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BACKGROUND: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), which frequently accompanies choledochal dilation, is a high risk factor for biliary tract (gallbladder, bile duct) carcinoma because of the continuous reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract.

The aim of this study was to clarify the preferable operative age in PBM patients for the prevention of biliary tract carcinogenesis, with reference to the dilation types of bile ducts.

METHODS: There were 165 PBM patients in total studied, including 92 pediatric patients (< or =15 y) (cystic, 63; spindle-like, 29; nondilation, 0) and 73 adult patients (>15 y) (cystic, 45; spindle-like, 18; nondilation, 10) who underwent operative excision of extrahepatic bile ducts or cholecystectomy.

In the adult group, bile duct carcinomas could be detected in 6 cases of a cystic type (6 of 45; 13.3%) (3 preoperative, 3 postoperative).

Among the bile duct carcinoma cases, the youngest patient was a 21-year-old woman who had undergone excision of an extrahepatic bile duct 3 years previously.

[MeSH-major] Age Factors. Bile Ducts / abnormalities. Biliary Tract Neoplasms / prevention & control. Common Bile Duct. Common Bile Duct Diseases / complications. Pancreatic Ducts / abnormalities

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(PMID = 16364715.001).

[ISSN] 0039-6060

[Journal-full-title] Surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Cancer of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic. Gallbladder Neoplasms

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Combined Modality Therapy. Diagnostic Imaging. Humans. Neoplasm Staging. Palliative Care. Prognosis. Radiotherapy / methods. Risk Factors

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(PMID = 17693325.001).

[ISSN] 0011-3840

[Journal-full-title] Current problems in surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Probl Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

[Number-of-references] 292

   

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[Title] Congenital anomalies and variations of the bile and pancreatic ducts: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings, epidemiology and clinical significance.

PURPOSE: The objective of this paper is to document the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings and the epidemiology of congenital anomalies and variations of the bile and pancreatic ducts and to discuss their clinical significance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-hundred and fifty patients of both sexes (150 females, 200 males, age range 0-76 years, average age 38 years) underwent MRCP for clinically suspected lithiasic, neoplastic or inflammatory disease of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

RESULTS: MRCP demonstrated recurrent and therefore normal bile and pancreatic ducts in 57% of patients.

Variants of the intrahepatic bile duct were seen in 21% of cases: crossover anomaly (6.7%), anterior branch of the right hepatic duct draining the IV and VII segments that flow together with the left bile duct (3.1%) and anterior and posterior branches of the right hepatic duct that flow together with the common hepatic duct (3.3%).

Variants of the extrahepatic bile ducts were present in 8.8% of patients: low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct (4.5%), emptying of the cystic duct into the right hepatic duct (2.7%) and a second-order large branch draining into the cystic duct (1.6%).

Finally, congenital anomalies were diagnosed in 1.3% of cases: bile duct cysts (0.3%), atresia of the bile ducts (0.3%) and multiple biliary hamartomatosis (0.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: The congenital anomalies and anatomical variants of the bile and pancreatic ducts present a complex spectrum of frequent alterations, which are worthy of attention in both the clinical and surgical settings and are readily identified by MRCP.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts / abnormalities. Bile Ducts / anatomy & histology. Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance. Pancreatic Ducts / abnormalities. Pancreatic Ducts / anatomy & histology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / abnormalities. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / anatomy & histology. Child. Child, Preschool. Cystic Duct / abnormalities. Cystic Duct / anatomy & histology. Data Interpretation, Statistical. Female. Fourier Analysis. Gadolinium DTPA. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Male. Middle Aged. Prospective Studies

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(PMID = 18592141.001).

[ISSN] 0033-8362

[Journal-full-title] La Radiologia medica

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiol Med

[Language] eng; ita

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] K2I13DR72L / Gadolinium DTPA

   

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[Transliterated title] Prise en charge thérapeutique des cancers des voies biliaires et de la vésicule biliaire.

Biliary tract carcinomas comprise gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, which arise from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.

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(PMID = 19462864.001).

[ISSN] 0035-2640

[Journal-full-title] La Revue du praticien

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Prat

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

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Cancers of the biliary tract arise from the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater.

A total of 627 biliary tract cancers (368 gallbladder, 191 bile duct, 68 ampulla of Vater), 1,037 biliary stone cases (774 gallbladder, 263 bile duct) and 959 healthy subjects randomly selected from the population were included in this study.

A family history of gallstones was associated with increased risks of biliary stones [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1-3.8], gallbladder cancer (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4-3.3) and bile duct cancer (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9-2.5), after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol drinking and body mass index.

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(PMID = 17450525.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7136

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / ZIA CP010158-09

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS189658; NLM/ PMC2885776

   

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It results from inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.

It is the most frequent surgically correctable liver disorder in infancy and the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in paediatric age.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / immunology. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / immunology. Biliary Atresia / diagnosis. Biliary Atresia / immunology

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(PMID = 19533128.001).

[ISSN] 1863-2300

[Journal-full-title] Seminars in immunopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Semin Immunopathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 125

   

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[Title] [Injuries of the extrahepatic bile ducts in laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

In laparoscopic technique, the incidence and the severity of injuries of the extrahepatic bile ducts are significantly higher (0-2,7%) than in open surgery (0,2-0,5%).

In complete transections of the common bile duct, a hepatico-jejuno-anastomosis using a Roux en Y-loop appears to be the best solution.

