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BACKGROUND: Incidental findings of an enlarged head of pancreas (HOP) or dilated pancreatic duct (PD) with or without a dilated common bile duct (CBD) on CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients without obstructive jaundice, raise suspicion for a pancreatic neoplasm, but their clinical significance has not been established.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pancreatic neoplasm in this patient group.

The final diagnosis was based on definitive cytology, surgical pathology, and clinical follow-up.

(1) The prevalence of pancreatic neoplasms and (2) performance characteristics of EUS-FNA for identifying malignant neoplasm, in this patient group.

RESULTS: In 110 study patients, the final diagnosis included adenocarcinoma (n = 7), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 1), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1), tumor metastasis (n = 1), and benign cyst (n = 3).

The accuracy of EUS and EUS-FNA for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasm in these patients was 99.1%, with 88.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 99% negative predicative value, and 100% positive predictive value.

CONCLUSION: A pancreatic neoplasm is seen in a clinically significant number of patients with "enlarged HOP" or "dilated PD with or without a dilated CBD" but without obstructive jaundice.

EUS-FNA seems highly accurate for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasm in these patients.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis. Biopsy, Fine-Needle / methods. Diagnostic Imaging / methods. Endosonography / methods. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Age Distribution. Aged. Cohort Studies. Common Bile Duct / pathology. Common Bile Duct / ultrasonography. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Incidence. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Middle Aged. Pancreatic Ducts / pathology. Pancreatic Ducts / ultrasonography. Pancreatitis / diagnosis. Pancreatitis / epidemiology. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Risk Factors. Sensitivity and Specificity. Sex Distribution. Survival Analysis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

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[CommentIn] Endoscopy. 2010 Jan;42(1):68-72 [20066593.001]

(PMID = 18423464.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6779

[Journal-full-title] Gastrointestinal endoscopy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastrointest. Endosc.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Detailed questionnaires were used, focusing on patients, tumors, operative data, and late outcome.

Final diagnoses included benign pancreatic diseases in 111 patients (87%; insulinoma: 22, neuroendocrine neoplasm: 20, mucinous cystadenoma: 26, serous cystadenoma: 21, chronic pancreatitis: 11, others: 11), and 16 patients (13%) had malignant pancreatic diseases (insulinoma: 3, neuroendocrine neoplasm: 5, ductal adenocarcinoma: 4, cystadenocarcinoma: 2, renal metastases: 2).

Five patients with presumed benign pancreatic disease had malignancy at final pathology.

The median tumor size was 30 mm (range, 5-120 mm); 89% of tumors were located in the left pancreas.

During a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 3-47 months), 23% of the patients with pancreatic malignancies had tumor recurrence.

Late outcome was satisfactory in all patients with benign diseases.

CONCLUSIONS: LPR is feasible and safe in selected patients with presumed benign and distal pancreatic tumors.

[MeSH-minor] Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Length of Stay. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Reoperation. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 15962401.001).

[ISSN] 0039-6060

[Journal-full-title] Surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Sporadic pancreatic polypeptide secreting tumors (PPomas) of the pancreas.

BACKGROUND: Sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which predominantly secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PPoma), are rare and have not been associated with a clinical syndrome.

Their diagnosis was established by the presence of an enhancing solitary pancreatic tumor on computed tomography (CT) and elevated fasting pancreatic polypeptide hormone levels.

Patient 4 underwent distal pancreatectomy for a pancreatic neck tumor causing ductal obstruction and distal parenchymal atrophy.

RESULTS: All cases had benign histological features apart from patient 1 whose tumor demonstrated occasional mitotic activity.

These tumors have not recurred after a median of 49 (range, 35-57) months.

The protein expression in the tumor tissue was measured by SELDI-TOF MS and was different than the profile of pancreatic adenocarcinoma that was previously demonstrated in our laboratory.

CONCLUSION: Resection of sporadic PPomas presenting as a solitary well-defined mass with benign histological features results in good long-term survival.

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(PMID = 18521664.001).

[ISSN] 0364-2313

[Journal-full-title] World journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] World J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 59763-91-6 / Pancreatic Polypeptide

[Number-of-references] 42

   

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[Title] Differential expression of interleukin-8 and its receptors in the neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine compartments of prostate cancer.

After an initial response in most patients, tumors invariably progress to an androgen-independent state.

Using immunohistochemistry, we show that interleukin-8 was expressed by the neuroendocrine tumor cells in human prostate cancer tissue.

Expression of the interleukin-8 receptor CXCR1 was negative or low in benign prostatic tissue and was frequently increased in malignant cells of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer; however, CXCR1 was not detected in the neuroendocrine tumor cells, suggesting a paracrine mechanism by which interleukin-8 produced by neuroendocrine tumor cells stimulates androgen-independent proliferation of prostate cancer.

Neuroendocrine tumor cells expressed another type of interleukin-8 receptor, CXCR2, suggesting an autocrine mechanism by which interleukin-8 regulates the differentiation or function of the neuroendocrine cells.

These results, combined with previous reports that neuroendocrine differentiation is induced by hormonal therapy, suggest that neuroendocrine cells play an important role in promoting androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer through interleukin-8 signaling.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / pathology. Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis. Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology. Receptors, Interleukin-8A / biosynthesis. Receptors, Interleukin-8B / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 15920165.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9440

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Interleukin-8; 0 / Receptors, Interleukin-8A; 0 / Receptors, Interleukin-8B

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1602414

   

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[Title] Granin-derived peptides as diagnostic and prognostic markers for endocrine tumors.

Chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity (CgA-LI) has been, and remains, the most widely used diagnostic and prognostic marker for endocrine tumors.

However, circulating concentrations of CgA-LI are elevated in several non-neoplastic diseases and in patients receiving acid-suppression therapy which may lead to false positive diagnosis.

Additionally, certain endocrine tumors, such as rectal carcinoids, do not express the CgA gene so that there is a need for additional markers to complement CgA measurements.

Plasma concentrations of the CgA-derived peptide, pancreastatin, measured with antisera of defined regional specificity, have a prognostic value in patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors receiving somatostatin analog therapy or hepatic artery chemoembolization.

Other CgA-derived peptides with potential as tumor markers are vasostatin-1, WE-14, catestatin, GE-25, and EL-35 but their value has yet to be fully assessed.

Circulating concentrations of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity (CgB-LI) are not elevated in non-neoplastic diseases and measurements of CCB, the COOH-terminal fragment of CgB, may be useful as a biochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in lung tumors.

Antisera to the secretogranin II-derived peptide, secretoneurin detects carcinoid tumors of the appendix with greater frequency than antisera to CgA and are of value in identifying therapy-resistant carcinoma of the prostate (clinical stage D3).

Measurement of concentrations of a second secretogranin II-derived peptide, EM-66 in tumor tissue has been used to differentiate between benign and malignant pheochromocytoma.

These examples point to a limited although potentially valuable role for granin-derived peptides as tumor markers.

[MeSH-major] Chromogranins / metabolism. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / pathology

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19931574.001).

[ISSN] 1873-1686

[Journal-full-title] Regulatory peptides

[ISO-abbreviation] Regul. Pept.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Chromogranin A; 0 / Chromogranin B; 0 / Chromogranins; 0 / Secretogranin II

   

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Studies have suggested that BMP-2 may enhance tumor growth.

The present study examined which BMP family members are expressed in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC).

Samples included metastatic NSCLC, benign lung tumors, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar, and neuroendocrine carcinomas.

The BMP-2 was over-expressed in all subtypes of NSCLC, including neuroendocrine carcinomas.

The BMP-2 expression was similar between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas; however, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas tended to have a lower level of expression.

The BMP-2 was not significantly expressed in benign lung tumors.

The BMP-2 is overexpressed in the majority of human lung carcinomas independent of cell type.

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma / genetics. Adenocarcinoma / metabolism. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / genetics. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / metabolism. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / genetics. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Growth Differentiation Factor 5. Humans. Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism

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[CommentIn] Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Sep;80(3):1032 [16122480.001]

(PMID = 16122479.001).

[ISSN] 1552-6259

[Journal-full-title] The Annals of thoracic surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Thorac. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA91919-01A1

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BMP2 protein, human; 0 / BMP4 protein, human; 0 / BMP6 protein, human; 0 / BMP7 protein, human; 0 / Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; 0 / Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; 0 / Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; 0 / Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; 0 / Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; 0 / GDF5 protein, human; 0 / Growth Differentiation Factor 5; 0 / Transforming Growth Factor beta

   

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[Title] Malignancy-associated X chromosome allelic losses in foregut endocrine neoplasms: further evidence from lung tumors.

Association of X chromosome allelic losses with tumor malignancy has been identified in foregut but not in midgut endocrine neoplasms.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of deletions on X chromosome with malignancy in lung neuroendocrine tumors, another family of foregut neoplasms comprising four categories with increased malignancy: typical and atypical carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine and small cell lung carcinomas.

To evaluate loss of heterozygosity, DNA extracted from nine typical carcinoids, 17 atypical carcinoids, six large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and five small cell lung carcinomas was PCR-amplified for 18 microsatellite markers spanning the whole X chromosome.

X chromosome losses were absent in typical carcinoids, whereas they were found in nine out of 17 atypical carcinoids and in five out of six large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (involving 28 and 70% of informative loci, respectively).

On the contrary, deletions on X chromosome were an extremely rare event in small cell lung carcinomas.

In atypical carcinoids, the presence of losses was associated with larger tumor size, higher pT status and advanced stage.

In conclusion, X chromosome allelic losses, absent in benign 'typical' carcinoids, progressively increased in frequency from intermediate-grade 'atypical' carcinoids to high-grade large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.

These results extend the association of deletions on X chromosome with malignancy, already demonstrated in other foregut endocrine neoplasms, to lung neuroendocrine tumors.

The absence of X chromosome allelic losses in small cell lung carcinomas underlines a striking difference from large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, possibly linked to different pathogenetic mechanisms of these two highly aggressive neuroendocrine lung tumors.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, X / genetics. Loss of Heterozygosity. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Carcinoid Tumor / genetics. Carcinoid Tumor / pathology. Carcinoma, Large Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Large Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Small Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Small Cell / pathology. Female. Humans. Microsatellite Repeats. Middle Aged. Survival Analysis

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(PMID = 15578070.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Giant malignant insulinoma which developed from a non-functioning pancreatic tumor over a long period of time.

Insulinomas are the most common hormone-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which are usually benign, solitary and small.

We describe herein a patient with a giant insulinoma (>10 cm in diameter) with concomitant thyroid tumor as detected by Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS).

A 50-year-old man presented hypoglycemic symptoms 20 years after the first detection of a pancreatic tumor, which was ameliorated by administration of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide.

