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[Title] The rat pineal gland comprises an endocannabinoid system.

In the mammalian pineal gland, the rhythm in melatonin biosynthesis depends on the norepinephrine (NE)-driven regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), the penultimate enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis.

A recent study showed that phytocannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol reduce AANAT activity and attenuate NE-induced melatonin biosynthesis in rat pineal glands, raising the possibility that an endocannabinoid system is present in the pineal gland.

To test this hypothesis, we analyzed cannabinoid (CB) receptors and specific enzymes for endocannabinoid biosynthesis or catabolism in rat pineal glands and cultured pinealocytes.

Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses revealed the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptor proteins, of N-acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), an enzyme catalyzing endocannabinoid biosynthesis and of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid catabolizing enzyme, in pinealocytes, and in pineal sympathetic nerve fibers identified by double immunofluorescence with an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase.

The immunosignal for NAPE-PLD found in pineal sympathetic nerve fibers was reduced in the middle of the dark phase (ZT 18).

Stimulation of cultured pinealocytes with NE affected neither the subcellular distribution nor the intensity of the immunosignals for the investigated CB receptors and enzymes.

In summary, the pineal gland comprises indispensable compounds of the endocannabinoid system indicating that endocannabinoids may be involved in the control of pineal physiology.

[MeSH-major] Adrenergic Fibers / chemistry. Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / analysis. Endocannabinoids. Pineal Gland / chemistry. Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / analysis. Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / analysis

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Norepinephrine .

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(PMID = 18554250.001).

[ISSN] 1600-079X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; 0 / Endocannabinoids; 0 / Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; 0 / Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; EC 1.14.16.2 / Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; EC 3.1.4.4 / NAPE-PLD protein, rat; EC 3.1.4.4 / Phospholipase D; EC 3.5.- / Amidohydrolases; EC 3.5.1.- / fatty-acid amide hydrolase; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

   

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[Title] [Pineal cyst: usefulness of endoscopic treatment].

[Transliterated title] Kyste épithélial de la région pinéale: intérêt de la fenestration endoscopique.

Glial cysts of the pineal gland are usually benign and asymptomatic.

They develop from the pineal parenchyma and contain liquid.

The diagnosis is made by magnetic resonance imaging.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Endoscopy / methods. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods. Pineal Gland / pathology. Pineal Gland / surgery

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(PMID = 17507051.001).

[ISSN] 0028-3770

[Journal-full-title] Neuro-Chirurgie

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurochirurgie

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

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Surgery reliably reset the phase of the pineal gland and vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (VOLT) harvested from SCNX rats but had little effect on the phase of the OB.

We deduce that the SCN and OB contain self-sustained circadian oscillators, whereas the pineal gland and VOLT are weak oscillators that require input from the SCN to show coordinated circadian rhythms.

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(PMID = 16177029.001).

[ISSN] 1529-2401

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / MH63104; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA94056

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Per1 protein, mouse; 0 / Per1 protein, rat; 0 / Period Circadian Proteins

   

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In chronically inflamed animals, adrenal hormones exert a positive control on the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland.

In this paper, the mechanism of corticosterone as a modulator of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS) was determined.

Rat pineal glands in culture, stimulated for 5 hr with noradrenaline (10 nm), were previously incubated with corticosterone (1.0 nm-1.0 microm) for 48 hr in the presence or absence of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, mifepristone (1.0 microm), the proteasome inhibitor, N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal-H (ALLN, 12.5 microm) or the antagonist of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, 12.5 microm).

Corticosterone potentiated noradrenaline-induced melatonin and NAS production in a bell-shaped manner.

The increase in NAS (12.9 +/- 2.7, n=6 versus 34.3 +/- 8.3 ng per pineal) and melatonin (16.3 +/- 2.0, n=6 versus 44.3 +/- 12.9 ng per pineal) content induced by 1 microm corticosterone was blocked by mifepristone, and mimicked by ALLN and PDTC.

Therefore, corticosterone potentiates noradrenaline-induced melatonin and NAS production through GR inhibition of NFkappaB nuclear translocation.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this relevant pathway for passive and acquired immune response is shown to modulate melatonin production in pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Corticosterone / pharmacology. Melatonin / biosynthesis. NF-kappa B / antagonists & inhibitors. Norepinephrine / pharmacology. Pineal Gland / drug effects. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Serotonin / analogs & derivatives

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank. MELATONIN .

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(PMID = 15725340.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hormone Antagonists; 0 / Leupeptins; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / Pyrrolidines; 0 / Receptors, Glucocorticoid; 0 / Thiocarbamates; 110044-82-1 / acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal; 25769-03-3 / pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; 320T6RNW1F / Mifepristone; 333DO1RDJY / Serotonin; 7S5I7G3JQL / Dexamethasone; 9007-49-2 / DNA; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; P4TO3C82WV / N-acetylserotonin; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

   

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[Title] Characterization of expressed sequence tags from a gallus gallus pineal gland cDNA library.

The pineal gland is the circadian oscillator in the chicken, regulating diverse functions ranging from egg laying to feeding.

Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated from a chicken pineal gland cDNA library.

Here, we have described resources that may be useful in comparative and functional genomic analysis of genes expressed in an important organ, the pineal gland, in a model and agriculturally important organism.

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(PMID = 18629218.001).

[ISSN] 1531-6912

[Journal-full-title] Comparative and functional genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] Comp. Funct. Genomics

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Egypt

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2447514

   

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Melatonin is mainly produced in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase.

Its secretion from the pineal gland has been classically associated with circadian and circanual rhythm regulation.

However, melatonin production is not confined exclusively to the pineal gland, but other tissues including retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow and lens also produce it.

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(PMID = 21358973.001).

[ISSN] 1875-6190

[Journal-full-title] Current neuropharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Neuropharmacol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United Arab Emirates

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3001216

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Melatonin / antioxidant / free radical. / inflammation / mitochondria / neurodegeneration

   

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[Title] UV-A light regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the chick pineal gland: role of cAMP and proteasomal proteolysis.

Acute exposure of dark-adapted, cultured chick pineal glands to UV-A light significantly decreased the tissue cAMP concentration and the activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), the penultimate and key regulatory enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway.

The UV-A light-evoked decline in pineal AANAT activity was blocked by cAMP protagonists (forskolin and dibutyryl-cAMP) and by inhibitors of the proteasomal degradation pathway (MG-132, proteasome inhibitor I, and lactacystin).

These results indicate that the chick pineal gland is directly sensitive to UV-A light.

By analogy to white light, the suppressive action of UV-A radiation on AANAT activity in the chick pineal gland involves changes in the tissue cAMP level and enhanced proteasomal proteolysis.

[MeSH-major] Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase / metabolism. Cyclic AMP / physiology. Pineal Gland / physiology. Pineal Gland / radiation effects. Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / metabolism. Ultraviolet Rays

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(PMID = 16207298.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / R01 EY004864

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Leupeptins; 0 / Oligopeptides; 0 / benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal; 133343-34-7 / lactacystin; 133407-82-6 / benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde; 1F7A44V6OU / Colforsin; 63X7MBT2LQ / Bucladesine; E0399OZS9N / Cyclic AMP; EC 2.3.1.87 / Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase; EC 3.4.25.1 / Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; WYQ7N0BPYC / Acetylcysteine

   

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[Title] Daily rhythm in pineal phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity reflects adrenergic/3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate induction of the PDE4B2 variant.

The pineal gland is a photoneuroendocrine transducer that influences circadian and circannual dynamics of many physiological functions via the daily rhythm in melatonin production and release.

Melatonin synthesis is stimulated at night by a photoneural system through which pineal adenylate cyclase is adrenergically activated, resulting in an elevation of cAMP. cAMP enhances melatonin synthesis through actions on several elements of the biosynthetic pathway. cAMP degradation also appears to increase at night due to an increase in phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, which peaks in the middle of the night.

The evidence that PDE4B2 plays a negative feedback role in adrenergic/cAMP signaling in the pineal gland provides the first proof that cAMP control of PDE4B2 is a physiologically relevant control mechanism in cAMP signaling.

[MeSH-major] 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / metabolism. Circadian Rhythm. Cyclic AMP / pharmacology. Norepinephrine / pharmacology. Pineal Gland / enzymology

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[CommentIn] Endocrinology. 2007 Apr;148(4):1473-4 [17369498.001]

(PMID = 17204557.001).

[ISSN] 0013-7227

[Journal-full-title] Endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocrinology

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Isoenzymes; 0 / RNA, Messenger; E0399OZS9N / Cyclic AMP; EC 3.1.4.17 / 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; EC 3.1.4.17 / Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

   

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First, a range of light intensities were tested ex vivo on pineal melatonin production in culture during the dark phase.

Results showed that sea bass pineal gland ex vivo are at least 10 times more sensitive to light than that of the salmon.

These highlighted species-specific light sensitivities of pineal melatonin production that are likely to be the result of adaptation to particular photic niches.

Light transmission results showed that a significantly higher percentage of light penetrates the sea bass pineal window relative to salmon, and confirmed that penetration is directly related to wavelength with higher penetration towards the red end of the visible spectrum.

The pineal gland in isolation thus appeared to have different sensitivities as the whole animal, suggesting that retinal and/or deep brain photoreception may contribute, in vivo, to the control of melatonin production.

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(PMID = 16842540.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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Radical surgical resection is the first-line treatment for large hemispheric tumors, whereas interstitial iodine-125 radiosurgery (IRS) might be an attractive treatment concept for selected patients with small (tumor diameter in the range of 4 cm) and circumscribed tumors in any location of the brain.

Therefore, the therapeutic impact and the risk of IRS alone or in combination with microsurgery (in case of larger tumor volumes) were prospectively examined.

Temporary iodine-125 seeds were used exclusively (tumor dose calculated to the boundary, 54 Gy; dose rate, 10 cGy/h).

