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BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumours that are commonly diagnosed in young women in their 20's and early 30's.

Occurrence of malignancy in the breasts of these women is very rare.

METHOD AND RESULT: We report a case of an infiltrating ductal carcinoma within an otherwise benign fibroadenoma in a 23-year-old woman.

She presented with a lump, approximately 7cm in diameter, in her right breast.

CONCLUSION: Fibroadenomas are commonly diagnosed in patients in their 20's when the risk of developing breast cancer is extremely rare.

Despite this rarity all excised breast lumps should be subjected to histopathological evaluation in order to avoid a diagnostic pitfall.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis. Fibroadenoma / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans

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(PMID = 16083250.001).

[ISSN] 1115-2613

[Journal-full-title] Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria

[ISO-abbreviation] Niger J Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Nigeria

   

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[Title] Expression of nuclear insulin receptor substrate 1 in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a cytoplasmic protein transmitting signals from the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors, has been implicated in breast cancer.

However, the expression of nuclear IRS-1 in breast cancer biopsy specimens has never been examined.

AIMS: To assess whether nuclear IRS-1 is present in breast cancer and non-cancer mammary epithelium, and whether it correlates with other markers, especially ERalpha.

RESULTS: Median nuclear IRS-1 expression was found to be low in normal mammary epithelial cells (1.6%) and high in benign tumours (20.5%), ductal grade 2 carcinoma (11.0%) and lobular carcinoma (approximately 30%).

Median ERalpha expression in normal epithelium, benign tumours, ductal cancer grade 2 and 3, and lobular cancer grade 2 and 3 were 10.5, 20.5, 65.0, 0.0, 80 and 15%, respectively.

Nuclear IRS-1 and ERalpha positively correlated in ductal cancer (p<0.001) and benign tumours (p<0.01), but were not associated in lobular cancer and normal mammary epithelium.

In ductal carcinoma, both nuclear IRS-1 and ERalpha negatively correlated with tumour grade, size, mitotic index and lymph node involvement.

CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between nuclear IRS-1 and ERalpha is a characteristic for ductal breast cancer and marks a more differentiated, non-metastatic phenotype.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Cell Nucleus / metabolism. Phosphoproteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / metabolism. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology. Carcinoma, Lobular / metabolism. Carcinoma, Lobular / pathology. Cytoplasm / metabolism. Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism. Female. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins. Mammary Glands, Human / metabolism. Microscopy, Confocal. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 16882697.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9746

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / IRS1 protein, human; 0 / Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Phosphoproteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1955087

   

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[Title] Identification of suitable endogenous control genes for microRNA gene expression analysis in human breast cancer.

While ECs have been validated for quantification of mRNA expression in various experimental settings, to date there is no report of the validation of miRNA ECs for expression profiling in breast tissue.

In this study, the expression of five miRNA genes (let-7a, miR-10b, miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26b) and three small nucleolar RNA genes (RNU19, RNU48 and Z30) was examined across malignant, benign and normal breast tissues to determine the most appropriate normalisation strategy.

This is the first study to identify reliable ECs for analysis of miRNA by RQ-PCR in human breast tissue.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Gene Expression Profiling / standards. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. MicroRNAs / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Female. Gene Silencing. Genes, Neoplasm. Humans. Polymerase Chain Reaction / standards. RNA, Small Nuclear / genetics. Reference Standards

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(PMID = 18718003.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2199

[Journal-full-title] BMC molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Mol. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MicroRNAs; 0 / RNA, Small Nuclear

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2533012

   

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[Title] Adenomyoepithelioma with phyllodes tumor--a rare combination in a solitary breast lump.

An unusual combination of two benign breast neoplasms adenomyoepithelioma and phyllodes tumor presenting as a solitary breast lump have been described.

Both these tumors have tendencies to recur and have malignant potential.

This patient also presented with a recurrent breast neoplasm.

[MeSH-major] Adenomyoma / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Myoepithelioma / pathology. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology. Phyllodes Tumor / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology

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[ErratumIn] Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006 Jul;49(3):476

(PMID = 16933731.001).

[ISSN] 0377-4929

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Pathol Microbiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

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[Title] The effect of screening programmes on the treatment of benign breast neoplasms: observations from current practice in Italy.

In this study, we compare the incidences of treatments for benign and malignant neoplasms in the two groups.

We linked all incident cases of surgery for benign and malignant breast neoplasms, from the Hospital Information System (1999-2003) to the Mammographic Screening Information System (1999-2001).

We calculated incidence, adjusted for age and standardized breast cancer mortality ratio in each area of residence, for benign and malignant neoplasms surgery in non-yet-contacted and contacted woman.

RESULTS: The target population in Lazio is 681,000; 116,000 women were contacted during the study period and 3252 malignant and 1566 benign neoplasms were surgically treated.

Annual incidence was, respectively, 2.0/1000 and 1.1/1000 for malignant and benign neoplasms in women not contacted, and, respectively, 2.9/1000 and 1.1/1000 in the contacted population.

About one-half of the surgeries for benign neoplasms in compliant women were treated against the recommendation of the screening programme.

CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the screening programme did not increase the incidence of treatment for benign neoplasms, and detected 50% more malignant neoplasms.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology. Mammography. Mass Screening. Patient Compliance / statistics & numerical data

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(PMID = 17007652.001).

[ISSN] 0969-1413

[Journal-full-title] Journal of medical screening

[ISO-abbreviation] J Med Screen

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] NOEY2 mutations in primary breast cancers and breast hyperplasia.

PURPOSE: The NOEY2 gene mutations and protein expression in human breast cancers, adjacent breast tissues and breast benign lesions were analysed to explore the potential correlation between the mutation spectrum and breast cancer development and progression.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The promoter, exon and intron regions of NOEY2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA extracted from 50 human breast cancer and corresponding adjacent breast tissues as well as 50 breast benign lesions, respectively.

RESULTS: Twenty-one of 50 (42%) breast cancer mutations were identified in promoter (11 cases) and exon 2 (seven cases on untranslation region and three on coding region) and 17 of 50 (34%) adjacent breast tissues (all were atypical hyperplasia lesions) occurred mutations, including six promoter mutations and 11 exon 2 changes (10 cases on untranslation region and one on coding region).