SRS showed abnormal uptake by the insulinoma as well as by the thyroid tumor.

RT-PCR and immunohistochemical study revealed abundant expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-1, -2, and -5 in his insulinoma and SSTR-1 and -2 in his thyroid follicular neoplasm.

This is a rare case of a slow-growing pancreatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma over a long period of time to become a symptomatic giant insulinoma.

Furthermore, SRS proves to be a useful tool for localization of insulinoma as well as concomitant thyroid neoplasm with predominant expression of SSTRs.

[MeSH-major] Insulinoma / diagnosis. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis

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(PMID = 20686293.001).

[ISSN] 1349-7235

[Journal-full-title] Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

[ISO-abbreviation] Intern. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

   

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[Title] Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas.

Although neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are traditionally managed by laparotomy, these rare neoplasms may be amenable to laparoscopic surgical resection.

Two female patients aged 63 and 69 years presented with clinical and biochemical features of an insulinoma and a vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumor (VIPoma), and were found on cross-sectional imaging to have 1.2-cm and 4.5-cm solitary tumors in the tail of the pancreas.

Histology revealed a benign insulinoma and a malignant VIPoma with lymph node metastases respectively.

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas may be accomplished safely, with preservation of the spleen and splenic vessels in benign disease, and with benefits to the patients in terms of postoperative recovery.

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(PMID = 15816491.001).

[ISSN] 0172-6390

[Journal-full-title] Hepato-gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Hepatogastroenterology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

   

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[Title] Tumour biology and histopathology of neuroendocrine tumours.

The tumours of the disseminated/diffuse neuroendocrine cell system are a group of neoplasms sharing uniformly appearing cells which differ from each other in their biology, prognosis and genetics.

In the lung they are called carcinoid and small/large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.

In the gastroenteropancreatic compartment they are classified as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours or carcinomas and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Their clinical behaviour--ranging from benign and low-grade to high-grade malignancy--can be predicted on the basis of clinicopathological criteria.

[MeSH-major] Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Carcinoma / classification. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Carcinoma / genetics. Carcinoma / pathology. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / classification. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / genetics. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Neurosecretory Systems / cytology. Prognosis. Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / classification. Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / diagnosis. Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / genetics. Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 17382263.001).

[ISSN] 1521-690X

[Journal-full-title] Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Number-of-references] 48

   

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[Title] Clinicopathological features of patients with concomitant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and pancreatic endocrine neoplasm.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The occurrence of concomitant pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has rarely been reported.

Seven of the PENs were classified as benign, 2 were potentially malignant, and 1 was frankly malignant with lymph node involvement.

Five of these neoplasms were benign, 2 were borderline and 3 were malignant (1 carcinoma in situ).

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / pathology. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / pathology. Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. Neoplasms, Second Primary / pathology. Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Chromogranins / metabolism. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Synaptophysin / metabolism. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP.

(PMID = 17124434.001).

[ISSN] 1424-3903

[Journal-full-title] Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Pancreatology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Chromogranins; 0 / Synaptophysin

   

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[Title] Parenchyma-preserving resections for small nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND: Parenchyma-preserving resections (PPRs), including enucleation and middle pancreatectomy (MP), are accepted procedures for insulinomas, but their role in the treatment of nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors (NF-PETs) is debated.

Median size of the tumors was 13.5 mm with no preoperative suspicion of malignancy in all patients.

At pathology, there were 34 (68%) benign lesions, 13 (26%) neoplasms of uncertain behavior, and 3 (6%) well-differentiated carcinomas.

Forty-one patients (82%) had tumors < or =2 cm in size.

Overall, four patients (8%) experienced tumor recurrence after a mean of 68 months.

[MeSH-major] Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neuroendocrine Tumors / surgery. Pancreatectomy / methods. Pancreatic Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 20162460.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Current assessment and management of glomus tumors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an overview on the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glomus tumors (paragangliomas).

RECENT FINDINGS: The review focuses on the genetics of paragangliomas and discusses the role of newer therapeutic modalities in the management of jugulotympanic paragangliomas.

SUMMARY: Recent advances in the field of genetics allowed the identification of three main loci involved in hereditary paragangliomas.

The management of glomus tumors continues to be a challenging task.

[MeSH-major] Diagnostic Imaging / methods. Glomus Tumor / diagnosis. Glomus Tumor / surgery. Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnosis. Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Angiography / methods. Female. Glomus Jugulare Tumor / diagnosis. Glomus Jugulare Tumor / epidemiology. Glomus Jugulare Tumor / surgery. Humans. Incidence. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Neoplasm Staging. Paraganglioma / diagnosis. Paraganglioma / epidemiology. Paraganglioma / surgery. Prognosis. Radiographic Image Enhancement. Radiosurgery / methods. Risk Assessment. Survival Rate. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

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(PMID = 18797283.001).

[ISSN] 1531-6998

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 46

   

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[Title] Immunohistochemical characterization of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells increase in high grade/stage prostate cancer (PC) and may contribute to androgen-independent cancer.

METHODS: PC tissue was stained immunohistochemically for luminal secretory cell-associated cytokeratin, basal cell markers, ki-67, androgen receptor (AR), PSA, prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR).

RESULTS: The NE cells are positive for AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, and negative for basal cell markers.

The benign NE cells are negative for AMACR while the malignant NE cells are positive for AMACR.