Tumor location was hypothalamic/suprasellar in four, lobar in three, deep (thalamus and pineal gland) in two, and within the brain stem in two children.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Glioma / surgery. Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use. Microsurgery. Radiopharmaceuticals / therapeutic use. Radiosurgery

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[Cites] Curr Opin Oncol. 2000 May;12(3):194-8 [10841190.001]

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(PMID = 16972111.001).

[ISSN] 0256-7040

[Journal-full-title] Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Childs Nerv Syst

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals

   

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The results of the present study indicate that the removal of the pineal gland and leptin hormone administration are playing a stimulatory while melatonin hormone administration is playing an inhibitory role on the follicular development in female Syrian hamsters.

[MeSH-major] Leptin / metabolism. Melatonin / metabolism. Ovary / drug effects. Ovary / growth & development. Pineal Gland / physiology. Pineal Gland / surgery

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(PMID = 21112830.001).

[ISSN] 0236-5383

[Journal-full-title] Acta biologica Hungarica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta. Biol. Hung.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Hungary

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Leptin; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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The current study emphasizes the crucial role of the pineal gland on the effects of chronic training in different tissues focusing on carbohydrate metabolism.

In conclusion, these data show that the pineal gland integrity is necessary for the homeostatic control of energy metabolism among adipose, muscle and hepatic tissues.

Therefore, the pineal gland must be considered an influential participant in the complex adaptation to exercise and is involved in the improvement of endurance capacity.

[MeSH-major] Glycogen / metabolism. Liver / metabolism. Muscles / metabolism. Oxygen Consumption / physiology. Physical Conditioning, Animal. Pineal Gland / surgery

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(PMID = 17614841.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 9005-79-2 / Glycogen

   

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Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, has long been known to modulate hair growth, pigmentation and/or molting in many species, presumably as a key neuroendocrine regulator that couples coat phenotype and function to photoperiod-dependent environmental and reproductive changes.

Moreover, HF melatonin production is enhanced by catecholamines (as it classically occurs in the pineal gland).

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(PMID = 18078443.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Androgen; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Receptors, Melatonin; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 197

   

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[Title] Melatonin, the pineal gland and their implications for headache disorders.

[MeSH-major] Headache Disorders / drug therapy. Headache Disorders / physiopathology. Melatonin / metabolism. Melatonin / therapeutic use. Pineal Gland / metabolism

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(PMID = 15910564.001).

[ISSN] 0333-1024

[Journal-full-title] Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache

[ISO-abbreviation] Cephalalgia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 77

   

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[Title] Differential expression of activator protein-1 proteins in the pineal gland of Syrian hamster and rat may explain species diversity in arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene expression.

In particular, de novo synthesis of stimulatory transcription factors is required for Aa-nat transcription in the Syrian hamster but not in the rat pineal gland.

Therefore, composition and timing of the pineal activator protein-1 complexes differ between rat and Syrian hamster and may be an activator (Syrian hamster) or an inhibitor (rat) of Aa-nat transcription.

[MeSH-major] Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / genetics. Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / analysis. Pineal Gland / chemistry. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / analysis. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / analysis

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(PMID = 16887909.001).

[ISSN] 0013-7227

[Journal-full-title] Endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocrinology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Adrenergic; 98600C0908 / Cycloheximide; EC 2.3.1.5 / Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase

   

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[Title] Expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) GluR2/3 receptors in the developing rat pineal gland.

The expression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) type glutamate (GluR2/3) receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 1 (NMDAR1) was carried out by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence and real-time RT-PCR analysis in the pineal glands of 1-day to 6-wk-old rats in the present study.

GluR2/3 immunopositive cells were distributed throughout the pineal gland and showed branching processes in all age groups.

A constitutive mRNA expression of NMDAR1, GluR2 and GluR3 was detected in the pineal glands of various ages and showed no significant difference between the age groups studied.

The expression of these receptors on the glial cells suggests that they may be involved in the development and growth of the pineal gland in the early postnatal period (1 day to 3 wk) and subsequently in the regulation of melatonin synthesis.

[MeSH-major] Pineal Gland / growth & development. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Receptors, AMPA / biosynthesis. Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 16150111.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, AMPA; 0 / Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; 0 / glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2; 0 / glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3

   

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Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that ribeye a is expressed in tissues containing synaptic ribbons, including the pineal gland, inner ear, and retina.

Ribeye b is absent in the pineal gland.

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(PMID = 15673675.001).

[ISSN] 1529-2401

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / R01 EY014171; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK44239; United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / EY14171; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / MH60600

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Eye Proteins; 0 / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense

   

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This study analyzes modern views on the history, variants, age at diagnosis of trilateral retinoblastoma, median time from retinoblastoma to trilateral retinoblastoma, the largest size and percentage of trilateral retinoblastoma among retinoblastoma cases, functions of pineal gland, genetics, ocular and intracranial histology, diagnosis, treatment, therapy results, survival rates and frequency of screening of trilateral retinoblastoma.