Interestingly, the mutations were identified in both breast cancers and the corresponding adjacent breast tissues collected from the same patient in seven of them.

No mutation was identified in all benign breast tissues.

Immunohistochemical analysis showed that two of 17 mutational adjacent breast tissue samples were NOEY2 immunoreaction negative, and in all 21 mutations of breast cancers five cases were of loss of NOEY2 expression.

NOEY2 gene mutations were not correlated with patient ages, histological types, tumour sizes, histological grades, clinical stages, axillary lymph node metastases or with the condition of hormone receptor (ER, PR) expression and HER2 amplification.

CONCLUSIONS: The mutations of human NOEY2 were identified in human breast cancers and the corresponding adjacent breast tissues.

The presence of NOEY2 mutations in human breast cancer and early-stage lesions indicates that NOEY2 mutations may be partly associated with breast tumourigenesis.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. DNA Mutational Analysis / methods. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Hyperplasia / genetics. Hyperplasia / pathology. Immunohistochemistry. Middle Aged. Mutation. Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods

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(PMID = 19482475.001).

[ISSN] 1532-3080

[Journal-full-title] Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DIRAS3 protein, human; EC 3.6.5.2 / rho GTP-Binding Proteins

   

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[Title] Cell cycle related proteins in hyperplasia of usual type in breast specimens of patients with and without breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hyperplasia of usual type (HUT) is a common proliferative lesion associated with a slight elevated risk for subsequent development of breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell cycle related proteins in HUT of breast specimens of patients with and without breast cancer, and compare this expression with areas of invasive carcinomas.

RESULTS: Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using antibodies against cell cycle related proteins ER, PR, p53, p21, p63, and Ki-67 in hyperplasia of usual type (HUT) in specimens of aesthetic reduction mammaplasty (ARM), in specimens of mammaplasty contralateral to breast cancer (MCC), and in specimens of invasive mammary carcinomas (IMC) presenting HUT in the adjacent parenchyma.

We also found cytoplasmic expression of p21 in benign hyperplastic lesions and in neoplastic cells of IMC.

CONCLUSION: Our data failed to demonstrate different expression of cell cycle related proteins in HUT from patients with and without breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Cell Cycle Proteins / physiology. Hyperplasia / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Female. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Membrane Proteins / metabolism. Menopause / physiology. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / metabolism. Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism. Receptors, Progesterone / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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[Cites] J Pathol. 2005 Jan;205(2):248-54 [15641021.001]

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(PMID = 16869981.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2121

[Journal-full-title] BMC cell biology

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cell Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CKAP4 protein, human; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Receptors, Progesterone; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 3.6.5.2 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1563460

   

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[Title] "Benign," metastasizing adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: a report of 2 cases.

Adenomyoepitheliomas of the breast are rare tumors composed of a proliferation of 2 cell populations.

For the most part, they are considered to be benign, but they locally recur.

Those neoplasms that metastasize are deemed to have come from a histologically malignant primary tumor.

Herein, we describe 2 cases of metastases of histologically "benign" adenomyoepitheliomas of the breast to the lung.

In both cases, the primary neoplasms and the metastases did not show histologic features of malignancy.

These unique cases represent another example of neoplasms that can metastasize in the absence of histologic features that would suggest malignant behavior.

Establishing the diagnosis, determining optimal therapy, and predicting outcome are problematic because of the rarity of this entity.

Perhaps, classification of adenomyoepitheliomas should be changed to recognize those neoplasms with malignant behavior.

[MeSH-major] Adenomyoma / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Myoepithelioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Female. Humans. Lung Neoplasms / radiography. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Metastasis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 16948523.001).

[ISSN] 1543-2165

[Journal-full-title] Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an evolving tool for determining breast disease, which benefits from the move to imaging at 3 T.

It has major capabilities for the diagnosis, detection and monitoring of malignancy.

However, there are also a number of limitations, including the overlap in enhancement patterns between malignant and benign disease, the failure to resolve microscopic disease particularly in the neoadjuvant setting, and the inconsistent predictive value of the enhancement pattern for clinical outcome.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / therapy. Contrast Media. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis. Female. Humans. Mass Screening. Neoplasm, Residual / diagnosis

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(PMID = 18654999.001).

[ISSN] 0952-3480

[Journal-full-title] NMR in biomedicine

[ISO-abbreviation] NMR Biomed

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media

[Number-of-references] 71

   

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[Title] Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as a breast lump in a treated breast cancer patient.

Metastatic malignancy in the breast is uncommon.

A 68-year-old woman with a past medical history of breast cancer presented with a lump in the opposite breast.

A mammogram suggested a possible benign lump.

The histology on the breast core biopsy showed it to be a metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Subsequent computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed a renal primary tumour.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / complications. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Renal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Renal Cell / diagnosis. Kidney Neoplasms / complications. Kidney Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Biopsy. Biopsy, Needle / methods. Breast / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. False Negative Reactions. Female. Humans. Mammography / methods. Neoplasm Metastasis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods. Ultrasonography / methods

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(PMID = 19710958.001).

[ISSN] 0037-5675

[Journal-full-title] Singapore medical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Singapore Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Singapore

   

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[Title] Determinants of fatigue 6 and 12 months after surgery in women with early-stage breast cancer: a comparison with women with benign breast problems.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the predictors of fatigue 6 and 12 months after surgical treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer (BC group) and in women with benign breast problems (BBP group) in a prospective follow-up study.

METHODS: Women entered the study prior to diagnosis and completed questionnaires on personality factors, psychological factors, and social support.

Fatigue was assessed 6 and 12 months after diagnosis (BBP group) or surgical treatment (BC group).

CONCLUSION: Many patients who are already fatigued before diagnosis remain tired regardless of diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / epidemiology. Breast Neoplasms. Fatigue / diagnosis. Fatigue / epidemiology. Neoplasm Staging

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Anxiety Disorders / diagnosis. Anxiety Disorders / epidemiology. Anxiety Disorders / psychology. Cognition. Demography. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Personality Disorders / diagnosis. Personality Disorders / epidemiology. Postoperative Period. Predictive Value of Tests. Prospective Studies. Severity of Illness Index. Social Support. Surveys and Questionnaires. Time Factors

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(PMID = 19446708.001).

