of islet cell markers by cultured OC, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether FN and LAM modulate the expression of genes related to the endocrine pancreas in these liver cells.

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(PMID = 17149594.001).

[ISSN] 0302-766X

[Journal-full-title] Cell and tissue research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell Tissue Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Eye Proteins; 0 / Fibronectins; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Insulin; 0 / Laminin; 0 / PAX6 protein; 0 / Paired Box Transcription Factors; 0 / Pancreatic Hormones; 0 / Propanols; 0 / Repressor Proteins; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; 3W678R12M0 / allyl alcohol; 9007-92-5 / Glucagon; 9M98QLJ2DL / 2-Acetylaminofluorene

   

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[Title] Retraction. Adult stem cells regenerate the endocrine pancreas and normalize hyperglycaemia and insulin production in diabetic mice. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol (2005) 89: 184-190.

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[RetractionOf] Huss R, Xiangwei X, Heimberg H. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 2005;89:184-90 [18035689.001]

(PMID = 19039619.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1963

[Journal-full-title] Der Pathologe

[ISO-abbreviation] Pathologe

[Language] eng; ger

[Publication-type] Retraction of Publication

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Endocrine and metabolic actions of ghrelin.

This peptide, whose acylation is performed by a specific octanoyl-transferase, is predominantly produced by the stomach, although expressed by many other endocrine and nonendocrine, peripheral and central tissues.

GRLN receptors have been well demonstrated either in the endocrine pancreas or the adipose tissue; at these levels there are receptors that bind GRLN independently of its acylation (therefore a non-GHS-R1a, still undefined receptor).

[MeSH-major] Endocrine Glands / physiology. Ghrelin / physiology. Metabolism / physiology

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 19955759.001).

[ISSN] 1662-2979

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine development

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr Dev

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ghrelin; 0 / Gonadotropins; 0 / Insulin; 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; 9002-62-4 / Prolactin; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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[Title] Broad tumor spectrum in a mouse model of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome typified by development of tumors in parathyroid, pituitary and endocrine pancreas, as well as less common sites including both endocrine and nonendocrine organs.

Deletion or mutation of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 on chromosome 11 has been identified in many cases of MEN1 as well as in sporadic tumors.

Here we describe a mouse model of MEN1 in which tumors were seen in pancreatic islets, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries.

The observed tumor spectrum therefore includes types commonly seen in MEN1 patients and additional types.

Pancreatic pathology was most common, evident in over 80% of animals, while other tumor types developed with lower frequency and generally later onset.

Tumors of multiple endocrine organs were observed frequently, but progression to carcinoma and metastasis were not evident.

Menin expression was below the level of detection in ovary, thyroid and testis, but loss of nuclear menin immunoreactivity was observed uniformly in all pancreatic islet adenomas and in some hyperplastic islet cells, suggesting that complete loss of Men1 is a critical point in islet tumor progression in this model.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / pathology. Disease Models, Animal. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Mice / genetics. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / pathology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Animals. DNA, Neoplasm / analysis. Exons / genetics. Female. Genes, Tumor Suppressor. Male. Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational / genetics

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[Copyright] (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 17044021.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7136

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; 0 / Men1 protein, mouse; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins

   

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The aberrant formation of the endocrine pancreas, caused by miR-375 knockdown, is one of the first loss-of-function phenotypes for an individual miRNA in vertebrate development.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Base Sequence. Cell Movement / physiology. Genes, Reporter. Humans. In Situ Hybridization. Islets of Langerhans / cytology. Islets of Langerhans / embryology. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Molecular Sequence Data. Phenotype. RNA Precursors / genetics. RNA Precursors / metabolism. Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics. Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism. Sequence Alignment. Zebrafish Proteins / genetics. Zebrafish Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 17676975.001).

[ISSN] 1545-7885

[Journal-full-title] PLoS biology

[ISO-abbreviation] PLoS Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MicroRNAs; 0 / Oligonucleotides, Antisense; 0 / RNA Precursors; 0 / Recombinant Fusion Proteins; 0 / Zebrafish Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1925136

   

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[Title] [Metabolic syndrome and hormonal interaction in obese and type 2 diabetic Algerian subject: the behavior eating disorder impact].

[Transliterated title] Syndrome métabolique et interaction hormonale chez le sujet obèse et le patient diabétique de type 2 algérien: impact des troubles du comportement alimentaire.

In response to nutritional stress, the BED generates a hyperactivity of endocrine pancreas, adrenal gland, and pituitary gland.

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(PMID = 19411234.001).

[ISSN] 0003-3898

[Journal-full-title] Annales de biologie clinique

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris)

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Peptides; 0 / Triglycerides; 0 / polypeptide C; 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone; 4429-04-3 / Fructosamine; 97C5T2UQ7J / Cholesterol

   

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UCP2 mRNA is expressed in a wide range of tissues; however UCP2 protein expression is restricted to fewer tissues, including the endocrine pancreas, spleen, stomach, brain and the lung.

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(PMID = 18220632.001).

[ISSN] 1573-3998

[Journal-full-title] Current diabetes reviews

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Diabetes Rev

[Language] ENG

[Grant] None / None / / 43987; Canada / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / / 43987

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United Arab Emirates

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Insulin; 0 / Ion Channels; 0 / Mitochondrial Proteins; 0 / mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; 0 / mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3

[Number-of-references] 168

[Other-IDs] NLM/ CAMS820; NLM/ PMC3060851

   

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In this study, we further explored the role of MCH in the endocrine pancreas.