It is emphasized the fact that an accurate diagnosis and surgical technique are essential for a favourable evolution.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / injuries. Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / adverse effects

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(PMID = 17059149.001).

[ISSN] 1221-9118

[Journal-full-title] Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)

[ISO-abbreviation] Chirurgia (Bucur)

[Language] rum

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] Romania

   

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We conducted a population-based study of 627 patients with biliary tract cancers (368 of gallbladder, 191 bile duct, and 68 ampulla of Vater), 1037 with biliary stones, and 959 healthy controls randomly selected from the Shanghai population, all personally interviewed.

Gallstones removed from cancer cases and gallstone patients were classified by size, weight, colour, pattern, and content of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids.

Compared with subjects without gallstones, odds ratios associated with gallstones were 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.0-33.4), 8.0 (95% CI 5.6-11.4), and 4.2 (95% CI 2.5-7.0) for cancers of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater, respectively, persisting when restricted to those with gallstones at least 10 years prior to cancer.

Subjects with bile duct cancer were more likely to have pigment stones, and with gallbladder cancer to have cholesterol stones (P<0.001).

We estimate that in Shanghai 80% (95% CI 75-84%), 59% (56-61%), and 41% (29-59%) of gallbladder, bile duct, and ampulla of Vater cancers, respectively, could be attributed to gallstones.

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(PMID = 18000509.001).

[ISSN] 0007-0920

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Bile Acids and Salts; 97C5T2UQ7J / Cholesterol; RFM9X3LJ49 / Bilirubin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2360257

   

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[Title] Loss of interleukin-12 modifies the pro-inflammatory response but does not prevent duct obstruction in experimental biliary atresia.

While the expression of IFNgamma regulates the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts by lymphocytes, the role of IL-12 in the pathogenesis of biliary obstruction is unknown.

Based on the role of IL-12 as a key proinflammatory cytokine, we hypothesized that loss of IL-12 prevents the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts.

IL-12KO mice had a remarkable neutrophil-rich portal inflammation and epithelial sloughing of extrahepatic bile ducts.

CONCLUSION: Loss of IL-12 did not modify the progression of bile duct obstruction in experimental biliary atresia.

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(PMID = 16623951.001).

[ISSN] 1471-230X

[Journal-full-title] BMC gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Gastroenterol

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK064008; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK064403; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK-064403; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK-64008

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cytokines; 0 / RNA primers; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; 187348-17-0 / Interleukin-12; 63231-63-0 / RNA

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1479354

   

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease of uncertain etiology characterized by the destruction of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts through inflammation and fibrosis.

[MeSH-major] Cholangitis, Sclerosing / diagnosis. Cholangitis, Sclerosing / surgery. Endoscopy, Digestive System / methods

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(PMID = 19099036.001).

[ISSN] 1934-1997

[Journal-full-title] Medscape journal of medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Medscape J Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 76

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2605132

   

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[Title] Real-time intraoperative assessment of the extrahepatic bile ducts in rats and pigs using invisible near-infrared fluorescent light.

BACKGROUND: Currently, only x-ray fluoroscopy is available for visualization of the extrahepatic bile ducts intraoperatively.

We hypothesized that with an appropriate fluorophore and imaging system, invisible near-infrared (NIR) light could be used for image-guided procedures on the extrahepatic bile ducts.

METHODS: We quantified the performance of three 800 nm NIR fluorophores, differing primarily in their degree of hydrophilicity, for real-time imaging of the extrahepatic bile ducts in rats and pigs: IR-786, indocyanine green (ICG), and the carboxylic form of IRDyetrade mark 800CW (CW800-CA).

The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the common bile duct relative to liver and pancreas was measured as a function of the dose of contrast agent, injection site, and kinetics using an intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging system described previously.

Bile samples were examined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) to determine the chemical form of fluorophores in bile.

RESULTS: Non-sulfonated (IR-786) and di-sulfonated (ICG) NIR fluorophores had poor efficiency and kinetics of excretion into bile.

Tetra-sulfonated CW800-CA, however, provided sensitive, specific, and real-time visualization of the extrahepatic bile ducts after a single low-dose given either intraportally or intravenously via systemic vein.

A SBR >/=2 provided sensitive assessment of extrahepatic bile duct anatomy and function for over 30 min post-injection, including the detection of millimeter-sized, radiolucent inclusions in pigs.

CW800-CA remained intact chemically after secretion into bile.

CONCLUSION: The combination of invisible NIR light and an IV injection of CW800-CA provides prolonged, real-time visualization of the extrahepatic bile duct, without ionizing radiation and without changing the look of the operative field.

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(PMID = 18571583.001).

[ISSN] 1532-7361

[Journal-full-title] Surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgery

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA115296-03; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / R01 EB005805; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA115296-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA115296-03; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA115296; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA115296-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01-CA-115296; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / EB005805-03; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / R01 EB005805-03; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / EB005805-02; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / R01-EB-005805; United States / NIBIB NIH HHS / EB / R01 EB005805-02

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Coloring Agents; 0 / IRDye800; 0 / Indoles; IX6J1063HV / Indocyanine Green

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS56395; NLM/ PMC2453786

   

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The term "biliary tract" includes the gallbladder and intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts.

In this article, based on their own experience was described the features and significance of laboratory and instrumental methods in the diagnosis of biliary tract disease in children.