[ISSN] 1879-1360

[Journal-full-title] Journal of psychosomatic research

[ISO-abbreviation] J Psychosom Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] The role of immunohistochemistry for smooth-muscle actin, p63, CD10 and cytokeratin 14 in the differential diagnosis of papillary lesions of the breast.

The evaluation of myoepithelial cells can be helpful, with benign papilloma showing a continuous myoepithelial cell layer, which becomes attenuated or absent in malignant papillary lesions.

METHODS: A large series of 100 papillomas (28 papillomas with florid epithelial hyperplasia) and 68 papillary carcinomas (9 invasive, 44 in situ, and 15 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) involving papillomas) of the breast were stained for myoepithelial cells by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to smooth-muscle actin (SMA), p63, CD10 and cytokeratin (CK) 14.

CK14 and p63 may be used as an adjunct in assessing difficult papillary lesions of the breast.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Actins / metabolism. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / metabolism. Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Keratin-14 / metabolism. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism. Neprilysin / metabolism. Papilloma / metabolism. Papilloma / pathology. Papilloma, Intraductal / metabolism. Papilloma, Intraductal / pathology. Trans-Activators / metabolism. Transcription Factors. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 16698948.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9746

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Actins; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Keratin-14; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / TP63 protein, human; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 3.4.24.11 / Neprilysin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1860581

   

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[Title] Investigation of chromosome 21 aneuploidies in breast fibroadenomas by fluorescence in situ hybridisation.

Fibroadenoma (FA) is a benign breast tumour that occurs in about 25% of women.

Cytogenetic studies suggest that numerical chromosomal aberrations may contribute to tumorigenesis, but chromosomal instability is still poorly characterised in breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate numerical alterations of chromosome 21 in 15 breast FAs.

Classical cytogenetics analysis showed that all cells were diploidies with modal number varying between 43 and 47 chromosomes, and clonal chromosome alterations in 46.7% of tumours.

The study of benign proliferations and comparison with chromosome alterations in their malignant counterparts should result in an understanding of the genes acting in cell proliferation alone and those that cause these cells to both undergo malignant transformation and become invasive.

[MeSH-major] Aneuploidy. Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / genetics. Fibroadenoma / genetics. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

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(PMID = 17191108.001).

[ISSN] 1591-8890

[Journal-full-title] Clinical and experimental medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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[Title] Quantitative analysis of plasma circulating DNA at diagnosis and during follow-up of breast cancer patients.

The aim of the present project was to quantify the level of plasma DNA in patients with malignant or non-malignant breast diseases and in healthy controls, then investigate whether such measurements have diagnostic or prognostic value.

Plasma DNA from 121 women (61 patients with breast cancer, 33 control patients with benign breast diseases and 27 healthy control individuals) was quantified by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Plasma DNA concentration in the breast cancer patients (median 65 ng/ml) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the control patients (median 22 ng/ml) or healthy control (median 13 ng/ml).

The data suggest that quantification of plasma circulating DNA may be a valuable complementary diagnostic tool in discriminate breast cancer from unaffected individuals and may be proposed as an early detection test as well as a new, noninvasive assay to follow-up patients.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. DNA, Neoplasm / blood

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(PMID = 16412565.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3835

[Journal-full-title] Cancer letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Lett.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Neoplasm

   

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[Title] Extrapancreatic malignancies and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Over the last two decades multiple studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of additional malignancies in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

The majority of these additional cancers occur before or concurrent with the diagnosis of IPMN.

The gastrointestinal tract is most commonly involved in secondary malignancies, with benign colon polyps and colon cancer commonly seen in western countries and gastric cancer commonly seen in Asian countries.

Other extrapancreatic malignancies associated with IPMNs include benign and malignant esophageal neoplasms, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, carcinoid tumors, hepatobiliary cancers, breast cancers, prostate cancers, and lung cancers.

Routine screening studies (breast and prostate) should be carried out as currently recommended for patient's age both before and after the diagnosis of IPMN.

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(PMID = 21160845.001).

[ISSN] 1948-9366

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastrointestinal surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] World J Gastrointest Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2999205

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm / Invasive / Malignant potential / Non-invasive / Secondary malignancy

   

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[Title] Invasive breast cancer: predicting disease recurrence by using high-spatial-resolution signal enhancement ratio imaging.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate high-spatial-resolution signal enhancement ratio (SER) imaging for the prediction of disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

From 1995 to 2002, gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging data were acquired with a three time point high-resolution method in women undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for invasive breast cancers.

RESULTS: Breast tumor volume calculated from the number of voxels with SER values above a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of mean redistribution rate constant in benign tumors (0.88 minutes(-1)) and the volume of cancerous breast tissue infiltrating into the parenchyma were important predictors of disease recurrence.

All three prechemotherapy parameters (total tumor volume, tumor volumes with high and low SER) and the postchemotherapy tumor volume with high SER were significantly different between the two groups.

The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that, of the three prechemotherapy covariates, only the low SER and high SER tumor volumes (P = .017 and .049, respectively) were significant and independent predictors of tumor recurrence.

Tumor volume with high SER was the only significant postchemotherapy covariate predictor (P = .038).

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Image Enhancement / methods. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

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[Copyright] (c) RSNA, 2008.

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(PMID = 18566170.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1315

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA069587; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116182

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Phyllodes tumors of the breast diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.

BACKGROUND: This article compares experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of phyllodes tumors from 2 regional institutions with the relevant literature.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 2005, 2,848 breast cancer patients were treated in our institutions, 36 (1.44%) for phyllodes tumors.

The average tumor size was 5.1 cm (range 1.4-19.6).

Wide excision with tumor-free margins was carried out in 29 (80.5%) cases and mastectomy in 7 (19.4%) cases.

RESULTS: Histology showed the phyllodes tumors to be benign in 27 (75.0%), malignant in 6 (16.6%), and borderline in 3 (8.3%) cases.

In this period, recurrences of 3 (8.3%) malignant and 2 (5.6%) benign phyllodes tumors were diagnosed and treated.