Both MCH and MCHR1 are expressed in mouse and human islets and in clonal beta-cell lines as assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Interestingly, MCH enhanced insulin secretion in human and mouse islets and rodent beta-cell lines in a dose-dependent manner.

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(PMID = 17259374.001).

[ISSN] 0012-1797

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / K08 DK 02885; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30 DK040561; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK 67536; None / None / / P30 DK040561-11; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK 46960; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R03 DK 66207; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30 DK 040561; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30 DK040561-11; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK 68721; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P01 DK 53115; United States / PHS HHS / / 5P30 36836

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dietary Fats; 0 / Hypothalamic Hormones; 0 / Insulin; 0 / Melanins; 0 / Pituitary Hormones; 0 / Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; 0 / melanin-concentrating hormone receptor; 67382-96-1 / melanin-concentrating hormone; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

   

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[Title] Morphology of neuropeptide Y immunopositive ganglia in the mouse pancreas.

The current immunohistochemical study used the antibody against neuropeptide Y (NPY) to observe the morphology of the autonomic ganglia in the mouse pancreas.

Two types of ganglia were observed and they included the endocrine-contact ganglia that made contact with the endocrine pancreas and the interstitial ganglia, which were located in the interstitial space.

The interstitial ganglia showed intense NPY-immunostaining than the endocrine-contact ganglia and were also closely associated with the NPY-immunopositive nerve fibres and varicose nerve fibres compared to the endocrine-contact ganglia.

The endocrine-contact ganglia were also stained positively against the NPY, but the intensity of staining was weaker compared to that of the interstitial ganglia.

The ganglia were seen to have a direct contact with NPY-immunopositive cells of the endocrine pancreas.

Endocrine-contact ganglia were associated with a few NPY-immunopostive varicose nerve fibres but were not in contact with NPY-immunopoisitive large nerve bundles.

The current observation revealed that the interstitial ganglia of the mouse pancreas showed intense NPY-immunoreactivity compared to endocrine contact ganglia and that the interstitial ganglia are associated with numerous NPY-immunopositive nerve terminals.

[MeSH-major] Ganglia, Autonomic / metabolism. Neurons / metabolism. Neuropeptide Y / metabolism. Pancreas / innervation

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Autonomic Pathways / cytology. Autonomic Pathways / metabolism. Blood Vessels / cytology. Blood Vessels / innervation. Blood Vessels / metabolism. Cell Shape / physiology. Immunohistochemistry. Islets of Langerhans / cytology. Islets of Langerhans / innervation. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Male. Mice. Mice, Inbred BALB C. Microcirculation / cytology. Microcirculation / innervation. Microcirculation / metabolism. Presynaptic Terminals / metabolism. Presynaptic Terminals / ultrastructure

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(PMID = 17312923.001).

[ISSN] 1122-6714

[Journal-full-title] Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia

[ISO-abbreviation] Ital J Anat Embryol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Neuropeptide Y

   

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[Title] An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine pancreas of the African ice rat, Otomys sloggetti robertsi.

The study reported here examines the endocrine pancreas of this species using immunohistochemical techniques.

The islets of Langerhans were scattered in the exocrine pancreas and tended to be quite small.

Scattered single endocrine cells (mostly immunoreactive for insulin) were found in the exocrine pancreas and were not generally associated with ducts (as marked by pan-cytokeratin labeling).

The normal islet architecture of insulin in the center and glucagon, somatostatin (SS) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the rim was observed, but the islets tended to have 2-3 layers of glucagon immunoreactive cells.

Examining for rarer endocrine cell types, we found that cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) immunoreactive cells were co-localized with SS; and peptide YY (PYY) immunoreactive cells could be found that were singly immunoreactive or co-localized with either PP or glucagon.

The Nkx family of transcription factors (Nkx6.1 and 2.2) and PDX-1 were all detected in the pancreas in a similar manner to that seen in mouse and rat.

In conclusion, the endocrine pancreas of the African ice rat is quite similar to that of other studied rodents, but these animals have more glucagon and SS cells than rat (Rattus) or mouse (Mus) species.

[MeSH-major] Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Murinae / metabolism

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(PMID = 18406449.001).

[ISSN] 0065-1281

[Journal-full-title] Acta histochemica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Histochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Hormones; 0 / Transcription Factors

   

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[Title] Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin in the endocrine pancreas: distribution and relationship to glycaemic state.

Given the overlap of signalling molecules between the brain and pancreas, we have explored the presence of NUCB2 in the islets of Langerhans.

NUCB2-like immunoreactivity was detected by immunofluorescence in all human and rat islet beta-cells (as detected by co-localization with insulin), but not in other islet cells or in the exocrine pancreas.

Islet NUCB2 content, as measured by enzyme immunoassay, did not change significantly following an overnight fast, but was substantially lower in islets isolated from an animal model of type 2 diabetes, the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (48% of non-diabetic Wistar rat control).

The release of NUCB2 from isolated rat islets was significantly elevated following glucose challenge (123%), but this effect was substantially lower than that observed for insulin (816%).

However, our findings, together with previous reports, appear more compatible with intracellular actions rather than with endocrine/paracrine communication, and suggest that NUCB2 in serum derives primarily from non-islet sources.

[MeSH-major] Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism. DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Glucose / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism

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(PMID = 20032201.001).