[MeSH-major] Retinal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Retinal Neoplasms / epidemiology. Retinoblastoma / diagnosis. Retinoblastoma / epidemiology

[MeSH-minor] Age Distribution. Age of Onset. Animals. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Humans. Incidence. Infant. Male. Mass Screening / methods. Pineal Gland / physiopathology. Sex Distribution. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 16281731.001).

[ISSN] 0081-0746

[Journal-full-title] Bulletin de la Société belge d'ophtalmologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Belgium

[Number-of-references] 92

   

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This article reports here on the influence of the static magnetic fields (MFs), locally applied to the brain area, on Na, K-ATPase activity in the rat with lesioned nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) by intracerebral injection of 5 microl, 1% AlCl3 into the nucleus.

Two AKMA micromagnets (M) flux density of 60 miliTesla, 5 mm in diameter, were bilaterally implanted with "N" polarity facing down to the cranial bones in the vicinity of the pineal gland (PG), immediately after the lesioning of NBM, during the same operation procedure.

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(PMID = 16753895.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7454

[Journal-full-title] The International journal of neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Neurosci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aluminum Compounds; 0 / Chlorides; 3CYT62D3GA / aluminum chloride; EC 3.6.3.9 / Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase

   

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[Title] From molecular biology to anti-aging cognitive-behavioral practices: the pioneering research of Walter Pierpaoli on the pineal and bone marrow foreshadows the contemporary revolution in stem cell and regenerative biology.

More than a quarter of a century ago, Walter Pierpaoli initiated a series of extraordinary studies that demonstrated in experimental animals the potential for dramatic regeneration associated with changes in the pineal gland and bone marrow.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Animals. Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism. Diet. Exercise. Humans. Meditation. Melatonin / metabolism. Mice. Neoplasms / metabolism. Pineal Gland. Stem Cells. Stress, Physiological

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(PMID = 16399886.001).

[ISSN] 0077-8923

[Journal-full-title] Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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The AIPL1 protein is expressed in the pineal gland and retinal photoreceptors.

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(PMID = 16052170.001).

[ISSN] 1090-0535

[Journal-full-title] Molecular vision

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Vis.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Wellcome Trust / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / AIPL1 protein, human; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Eye Proteins; 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / cone rod homeobox protein; 0 / guanylate cyclase 1; 9009-81-8 / Rhodopsin; EC 3.1.1.64 / retinoid isomerohydrolase; EC 4.6.1.2 / Guanylate Cyclase; EC 5.2.- / cis-trans-Isomerases

   

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The daily profiles of food intake, liver glycogen and melatonin in the serum and the pineal gland were estimated as transverse studies under L/D=12:12 h and L/D=6:18 h.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Eating. Female. Liver / metabolism. Liver Glycogen / metabolism. Melatonin / metabolism. Mice. Mice, Inbred ICR. Motor Activity / physiology. Pineal Gland / metabolism

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(PMID = 15885257.001).

[ISSN] 0031-9384

[Journal-full-title] Physiology & behavior

[ISO-abbreviation] Physiol. Behav.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Liver Glycogen; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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The effect of the hormone of pineal gland melatonin on the ischemic tolerance and the sensitivity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in old rat heart were studied.

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(PMID = 16909751.001).

[Journal-full-title] Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994)

[ISO-abbreviation] Fiziol Zh

[Language] ukr

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ukraine

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Bax protein, rat; 0 / Free Radicals; 0 / Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; 0 / bcl-2-Associated X Protein; 0 / mitochondrial permeability transition pore; EC 1.14.13.39 / Nitric Oxide Synthase; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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Melatonin, the main hormone produced by the pineal gland, strongly inhibits the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

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(PMID = 19837985.001).

[ISSN] 1732-2693

[Journal-full-title] Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)

[ISO-abbreviation] Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)

[Language] POL

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptor, Melatonin, MT1; 0 / Receptor, Melatonin, MT2; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 79

   

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[Title] Nocturnal excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in children and adolescents with autistic disorder.

BACKGROUND: Many studies in autistic disorder report sleep problems and altered circadian rhythms, suggesting abnormalities in melatonin physiology.

Additionally, melatonin, a pineal gland hormone produced from serotonin, is of special interest in autistic disorder given reported alterations in central and peripheral serotonin neurobiology.

METHODS: Nocturnal urinary excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in groups of children and adolescents with autistic disorder (n = 49) and normal control individuals (n = 88) matched on age, sex, and Tanner stage of puberty.

Further research is warranted in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the lower melatonin production, to assess the impact of altered melatonin on the pathophysiology and behavioral expression of autistic disorder, and to determine the utility of melatonin administration in individuals with autism.

[MeSH-major] Autistic Disorder / urine. Circadian Rhythm / physiology. Communication Disorders / urine. Melatonin / analogs & derivatives. Melatonin / secretion. Melatonin / urine

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(PMID = 15652871.001).

[ISSN] 0006-3223

[Journal-full-title] Biological psychiatry

[ISO-abbreviation] Biol. Psychiatry

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 2208-40-4 / 6-sulfatoxymelatonin; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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The photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain consists of (a) specialized photoreceptors in the retina, (b) a circadian generator located in the forebrain that contains "clock genes," (c) specialized nuclei in the forebrain involved in neuroendocrine secretion, and (d) the pineal gland.