CONCLUSION: Our study shows that tumor size, margin infiltration, mitotic activity and degree of cellular atypia are important prognostic factors.

Although wide local excision is usually the treatment of choice, tumor recurrence is common.

Axillary lymphadenectomy in malignant phyllodes tumors is, in our opinion, still controversial.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Phyllodes Tumor / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Breast / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Lymph Node Excision. Lymph Nodes / pathology. Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology. Mammography. Mastectomy. Mastectomy, Segmental. Middle Aged. Mitotic Index. Necrosis. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Prognosis. Reoperation. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 17341897.001).

[ISSN] 0378-584X

[Journal-full-title] Onkologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Onkologie

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

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[Title] [The roles of soluble MICA in immune escape of breast tumor].

AIM: To determine the expression of soluble MICA (sMICA) in serum of patients with breast tumor, and explore the roles of sMICA in immune escape.

The cytotoxicity of NK cells to breast cancer cells was observed with MTT assay.

RESULTS: sMICA was not detected in the serum of healthy person, but(76.8+/-22.3) ng/L in breast benign tumor patients and (205.4+/-71.3) ng/L in breast malignant tumor patients.

There was positive correlation between sMICA levels and breast cancer stage.

IL-15 up-regulated the expression of NKG2D on NK cells and increased NK cells cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells.

CONCLUSION: sMICA level is positive correlated with breast cancer TNM stage. sMICA reduced the expression of NKG2D, impaired NK-mediated immune surveillance and led to immune escape of breast tumor.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / blood. Breast Neoplasms / immunology. Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / blood

[MeSH-minor] Cells, Cultured. Cytotoxicity, Immunologic. Female. Humans. Killer Cells, Natural / immunology. Neoplasm Staging. Solubility

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(PMID = 18782524.001).

[ISSN] 1007-8738

[Journal-full-title] Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology

[ISO-abbreviation] Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; 0 / MHC class I-related chain A

   

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[Title] Palladin contributes to invasive motility in human breast cancer cells.

In this study, we found that the protein palladin, a molecular scaffold with an important function in actin organization, is expressed at higher overall levels in tumors compared with benign breast tissue, and also expressed significantly higher in four invasive breast cancer cell lines when compared with four non-invasive cell lines.

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(PMID = 18978809.001).

[ISSN] 1476-5594

[Journal-full-title] Oncogene

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncogene

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / T32 CA009688; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM61743; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM061743; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM061743-04; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM061743-04; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA098240; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA09688; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K08 CA098240

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Actins; 0 / Cytoskeletal Proteins; 0 / Phosphoproteins; 0 / palladin protein, human; 0 / palladin protein, mouse

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS72118; NLM/ PMC2633435

   

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[Title] Is early dynamic lymphoscintigraphy for detection of sentinel lymph nodes always achievable in breast tumor?

OBJECTIVE: In this article, we will discuss the achievement of early dynamic lymphoscintigraphic protocol and compare detection of sentinel node between benign and malignant breast tumors, and whether pathologic factor is related or not.

The average age of patients was 47.6 +/- 9.8 years and all of them were clinically suspected of having breast cancer.

The average tumor was 2.1 +/- 1.1 cm in size.

All patients underwent surgery sixteen to twenty hours later and had a final pathological diagnosis.

From the summation image of dynamic study, identified axillary sentinel nodal activity was found as 80% in the group of benign breast tumor, but only 48% in the group of malignant breast tumor.

However, this short period of protocol is not always achievable to detect sentinel node, especially in the group with breast malignant lesions.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Breast Neoplasms / secondary. Lymph Nodes / pathology. Lymph Nodes / radionuclide imaging. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / methods

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(PMID = 16485574.001).

[ISSN] 0914-7187

[Journal-full-title] Annals of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 556Q0P6PB1 / Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

   

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BACKGROUND: Human protectin (CD59) is a regulator of complement activation that inhibits complement-mediated cell lysis, and thus might confer immune resistance to tumor cells.

CD59 expression has been described in a variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer.

The immunoreactivity of the tumor was evaluated as low versus high for statistical analysis.

Additionally, CD59 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR in matched (tumor/normal) microdissected tissues from 26 cases.

RESULTS: Cytoplasmic CD59 immunoreactivity was found in epithelia of prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign hyperplasia, atrophic, and normal glands.

High rates of CD59 expression were noted in 36% of prostate cancer cases and were significantly associated with tumor pT stage (P = 0.043), Gleason grade (P = 0.013) and earlier biochemical (PSA) relapse in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.0013).

On RNA level, we found an upregulation in 19.2% (five cases), although the general rate of CD59 transcript was significantly lower in tumor tissue (P = 0.03).

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / immunology. Antigens, CD59 / biosynthesis. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / immunology. Prostate-Specific Antigen / blood. Prostatic Neoplasms / immunology

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[Copyright] 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 15389793.001).

[ISSN] 0270-4137

[Journal-full-title] The Prostate

[ISO-abbreviation] Prostate

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD59; 0 / RNA, Messenger; EC 3.4.21.77 / Prostate-Specific Antigen

   

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The Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Tiam1, plays a major role in oncogenicity, tumour invasion and metastasis but its usefulness as a prognostic marker in human cancer has not been tested yet.

In the present study, Tiam1 expression was analysed in benign secretory epithelium, pre-neoplastic high-grade prostatic intraepithelium neoplasia (HG-PIN) and prostate carcinomas of 60 R0-resected radical prostatectomy specimens by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.

Tiam1 proved significantly overexpressed in both HG-PIN (P<0.001) and prostate carcinomas (P<0.001) when compared to benign secretory epithelium.

> or =3.5-fold) in prostate carcinomas relative to the respective benign prostatic epithelium was statistically significantly associated with disease recurrence (P=0.016), the presence of lymph vessel invasion (P=0.031) and high Gleason scores (GS) (i.e.

Together, our data suggest that strong Tiam1 overexpression relative to the corresponding benign epithelial cells is a new and independent predictor of decreased DFS for patients with prostate cancer.

[MeSH-major] Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / biosynthesis. Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / pathology. Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Multivariate Analysis. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Prognosis. Prostatectomy

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(PMID = 17003780.001).