[ISSN] 1479-6805

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Calcium-Binding Proteins; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / nucleobindin; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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In the present study, we investigated the impact of prenatal nicotine exposure (3 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats via osmotic Alzet minipumps) on the early endocrine pancreas and adipose tissue development in rat pups before weaning.

Prenatal nicotine exposure led to a decrease in endocrine pancreatic islet size and number at 7 d of life (postnatal d 7), which corroborates with a decrease in gene expression of specific transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, Pax-6, Nkx6.1, and of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.

[MeSH-major] Body Weight / drug effects. Glucose / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects. Nicotine / toxicity. Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / metabolism

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(PMID = 18687784.001).

[ISSN] 0013-7227

[Journal-full-title] Endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocrinology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ganglionic Stimulants; 6M3C89ZY6R / Nicotine; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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Recent observations illustrating the regenerative capability of the endocrine pancreas in addition to advances in stem cell and gene therapy technologies enable the exploration of alternatives to allogeneic islet transplantation.

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(PMID = 16963140.001).

[ISSN] 0167-7799

[Journal-full-title] Trends in biotechnology

[ISO-abbreviation] Trends Biotechnol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / U19 AI 056374-01

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HLA-DQ Antigens

[Number-of-references] 86

   

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[Title] Pancreatic scintigraphy with 99mTc-interleukin-2 at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and after 1 year of nicotinamide therapy.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical utility of pancreatic scintigraphy with 99mTc-interleukin-2 to identify Type 1 diabetic patients with pancreatic inflammation at diagnosis.

RESULTS: Significant pancreatic accumulation of 99mTc-interleukin-2 was found in 31% of the patients at the time of diagnosis.

Patients positive or negative for pancreatic accumulation of interleukin-2 scintigraphy did not show any difference in metabolic or immunologic parameters at diagnosis.

Positive patients, however, showed higher C-peptide values at 3 months and lower insulin requirement at 1 year, compared to negative patients (insulin requirement (IR): 0.33+/-0.11 vs 0.67+/-0.24 IU/kg/day, positive vs negative patients; p=0.0001); patients positive to IL2 scintigraphy treated with nicotinamide at 25 mg/kg were the only group showing a significant reduction in IR 1 year after diagnosis (IRt0: 0.53+/-0.30 vs IRt12: 0.28+/-0.07 IU/kg/day; p=0.013).

After 1 year, all the positive patients showed a significant decrease in pancreatic uptake of 99mTc-interleukin-2 (P/B: 7.87+/-2.28 at diagnosis vs 5.00+/-1.23 after 1 year; p<0.0001 paired t-test).

CONCLUSION: 99mTc-interleukin-2 scintigraphy at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes may identify patients with pancreatic inflammation.

In such patients, treated with nicotinamide at 25 mg/kg, insulin requirement and pancreatic inflammation after 1 year were significantly reduced suggesting that IL2 scintigraphy may be of potential use for assessing the autoimmune phenomena in endocrine pancreas.

[MeSH-major] Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / radionuclide imaging. Interleukin-2. Niacinamide / therapeutic use. Organotechnetium Compounds. Pancreas / radionuclide imaging

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(PMID = 17918277.001).

[ISSN] 1520-7552

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Interleukin-2; 0 / Organotechnetium Compounds; 0 / technetium Tc 99m interleukin 2; 25X51I8RD4 / Niacinamide

   

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The role of integrin receptors in regulating numerous cellular programs have been well studied in the endocrine pancreas.

These adhesion receptors and their interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important determinants of islet cell biology as they influence the development, survival and function of the islets of Langerhans.

[MeSH-major] Extracellular Matrix / physiology. Integrins / physiology. Islets of Langerhans / cytology. Tissue Engineering

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(PMID = 19482715.001).

[ISSN] 1945-0524

[Journal-full-title] Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)

[ISO-abbreviation] Front Biosci (Schol Ed)

[Language] eng

[Grant] Canada / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Integrins

[Number-of-references] 115

   

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[Transliterated title] Evaluación bioquímica de la función pancreática: Pruebas del pancreolauril y de la tolerancia a la glucosa oral.

BACKGROUND: The pancreas is a mixed gland that takes part in the digestion of nutrients and in the homeostasis ofglycemia.

Chronic pancreopathy is the cause of secretory insufficiency, characterized by an inflammatory process that leads to fibrosis of the pancreas, with a progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine functions of the gland.

OBJECTIVE: To study both the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic relationship in patients with pancreatopathies and other non-pancreatic digestive alterations, by means of serum pancreolauril (sPL) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT).

From the latter group, a subgroup (n=11) with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) was studied.

CONCLUSION: By the biochemical tests used, pancreas functionality corresponds with a close relationship between exocrine and endocrine pancreas.

Thus, we suggest the use of the sPL test as a helpful tool for the diagnosis of CP.

[MeSH-major] Fluoresceins. Glucose / analysis. Glucose Tolerance Test. Pancreas, Exocrine / physiopathology. Pancreatitis, Chronic / blood

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(PMID = 20645560.001).

[ISSN] 0300-9033

[Journal-full-title] Acta gastroenterologica Latinoamericana

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Gastroenterol. Latinoam.

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Argentina

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Fluoresceins; 939U41013O / fluorescein dilaurate; EC 3.1.1.3 / Lipase; EC 3.2.1.- / Amylases; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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[Title] Endocrine and metabolic programming during intrauterine development.

Many of these metabolic disorders have an endocrine origin and are accompanied by abnormal hormone concentrations.