In this survey, the anatomy and function of the circadian-generating system in mammals is described, and recent proteomic studies that investigate day/night changes in the retina, SCN, and pineal gland are reviewed.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

(PMID = 19437489.001).

[ISSN] 1098-2787

[Journal-full-title] Mass spectrometry reviews

[ISO-abbreviation] Mass Spectrom Rev

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Proteome

[Number-of-references] 59

   

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[Title] Effect of continuous light on daily levels of plasma melatonin and cortisol and expression of clock genes in pineal gland, brain, and liver in atlantic salmon postsmolts.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the daily expression of clock (Per1-like, Cry2, and Clock), the nuclear transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR; CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, C/EBP), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (protein disulfide isomerase associated 3, PDIA3) genes in the pineal gland, brain, and liver of Atlantic salmon postsmolts reared under 12-h light:12-h dark (LD) regimes or under continuous light (LL) for 6 wks following transfer to seawater.

Similar variations were noted in the liver c/ebpα, pineal c/ebpδ, and pdia3 mRNAs.

Under LL, the clock and nuclear transcription factor mRNAs did not show any daily variation in the studied organs, with the exception of pineal pdia3.

Furthermore, LL had the opposite effect on the levels of melatonin and cortisol, as observed by the increase in pineal Clock, Per2, pparα, and c/ebpα and c/ebpδ mRNAs and decrease in liver Clock, Per2, and pparα mRNAs compared to those under LD.

The present findings show that the expression of clock genes is affected by the light across organs and that there is a relation between PPAR, C/EBP, and clock mRNAs; however, the functional role of the individual nuclear transcription factors related to this observation remains to be established in the pineal gland and liver. (Author correspondence: Tihu@nifes.no ).

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Brain / physiology. Cryptochromes / genetics. DNA Primers. Growth / radiation effects. Liver / physiology. Molting / physiology. Pineal Gland / physiology. Polymerase Chain Reaction. RNA, Messenger / genetics. Seasons

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(PMID = 20969519.001).

[ISSN] 1525-6073

[Journal-full-title] Chronobiology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Chronobiol. Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cryptochromes; 0 / DNA Primers; 0 / Period Circadian Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; EC 2.3.1.48 / CLOCK Proteins; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone

   

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[Title] Circadian genomics of the chick pineal gland in vitro.

These properties make the in vitro pineal a particularly useful model for exploring circadian control of gene transcription in a pacemaker tissue, as well as regulation of the transcriptome by primary inputs to the clock (both photic and noradrenergic).

CONCLUSION: Our combined approach of utilizing a temporal, photic and pharmacological microarray experiment allowed us to identify novel genes linking clock input to clock function within the pineal.

We identified approximately 30 rhythmic, light-responsive, NE-insensitive genes with no previously known clock function, which may play a role in circadian regulation of the pineal.

Further, we hypothesize that the pineal circadian transcriptome is reduced but functionally conserved in vitro, and supports an endogenous role for the pineal in regulating local rhythms in metabolism, immune function, and other conserved pathways.

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(PMID = 18454867.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2164

[Journal-full-title] BMC genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Genomics

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / P01-NS35846

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / RNA, Messenger; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2405806

   

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[Title] Synchronization of cortisol circadian rhythm by the pineal hormone melatonin in untreatable metastatic solid tumor patients and its possible prognostic significance on tumor progression.

Finally, cancer progression has been proven to be associated with alterations in the pineal gland, which plays a fundamental role in the control of circadian biological rhythms.

On this basis, a study was planned to evaluate the effects of a chronic treatment with the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) in advanced cancer patients with altered cortisol circadian rhythm.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm / physiology. Hydrocortisone / blood. Melatonin / administration & dosage. Neoplasms

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Antioxidants / administration & dosage. Anxiety / drug therapy. Asthenia / drug therapy. Disease Progression. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Pineal Gland / drug effects. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis

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(PMID = 20364003.001).

[ISSN] 0258-851X

[Journal-full-title] In vivo (Athens, Greece)

[ISO-abbreviation] In Vivo

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antioxidants; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone

   

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The same structures showed reduced uptake in IPD patients, who additionally had significant reductions in hypothalamus, ventral anterior thalamus, and pineal gland.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[CommentIn] Exp Neurol. 2010 Sep;225(1):48-50 [20450912.001]

(PMID = 20043906.001).

[ISSN] 1090-2430

[Journal-full-title] Experimental neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U120036861

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biogenic Monoamines; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; EC 2.3.2.27 / Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; EC 2.3.2.27 / parkin protein; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / PTEN-induced putative kinase

   

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[Title] Pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pineal gland.

Metastases to the pineal gland are rare and reported cases have consisted primarily of gastrointestinal and lung primary malignancies.

Here we present the case of a 66-year-old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver disease who was found at autopsy to have an unrecognized infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with metastases to the liver, lungs and pineal gland.