[ISSN] 0007-0920

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; 0 / TIAM1 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2360703

   

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The mammograms had been taken in the four standard projections and placed on four multi-panel diaphanoscopes, each displaying a set of 40 cases comprising benign and malignant cases in equal proportions.

As regards the 23 most frequently misread cases, these were 10/32 (31.25%) mammograms positive for malignancy and 13/128 (10.15%) negative mammograms or mammograms showing benign disease.

The 13 cases of benign disease--as established by histology or long-term follow-up--mistaken for malignancies by the test participants were fibrocystic breast disease in 5 cases, surgical scar in 1 case, ABBI scar in 1 case, radial scar in 2 cases, microcalcifications that had remained stable for years in 2 cases, focal sclero-adenosis in 1 case and sclero-elastosis in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONS: The errors were due to microcalcifications, benign disease simulating a neoplasm, overlapping tissue, visibility of a lesion in one projection only, lesion site in relation to the corpus mammae, missed areas of asymmetry.

Attention must be paid to these signs of focal breast disease since, if correctly evaluated, they enable the early diagnosis of low-grade carcinomas that frequently carry a favourable prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / radiography. Diagnostic Errors. Mammography. Mass Screening. Radiology / standards

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma / radiography. Breast Diseases / surgery. Calcinosis / radiography. Carcinoma in Situ / radiography. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / radiography. Cicatrix / surgery. False Negative Reactions. False Positive Reactions. Female. Fibrocystic Breast Disease / radiography. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Observer Variation

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(PMID = 15775896.001).

[ISSN] 0033-8362

[Journal-full-title] La Radiologia medica

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiol Med

[Language] eng; ita

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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[Title] Elevated level of cell-free plasma DNA is associated with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: We analysed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma of patients with both malignant and benign breast lesions by real-time quantitative PCR to determine whether the finding may have diagnostic and prognostic implications.

METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from 33 patients with breast cancer, 32 patients with benign breast lesions and 50 healthy women as normal controls.

RESULTS: The mean concentrations of cfDNA in the plasma samples from patients with breast cancer, patients with benign breast lesions and normal controls were 2,285, 1,368 and 1,489 genome equivalents (GE) per millilitre, respectively.

The level of cfDNA in the breast cancer group was significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group and control group (P = 0.007 and 0.013, respectively).

These findings were associated with malignant tumour size.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that levels of cfDNA in the plasma are elevated in malignant breast cancer and correlated with tumour size.

These findings could have diagnostic and prognostic value for malignant breast tumours.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / blood. DNA / blood

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Breast Diseases / blood. Cell-Free System. Cohort Studies. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Plasma / chemistry. Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 17431649.001).

[ISSN] 0932-0067

[Journal-full-title] Archives of gynecology and obstetrics

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Gynecol. Obstet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 9007-49-2 / DNA

   

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[Title] Breast MRI wire-guided excisional biopsy: specimen size as compared to mammogram wire-guided excisional biopsy and implications for use.

BACKGROUND: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been implemented as a screening tool for early detection and as a diagnostic test in the management of breast cancer.

We also sought to evaluate factors that might predict the presence of breast cancer in patients undergoing MRIbx.

METHODS: We reviewed consecutive cases of breast MRIbx from 2004 to 2006 performed by seven surgeons.

MRI was performed in patients with either a synchronous breast cancer or significant risk factors.

Eleven (15.5%) invasive breast cancers and eight cases (11.3%) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were identified.

DCIS-containing MRIbx specimens were significantly larger than benign or invasive cancer-containing specimens.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing breast MRIbx, 27% were found to have DCIS or invasive breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / surgery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Biopsy, Needle. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / surgery. Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / surgery. Female. Humans. Mammography. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Predictive Value of Tests. Prospective Studies

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(PMID = 17849165.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the breast: case report.

BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of ectomesenchymal origin.

It is the malignant counterpart of benign soft tissue tumors like neurofibromas and schwannomas and may often follow them.

Breast is an extremely rare location of this lesion and presentation as a breast lump in the absence of pain or previous benign neural tumor is even rarer.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female presented with complaints of painless, hard breast lump for three months which was clinically suspected to be a ductal carcinoma with inconclusive fine needle aspiration cytology.

Histopathology revealed a malignant spindle cell tumor which was confirmed to be malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor on the basis of immunopositivity for vimentin, neurone specific enolase and S-100.

The differential diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor should be considered by the clinician as well as the pathologists in the work-up of a breast neoplasm as treatment and prognosis of this rare malignancy is different.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / pathology. Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Vimentin / metabolism

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(PMID = 18154670.001).

[ISSN] 1477-7819

[Journal-full-title] World journal of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Vimentin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2246134

   

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[Title] Differentiation of FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent and compromised benign lesions after surgery for breast cancer with dual-time point F-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose PET/CT scan.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of dual-time point F-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) PET/CT scans to differentiate FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent and compromised benign lesions after surgery for breast cancer.

METHODS: A total of 64 FDG-avid recurrent lesions (local tumor recurrence or lymph node metastases) in 52 patients and 38 FDG-avid compromised benign lesions after surgery in 37 patients were included in the study.

RESULTS: The average early SUVmax, delayed SUVmax and DeltaSUVmax% were 4.9 +/- 2.6, 6.0 +/- 3.6 and 18.2% +/- 18.8 in FDG-avid recurrent lesions, and 2.1 +/- 0.8, 1.8 +/- 1.0 and -17.8% +/- 21.3 in FDG-avid benign lesions, respectively.

Delayed SUVmax was significantly increased compared with early SUVmax in recurrent lesions (P < 0.0001), while it was decreased in benign lesions (P < 0.0001).

All the three parameters in recurrent lesions were significantly higher than those in benign lesions (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: This approach with SUVmax estimation appears to improve the differentiation between FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent of breast cancer and compromised benign lesions after surgery, since delayed scanning significantly enhances the difference in FDG uptake between these lesions.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / surgery. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Positron-Emission Tomography. ROC Curve. Time Factors. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 19452249.001).