This has led to the hypothesis that adult metabolic disease arises in utero as a result of programming of key endocrine systems during suboptimal intrauterine conditions associated with fetal growth retardation.

This review examines the experimental evidence for prenatal endocrine programming with particular emphasis on endocrine axes involved in growth and metabolism, namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the endocrine pancreas and the somatotrophic axis.

It also considers how changes in these endocrine systems contribute to the programming of metabolism in later life.

[MeSH-major] Endocrine System / embryology. Fetal Development. Metabolism

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(PMID = 16085373.001).

[ISSN] 0378-3782

[Journal-full-title] Early human development

[ISO-abbreviation] Early Hum. Dev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hormones

[Number-of-references] 29

   

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[Title] Imaging and localization of islet-cell tumours of the pancreas on CT and MRI.

Islet-cell tumours are neuroendocrine tumours that arise from the endocrine pancreas.

They range from benign to malignant.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Islet Cell / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

[MeSH-minor] Gastrinoma / diagnosis. Humans. Insulinoma / diagnosis. Islets of Langerhans / pathology. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / diagnosis

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(PMID = 15763695.001).

[ISSN] 1521-690X

[Journal-full-title] Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 19

   

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Furthermore, MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) mice were less susceptible to the induction of immunoinflammatory diabetes, insulitis and apoptosis within the endocrine pancreas by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) than genetically matched wild type (WT) mice.

Furthermore, MIF deletion affected the production of IL-18, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and iNOS in the islets of Langerhans.

These data, along with the higher expression of IL-4 and TGF-beta observed in the periphery and in the pancreas of MLD-STZ-challenged MIF(-/-) mice as compared to WT controls suggest that MIF deficiency has induced an immune deviation towards protective type 2/3 response.

[MeSH-minor] Adoptive Transfer. Animals. Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology. Cell Adhesion / drug effects. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Cells, Cultured. Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage. Cyclophosphamide / pharmacology. Cytokines / biosynthesis. Cytokines / genetics. Disease Progression. Female. Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects. Islets of Langerhans / enzymology. Islets of Langerhans / pathology. Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects. Mice. Mice, Inbred NOD. Nitric Oxide / metabolism. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism. RNA, Messenger / genetics. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Spleen / drug effects. Spleen / pathology. Streptozocin. Tyrosine / analogs & derivatives. Tyrosine / metabolism

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[Copyright] (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 18064633.001).

[ISSN] 1097-4652

[Journal-full-title] Journal of cellular physiology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Cell. Physiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Cytokines; 0 / Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 31C4KY9ESH / Nitric Oxide; 3604-79-3 / 3-nitrotyrosine; 42HK56048U / Tyrosine; 5W494URQ81 / Streptozocin; 8N3DW7272P / Cyclophosphamide; EC 1.14.13.39 / Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; EC 5.3.- / Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; EC 5.3.2.1 / Mif protein, mouse

   

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[Title] Protective effect of vanadyl sulfate on the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The aim of this study is to examine from a biochemical and histological perspective, whether vanadium has a protective effect on the pancreas of diabetic rats.

On day 60, the pancreas tissue and blood samples were taken from the animals.

In pancreatic islets of the diabetic group, a decrease in the number of immunoreactive B cells was observed in comparison to the control group.

On the other hand, pancreatic islets of the diabetic group given vanadyl sulfate showed a higher number of immunoreactive B cells in comparison to the diabetic group.

According to the immunohistochemical and biochemical results obtained, it was concluded that vanadyl sulfate can regenerate B cells of endocrine pancreas in experimental diabetes.

[MeSH-major] Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / drug therapy. Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology. Pancreas / drug effects. Vanadium Compounds / pharmacology. Vanadium Compounds / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 16188572.001).

[ISSN] 0168-8227

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes research and clinical practice

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Hypoglycemic Agents; 0 / Vanadium Compounds; 6DU9Y533FA / vanadyl sulfate

   

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Among the specialized cell types in the gastrointestinal mucosa, enteroendocrine cells have important roles in regulating energy intake and glucose homeostasis through their actions on peripheral target organs, including the endocrine pancreas.

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[Cites] Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 15;404(1-2):239-45 [10980284.001]

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(PMID = 17200703.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9738

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical investigation

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Invest.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Insulin; 55963-74-1 / Proglucagon; 9007-92-5 / Glucagon; EC 3.4.14.5 / DPP4 protein, human; EC 3.4.14.5 / Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; EC 3.5.4.4 / Adenosine Deaminase

[Number-of-references] 125

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1716213

   

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Cbln is also expressed in the pancreas; however, its function in the pancreas is unknown.

We identified Cbln1 and Cbln3 transcripts in rat pancreatic islets and detected Cbln-immunoreactivity, predominantly located in the periphery of the rat endocrine pancreas.

CER decreased insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets at high (11 mM), but not at low (3.33 mM) glucose concentration.

Our study demonstrates for the first time that Cbln1 and Cbln3 are expressed in the rat endocrine pancreas.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Calcium / analysis. Cell Line. Cyclic AMP / analysis. Female. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / secretion. Pancreas, Exocrine / drug effects. Pancreas, Exocrine / metabolism. Pancreas, Exocrine / secretion. Protein Precursors / genetics. Rats. Rats, Wistar. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 19481574.001).

[ISSN] 1873-1686

[Journal-full-title] Regulatory peptides

[ISO-abbreviation] Regul. Pept.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Insulin; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Protein Precursors; 94071-26-8 / cerebellin; E0399OZS9N / Cyclic AMP; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

   

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BACKGROUND: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an important role in pancreas development.