As far as we are aware, this is the first report of a metastasis of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas to the pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / secondary. Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology. Pineal Gland. Pinealoma / secondary

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(PMID = 18829324.001).

[ISSN] 0967-5868

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Scotland

   

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Six animals of each group were operated for removal of the pineal gland (pinealectomy-PnX), and other six were controls (sham pinealectomy-C).

CONCLUSION: As the increase of intestinal crypts epithelial cells in chronic group is a carcinogenesis predetermining factor, the understanding of the interaction between pineal gland and this event has great importance.

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(PMID = 16491217.001).

[ISSN] 0102-8650

[Journal-full-title] Acta cirurgica brasileira

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Cir Bras

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Brazil

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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[Title] Daily torpor alters multiple gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).

To reveal changes in the clockwork during torpor, we compared clock gene and neuropeptide expression by in situ hybridization in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal gland of normothermic and torpid Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).

In the pineal gland, an important clock output, Aanat expression, peaked between ZT16 and ZT22 in normothermic animals.

Furthermore, the rhythmic gene expression in a peripheral oscillator, the pineal gland, is also affected.

[MeSH-major] Adaptation, Physiological. Gene Expression Regulation. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / metabolism

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(PMID = 16687300.001).

[ISSN] 0742-0528

[Journal-full-title] Chronobiology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Chronobiol. Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ARNTL Transcription Factors; 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; 0 / Neuropeptides; EC 2.3.1.87 / Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase

   

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[Title] Daytime gating in the Syrian hamster pineal gland.

Taken together, our results indicate that the diurnal gating of pineal activity in the Syrian hamster is not caused by the repressor ICER and that it may occur at the level of noradrenergic receptor signalling.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm / genetics. Mesocricetus / genetics. Mesocricetus / physiology. Pineal Gland / physiology

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(PMID = 19549096.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2826

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuroendocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neuroendocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adrenergic Agonists; 0 / Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; 135844-64-3 / Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; EC 2.3.1.87 / Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases

   

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The diurnal changes in environmental illumination are conveyed by the retina to the brain to entrain circadian rhythms throughout the body.

The circadian signaling molecule, melatonin, is secreted into the circulation from the pineal gland, and is also produced within specific ocular cells such as retinal photoreceptors, ciliary epithelial cells, and perhaps cells of the lens.

Melatonin receptors have been identified in many ocular tissues, including the neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, cornea, sclera, and lens.

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(PMID = 18316227.001).

[ISSN] 1350-9462

[Journal-full-title] Progress in retinal and eye research

[ISO-abbreviation] Prog Retin Eye Res

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / EY09391; United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / EY13686

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Melatonin; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 226

   

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease.

However, over 70% of dopaminergic neuronal death occurs before the first symptoms appear, which makes either early diagnosis or effective treatments extremely difficult.

Only symptomatic therapies have been used, including levodopa (l-dopa), to restore dopamine content; however, the use of l-dopa leads to some long-term pro-oxidant damage.

Melatonin, or N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, an indole mainly produced in the pineal gland, has been shown to have potent endogenous antioxidant actions.

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(PMID = 16217130.001).

[ISSN] 1355-008X

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocrine

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Free Radical Scavengers; 0 / Free Radicals; 0 / Neuroprotective Agents; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 126

   

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[Title] Doctor medicinae honoris causa of the Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg for the anatomist and researcher of the pineal gland Professor Dr. Lutz Vollrath from Mainz.

[MeSH-major] Anatomy / history. Pineal Gland / anatomy & histology

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(PMID = 18668721.001).

[ISSN] 0940-9602

[Journal-full-title] Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Anat.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Biography; Historical Article; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Personal-name-as-subject] Vollrath L

   

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However, in contrast to emx1, FoxP2 is not expressed in the pineal gland or in the pronephric duct.

The developing optic tectum becomes the major area of FoxP2 expression.

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(PMID = 16525940.001).

[ISSN] 0214-6282

[Journal-full-title] The International journal of developmental biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Dev. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] GENBANK/ BQ617568/ BQ783717

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Forkhead Transcription Factors; 0 / FoxP2 protein, zebrafish; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Zebrafish Proteins

   

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[Title] The immune-pineal axis: stress as a modulator of pineal gland function.

The environmental light detected by the retina adjusts the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which innervate the pineal gland through a polysynaptic pathway.

During the night, this gland produces and releases the nocturnal hormone melatonin, which circulates throughout the whole body and adjusts several bodily functions according to the existence and duration of darkness.

We have previously shown that during the time frame of an inflammatory response, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inhibit while anti-inflammatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids, enhance the synthesis of melatonin, interfering in the daily adjustment of the light/dark cycle.

Taking into account the data obtained with models of inflammation and stress, we reinforce the hypothesis that the activity of the pineal gland is modulated by the state of the immune system and the HPA axis, implicating the darkness hormone melatonin as a modulator of defense responses.

[MeSH-major] Immune System / physiopathology. Pineal Gland / immunology. Pineal Gland / physiopathology. Stress, Psychological / physiopathology

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(PMID = 19236342.001).