It was shown that the diagnostic significance of intrascope research methods in the identification of bile-excreting system diseases in children.

[MeSH-major] Biliary Tract Diseases / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Algorithms. Child. Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed. Ultrasonography

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(PMID = 20408261.001).

[ISSN] 1682-8658

[Journal-full-title] Ėksperimental'nai︠a︡ i klinicheskai︠a︡ gastroėnterologii︠a︡ = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eksp Klin Gastroenterol

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

   

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[Title] Carcinomas of the pancreas, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of vater share a field for carcinogenesis: a population-based study.

CONTEXT: Carcinomas co-occur in the pancreas, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a field effect for carcinogenesis exists in the ampulla of Vater, extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Cases were compared by age frequency density plots, age-specific incidence rates, and logarithmic plots of the age-specific incidence rates and age of diagnosis.

RESULTS: Incidence rates were 11.71, 1.43, 0.88, and 0.49 per 100,000 persons at risk for pancreatic, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampullary carcinomas, respectively.

Logarithmic plots of the age-specific incidence rates with age of diagnosis produced parallel linear rate patterns for the 4 sites indicative of similar populations for tumor development.

However, density and logarithmic plots of pancreatic endocrine carcinomas, a tumor of different cellular differentiation and carcinogenic pathway, served as a comparison.

CONCLUSIONS: Carcinomas of the pancreas, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla have a common embryonic cellular ancestry, differentiation pathways, mucosal histologic patterns, and population-related tumor development indicating a field effect in carcinogenesis.

Pancreatic cancers are most common because the surface area of the pancreas' ductal system is greater than that of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology. Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology. Gallbladder Neoplasms / pathology. Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Ampulla of Vater / pathology. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / pathology. Humans. Incidence. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary. Population Surveillance. United States / epidemiology

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[CommentIn] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009 Jun;133(6):850 [19492873.001]

(PMID = 19123739.001).

[ISSN] 1543-2165

[Journal-full-title] Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Measurement of parenchymal function and bile duct flow in primary sclerosing cholangitis using dynamic 99mTc-HIDA SPECT.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic disease characterized by obliterative fibrosis of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts.

METHODS: In 18 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, segmental parenchymal and bile duct functions were measured using dynamic (99m)Tc-HIDA SPECT.

RESULTS: In individual segments, scintigraphic quantitative parameters indicative of bile flow showed a statistically significant correlation with the state of the bile-flow path for the respective segments as assessed by the biliary classification system.

The revised Mayo score correlated with the scintigraphic quantitative parameters indicative of parenchymal function and bile flow as calculated for the whole liver.

[MeSH-major] Bile / radionuclide imaging. Bile Ducts / radionuclide imaging. Cholangitis, Sclerosing / radionuclide imaging. Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods. Liver / radionuclide imaging. Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin. Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / methods

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(PMID = 16677152.001).

[ISSN] 0815-9319

[Journal-full-title] Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 6433TZJ6TQ / Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin

   

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Ultrasonography (US) diagnosed/suggested CC in all 41 patients, however, contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) scan (n=12), radionuclide DISIDA scan (n=5) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram (MRCP) (n=3) also contributed to the diagnosis.

19 patients, including 4 from the 'infantile' group, had significant dilatation of intrahepatic biliary ducts.

RESULTS: Nine patients from the 'infantile' group had cystic type I CC (type Ic), while 2 patients had fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct (type If disease).

Unusual operative findings included accessory hepatic ducts (n=2), anteriorly placed common or right hepatic arteries (n=3) and partially or completely blocked proximal extrahepatic bile ducts (n=3).

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(PMID = 17978454.001).

[ISSN] 0973-7693

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of pediatrics

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Pediatr

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

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BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury is one of the serious surgical complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Clear biliary tract imaging to detect the anomaly of the bile ducts before operation is thought to be useful to prevent this complication.

We evaluated the recognition of the junction of the cystic duct and detection of anomalies of the extrahepatic bile ducts using the latter two methods.

RESULTS: In 33 patients, DIC-CT showed the junction of the cystic duct in 31 (94%) and MRC in 25 (76%) patients, respectively.

Anomalies of the extrahepatic bile ducts or the cystic duct were detected in four (12%) patients by DIC-CT, but MRC could show only one of these lesions.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts / pathology. Cholangiography / methods. Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic. Gallbladder Diseases / radiography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 16916385.001).

[ISSN] 1445-1433

[Journal-full-title] ANZ journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] ANZ J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

   

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[Title] Small-cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct: a case report and review of the literature.

A small-cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a 69-year-old woman is herein reported.

A tumor measuring approximately 3 cm in diameter was located at the confluence of the common bile duct, cystic duct, and common hepatic duct.

Histopathologically, the tumor was small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma without any gland formation or differentiation to squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor cells were immunoreactive for epithelial markers such as epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin and for the neuroendocrine markers such as neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin.

According to the review of 16 previously reported cases and our case of small-cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts, there is no significant difference in the clinicopathological findings, namely, age, sex, site of carcinoma, and prognosis between the cases with or without squamous or glandular components.

No CD34-positive multipotent adult progenitor cells, which might be the origin of the small-cell carcinoma, were detected in the bile duct epithelium in our case.

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[Cites] Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Mar-Apr;52(62):363-7 [15816436.001]

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(PMID = 19669289.001).