They are post-mitotic cells but are malignant and part of the tumor.

[MeSH-major] Neuroendocrine Tumors / metabolism. Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology. Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism. Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Acid Phosphatase / genetics. Acid Phosphatase / metabolism. Androgen Antagonists / pharmacology. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Keratins / genetics. Keratins / metabolism. Ki-67 Antigen / genetics. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Male. Phenotype. Prostate-Specific Antigen / genetics. Prostate-Specific Antigen / metabolism. Racemases and Epimerases / genetics. Racemases and Epimerases / metabolism. Receptors, Androgen / genetics. Receptors, Androgen / metabolism

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(PMID = 16865726.001).

[ISSN] 0270-4137

[Journal-full-title] The Prostate

[ISO-abbreviation] Prostate

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Androgen Antagonists; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Receptors, Androgen; 68238-35-7 / Keratins; EC 3.1.3.2 / Acid Phosphatase; EC 3.4.21.77 / Prostate-Specific Antigen; EC 5.1.- / Racemases and Epimerases; EC 5.1.99.4 / alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase

   

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Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LPS) has seen significant development but much of the knowledge refers to small and benign pancreatic tumors.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcome of the laparoscopic approach in patients with benign, premalignant, and overt malignant lesions of the pancreas.

The 103 patients were divided based on preoperative diagnosis: group I, inflammatory tumors for chronic pancreatitis (eight patients); group II, cystic pancreatic neoplasms (29 patients); group III, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (10 patients); group IV, neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (NETs) (43 patients); and group V ductal adenocarcinoma (13 patients).

The median tumor size was 5.3 cm.

Long-term outcomes were analysed by tumor recurrence and patient survival.

R(0) resection was achieved in 90% of ductal adenocarcinoma and 100% for other malignant tumors.

This series demonstrates that LPS is feasible and safe in benign-appearing and malignant lesions of the pancreas.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Feasibility Studies. Female. Humans. Length of Stay. Male. Middle Aged. Neuroendocrine Tumors / surgery. Pancreatectomy. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17896167.001).

[ISSN] 1091-255X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Gastrointest. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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OBJECT: Many benign intracranial tumors are amenable to radiotherapy treatment including meningiomas, schwannomas, pituitary tumors, and craniopharyngiomas.

The authors discuss the role of radiation therapy in the management of these tumors, and more specifically, the role of CyberKnife SRS.

All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and visual and neuroendocrine evaluations before and at regular intervals after SRS.

A multisession treatment regimen and a nonisocentric treatment plan for each patient were used with a mean marginal dose of 21.6 Gy and a mean maximal dose of 29.9 Gy.

Evaluation of patients between 13 and 71 years of age (mean 34.5 years) with a mean follow-up period of 15.4 months revealed no deterioration in visual or neuroendocrine function.

Tumor shrinkage was achieved in 7 of these 11 patients, and tumor control in another 3.

One patient had cystic enlargement of the residual tumor.

CONCLUSIONS: The authors' early experience with the application of CyberKnife SRS to residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas has been positive; control or shrinkage of the tumor was achieved in 91% of patients, with no visual or neuroendocrine complications.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Optic Nerve Diseases / etiology. Remission Induction. Retrospective Studies. Salvage Therapy. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 18447743.001).

[ISSN] 1092-0684

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgical focus

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurg Focus

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 55

   

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[Title] Clinicopathological analysis of paraganglioma with literature review.

AIM: To investigate the 152 cases of paragangliomas resected over the past 32 years in West China Hospital clinicopathologically.

METHODS: All cases of paragangliomas diagnosed at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, China were reviewed.

RESULTS: The neuroendocrine marker vimentin was found to be selectively expressed in the benign tumors, and there were significant differences in the expression of those markers in both benign and malignant tumors.

CONCLUSION: Vimentin may be useful in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors.

The difference in the expression of this marker in the tumors could be a clue to the future clinical diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Paraganglioma / diagnosis. Paraganglioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Child. China. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Survival Analysis. Vimentin / metabolism. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19554653.001).

[ISSN] 2219-2840

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Vimentin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2702108

   

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[Title] PAX8 Expression in well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine tumors: correlation with clinicopathologic features and comparison with gastrointestinal and pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

PAX (paired box) genes encode a family of transcription factors that regulate organogenesis and cell-lineage specification in multiple organ systems.

In the pancreas, PAX proteins play a critical role in islet cell differentiation.

However, PAX8 expression has not previously been examined in pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs).

PAX8 expression in other well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs) was also studied.

In total, 190 tumors were evaluated: 156 primary WDNETs (63 PETs, 31 ileal, 5 duodenal, 5 gastric, 19 appendiceal, 13 rectal, and 20 pulmonary carcinoid tumors) and 34 liver metastases (18 PETs and 16 ileal carcinoid tumors).

Expression of PAX8 was significantly associated with WHO category 1.1 ("benign" behavior) compared with category 1.2 (uncertain behavior) or 2 (well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma) (positive in 100%, 64%, and 52% of tumors, respectively; P<0.05).

PAX8-positive PETs were also significantly smaller and more often clinically functional; PAX8-negative tumors were more frequently associated with liver metastases.

PAX8 expression was detected in 0/20 (0%) pulmonary, 1/5 (20%) gastric, 5/5 (100%) duodenal, 0/31 (0%) ileal, 4/19 (21%) appendiceal, and 11/13 (85%) rectal carcinoid tumors.