However, its role in the developed endocrine pancreas remains to be elucidated.

The Hh signal inhibitor cyclopamine were pretreated in INS-1E cells and rat islets.

RESULTS: We found that exposure to proinflammatory cytokines increased Ihh expression in rat islets and INS-1E cells.

By contrast, treatment with cyclopamine increased cytokine-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells and rat islets.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Apoptosis / drug effects. Cell Line. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / immunology. Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects. Gene Silencing. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / pathology. Male. NF-kappa B / genetics. NF-kappa B / metabolism. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism. Organ Culture Techniques. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. RNA, Small Interfering. Rats. Veratrum Alkaloids / pharmacology

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[Copyright] © J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

(PMID = 20533175.001).

[ISSN] 1439-3646

[Journal-full-title] Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cytokines; 0 / Dhh protein, rat; 0 / Hedgehog Proteins; 0 / Ihh protein, rat; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; 0 / Veratrum Alkaloids; 0 / sonic hedgehog protein, rat; EC 1.14.13.39 / Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; EC 1.14.13.39 / Nos2 protein, rat; ZH658AJ192 / cyclopamine

   

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) arises when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin to cope with the metabolic demand because of beta-cell secretory dysfunction and/or decreased beta-cell mass.

Defining the nature of the pancreatic islet defects present in T2D has been difficult, in part because human islets are inaccessible for direct study.

(ii) gestational metabolic impairment inducing an epigenetic programming of the offspring pancreas (decreased beta-cell neogenesis and proliferation) transmitted over generations; and (iii) loss of beta-cell differentiation related to chronic exposure to hyperglycaemia/hyperlipidaemia, islet inflammation, islet oxidative stress, islet fibrosis and perturbed islet vasculature.

[MeSH-major] Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / cytology

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Differentiation. Cell Survival. Disease Models, Animal. Endocrine System. Epigenesis, Genetic. Insulin-Secreting Cells / cytology. Mice. Models, Biological. Oxidative Stress. Rats. Reactive Oxygen Species

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(PMID = 20217511.001).

[ISSN] 0065-2598

[Journal-full-title] Advances in experimental medicine and biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Reactive Oxygen Species

[Number-of-references] 111

   

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[Title] Lack of nuclear expression of hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1) in pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Cell line experiments have suggested the involvement of Notch signaling in pancreatic endocrine tumorigenesis.

We investigated the expression of NOTCH1, HES1, HEY1 and ASCL1 in pancreatic endocrine tumors and compared the data to tumor phenotype including hormone production, heredity, and WHO classification.

Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed on samples of 26 pancreatic endocrine tumors.

For comparison, 10 specimens of macroscopically normal pancreas were analyzed using immunohistochemistry.

In the nontumorous pancreatic endocrine cells, weak nuclear expression of HES1 as well as of HEY1 and NOTCH1 was observed.

This lack of nuclear expression of HES1 may contribute to the abundance of ASCL1 and to tumorigenesis in the endocrine pancreas.

[MeSH-major] Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / biosynthesis. Cell Nucleus / metabolism. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Homeodomain Proteins / biosynthesis. Neoplasm Proteins / biosynthesis. Pancreatic Neoplasms / metabolism

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(PMID = 18491256.001).

[ISSN] 0018-5043

[Journal-full-title] Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et métabolisme

[ISO-abbreviation] Horm. Metab. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ASCL1 protein, human; 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / HEY1 protein, human; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / NOTCH1 protein, human; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Receptor, Notch1; 149348-15-2 / HES1 protein, human

   

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The insulin secretory response to a meal results largely from glucose stimulation of the pancreatic islets and both direct and indirect (autonomic) glucose-dependent stimulation by incretin hormones released from the gastrointestinal tract.

Localization of the cognate G protein-coupled receptors for GIP and GLP-1 revealed that they are present in numerous tissues in addition to the endocrine pancreas, including the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, central nervous and autonomic nervous systems (ANSs), adipose tissue, and bone.

[MeSH-major] Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / physiology. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / physiology. Insulin / physiology. Islets of Langerhans / physiology

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 21094896.001).

[ISSN] 0083-6729

[Journal-full-title] Vitamins and hormones

[ISO-abbreviation] Vitam. Horm.

[Language] eng

[Grant] Canada / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Insulin; 0 / Receptors, Glucagon; 59392-49-3 / Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; 89750-14-1 / Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

   

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[Title] Neuropeptides of the islets of Langerhans: a peptidomics study.

Neuropeptides from the endocrine pancreas (the islets of Langerhans) play an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Therefore, our aim is to identify the "peptidome" (the in vivo peptide profile at a certain time) of the pancreatic islets, which is beneficial for medical progress related to the treatment of diabetes.

So far, there are few neuropeptides isolated and sequenced from the endocrine pancreas and mainly in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemical techniques have been used to demonstrate the occurrence of peptides in the pancreas.

We have analysed the peptidome of the islets using peptidomics, i.e. a combination of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics.

We are able to identify the peptidome of islets extracts.

[MeSH-major] Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Neuropeptides / metabolism. Proteomics

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(PMID = 17559849.001).