[ISSN] 1936-0533

[Journal-full-title] Hepatology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Hepatol Int

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2716877

   

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[Title] Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary: a report of 16 cases of an underemphasized form of secondary tumor in the ovary that may mimic primary neoplasia.

Although an origin in the gallbladder or extrahepatic bile ducts is acknowledged for some cases little information exists on tumors originating within the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Foci often mimicked mucinous borderline tumors of typical type or with intraepithelial carcinoma and benign-appearing mucinous epithelium was seen in 62% of tumors.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma should be included in the list of origins of possible ovarian metastatic tumors that mimic primary ovarian mucinous neoplasia, particularly in parts of the world where cholangiocarcinoma of the liver is relatively common.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology. Cholangiocarcinoma / secondary. Ovarian Neoplasms / secondary

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 18043033.001).

[ISSN] 0147-5185

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Neonatal NK cells target the mouse duct epithelium via Nkg2d and drive tissue-specific injury in experimental biliary atresia.

Although the etiology is unknown, a neonatal adaptive immune signature has been mechanistically linked to obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Analysis of livers of infants at diagnosis revealed that NK cells populate the vicinity of intrahepatic bile ducts and overexpress several genes involved in cytotoxicity.

Using a model of rotavirus-induced biliary atresia in newborn mice, we found that activated NK cells also populated murine livers and were the most abundant cells in extrahepatic bile ducts at the time of obstruction.

Depletion of NK cells and blockade of Nkg2d each prevented injury of the duct epithelium after rotavirus infection, maintained continuity of duct lumen between the liver and duodenum, and enabled bile flow, despite the presence of virus in the tissue and the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines.

These findings identify NK cells as key initiators of cholangiocyte injury via Nkg2d and demonstrate that injury to the duct epithelium drives the phenotype of experimental biliary atresia.

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[CommentIn] Hepatology. 2009 Dec;50(6):2037-40 [19937699.001]

(PMID = 19662681.001).

[ISSN] 1558-8238

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical investigation

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Invest.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30 DK078392; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK064008; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK-064008; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK-078392

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Klrk1 protein, mouse; 0 / NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2719928

   

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These flukes reside in the peripheral small bile ducts of the liver and produce chronic inflammation of the bile duct, bile duct dilatation, mechanical obstruction, and bile duct wall thickening.

On imaging, peripheral small intrahepatic bile ducts are dilated, but the large bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts are not dilated or slightly dilated.

Chronic infection may result in cholangiocarcinoma of the liver parenchyma or along the bile ducts.

Human infection of Fasciola hepatica, a cattle flukes, may occur inadvertently, and the flukes migrate in the liver (hepatic phase) and reside the bile ducts (biliary phase).

In the biliary phase, the flukes are demonstrated in the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and the gallbladder as small intraluminal flat objects, sometimes moving spontaneously.

Bile ducts are dilated.

[MeSH-major] Biliary Tract / parasitology. Biliary Tract Diseases / diagnosis. Biliary Tract Diseases / parasitology. Clonorchiasis / diagnosis. Fascioliasis / diagnosis. Opisthorchiasis / diagnosis

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(PMID = 17934771.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0509

[Journal-full-title] Abdominal imaging

[ISO-abbreviation] Abdom Imaging

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 35

   

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[Title] Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts: the clinical features and surgical outcome of 25 cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPN-B) is considered an uncommon tumor.

Radiologically, 23 of the 25 (92.0%) showed bile duct dilatation, bile duct dilatation with or without an intraductal mass, and cystic changes of bile ducts.

Twenty three of the 25 patients underwent hepatic resection with or without extrahepatic bile duct resection.

All six patients with benign IPN-B remained alive at a mean of 26.2 postoperative months without recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of IPN-B is usually made in patients with biliary dilatation by radiologic study.

The prognosis of IPN-B, especially of the benign category, is excellent.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / surgery. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / surgery. Carcinoma, Papillary / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / secondary. Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / surgery. Adult. Aged. Cholangiocarcinoma / secondary. Cholangiocarcinoma / surgery. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Prognosis. Survival Rate. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 18314868.001).

[ISSN] 0022-4790

[Journal-full-title] Journal of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Congenital cystic diseases of the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts].

Congenital cystic lesions of bile ducts may affect intra or extrahepatic bile ducts.

Congenital hepatic fibrosis and von Meyenburg complexes are secondary to ductal plate malformation affecting the smallest intrahepatic bile ducts.

Caroli's syndrome is secondary to ductal plate malformation affecting the largest intrahepatic bile ducts.

Congenital cystic lesions of extrahepatic bile ducts consist of choledochal cyst, which is secondary to malformation of the pancreato-biliary ductal junction.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Diseases / congenital. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic. Cysts / congenital. Liver Diseases / congenital

[MeSH-minor] Hamartoma / diagnosis. Hamartoma / etiology. Humans

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(PMID = 16294162.001).

[ISSN] 0399-8320

[Journal-full-title] Gastroentérologie clinique et biologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol.

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 30

   

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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is reached by typical cholangiographic findings and liver biopsy.

The characteristic cholangiographic abnormalities consist of multifocal strictures and dilatations in the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts.

In patients with retraction of the papilla, both of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts were involved; however, only the intrahepatic bile ducts were involved in patients with no retraction of papilla.

Extrahepatic involvement seems to be necessary for the occurrence of this finding.