Among the liver metastases, PAX8 was positive in 9/18 (50%) metastatic PETs compared with 0/16 (0%) metastatic ileal carcinoid tumors.

In the GI tract, PAX8 is positive in the majority of duodenal and rectal carcinoid tumors, and in a minor subset of appendiceal and gastric carcinoids.

PAX8 expression is absent in ileal and pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

PAX8 immunostaining may be helpful in determining the primary site for a WDNET metastatic to the liver, as ileal (PAX8 negative) and pancreatic (PAX8 positive) tumors most often present as a metastasis from an occult primary.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Islet Cell / pathology. Carcinoid Tumor / pathology. Carcinoma, Islet Cell / secondary. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Paired Box Transcription Factors / metabolism. Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Islets of Langerhans / metabolism. Islets of Langerhans / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / metabolism. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Lymph Nodes / pathology. Male. Middle Aged

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[CommentIn] Am J Surg Pathol. 2011 Dec;35(12):1906-8 [22067332.001]

(PMID = 20414099.001).

[ISSN] 1532-0979

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / PAX8 protein, human; 0 / Paired Box Transcription Factors

   

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AIMS: Phaeochromocytomas are rare but potentially life-threatening neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system ganglia.

There are no histological features which reliably differentiate benign from malignant phaeochromocytomas.

METHODS AND RESULTS: COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression were examined immunohistochemically in tissue from 41 sporadic phaeochromocytoma patients followed up for a minimum of 5 years after diagnosis.

There was a statistically significant association between COX-2 histoscore (intensity x proportion) and the development of tumour recurrence or metastases (P = 0.006).

A significant relationship was observed between coexpression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in the primary tumour and the presence of recurrent disease (P = 0.034).

A highly significant association was observed between (i) tumour-associated expression of these two oncoproteins (P = 0.001) and (ii) COX-2 histoscore and the presence of Bcl-2 expression (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 and Bcl-2 may promote phaeochromocytoma malignancy, and these oncoproteins may be valuable surrogate markers of an aggressive tumour phenotype.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Cyclooxygenase 2 / biosynthesis. Pheochromocytoma / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

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(PMID = 17916073.001).

[ISSN] 0309-0167

[Journal-full-title] Histopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Histopathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2

   

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[Title] Reduced quality of life in patients with head-and-neck paragangliomas.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with head-and-neck paragangliomas ('glomus tumors').

METHODS: We assessed QoL in 82 patients with head-and-neck paragangliomas using four validated health-related questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Index (MFI-20), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP).

RESULTS: The QoL scores in the paraganglioma patients were significantly reduced in 12 out of the 21 subscales compared with own controls, and in 18 out of the 21 subscales compared with age- and sex-adjusted values derived from the previous studies.

In the MFI-20 questionnaire, patients reported more general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and a reduction in activity and motivation.

General health perception, pain, and physical functioning were reported to be worse in the paraganglioma patients on the SF-36 scale.

CONCLUSION: QoL is considerably reduced in patients with head-and-neck paragangliomas.

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(PMID = 18230833.001).

[ISSN] 1479-683X

[Journal-full-title] European journal of endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Endocrinol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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Because more than one marker must be considered to obtain a classification of cancer or no cancer, and if cancer, to classify it as malignant, borderline, or benign, we must develop an intelligent decision system that can fullfill such an unmet medical need.

We have also used immunohistochemistry techniques to measure the gene expression profiles from a number of antigens such as cyclin E, P27KIP1, FHIT, Ki-67, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, P53, Fas, FasL and hTERT in several particular types of neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and the adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), adenomas (ACA), and hyperplasia (ACH) involved with Cushing's syndrome.

We provided statistical evidence that higher expression levels of hTERT, PCNA and Ki-67 etc. are associated with a higher risk that the tumors are malignant or borderline as opposed to benign.

We also investigated whether higher expression levels of P27KIP1 and FHIT, etc., are associated with a decreased risk of adrenomedullary tumors.

While no significant difference was found between cell-arrest antigens such as P27KIP1 for malignant, borderline, and benign tumors, there was a significant difference between expression levels of such antigens in normal adrenal medulla samples and in adrenomedullary tumors.

This research has many potential applications; it might provide an alternative diagnostic tool and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in malignant transformation as well as information that is useful for treatment planning and cancer prevention.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / classification. Algorithms. Artificial Intelligence. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Cushing Syndrome / classification

[MeSH-minor] China. Gene Expression Profiling. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization. Logistic Models. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 18366613.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2164

[Journal-full-title] BMC genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Genomics

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2386065

   

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Endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (E-DCIS) is an intraductal carcinoma characterized by endocrine features and expression of neuroendocrine markers.

However, the former is an intraductal carcinoma, and the latter is an intraductal benign lesion.

However, it is considered that E-DCIS diagnosis is possible by diffuse immunopositivity of CD56 after having been based on histopathology.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD56 / metabolism. Antigens, CD57 / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / diagnosis. Papilloma, Intraductal / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Reproducibility of Results. Young Adult

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[CommentIn] Pathol Int. 2011 Jan;61(1):49-51 [21166944.001]

(PMID = 20518901.001).

[ISSN] 1440-1827

[Journal-full-title] Pathology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Pathol. Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD56; 0 / Antigens, CD57; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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[Title] [Pancreas. Part II: Tumors].

Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor, affecting the head in 60-70% of cases.

By the time of diagnosis, approximately 80% of tumors are unresectable.