[ISSN] 0016-6480

[Journal-full-title] General and comparative endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Amyloid; 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Chromogranin A; 0 / Chromogranin B; 0 / Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Neuropeptides; 0 / Pcsk1n protein, mouse; 0 / Protein Precursors; 0 / Secretogranin II; 0 / chromogranin A, mouse; 0 / chromogranin B, mouse; 0 / secretogranin 2, mouse; 106388-42-5 / Peptide YY; 51110-01-1 / Somatostatin; 55963-74-1 / Proglucagon; 74315-46-1 / prosomatostatin; 9035-68-1 / Proinsulin

   

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[Title] Noninvasive diagnosis of focal hyperinsulinism of infancy with [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography.

Congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy (CHI) is characterized by severe hypoglycemia due to dysregulated insulin secretion, associated with either focal or diffuse pathology of the endocrine pancreas.

Five patients had a visually apparent focal accumulation of [(18)F]-DOPA and standardized uptake value (SUV) >50% higher (mean 1.8-fold) than the maximum SUV of the unaffected part of the pancreas.

The remaining nine patients had diffuse accumulation of [(18)F]-DOPA in the pancreas (SUV ratio <1.5).

[MeSH-major] Congenital Hyperinsulinism / diagnosis. Levodopa. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods

[MeSH-minor] Child, Preschool. Fluorine Radioisotopes. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Mutation. Pancreas / metabolism

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(PMID = 16380471.001).

[ISSN] 0012-1797

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Fluorine Radioisotopes; 46627O600J / Levodopa

   

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Since exocrine pancreas, endocrine pancreas, intestine and heart developed normally in Rbp4 morphants, we suggest that rbp4 expression in the YSL is required only for liver development.

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(PMID = 17945029.001).

[ISSN] 1471-213X

[Journal-full-title] BMC developmental biology

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Dev. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Oligonucleotides, Antisense; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Rbp4 protein, zebrafish; 0 / Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; 0 / Zebrafish Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2198918

   

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Studies in mice suggest that this basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is critical in the development of endocrine cell lineage.

Both patients had permanent diabetes diagnosed in the first 2 months of life with no evidence of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and a morphologically normal pancreas on abdominal imaging.

This syndrome highlights the critical role of NEUROD1 in both the development of the endocrine pancreas and the central nervous system in humans.

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(PMID = 20573748.001).

[ISSN] 1939-327X

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; 0 / NEUROD1 protein, human; 9007-49-2 / DNA

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2927956

   

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[Title] Zinc ions in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of zinc deficient rats.

The present study investigates how subclinical zinc deficiency in rats affects glucose metabolism and zinc distribution in the pancreas.

Zinc ion staining intensity of the islets of Langerhans was unaffected by the zinc deficiency.

In contrast, the acinar cells in the exocrine pancreas appeared depleted of iZnSAMG grains in the zinc deficient rats when compared with their controls.

Though statistically non-significant, a reduction in total zinc of the pancreas was found.

CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the endocrine pancreas is able to compensate for the subclinical zinc deficiency as it maintains an adequate zinc ion level in the secretory vesicles for insulin storage.

The exocrine pancreas lacks this ability; it exhibits decreased levels of zinc ion staining as a consequence of 4 weeks of reduced zinc intake.

[MeSH-major] Islets of Langerhans / chemistry. Pancreas, Exocrine / chemistry. Zinc / analysis. Zinc / deficiency

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(PMID = 16528672.001).

[ISSN] 1699-5848

[Journal-full-title] Histology and histopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Histol. Histopathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Insulin; 0 / Ions; 0 / Sulfides; 0 / Zinc Compounds; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose; J41CSQ7QDS / Zinc; KPS085631O / zinc sulfide

   

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RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured the expression of HNF4A isoforms in human adult tissues and gestationally staged fetal pancreas by isoform-specific real-time PCR.

The correlation between mutation position and age of diagnosis or age-related penetrance was assessed in a cohort of 190 patients with HNF4A mutations.

RESULTS: HNF4A was expressed exclusively from the P2 promoter in adult pancreas, but from 9 weeks until at least 26 weeks after conception, up to 23% of expression in fetal pancreas was of P1 origin.

In whole pancreas, HNF4A9 expression was greater than in islets isolated from the endocrine pancreas (relative level 22 vs. 7%).

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that isoforms derived from the HNF4A P1 promoter are expressed in human fetal, but not adult, pancreas, and that their presence during pancreatic development may moderate the diabetic phenotype in individuals with mutations in the HNF4A gene.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. European Continental Ancestry Group. Female. Gene Expression Profiling. Humans. Kidney / physiology. Kidney / physiopathology. Male. Middle Aged. Pancreas / physiology. Pancreas / physiopathology. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Protein Isoforms / genetics

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[CommentIn] Diabetes. 2008 Jun;57(6):1461-2 [18511449.001]

(PMID = 18356407.001).

[ISSN] 1939-327X

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Wellcome Trust / / 081278/Z/06/Z

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HNF4A protein, human; 0 / Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; 0 / Protein Isoforms

   

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Restriction of protein or energy intake during gestation or early life is linked to developmental defects in the endocrine pancreas and insulin resistance.

After 14 wk, the islets of Langerhans were isolated for determination of insulin secretory capacity in static incubation and dynamic perifusion experiments.

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(PMID = 17491688.001).

[ISSN] 1614-0575

[Journal-full-title] The review of diabetic studies : RDS

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Diabet Stud

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1783557

   

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[Title] IGF-I mediates regeneration of endocrine pancreas by increasing beta cell replication through cell cycle protein modulation in mice.

Igf1 expression in beta cells of transgenic mice regenerates the endocrine pancreas during type 1 diabetes.