[MeSH-major] Ampulla of Vater / abnormalities. Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / methods. Cholangitis, Sclerosing / diagnosis. Duodenoscopy / methods. Duodenum / abnormalities

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Diagnosis, Differential. Disease Progression. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 17321263.001).

[ISSN] 0016-5107

[Journal-full-title] Gastrointestinal endoscopy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastrointest. Endosc.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 is an unfavorable postoperative prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinoma of the perihilar, hilar, and extrahepatic bile ducts.

Cholangiocarcinoma of the perihilar, hilar, and extrahepatic bile ducts (collectively referred to as the large bile ducts) is an intractable disease, and a papillary phenotype and well-differentiated histologic grade have been proposed as indicators of a favorable prognosis after surgical resection.

We subjected 66 surgically resected specimens of cholangiocarcinoma of the large bile ducts to clinicopathologic examination, including postoperative survival, papillary phenotype, and immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2,-7, -9, and membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MP).

Expression of MMP-7 in cholangiocarcinoma is an unfavorable postoperative prognostic factor of cholangiocarcinoma arising from the large bile ducts.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / diagnosis. Cholangiocarcinoma / diagnosis. Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / pathology. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / pathology. Female. Humans. Male. Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / biosynthesis. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / biosynthesis. Middle Aged. Postoperative Period. Prognosis

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(PMID = 18329694.001).

[ISSN] 0046-8177

[Journal-full-title] Human pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 3.4.24.23 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; EC 3.4.24.80 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 14

   

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The first tumor discussed is gastric carcinoma of intestinal-type whose ovarian manifestations have been the subject of a recent paper which emphasized its differences from the Krukenberg tumor.

The limited information on spread of tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts is then reviewed before more detailed consideration of hepatic neoplasms, prompted by recent contributions on hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the latter based on significant experience with this problem in Thailand.

The section on appendiceal neoplasms highlights ovarian spread of diverse tumors ranging from typical intestinal-type adenocarcinoma to signet-ring cell carcinomas with various patterns which in the ovary may prompt diagnoses such as a goblet cell (mucinous) carcinoid tumor, but whose ovarian features place them in the category of a Krukenberg tumor.

The diverse problems in differential diagnosis of carcinoid tumor (provoked by nested, acinar, and other patterns, including folliclelike spaces) are then reviewed.

The extremely broad differential diagnosis posed by metastatic malignant melanoma ranging from that of an oxyphilic tumor, to a small cell tumor, to a follicle-forming neoplasm, is then considered.

The sections on renal cell carcinoma and other urinary tract neoplasms emphasize the differential diagnosis of metastatic clear cell carcinoma and primary clear cell carcinoma, an issue usually resolvable by an awareness of the various features of the ovarian variant, rarely or never seen in the renal variant.

The endometrial stromal tumors are problematic largely because the history of a primary tumor may be remote, in the ovaries the typical growth and vascular pattern of endometrial stromal neoplasms is not always conspicuous, and some endometrial stromal sarcomas in the ovary show sex cordlike patterns of growth.

Recent information has indicated that gastrointestinal stromal tumors may rarely have significant ovarian manifestations and if the primary neoplasm is overlooked, the ovarian tumor may be misdiagnosed, usually as an ovarian fibromatous tumor, but potentially as another primary neoplasm.

The final neoplasms considered are malignant mesothelioma and the desmoplastic small round cell tumor.

The microscopic features of malignant mesothelioma are so different from those of primary ovarian carcinoma in most instances that the diagnosis should be readily established on routine microscopic evaluation.

The differential diagnosis of the desmoplastic small round cell tumor is more complex because of the greater overlap with the many other small cell malignant tumors that may involve the ovaries primarily or secondarily.

Nonetheless, differences exist in most cases and awareness of the entity should lead to consideration of the desmoplastic neoplasm, particularly in a young female.

However, as pointed out in brief concluding remarks, despite the aid of that modality, as in surgical pathology overall, careful consideration of the clinical background, distribution of disease, gross characteristics and spectrum of routine microscopic findings, will lead to the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases and at the very least lead to formulation of a considered differential diagnosis such that use of special techniques may be judicious and those results placed in context of the time-honored clinical and pathologic features.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / secondary. Krukenberg Tumor / secondary. Ovarian Neoplasms / secondary

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Female. History, 19th Century. History, 20th Century. Humans

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(PMID = 17452813.001).

[ISSN] 1072-4109

[Journal-full-title] Advances in anatomic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv Anat Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Historical Article; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 67

   

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INTRODUCTION: Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital malformation of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

DISCUSSION: Cystic dilation of the common bile duct, known as choledochal cyst, is related to a rare malformation of this region.

The diagnosis is easily made, especially with the use of ultrasound and computed tomography.

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(PMID = 18265600.001).

[ISSN] 0025-8105

[Journal-full-title] Medicinski pregled

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. Pregl.

[Language] srp

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Serbia

   

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[Title] Alpha-fetoprotein-producing clear cell carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Her abdominal computed tomography scan revealed dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct and a tumorlike lesion protruding into the cystic duct and gallbladder from the junction between the middle portion of the bile duct and the right and left hepatic ducts.

Surgery revealed a tumor extending from the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) to the cystic duct, with no intrahepatic tumor components.