Serous cystadenoma is benign, has a lobulated contour and contains innumerable small cysts of 0.1-2 cm in diameter.

Neuroendocrine tumors are mostly hypervascular.

Diagnosis of insulinoma is a challenge: they are <2 cm in 90% of cases and mostly hypervascular at CT or MRI.

A combination of contrast-enhanced MDCT, MRI, endosonography, and/or somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is used to detect these small tumors.

This review summarizes the imaging features of the most common pancreatic tumors and discusses the limitations of CT, MRI and endosonography.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods. Ultrasonography / methods

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(PMID = 16715226.001).

[ISSN] 0033-832X

[Journal-full-title] Der Radiologe

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiologe

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 66

   

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bronchopulmonary carcinoids (BPC) are rare tumors of neuroendocrine origin.

These tumors are histologically classified into two distinctive forms, typical and the more malignant atypical BPC.

Average tumor-diameter was 2.5 cm (range 0.4-5.5), with typical histology in 54 (84%) and atypical in 10 patients (16%).

CONCLUSION: BPCs usually behave as benign neoplasms, with excellent long-term survival after surgical removal.

Therefore, histology (typical vs. atypical) can not be used with certainty to predict the clinical behaviour of these tumors.

[MeSH-major] Bronchial Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoid Tumor / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Iceland / epidemiology. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Pneumonectomy. Population Surveillance. Retrospective Studies. Time Factors. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 18310777.001).

[ISSN] 0023-7213

[Journal-full-title] Læknablađiđ

[ISO-abbreviation] Laeknabladid

[Language] ice

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Iceland

   

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The distinction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic tumor in the liver often presents a diagnostic challenge that carries significant impact on prognostication and therapy.

The sensitivities of Arg-1 in well, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCCs are 100%, 96.2%, and 85.7%, respectively, whereas, in comparison, HepPar-1 demonstrated sensitivities of 100%, 83.0%, and 46.4% for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively.

We also examined Arg-1 expression in nonhepatocellular tumors, including many that are potential mimics of HCC (renal cell carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, melanomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, and adrenocortical carcinomas) and found that only 2 non-HCC tumors were reactive for Arg-1.

Arg-1 represents a sensitive and specific marker of benign and malignant hepatocytes that may ultimately prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in routine surgical pathology practice.

[MeSH-major] Arginase / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / enzymology. Hepatocytes / enzymology. Immunohistochemistry. Liver Neoplasms / enzymology

[MeSH-minor] Brazil. Cell Differentiation. Humans. Predictive Value of Tests. Sensitivity and Specificity. Tissue Array Analysis. United States

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(PMID = 20661013.001).

[ISSN] 1532-0979

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK081417; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK081417-01; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK081417-02

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 3.5.3.1 / Arginase

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS316258; NLM/ PMC3160135

   

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In each of the cytological specimens, we could find both malignant and benign cytological features; the former were characterized by hypercellularity, highly discohesive clusters, numerous isolated cells, and severe overcrowding cells, while the latter were marked by small and bland nuclei, a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and inconspicuous nucleoli.

Neither abnormal naked nuclei of tumor cell origin nor oval naked nuclei of myoepithelial cell origin were seen.

We also reviewed the cytological findings of SPC as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas with intraductal components that had been reported and we concluded that the coexistence of malignant and benign features was the most characteristic cytological feature of SPC.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Breast Diseases / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 17580353.001).

[ISSN] 8755-1039

[Journal-full-title] Diagnostic cytopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Diagn. Cytopathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Sebaceous differentiation has been described in only limited examples of benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the breast.

We report a rare case of mammary sebaceous carcinoma to further delineate its morphologic features.

Microscopically, the tumor, arising in the right mammary gland of a 63-year-old woman, was composed of well-defined solid sheets or lobules of atypical epithelial cells including many large pale or clear cells with often scalloped nuclei and coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm, in which abundant lipid droplets were identified with oil-red-O staining.

Besides, a subset of the tumor cells co-expressed synaptophysin, neurofilament, and PGP9.5, suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation that is a hitherto undescribed phenomenon in the mammary tumors with sebaceous features.

This case would expand the morphologic diversity of carcinoma of the breast.

[MeSH-minor] Azo Compounds. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Coloring Agents. Female. Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect. Humans. Keratins / analysis. Mammography. Mastectomy, Modified Radical. Middle Aged. Mucin-1 / analysis. Receptors, Estrogen / analysis. Receptors, Progesterone / analysis

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(PMID = 16944238.001).

[ISSN] 0945-6317

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Azo Compounds; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Coloring Agents; 0 / Mucin-1; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Receptors, Progesterone; 68238-35-7 / Keratins; G7S71FND9B / oil red O

   

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[Title] Site-specific biology and pathology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are composed of cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype.

Well-differentiated tumors, well-differentiated carcinomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas, functioning tumors (with a hormonal syndrome), and nonfunctioning tumors are identified.

To predict their clinical behavior, these neuroendocrine tumors are classified on the basis of their clinicopathological features, including size, local invasion, angioinvasion, proliferative activity, histological differentiation, and metastases, into neoplasms with benign, uncertain, low-grade malignant and high-grade malignant behavior.

In addition, a tumor/nodes/metastases classification and a grading system are presented.

[MeSH-major] Digestive System Neoplasms / classification. Digestive System Neoplasms / pathology. Neuroendocrine Tumors / classification. Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology

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(PMID = 17684761.001).