In contrast, higher levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) were detected in islets from non-STZ-treated transgenic mice.

Therefore, our study suggests that local production of IGF-I may be a safe approach to regenerate endocrine pancreas to reverse diabetes.

[MeSH-major] Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism. Insulin-Secreting Cells / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism

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(PMID = 18663428.001).

[ISSN] 0012-186X

[Journal-full-title] Diabetologia

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetologia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 147336-22-9 / Green Fluorescent Proteins; 5W494URQ81 / Streptozocin; 67763-96-6 / Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

   

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[Title] Update on drugs used to treat endocrine diseases in small animals.

Drug therapy for the endocrine system is implemented to replace a hormone deficiency or to prevent or reduce the formation or effects of excess hormone.

Treatment of endocrine disorders covers diseases of the pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid, and thyroid glands as well as the endocrine pancreas.

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(PMID = 16984828.001).

[ISSN] 0195-5616

[Journal-full-title] The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice

[ISO-abbreviation] Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antithyroid Agents; 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; 0 / Hypoglycemic Agents; 0 / Insulin, Long-Acting; 08J2K08A3Y / Dihydrotestosterone; 554Z48XN5E / Methimazole; L0FPV48Q5R / trilostane

[Number-of-references] 70

   

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[Title] An update: the operative experience in adrenal, pancreatic, and other less common endocrine diseases of U.S. general surgery residents.

BACKGROUND: A prior study that examined the operative experience of general surgery residents in endocrine surgery for the academic years 1986-1987 to 1993-1994 found this training to be inadequate due to low operative volume.

METHODS: To evaluate how the development of minimally invasive endocrine surgery might alter this outcome, we reviewed more recent data from the Resident Statistic Summaries (Report C) of the Residency Review Committee from 1994-1995 to 2003-2004.

For adrenalectomy, the average number of cases per resident was 1.46; for endocrine pancreas, the average was 0.14.

CONCLUSION: Reports from postgraduate training in laparoscopic or endocrine surgery suggest that these fellowships may provide the necessary additional operative experience.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Diseases / surgery. Clinical Competence / statistics & numerical data. Endocrine Surgical Procedures / statistics & numerical data. General Surgery / education. Internship and Residency / statistics & numerical data. Pancreatic Diseases / surgery

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(PMID = 18066698.001).

[ISSN] 0364-2313

[Journal-full-title] World journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] World J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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MicroRNAs are key players in this regulatory milieu; they have been implicated in regulating gene expression within several metabolically active tissues including the endocrine pancreas, liver and adipose tissue.

[MeSH-minor] Adipose Tissue / metabolism. Animals. Brain / metabolism. Humans. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Liver / metabolism. Muscles / metabolism

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(PMID = 19800254.001).

[ISSN] 1879-3061

[Journal-full-title] Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

[ISO-abbreviation] Trends Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MicroRNAs; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

[Number-of-references] 72

   

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[Title] Glucagon cell adenomatosis: a newly recognized disease of the endocrine pancreas.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-producing tumors are either solitary neoplasms of the pancreas, occasionally associated with a glucagonoma syndrome, or multiple neoplasms associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

We observed a previously undescribed multicentric glucagon-producing tumor disease that is not related to MEN1.

In addition, many islets were unusually large and showed glucagon cell hyperplasia.

There was no clinical or molecular evidence of any hereditary tumor disease, and changes in the MEN1 gene were only seen in individual tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings are sufficiently distinctive to suggest a new neoplastic disease of the endocrine pancreas that we recommend calling glucagon cell adenomatosis.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / genetics. Female. Humans. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Male. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics. Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / genetics

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(PMID = 18957496.001).

[ISSN] 0021-972X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MEN1 protein, human; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 147604-94-2 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; 9007-92-5 / Glucagon; EC 6.3.2.19 / VHL protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

   

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[Title] Functional and morphological study of cultured pancreatic islets treated with cyclosporine.

Cyclosporine A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive drug, has been found to induce glucose intolerance through its toxic effect on the endocrine pancreas.

It is not exactly known whether CsA has a direct effect on the endocrine pancreas or induces its effect indirectly.

The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the function and morphology of isolated pancreatic islets when they are directly exposed in vitro to CsA.

Pancreatic islets were isolated from adult male Lewis rats using collagenase ductal perfusion technique.

The islets were separated with the discontinuous Ficoll gradient technique and further purified by hand picking of the non-islet tissue.

The islets were cultured in RPMI-1640, pH 7.4 and maintained at 37 degrees C in a humid atmosphere of 5% (v/v) carbon dioxide in air.

Islets were harvested at 1, 4 and 10 days of culture and processed for functional or histological study.

The functional study of the islets cultured with 1 microg/ml CsA showed insulin and C-peptide contents similar to those of the control islets.

The islets cultured with 5 microg/ml CsA showed a marked decrease in insulin and C-peptide contents.

Phase contrast microscopy showed that the islets cultured with 1 microg/ml CsA were mostly normal looking with a well-defined regular periphery; a few islets had ill-defined or irregular peripheries.

The islets cultured with 5 microg/ml CsA had ill-defined irregular peripheries at 1 day, and were dense and forming clumps at 4 and 10 days following culture.

Islets showed a weakly positive immunoperoxidase reaction for insulin that was weaker following the toxic dose of CsA.

It is concluded that CsA has a direct effect on B-cells that was proved by the functional and morphological changes seen in the pancreatic islets cultured in vitro.