[ISSN] 0914-7187

[Journal-full-title] Annals of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

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In seven consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection for liver metastases (primary colorectal in six, breast mistaken for colorectal in one), the resected fresh ex vivo liver specimen was examined with T1-weighted (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 9/4.4-4.8) and T2-weighted (2500/90) MR imaging by using a voxel size of 0.47 x 0.7 x 2 mm.

This SI pattern is unusual for common benign liver lesions and may be helpful in the MR imaging diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases. (c) RSNA, 2010.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / diagnosis. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. In Vitro Techniques. Linear Models. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Prospective Studies

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(PMID = 20123902.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1315

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Detecting nonpalpable recurrent breast cancer: the role of routine mammographic screening of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstructions.

RESULTS: Of 554 mammograms (265 TRAM flap reconstructions), 546 (98.6%) had negative results (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 1 or 2).

Eight (1.4%) had positive test results (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 0, 3, 4, or 5).

All suspicious lesions underwent biopsy and had benign pathologic results.

No interval breast cancers were identified.

The detection rate for nonpalpable recurrent breast cancer was 0% (exact 95% confidence interval: 0.0%, 1.4%).

CONCLUSION: Routine screening mammography of TRAM flap reconstructions has a very low detection rate for nonpalpable recurrent breast cancer.

Decision analysis indicates that screening such women is less effective than screening asymptomatic women in their 40s for primary breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / radiography. Breast Neoplasms / surgery. Mammaplasty. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiography. Rectus Abdominis / transplantation. Surgical Flaps

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(PMID = 18539887.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1315

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Confocal microscopy of unfixed breast needle core biopsies: a comparison to fixed and stained sections.

BACKGROUND: Needle core biopsy, often in conjunction with ultrasonic or stereotactic guided techniques, is frequently used to diagnose breast carcinoma in women.

This paper reports the progress in developing techniques to rapidly screen needle core breast biopsy and surgical specimens at the point of care.

CSLM requires minimal tissue processing and has the potential to reduce the time from excision to diagnosis.

METHODS: Needle core breast specimens from 49 patients were imaged at the time of biopsy.

These lesions had been characterized under the Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System (BI-RADS) as category 3, 4 or 5.

Immediately following imaging, the specimens were fixed in buffered formalin and submitted for histological processing and pathological diagnosis.

RESULTS: The pathologic diagnoses by standard histology were 7 invasive ductal carcinomas, 2 invasive lobular carcinomas, 3 ductal carcinomas in-situ (CIS), 21 fibrocystic changes/proliferative conditions, 9 fibroadenomas, and 5 other/benign; two were excluded due to imaging difficulties.

Morphologic and cellular features of benign and cancerous lesions were identified in the confocal images and were comparable to standard histologic sections of the same tissue.

Morphologic and cellular features of benign and cancerous lesions were identified in the confocal images.

Additional studies are needed to 1.) establish correlation of the confocal and traditional histologic images for the various diseases of the breast; 2.) validate diagnostic use of CSLM and; 3.) further define features of borderline lesions such as well-differentiated ductal CIS vs. atypical hyperplasia.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Needle / methods. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Microscopy, Confocal / methods

[MeSH-minor] Biopsy. Cell Proliferation. Contrast Media / pharmacology. Female. Humans. Medical Oncology / methods. Neoplasm Invasiveness

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[Cites] Hum Pathol. 2002 Oct;33(10):975-82 [12395369.001]

[Cites] Pancreatology. 2001;1(1):48-57 [12120268.001]

[Cites] J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Nov;117(5):1137-43 [11710924.001]

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(PMID = 19650910.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3087331

   

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BACKGROUND: Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the breast is a rare neoplasm that is characterized by a biphasic proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells.

METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective evaluation of cytologic findings in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) material from 12 patients with histologically proven benign AMEs of the breast.

None of the patients were diagnosed originally with AME: Two tumors were classified as benign and consistent with fibroadenoma, 6 tumors were atypical, 2 tumors were suspicious for carcinoma, and 2 tumors were positive for malignant cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Because of the varied histology of AME, cytologic diagnosis of this neoplasm can be very challenging.

Conservative diagnosis and further histologic evaluation is recommended for these patients.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / pathology. Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Myoepithelioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Clinical Trials as Topic. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 16544319.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Value of ultrasonographic grading with high-frequency probes in distinguishing breast tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of ultrasonographic grading with high-frequency probes in differentiating benign and malignant breast tumors.

METHODS: Sixty-four women (mean age 44.5-/+13.7 years) with 79 breast tumors underwent high-frequency ultrasonography to examine the tumor number, size, aspect ratio, shape, boundaries, encapsulation, pseudopod, internal and rear echoes, calcifications, blood perfusion, abnormality lymph nodes in the axilla.

The tumors were graded based on these findings using a 10-point grading system.

RESULTS: Between the 46 women with benign tumors and 18 with malignant tumors, no significant differences were found in the mean tumor number (1.5-/+1.3 vs 1.1-/+0.3, P>0.05) or size (55.0-/+19.2 mm vs 19.8-/+8.3 mm, P>0.05), but the mean age (41.4-/+12.4 years vs 52.4-/+14.1 years) and ultrasonographic grade (2.8-/+2.2 vs 7.3-/+1.7, P<0.05) differed significantly.

The ultrasonographic grade of the breast tumors showed an obvious correlation to the nature of the tumors (r=0.695, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Grading of breast tumors with high-frequency ultrasonography helps evaluate the nature of the tumors, and a higher score suggests increased probability of malignancy.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / ultrasonography. Breast Neoplasms / ultrasonography. Ultrasonography, Mammary / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Grading. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19861280.001).

[ISSN] 1673-4254

[Journal-full-title] Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University

[ISO-abbreviation] Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes BRCA1, p16 and 14-3-3sigma in serum of sporadic breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the hypermethylation status in serum of sporadic breast cancer patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The hypermethylation status of BRCA1, p16 and 14-3-3sigma in cancerous tissues and the paired serum of 38 sporadic breast cancer patients was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay.

Normal and benign tissue and serum control DNA were also examined to determine the specificity of hypermethylation.

RESULTS: Hypermethylation of 1 or more genes was found in 36/38 (95%) of sporadic breast cancers.