The tumor was histologically diagnosed as an AFP-producing cholangiocarcinoma of the clear cell type, originating from the EHBD.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / metabolism. Bile Duct Neoplasms / metabolism. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / metabolism. Cholangiocarcinoma / metabolism. alpha-Fetoproteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Female. Humans. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16825940.001).

[ISSN] 0192-0790

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / alpha-Fetoproteins

   

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According to the OMS classification of the epithelial benign neoplasm of the liver, the adenomas represent the most important group.

The biliar cistoadenoma (BCA) represents a not frequent neoplasm of the liver that has origin on the inside of the liver, and less frequently from the extrahepatic biliar system.

The real difficulty is represented by differential diagnosis from the other cystic lesions of the liver and by the need of its radical excision and therefore of real hepatectomy.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic. Cystadenoma

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(PMID = 16437897.001).

[ISSN] 2283-5423

[Journal-full-title] I supplementi di Tumori : official journal of Società italiana di cancerologia ... [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Suppl Tumori

[Language] ita

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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OBJECTIVE: In this essay, we present the spectrum of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct abnormalities seen on MRCP in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.

CONCLUSION: MRCP is a promising, noninvasive alternative to more invasive direct cholangiography for evaluating the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.

[MeSH-major] Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance / methods. Cholangitis / diagnosis. Cholangitis / parasitology

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Recurrence

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(PMID = 17590555.001).

[ISSN] 0720-048X

[Journal-full-title] European journal of radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Number-of-references] 12

   

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All these patients underwent endoscopic papillosphincterotomy before LCE for removal of bile hypertension.

Intraoperative injuries of extrahepatic bile ducts occurred at 5 (0.27%), bleeding--at 10 (0.6%) patients.

Postoperative complications were seen at 36 (2.0%) patients including intraabdominal bleeding (4), drainage bile less (8), subhepatic abscess (4), epigastric wound infection (16).

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / injuries. Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / methods. Cholecystitis, Acute / surgery. Jaundice, Obstructive / prevention & control. Postoperative Complications / prevention & control. Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / methods

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(PMID = 18163110.001).

[ISSN] 0023-1207

[Journal-full-title] Khirurgiia

[ISO-abbreviation] Khirurgiia (Mosk)

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

   

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[Title] [Antireflux hepaticojejunostomy in treatment of cancer of the head of pancreas or extrahepatic bile-ducts].

Valve hepaticojejunoanastomosis was performed when hepatic duct length was 12-15 mm; weather hepatic duct was shorter then 12 mm, the valve was performed in efferent jejunal loop.

Preoperative bile ducts decompression allowed decrease risk of hepatic failure and shorten the hospital-stay time after the major operation.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / surgery. Cholangitis / prevention & control. Common Bile Duct. Hepatic Duct, Common / surgery. Jaundice, Obstructive / etiology. Jejunum / surgery. Pancreatic Neoplasms / surgery. Postoperative Complications / prevention & control

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(PMID = 19365376.001).

[ISSN] 0023-1207

[Journal-full-title] Khirurgiia

[ISO-abbreviation] Khirurgiia (Mosk)

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

   

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[Title] Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia: an international interobserver agreement study and proposal for diagnostic criteria.

Cholangiocarcinoma of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts develops through a multistep histopathologic sequence.

Premalignant or non-invasive neoplastic lesions of bile ducts have been historically called biliary dysplasia or atypical biliary epithelium.

In 2005, a conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) were proposed using the livers of patients with hepatolithiasis.

We report herein an international interobserver agreement study on the diagnosis of biliary non-invasive neoplastic lesions with the goal to obtain a consensus on the terminology and grading.

Interobserver agreement on the diagnosis was moderate (kappa-value=0.45).

We now propose a new consensus classification of BilIN that may assist in allowing a more uniform terminology for the diagnosis of biliary non-invasive neoplastic lesions.

[MeSH-major] Biliary Tract Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma in Situ / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / pathology. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / pathology. Cholangitis, Sclerosing / pathology. Choledochal Cyst / pathology. Humans. International Cooperation. Lithiasis / pathology. Liver Diseases / pathology. Terminology as Topic

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(PMID = 17431410.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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OBJECTIVE: Biliary atresia is the result of a fibrosing destructive inflammatory process affecting intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, which lead to cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

The 5-year survival rate after portoenterostomy ranges from 13% to 60%, with approximately 60% of patients requiring liver transplantation at a later stage because of insufficient bile flow.

Liver cirrhosis with extrahepatic biliary atresia alone was present in 5 of 17 patients (29%) as compared with 8 of 12 patients (66%) with intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia in addition to extrahepatic biliary atresia and cirrhosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Portoenterostomy remains the treatment of choice for patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia.

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(PMID = 15964472.001).

[ISSN] 0149-7944

[Journal-full-title] Current surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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METHODS AND RESULTS: Necropsy samples included 15 canine normal liver tissue samples, 10 hepatocellular nodular hyperplasias, 6 hepatocellular adenomas, 15 well-differentiated and 6 poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas, 6 cholangiocellular hyperplasias, 10 cholangiocellular adenomas, 15 well-differentiated and 6 poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinomas, 6 normal extrahepatic bile ducts, 8 normal gall bladder tissue samples, and 5 cystic mucinous hyperplasias of the gall bladder.

In all cholangiocellular hyperplasia samples and in all cholangiocellular adenoma samples the benign cholangiocytes showed intense basolateral membrane positivity for claudin-7.