[MeSH-major] Cyclosporine / toxicity. Immunosuppressive Agents / toxicity. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects

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(PMID = 17074365.001).

[ISSN] 0024-3205

[Journal-full-title] Life sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Life Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / C-Peptide; 0 / Immunosuppressive Agents; 0 / Insulin; 83HN0GTJ6D / Cyclosporine; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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It is also the consequence of an inability of the endocrine pancreas to adapt the beta-cell mass to insulin demand (pancreas plasticity), which eventually leads to a decrease in functional beta-cell mass.

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(PMID = 19251449.001).

[ISSN] 1262-3636

[Journal-full-title] Diabetes & metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabetes Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; 0 / Incretins; 89750-14-1 / Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; EC 3.4.14.5 / DPP4 protein, human; EC 3.4.14.5 / Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

[Number-of-references] 52

   

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[Title] A case of novel de novo paired box gene 6 (PAX6) mutation with early-onset diabetes mellitus and aniridia.

PAX6 is also involved in the development of the endocrine pancreas, and reported to be a genetic factor common to aniridia and glucose intolerance, although the latter is usually mild.

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(PMID = 15842522.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3071

[Journal-full-title] Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Diabet. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Eye Proteins; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / PAX6 protein; 0 / Paired Box Transcription Factors; 0 / Repressor Proteins

   

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[Title] Regenerative medicine: using liver to generate pancreas for treating diabetes.

We review recent evidence documenting the surprising capacity of the mature liver to serve as a potential source of tissue for generating functional endocrine pancreas.

The process of liver-to-pancreas developmental redirection is induced by ectopic expression of pancreatic transcription and differentiation factors.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Cell Differentiation. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy. Humans. Immunosuppressive Agents / administration & dosage. Islets of Langerhans Transplantation. Transcription Factors / metabolism. Transcription, Genetic. Transplantation, Homologous

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(PMID = 16833177.001).

[ISSN] 1565-1088

[Journal-full-title] The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ

[ISO-abbreviation] Isr. Med. Assoc. J.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Israel

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Immunosuppressive Agents; 0 / Transcription Factors

[Number-of-references] 40

   

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[Title] Exocytic process analyzed with two-photon excitation imaging in endocrine pancreas.

At insulin exocytosis in the pancreatic islets, it took two seconds for the fusion pore to dilate from 1.4 nm in diameter to 6 nm in diameter, and such unusual stability of the pore may be due to the crystallization of the intragranular contents.

[MeSH-major] Exocytosis / physiology. Islets of Langerhans / ultrastructure. Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / methods. Secretory Vesicles / ultrastructure

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(PMID = 17409577.001).

[ISSN] 0918-8959

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. J.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Fluorescent Dyes; 0 / Insulin; 0 / SNARE Proteins; EC 2.7.11.11 / Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

[Number-of-references] 40

   

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Immunohistochemical localization of islets of Langerhans of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) induced diabetic + glurenorm (10 mg/kg, po) treated female albino rats revealed increase in number of beta cells and insulin immunoreactivity of beta cells.

The results suggest that glurenorm can cause the stimulation of beta cells of endocrine pancreas in diabetic rats.

[MeSH-major] Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / drug therapy. Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Islets of Langerhans / drug effects. Sulfonylurea Compounds / pharmacology

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(PMID = 15816415.001).

[ISSN] 0019-5189

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of experimental biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J. Exp. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Glucose; 0 / Hypoglycemic Agents; 0 / Insulin; 0 / Sulfonylurea Compounds; C7C2QDD75P / gliquidone

   

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[Title] The fish endocrine pancreas: review, new data, and future research directions in ontogeny and phylogeny.

The literature on the ontogeny and phylogeny of the endocrine pancreas of ray-finned fishes is summarized since the latest review in fish [Youson, J.H., Al-Mahrouki, A.A., 1999. Review.

Ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of the endocrine pancreas (islet organ) in fishes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.

The present study also provides the first comparative analysis of sequences of preprohormones of endocrine peptides from closely related basal teleost species.

[MeSH-major] Fishes / embryology. Fishes / genetics. Fishes / physiology. Islets of Langerhans / embryology. Islets of Langerhans / physiology

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(PMID = 16430894.001).

[ISSN] 0016-6480

[Journal-full-title] General and comparative endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 51110-01-1 / Somatostatin; 59763-91-6 / Pancreatic Polypeptide

[Number-of-references] 58

   

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[Title] Glutaminase activity is confined to the mantle of the islets of Langerhans.

Glutamatergic signalling plays an important role in the coordination of hormone secretion from the endocrine pancreas.

Recently we have reported that the endocrine pancreas co-expresses two isoforms of the protein glutaminase (GA), denoted as kidney-type (KGA) and liver-type (LGA).

However, how GA activity, and therefore glutamate production, is regulated in the islets represents a critical issue that remains unresolved.

Since the purification of these enzymes from rat islets is a daunting task, in order to characterize each isoform we have taken advantage of the spatial segregation of these isoenzymes in pancreas.

All the GA activity detected in pancreatic islets was attributed to KGA and was confined to the mantle of the islets.

Double labelling analyses strongly suggested that alpha-cells should be regarded as the site of glutamate production in the endocrine pancreas.

[MeSH-major] Glutaminase / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / cytology. Islets of Langerhans / enzymology

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(PMID = 17614191.001).

[ISSN] 0300-9084

[Journal-full-title] Biochimie

[ISO-abbreviation] Biochimie

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Isoenzymes; EC 3.5.1.2 / Glutaminase