[ISSN] 1749-6632

[Journal-full-title] Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Inflammation Mediators; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone

   

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[Title] Chronic stress induces upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland.

Moreover, stress induces deleterious actions on the epithalamic pineal organ, a gland involved in a wide range of physiological functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stress effects on the pineal gland are related with changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors and cell adhesion molecules.

Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, we analyzed the effect of chronic immobilization stress on the BDNF mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland.

We found that BDNF is produced in situ in the pineal gland.

Chronic immobilization stress induced upregulation of BDNF mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland but did not produce changes in beta-actin mRNA or in GAPDH expression.

Furthermore, this study proposes that the pineal gland may be a target of glucocorticoid damage during stress.

[MeSH-major] Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism. Gene Expression / physiology. Integrin alpha5 / metabolism. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Stress, Psychological / physiopathology. Up-Regulation / physiology

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(PMID = 16626638.001).

[ISSN] 0006-8993

[Journal-full-title] Brain research

[ISO-abbreviation] Brain Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; 0 / Integrin alpha5; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

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Previous studies have shown that the amplitude of daily melatonin production in cultured ruin lizard pineal organs explanted in the summer is significantly higher than that from organs explanted in the winter.

To test whether seasonal photoperiodic changes are decoded autonomously by the pineal gland, pineals explanted in summer were cultured in vitro and exposed to changes between winter and summer photoperiods.

The discrepancy between the present in vitro results and those from lizards exposed to winter or summer photoperiods before pineal explantation supports the view that circadian information entering the pineal gland via its innervation is involved in determining seasonal changes of melatonin production in ruin lizards.

We further examined whether a central component of the circadian system of ruin lizards, specifically the retinae of the lateral eyes, expresses similar seasonal changes in function as does the pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm. Pineal Gland / anatomy & histology

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(PMID = 16687305.001).

[ISSN] 0742-0528

[Journal-full-title] Chronobiology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Chronobiol. Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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Descartes intuitively anticipated the so-called 'binding problem' of consciousness and thought that the pineal gland enables spatio-temporal integration in cognitive processing.

Recent findings indicate that a major role in the process of temporal integration and binding involve neurons in suprachiasmatic nuclei, specifically targeting the pineal gland and other structures, and control the neuroendocrine rhythms.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cerebral Cortex / metabolism. Circadian Rhythm. Gene Expression Regulation. Humans. Long-Term Potentiation. Memory. Mental Disorders / metabolism. Neurons / metabolism. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / metabolism

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(PMID = 18410583.001).

[ISSN] 1600-079X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 136

   

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[Title] Trans-pineal microdialysis in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus): a tool to study seasonal changes of circadian clock activities.

The rhythmic secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland is under control of the circadian clock, conveying the photoperiodic message to the organism.

Trans-pineal microdialysis permits the in vivo study of this well-defined and precise clock output by measuring melatonin release directly in the pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm / physiology. Melatonin / secretion. Microdialysis / methods. Pineal Gland / secretion

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(PMID = 16441555.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain in response to darkness.

Melatonin is made available when tryptophan is converted to serotonin and then enzymatically converted to melatonin in the pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use. Antioxidants / therapeutic use. Complementary Therapies / organization & administration. Evidence-Based Medicine / organization & administration. Melatonin / therapeutic use. Neoplasms / drug therapy

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(PMID = 16482735.001).

[ISSN] 1092-1095

[Journal-full-title] Clinical journal of oncology nursing

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin J Oncol Nurs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adjuvants, Immunologic; 0 / Antioxidants; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

[Number-of-references] 10

   

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[Title] Cyclic AMP-inducible genes respond uniformly to seasonal lighting conditions in the rat pineal gland.

In the present study, we compared the influence of the photoperiodic history on the cAMP-inducible genes AA-NAT, inducible cyclic AMP early repressor (ICER), fos-related antigen-2 (FRA-2), mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), nerve growth factor inducible gene-A (NGFI-A) and nerve growth factor inducible gene-B (NGFI-B) in the pineal gland of rats.

For this purpose, we monitored the daily profiles of each gene in the same pineal gland under a long (light/dark 16:8) and a short (light/dark 8:16) photoperiod by measuring the respective mRNA amounts by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Our study indicates that, despite differences regarding the expressional control and the temporal phasing of the daily profile, cAMP-inducible genes are uniformly influenced by photoperiodic history in the rat pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Circadian Rhythm. Cyclic AMP / pharmacology. Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation. Light. Pineal Gland

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(PMID = 16962714.001).

[ISSN] 0306-4522

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroscience

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / RNA, Messenger; 135844-64-3 / Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; E0399OZS9N / Cyclic AMP

   

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[Title] Biomedical evidence of influence of geopathic zones on the human body: scientifically traceable effects and ways of harmonization.

It has often been tried to experimentally detect direct influences on the body.

The target of this study was to verify influences of 2 different zones above ground on the human body and to test a device for which pilot studies have indicated a potential harmonizing effect in this context.

The main analytical parameter was the GDV glow image area (area of glow).