The epithelial cells of canine normal extrahepatic bile ducts, gall bladder and cystic mucinous hyperplasias of the gall bladder showed intense basolateral membrane positivity for claudin-7.

CONCLUSION: Consequently, we hypothesize that claudin-7 is an excellent immunohistochemical marker of the cholangiocellular differentiation in canines and can be used to detect benign and malignant proliferative lesions of the canine biliary tract.

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(PMID = 20503174.001).

[ISSN] 1699-5848

[Journal-full-title] Histology and histopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Histol. Histopathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Claudins; 0 / Proteins

   

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Although incidental carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts have been reported, to the best of our knowledge this is the first published case of a choledochal cyst associated with an appendix carcinoid.

[MeSH-major] Appendiceal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoid Tumor / diagnosis. Choledochal Cyst / surgery

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(PMID = 15864427.001).

[ISSN] 0941-1291

[Journal-full-title] Surgery today

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg. Today

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

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[Title] The clinical value of serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

AIM: Serum tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA242 were investigated to evaluate the values of single and combined test in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

METHODS: Pre-operative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 were measured in 105 pancreatic cancers, 70 non-pancreatic malignancies and 30 benign pancreatic diseases.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / blood. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. CA-19-9 Antigen / blood. Carcinoembryonic Antigen / blood. Carcinoma, Islet Cell / blood. Carcinoma, Islet Cell / diagnosis. Pancreatic Neoplasms / blood. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Ampulla of Vater / metabolism. Ampulla of Vater / pathology. Bile Duct Neoplasms / blood. Bile Duct Neoplasms / diagnosis. Bile Duct Neoplasms / surgery. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / metabolism. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / pathology. Bilirubin / blood. Cholangiocarcinoma / blood. Cholangiocarcinoma / diagnosis. Cholangiocarcinoma / surgery. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Prognosis. Sensitivity and Specificity. Statistics as Topic. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 15698733.001).

[ISSN] 0748-7983

[Journal-full-title] European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / CA 242 antigen; 0 / CA-19-9 Antigen; 0 / Carcinoembryonic Antigen; RFM9X3LJ49 / Bilirubin

   

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Cholangiocytes (epithelial cells lining the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts) and hepatocytes are two major components of liver epithelia.

Although cholangiocytes are less numerous than hepatocytes, they are involved in both bile secretion and diverse cellular processes such as cell-cycle phenomena, cell signaling, and interactions with other cells, matrix components, foreign organisms, and xenobiotics.

Cholangiocytes are also targets in several human diseases including cholangiocarcinoma, primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune cholangitis, and vanishing bile-duct syndrome.

The following aspects are reviewed: isolation of cholangiocytes from the liver and their heterogeneity, various culture systems, establishment of cholangiocyte cell lines, isolation and usage of intrahepatic bile-duct units, three-dimensional modeling of the bile duct, experimental models for inducing cholangiocyte proliferation, and various cholangiopathies such as cholangiocarcinoma, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune cholangitis.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts / cytology. Bile Ducts / physiopathology

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Bile Duct Diseases / etiology. Disease Models, Animal. Epithelial Cells / metabolism. Epithelial Cells / physiology. Humans. Imaging, Three-Dimensional. Mice. Models, Animal

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(PMID = 18617761.001).

[ISSN] 1738-222X

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of hepatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Hepatol

[Language] kor

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

[Number-of-references] 65

   

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On abdominal x-ray the extrahepatic bile ducts were positive for gas and on ultrasound a gallstone in the duodenum was suspected whereas the gallbladder was not detectable.

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Cholecystectomy. Female. Humans. Intestinal Fistula / diagnosis. Intestinal Fistula / etiology. Intestinal Fistula / surgery. Lithotripsy. Syndrome

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(PMID = 16010248.001).

[ISSN] 1665-2681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of hepatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Hepatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Mexico

   

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Moreover, poly(I:C) up-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and both poly(I:C) and TRAIL reduced the viability of cultured human BECs by enhancing apoptosis.

Experiments in vivo using tissue sections of extrahepatic bile ducts from patients with BA and controls (choledochal cysts and nonbiliary diseases) showed that the activation of NF-kappaB, interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), and PKR, and the enhancement of TRAIL and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-positive apoptosis were significant in BA, although extrahepatic bile ducts diffusely and constantly expressed TLR3 in all diseases.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts / immunology. Biliary Atresia / virology. Epithelial Cells / immunology. Immunity, Innate / physiology. RNA, Double-Stranded / physiology. Reoviridae / pathogenicity

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(PMID = 17661372.001).

[ISSN] 0270-9139

[Journal-full-title] Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Hepatology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; 0 / MX1 protein, human; 0 / Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / RNA, Double-Stranded; 0 / TLR3 protein, human; 0 / TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; 0 / TNFSF10 protein, human; 0 / Toll-Like Receptor 3; 24939-03-5 / Poly I-C; 77238-31-4 / Interferon-beta; EC 3.6.1.- / DDX58 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.- / GTP-Binding Proteins; EC 3.6.1.- / IFIH1 protein, human; EC 3.6.4.13 / DEAD-box RNA Helicases

   

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OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract and exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds.

METHODS: Altogether 183 men with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract and 1938 matched controls were interviewed between 1995 and 1997 in the frame of an international multicenter case-control study in six European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden).

The elevated risk was restricted to extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla Vateri (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.6).