[ISSN] 0945-6317

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 176

   

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[Title] Interleukin-6 regulation of prostate cancer cell growth.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in regulation of immune reaction and cell growth and differentiation.

It causes multifunctional responses ranging from inhibition of proliferation to promotion of cell survival.

IL-6 is expressed in benign and malignant prostate tissue and the levels of the cytokine and its receptor increase during prostate carcinogenesis.

The only exemption seems to be the LNCaP cell line, in which IL-6 causes growth arrest and induces differentiation function.

Activation of signaling pathways of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase has been reported in various prostate cancer cell lines.

IL-6 is also involved in regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression as well as neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Line, Tumor. Humans. Male. Receptors, Androgen / metabolism

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[Copyright] (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 15838876.001).

[ISSN] 0730-2312

[Journal-full-title] Journal of cellular biochemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Cell. Biochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Interleukin-6; 0 / Receptors, Androgen

[Number-of-references] 82

   

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OBJECTIVE: Patients frequently present with suspected pancreatic neoplasm based on a focal pancreatic lesion on computed tomographic (CT) scan/magnetic resonance image (MRI) but without obstructive jaundice.

The final diagnosis included adenocarcinoma (n=89), neuroendocrine tumor (n=14), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (n=1), solid pseudopapillary tumor (n=2), metastases (n=4), benign cyst (n=19), pseudocyst (n=9), abscess (n=4), chronic pancreatitis (n=32), and normal pancreas (n=39).

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA had an accuracy of 97.6% for diagnosing malignant neoplasm, with 96.6% sensitivity, 99.0% specificity, 96.2% negative predictive value, and 99.1% positive predictive value.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Fine-Needle / methods. Endosonography / methods. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Pancreatic Neoplasms / ultrasonography

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Databases, Factual. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Jaundice, Obstructive / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Predictive Value of Tests. Retrospective Studies. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 19506529.001).

[ISSN] 1536-4828

[Journal-full-title] Pancreas

[ISO-abbreviation] Pancreas

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Neuroendocrine tumours of the appendix].

According to WHO, neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix (appendiceal carcinoids) are defined as 1. well-differentiated endocrine tumors with benign or uncertain behavior, 2. well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma and 3. goblet cell carcinoma.

These tumors are usually diagnosed incidentally during appendectomy.

Tumor size greater than 2 cm is the most important parameter for prognosis.

Most patients are cured by appendectomy (appendiceal tumors < or = 2 cm), tumors with a diameter > 2 cm should be managed by right hemicolectomy.

[MeSH-major] Appendiceal Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine Tumors

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(PMID = 20017436.001).

[ISSN] 0042-773X

[Journal-full-title] Vnitr̆ní lékar̆ství

[ISO-abbreviation] Vnitr Lek

[Language] cze

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Czech Republic

[Number-of-references] 26

   

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[Title] Mixed Müllerian Tumors of the Female Genital Tract.

Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) and müllerian/mesodermal adenosarcoma are 2 of the most common mixed müllerian tumors of the female genital tract.

MMMT is a biphasic neoplasm, composed of morphologically malignant epithelial and stromal components.

MMMT should be distinguished from endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindle cell elements, "dedifferentiated" endometrioid carcinoma, and combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Adenosarcoma is also biphasic; it is composed of morphologically benign or low-grade appearing epithelial components and malignant stromal components.

The differential diagnosis of adenosarcoma includes MMMT, endometrial stromal tumor containing endometrioid glands, benign endometrial or endocervical polyp, adenofibroma, adenomyoma, including atypical polypoid adenomyoma, botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides), and endometriosis, including polypoid endometriosis.

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 26838776.001).

[ISSN] 1875-9181

[Journal-full-title] Surgical pathology clinics

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Pathol Clin

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Adenofibroma / Atypical polypoid adenomyoma / Carcinosarcoma / Female genital tract / Low-grade müllerian/mesodermal adenosarcoma / Malignant mixed mesodermal / Malignant mixed müllerian tumor / Polypoid endometriosis

   

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[Title] Unusual histological findings after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy including benign multicystic mesothelioma, adenomyoma of the ampulla of Vater, and undifferentiated carcinoma, sarcomatoid variant: a case series.

Pathology revealed a benign multicystic mesothelioma.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic examination and a computed tomography scan showed a stenosis of the distal bile duct secondary to a mass in the head of the pancreas and duodenum.

CONCLUSION: Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy is usually performed for ductal adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors or chronic pancreatitis.

Benign multicystic mesothelioma is a very rare tumor that originates from the peritoneum.

Although it demonstrates a benign clinical behaviour, it frequently recurs after resection.

Adenomyoma of the bile duct or ampullary region is a very unusual, benign, localized lesion characterized by adenomyomatous hyperplasia.

Undifferentiated carcinoma, sarcomatoid variant, is an aggressive tumor and is characterized by spindle cells.

The histologic diagnosis after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy may differ from the preoperative and intraoperative findings.

These cases demonstrate that a definitive diagnosis may only be obtained by a pathologic examination of the surgical specimen.

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(PMID = 21143956.001).

[ISSN] 1752-1947

[Journal-full-title] Journal of medical case reports

[ISO-abbreviation] J Med Case Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3016302

   

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[Title] Endocrine tumors of the pancreas.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are rare neoplasms of the heterogeneous group of neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors that originate from totipotential stem cells or preexisting endocrine cells within the pancreas.