With the Geowave blindly mounted in an adjacent room of the above story, a marked increase of the glow image area was found in both zones.

The corona projections showed well-recognizable points of body energy deficits in the geopathic zone, mostly associated with the lymphatic system, the cardiovascular system and the pineal gland, which were -- to a distinctly lesser degree -- also present in the more neutral zone.

CONCLUSION: The significant differences in the physical area of glow parameter, which were also noticed for the complementary parameters analyzed, lead to the conclusion that the 2 different zones within the same room (geopathic vs. more neutral zone) exerted different influences on the human body, which may have caused a geopathic stress phenomenon.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Double-Blind Method. Electromagnetic Fields. Energy Metabolism / physiology. Evidence-Based Medicine. Female. Humans. Immune System / physiopathology. Male. Meridians. Middle Aged. Pineal Gland / physiopathology. Reproducibility of Results

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(PMID = 16391480.001).

[ISSN] 1424-7364

[Journal-full-title] Forschende Komplementärmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

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[Title] Effect of photoperiod on the fish innate immune system: a link between fish pineal gland and the immune system.

The pineal gland via its secretory product, melatonin, influences the light-dark rhythm in most vertebrates including fish.

The present results demonstrate that the humoral innate immune system has a circadian rhythm based on the light-dark cycle and that this cycle might be affected by the pineal gland.

[MeSH-major] Bass / immunology. Immunity, Innate / physiology. Photoperiod. Pineal Gland / physiology. Sea Bream / immunology

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(PMID = 16948787.001).

[ISSN] 0742-3098

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pineal research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pineal Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin

   

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[Title] Circadian rhythms and different photoresponses of Clock gene transcription in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland.

The aim of this study was to observe and compare the endogenous circadian rhythm and photoresponse of Clock gene transcription in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal gland (PG) of rats.

[MeSH-major] CLOCK Proteins / genetics. Circadian Rhythm / physiology. Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / physiology. Pineal Gland / physiology. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / physiology

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(PMID = 16906337.001).

[ISSN] 0371-0874

[Journal-full-title] Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]

[ISO-abbreviation] Sheng Li Xue Bao

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.3.1.48 / CLOCK Proteins

   

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The SCN, in turn, innervates the pineal gland, that is responsible for the production and release of melatonin.

Light stimulus causes the attenuation of melatonin secretion from the pineal gland; whereas the cessation of light increases melatonin secretion.

[MeSH-minor] Chronobiology Phenomena. Humans. Pineal Gland / physiology. Pineal Gland / physiopathology. Signal Transduction. Sleep. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / physiology. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / physiopathology. Wakefulness

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[CommentIn] Harefuah. 2006 Jun;145(6):433-6, 470 [16838899.001]

(PMID = 16838900.001).

[ISSN] 0017-7768

[Journal-full-title] Harefuah

[ISO-abbreviation] Harefuah

[Language] heb

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Israel

[Number-of-references] 38

   

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At later stages, the OTX2 protein was found in the subcommissural organ, pineal gland, and cerebellum.

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(PMID = 20354145.001).

[ISSN] 1551-5044

[Journal-full-title] The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Histochem. Cytochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / OTX1 protein, human; 0 / OTX2 protein, human; 0 / Otx Transcription Factors; 0 / RNA, Messenger

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2889402

   

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With the exception of a few fine fibers that occupied only a part of certain inter-diencephalic boundaries, fiber tracts were present within the parenchyma of respective subdivisions.

The other was the absence of the dorsoventral diencephalic tract in Alligator which lacks a pineal gland.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19968970.001).

[ISSN] 1872-6240

[Journal-full-title] Brain research

[ISO-abbreviation] Brain Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tubulin

   

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The gene encoding the last enzyme of the melatonin-synthesis pathway, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), is selectively expressed in retinal photoreceptors and pineal cells.

Here, we analysed the promoter of the chicken HIOMT gene and we found that a homeodomain-binding element located in the proximal region of this promoter was essential for its activation in primary cultures of embryonic chicken retinal cells.

This homeodomain-regulatory element interacted with a protein expressed in the chicken retina and pineal gland, which was recognized by an anti-Otx2 antiserum.

In adult chicken, Otx2 mRNA was found to be present in those two tissues that express HIOMT: the retina and the pineal gland.

In the pineal, Otx2 immunolabelling was specifically localized in the nuclei of photoreceptor cells.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Blotting, Northern / methods. Blotting, Western / methods. Cell Differentiation / genetics. Cells, Cultured. Chick Embryo. Eye Proteins / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / genetics. In Situ Hybridization / methods. Pineal Gland / growth & development. RNA, Messenger / analysis. Recombinant Proteins / genetics. Transcription, Genetic / genetics. Transcriptional Activation / genetics

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. MELATONIN .

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(PMID = 16563383.001).

[ISSN] 0014-4835

[Journal-full-title] Experimental eye research

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Eye Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Eye Proteins; 0 / Otx Transcription Factors; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Recombinant Proteins; EC 2.1.1.4 / Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase; JL5DK93RCL / Melatonin