No methylated products of BRCA1, p16 and 14-3-3sigma were observed in serum DNA from healthy women and patients with benign tissue specimens.

A gene unmethylated in the tumor DNA was always found to be unmethylated in matched serum DNA.

CONCLUSIONS: Hypermethylation of BRCA1, p16 and 14-3-3sigma is present in all histologic types, stages and grades in sporadic breast cancer and can be detected in serum DNA.

It signifies that serum-based hypermethylation screening may enhance early detection of sporadic breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Breast Neoplasms / blood. Breast Neoplasms / genetics. DNA Methylation. Genes, Tumor Suppressor

[MeSH-minor] 14-3-3 Proteins. Adult. Aged. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / blood. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics. DNA Mutational Analysis / methods. Exonucleases / blood. Exonucleases / genetics. Exoribonucleases. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Proteins / blood. Neoplasm Proteins / genetics. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / blood. Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics

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(PMID = 17264521.001).

[ISSN] 0378-584X

[Journal-full-title] Onkologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Onkologie

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / 14-3-3 Proteins; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; EC 3.1.- / Exonucleases; EC 3.1.- / Exoribonucleases; EC 3.1.- / SFN protein, human; EC 6.3.2.- / BRAP protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

   

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[Title] Axillary ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative evaluation of the breast cancer patient: an algorithm based on tumor size and lymph node appearance.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the utility of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients depending on the size of the primary tumor and the appearance of the lymph nodes.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected about tumor size, lymph node appearance, and the results of ultrasound-guided FNA and axillary surgery of 224 patients with breast cancer undergoing 226 ultrasound-guided FNA.

Lymph nodes were classified as benign if the cortex was even and measured < 3 mm, indeterminate if the cortex was even but measured ≥ 3 mm or measured < 3 mm but was focally thickened, and suspicious if the cortex was focally thickened and measured ≥ 3 mm or the fatty hilum was absent.

The results of ultrasound-guided FNAs were analyzed by the sonographic appearance of the axillary lymph nodes and by the size of the primary tumor.

The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided FNA was 29% in patients with primary tumors ≤ 1 cm, 50% in patients with tumors > 1 to ≤ 2 cm, 69% in patients with tumors > 2 to ≤ 5 cm, and 100% in patients with tumors > 5 cm.

CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided FNA of the axillary lymph nodes is most useful in the preoperative assessment of patients with large tumors (> 2 cm) or lymph nodes that appear abnormal.

[MeSH-major] Axilla / pathology. Biopsy, Fine-Needle / methods. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology. Ultrasonography, Interventional

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Breast Neoplasms, Male / pathology. Breast Neoplasms, Male / surgery. Breast Neoplasms, Male / ultrasonography. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Preoperative Care. Prospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

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[CommentIn] AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Jul;197(1):W194; author reply W195 [21700988.001]

(PMID = 20966338.001).

[ISSN] 1546-3141

[Journal-full-title] AJR. American journal of roentgenology

[ISO-abbreviation] AJR Am J Roentgenol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary tumours, nodal and recurrent disease of the extracranial head and neck.

Benign and malignant neoplasms as well as metastatic lymph nodes of 39 patients were examined using localized single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) [repetition time (TR) 1500, echo time (TE) 135) at 1.5 T.

The Cho/Cr ratios in all malignant neoplasms (mean: 5.2, range: 1.7-17.8) were significantly elevated relative to those in the normal muscle structures (mean: 0.9, range: 0.2-1.4), while those in the benign neoplasms were elevated (mean: 24.4, range: 1.4-59.7) with respect to those in the malignant ones.

The average Cho/Cr ratio in the metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher (mean: 4.8, range: 3.3-5.6) than that for benign lymphoid hyperplasia (mean: 2.2, range: 1.0-3.0).

[MeSH-major] Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Feasibility Studies. Female. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged

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[Cites] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(12):4402-6 [2734292.001]

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(PMID = 16703309.001).

[ISSN] 0938-7994

[Journal-full-title] European radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Benign gynecologic conditions among participants in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to report on the benign gynecologic conditions occurring among women with an intact uterus at enrollment in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project.

STUDY DESIGN: The incidence rates of several benign gynecologic conditions were determined and risks were compared among women receiving tamoxifen and those receiving placebo, based on risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / adverse effects. Breast Neoplasms / therapy. Genital Diseases, Female / chemically induced. Genital Diseases, Female / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / prevention & control. Tamoxifen / adverse effects

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Distribution. Aged. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Confidence Intervals. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Female. Humans. Incidence. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Probability. Reference Values. Risk Assessment

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[CommentIn] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Apr;194(4):1204-5; author reply 1205 [16580343.001]

(PMID = 15846210.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9378

[Journal-full-title] American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10-CA-37377; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10-CA-69974

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; 094ZI81Y45 / Tamoxifen

   

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[Title] [Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast].

[Transliterated title] Carcinome adénoïde kystique du sein.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 0.1% of all malignant breast tumours.

The clinical criteria is not specific and the radiographic examination showed a benign-appearing tumour.

The preoperative diagnosis is possible with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

The diagnosis is made by histological examination, presented a difficult differential diagnosis with cribriform carcinoma; so it is necessary to use histochemical or immunohistochemical techniques.

Compared to other locations, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast has a favorable prognosis.

The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics, the treatment and the prognosis of this rare type of breast tumour.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms. Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Combined Modality Therapy / methods. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19464219.001).

[ISSN] 1769-6658

[Journal-full-title] Cancer radiothérapie : journal de la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Radiother

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Number-of-references] 30

   

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[Title] Efficacy and safety of direct and frontal macrobiopsies in breast cancer.

Recent innovations in tissue acquisition from the human breast have led to the development of unique direct frontal systems.

Efficacy was considered optimal if the diagnosis by transcutaneous biopsy was identical to the surgical specimen in case of malignancy or in line with clinical follow-up when benign.

One hundred and seventy-three women (aged 22-95 years) with a suspect lesion in the breast were eligible for transdermal biopsy.

Sample quality was evaluated by comparing the pathology results of the samples with definitive pathology at subsequent surgery or follow-up in case of benign lesions.

All patients had sufficient sample size (up to 5 mm diameter/20 mm length) to make a reliable diagnosis.