The adjusted OR for cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was 2.8 (95% CI 1.3-5.9, only index participants).

CONCLUSIONS: The data show some associations between exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds in the workplace and the risk for cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract among men, particularly for the extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater.

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[ErratumIn] Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008 Jun;34(3):234

(PMID = 17973065.001).

[ISSN] 0355-3140

[Journal-full-title] Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health

[ISO-abbreviation] Scand J Work Environ Health

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Finland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hazardous Substances

   

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PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had pathologically proven, locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma arising from the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts or gallbladder with no prior chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / drug therapy. Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / drug therapy. Deoxycytidine / analogs & derivatives. Gallbladder Neoplasms / drug therapy

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[CommentIn] J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct 20;23(30):7753-4; author reply 7754-5 [16234545.001]

(PMID = 15800324.001).

[ISSN] 0732-183X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0W860991D6 / Deoxycytidine; 6804DJ8Z9U / Capecitabine; B76N6SBZ8R / gemcitabine; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

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MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with inextirpable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, gallbladder or extrahepatic bile ducts were included.

Two-year survival was 28%, and estimated local tumour control rate at 2 years was 72%.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

(PMID = 20451275.001).

[ISSN] 1879-0887

[Journal-full-title] Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiother Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CA-19-9 Antigen; 0 / Organoplatinum Compounds; 04ZR38536J / oxaliplatin; 0W860991D6 / Deoxycytidine; 6804DJ8Z9U / Capecitabine; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

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The incidence of cholangiocarcinomas originating from intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, as well as of gallbladder carcinoma is increasing worldwide.

We demonstrated that the tight junction components ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin are downregulated in carcinomas arising from various compartments of the biliary tract (normal intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder) as compared with their normal sites of origin.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / metabolism. Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / metabolism. Cadherins / biosynthesis. Cholangiocarcinoma / metabolism. Membrane Proteins / biosynthesis. Phosphoproteins / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Occludin. Tissue Array Analysis. Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

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(PMID = 19184677.001).

[ISSN] 1532-2807

[Journal-full-title] Pathology oncology research : POR

[ISO-abbreviation] Pathol. Oncol. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Cadherins; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / OCLN protein, human; 0 / Occludin; 0 / Phosphoproteins; 0 / TJP1 protein, human; 0 / Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

   

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Biliary tract cancers, encompassing tumors of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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(PMID = 16395699.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7136

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / ZIA CP010158-09

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tea

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS189657; NLM/ PMC2885773

   

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Perinatal obliteration of extrahepatic bile ducts requires immediate surgery, whereas other causes of persisting jaundice may be treated medically and/or conservatively.

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(PMID = 16219213.001).

[ISSN] 1603-6824

[Journal-full-title] Ugeskrift for laeger

[ISO-abbreviation] Ugeskr. Laeg.

[Language] dan

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid

   

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[Title] Reconsideration of the histologic definitions used in the pathologic staging of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

The histologic boundaries of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EBDs) are not well defined, despite the fact that pathologic staging of carcinomas arising in these structures requires the determination of extent of tumor invasion in this area.

Perhaps in part, because the smooth muscle band in the EBD wall is not well formed throughout the length of these structures, a previous definition of the outer portion of the bile duct wall included "loose, richly vascularized connective tissue, interlaced with large nerve fibers."

Because of these histologic features, we propose that the bile duct wall is more precisely defined as occurring between the mucosa and the outermost boundary of dense fibromuscular tissue, without consideration of the presence or absence of blood vessels and nerve fibers.

[MeSH-major] Bile Duct Neoplasms / pathology. Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging

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(PMID = 16723853.001).

[ISSN] 0147-5185

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct in association with choledocholithiasis as depicted by MDCT.

We report here on an extremely rare case of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts that was associated with choledocholithiasis, and this malady was visualized by employing the minimum intensity projection images with using multi-detector row CT.

The presence of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts with a proximal communication, and the ducts were joined distally and they subsequently formed a single common bile duct, has not been previously reported.

[MeSH-major] Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / abnormalities. Choledocholithiasis / complications

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(PMID = 19039272.001).

[ISSN] 1229-6929

[Journal-full-title] Korean journal of radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2627237

   

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Here, we investigate this question by examining the role of T lymphocytes in the destruction of extrahepatic bile ducts of neonatal mice using an experimental model of biliary atresia.

Among these cells, depletion of CD4(+) cells did not change the course of inflammatory injury and obstruction of neonatal bile ducts.

In contrast, loss of CD8(+) cells remarkably suppressed duct injury, prevented luminal obstruction, and restored bile flow.

In adoptive transfer experiments, we found that primed CD8(+) cells preferentially homed to extrahepatic bile ducts of neonatal mice and invaded their epithelial lining.

CONCLUSIONS: Primed neonatal CD8(+) cells can activate a pro-inflammatory program, target diseased and healthy duct epithelium, and drive the phenotypic expression of biliary atresia, thus constituting a potential therapeutic target to halt disease progression.

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(PMID = 17631148.001).

[ISSN] 0016-5085

[Journal-full-title] Gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastroenterology

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK64008; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK064008-04; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK064403; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK064403; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK064008; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK064008-04

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD3; 0 / Antigens, CD4; 0 / Antigens, CD8; 0 / Epitopes; 82115-62-6 / Interferon-gamma

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS27364; NLM/ PMC2013308