Most neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are benign or show an indolent course of disease.A subset of them shows a very aggressive behavior, becomes highly malignant, and metastasizes early with life-limiting consequences.

An effective disease-management includes the diagnostic approach with hormonal testing and localization and surgical treatment with histologic classification in combination with biotherapy, chemotherapy, or therapy with radionucleotides, de-pending on the individual behavior of the tumor.

[MeSH-major] Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology. Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor. Diagnostic Imaging. Drug Therapy. Humans

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(PMID = 16632104.001).

[ISSN] 0889-8529

[Journal-full-title] Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Number-of-references] 51

   

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Insulinomas are rare, mostly benign neuroendocrine tumors, originating in 99% of cases from the pancreas, that synthesize and secrete insulin, causing symptomatic hypoglycemia.

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(PMID = 17922161.001).

[ISSN] 1432-086X

[Journal-full-title] Cardiovascular and interventional radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Acrylic Resins; 0 / trisacryl gelatin microspheres; 9000-70-8 / Gelatin

   

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Of those with cancer, 78% (69 of 89) had metastatic colorectal cancer, 6% (5 of 89) had metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, 4% (4 of 89) had hepatocellular carcinoma, 4% (4 of 89) had cholangiocarcinoma, and the remaining 8% were other metastatic cancers.

Twelve patients (12%) underwent resection for hepatic adenoma or symptomatic benign disease (FNH or hemangioma).

All patients with malignant disease had tumor-free margins at the completion of the procedure.

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(PMID = 17701266.001).

[ISSN] 1091-255X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Gastrointest. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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BACKGROUND: Cystic pancreatic neoplasms (CPNs) present a unique challenge in preoperative diagnosis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cases series includes 70 patients who underwent surgery at a university hospital for presumed CPNs between 1997 and 2003, and for whom a definitive diagnosis was established.

RESULTS: The final histopathologic diagnoses were mucinous cystic neoplasm (n=13), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (10), serous cystadenoma (11), IPMN (14), simple cyst (3), cystic neuroendocrine tumor (5), pseudocyst (4), and other (10).

Overall, 25 of 70 were malignant (37%), 21 premalignant (30%), and 24 benign (34%).

The attending surgeon's preoperative diagnosis was correct in 31% of cases, incorrect in 29%, non-specific "cystic tumor" in 27%, and "pseudocyst vs. neoplasm" in 11%.

In review of the CT and MRI, a multivariate analysis of the morphologic features did not identify predictors of specific pathologic diagnoses.

Both radiologists were accurate with their preferred (no. 1) diagnosis in <50% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of CPN remains challenging.

Cross-sectional imaging methods do not reliably give an accurate preoperative diagnosis.

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(PMID = 18695762.001).

[ISSN] 1365-182X

[Journal-full-title] HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association

[ISO-abbreviation] HPB (Oxford)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2504857

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Computed tomography (CT) / cystadenocarcinoma / cystadenoma / cystic / magnetic resonance (MR) / mucinous / neoplasm / pancreas / serous

   

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[Title] Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine expression in lymph node-positive prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of chromogranin A, a marker for neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation, in patients with lymph node-positive prostate cancer to determine its prognostic significance.

Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A was evaluated in areas of benign epithelium, primary prostate cancer, and lymph node metastasis.

RESULTS: Staining was positive in 86% of benign areas, 61% of primary cancer specimens, and 12% of lymph node deposits.

The preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level and pathologic stage and grade of the primary tumor did not show any statistically significant correlation with NE staining in any of the areas.

Only NE expression in the primary tumor was associated with clinical recurrence, with a 10-year recurrence-free survival rate for those with less than 5% staining of 67% compared with 35% for those with 5% staining or greater (P = 0.03).

Furthermore, after adjusting for age, greater NE expression in the primary tumor (relative risk 2.15, P = 0.02) and lymph node deposit (relative risk 2.03, P = 0.03) was associated with poorer overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS: NE expression in the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis of patients with node-positive prostate cancer may provide additional prognostic stratification.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / metabolism. Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Biomarkers, Tumor / biosynthesis. Chromogranins / biosynthesis. Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism. Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology

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NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program .

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(PMID = 16697447.001).

[ISSN] 1527-9995

[Journal-full-title] Urology

[ISO-abbreviation] Urology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Chromogranin A; 0 / Chromogranins

   

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[Title] Contemporary management of jugular paragangliomas (glomus tumours): microsurgery and radiosurgery.

[MeSH-major] Glomus Jugulare Tumor / surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery

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[CommentOn] Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009 May;151(5):423-6 [19296050.001]

(PMID = 19296051.001).

[ISSN] 0942-0940

[Journal-full-title] Acta neurochirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neurochir (Wien)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comment; Editorial

[Publication-country] Austria

   

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[Title] Subcentimeter large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.

To our knowledge, no report exists of a subcentimeter size large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung.

The final diagnosis was stage IA-LCNEC.

The estimated volume doubling time of the tumor was 30.1 days.

These aggressive tumors may rarely have doubling times that overlap with benign processes.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Large Cell / radiography. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / radiography. Lung Neoplasms / radiography. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Neoplasm Staging. Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

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(PMID = 16282907.001).

[ISSN] 0883-5993

[Journal-full-title] Journal of thoracic imaging

[ISO-abbreviation] J Thorac Imaging

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States