There were three false-negative diagnoses, leaving a correct diagnosis in 170 patients.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Needle / methods. Breast Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19352188.001).

[ISSN] 1473-5709

[Journal-full-title] European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Cancer Prev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] Reciprocal changes in gene expression profiles of cocultured breast epithelial cells and primary fibroblasts.

The importance of epithelial-stroma interaction in normal breast development and tumor progression has been recognized.

To identify genes that were regulated by these reciprocal interactions, we cocultured a nonmalignant (MCF10A) and a breast cancer derived (MDA-MB231) basal cell lines, with fibroblasts isolated from breast benign-disease adjacent tissues (NAF) or with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF), in a transwell system.

Our data indicate that interactions between breast fibroblasts and basal epithelial cells resulted in alterations in the genomic profiles of both cell types which may help to clarify some aspects of this heterotypic signaling.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Epithelial Cells / metabolism. Fibroblasts / metabolism. Gene Expression Profiling. Neoplasm Proteins / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Blotting, Western. Breast / cytology. Cell Proliferation. Coculture Techniques. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis. RNA, Messenger / genetics. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2009 UICC.

(PMID = 19530251.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

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[Title] Increased production and secretion of HGF alpha-chain and an antagonistic HGF fragment in a human breast cancer progression model.

Invasive human breast carcinomas frequently coexpress increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met, suggesting that establishment of an autocrine HGF loop is important in malignant disease.

This study examines the expression patterns of HGF and Met activation during tumorigenesis and metastasis using a MCF10A-based model of Ha-Ras-induced human breast cancer progression.

Compared to the benign parent cell line, premalignant and malignant cell lines exhibit increased secretion of full length HGF alpha-chain and elevated Met tyrosine phosphorylation in complete medium.

These results are the first demonstration of an antagonistic approximately 55 kDa HGF fragment secreted during breast carcinoma progression, which may have a negative regulatory effect on HGF signaling in premalignant breast epithelial cells.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Hepatocyte Growth Factor / metabolism. Peptide Fragments / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Blotting, Western. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. Culture Media, Conditioned / pharmacology. Disease Progression. Genes, ras. Humans. Mesoderm / cytology. Mesoderm / metabolism. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Phosphorylation. Tyrosine / metabolism

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[Copyright] 2009 UICC.

(PMID = 19415747.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Culture Media, Conditioned; 0 / Peptide Fragments; 42HK56048U / Tyrosine; 67256-21-7 / Hepatocyte Growth Factor; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met

   

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[Title] The pretreatment plasma level and diagnostic utility of M-CSF in benign breast tumor and breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated the plasma levels of M-CSF and commonly accepted tumor marker (antigen CA 15-3) in breast cancer patients in relation to the group with benign breast tumor and to the healthy controls.

Additionally, we compared the plasma level of M-CSF with the tumor stage of breast cancer and defined the diagnostic criteria: sensitivity, specificity, the positive and the negative predictive values.

METHODS: M-CSF and CA 15-3 were measured in 80 patients with breast cancer, 17 patients with benign breast tumor and in 30 healthy subjects.

RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the levels of circulating M-CSF and CA 15-3 in the breast cancer patients comparing to the group with benign breast tumor and to the control group.

The levels of M-CSF and CA 15-3 were also significantly higher in patients with more advanced tumor stage.

We observed a higher range of the diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF in more advanced breast tumor stage.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that M-CSF is the good candidate for a breast cancer tumor marker.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Breast Neoplasms / blood. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / blood. Mucin-1 / blood

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. ROC Curve. Reagent Kits, Diagnostic. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16631152.001).

[ISSN] 0009-8981

[Journal-full-title] Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Chim. Acta

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Mucin-1; 0 / Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; 81627-83-0 / Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

   

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[Title] Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors.

Given the essential role of this hormonal system in breast physiology, we reasoned that genetic anomalies of Prl/PrlR genes may be related to the occurrence of breast diseases with high proliferative potential.

Multiple fibroadenomas (MFA) are benign breast tumors which appear most frequently in young women, including at puberty, when Prl has well-recognized proliferative actions on the breast.

Constitutive activity of PrlR(I146L) in the breast sample from a patient was supported by increased STAT5 signaling.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Fibroadenoma / genetics. Fibroadenoma / metabolism. Mutation, Missense. Receptors, Prolactin / genetics. Receptors, Prolactin / metabolism

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(PMID = 18779591.001).

[ISSN] 1091-6490

[Journal-full-title] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

[ISO-abbreviation] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; 0 / Receptors, Prolactin; 0 / STAT5 Transcription Factor; 0 / Tyrphostins; 0 / alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2567233

[Investigator] Bachelot A; Belaroussi B; Bensimhon J; Berdah J; Blin MJ; Boudinet A; Brethon B; Bricaire C; Caby J; Caillaud G; Carel JC; Chabbert-Buffet N; Charitanski H; Chretien C; Clough K; Courtillot C; Delattre G; Denys I; Desthieux-Ngo K; Detoeuf M; Dhainault C; Duflos C; Fiori O; Genestie C; Gibaud G; Gompel A; Gracia C; Grimard A; Hofman C; Hofman H; Kuttenn F; Laki F; Lanty C; Lefranc JP; Le Frere-Belda MA; Leger D; Martinez F; May A; Meng L; Nos C; Pelletier D; Perrin A; Plu-Bureau G; Raccah-Tebbeca B; Saiovici JC; Salmon R; Sibout M; Sigal-Zafrani B; Thalabard JC; Thibaud E; Thoury A; Touraine P; Triana-Rabi KB; Uzan S; Viriot J; Yacoub S

   

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[Title] A role for endothelial-derived matrix metalloproteinase-2 in breast cancer cell transmigration across the endothelial-basement membrane barrier.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that active MMP-2 derived from endothelial cells facilitated the transmigration of breast cancer cells across the microvascular barrier.

Gelatin zymography was used to assess latent and active MMP-2 production in conditioned media from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and co-culture of these two cells.

We suggest that the interaction between malignant cells and peritumoral benign tissues including the vascular endothelium may serve as an important mechanism in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis.

[MeSH-major] Basement Membrane / physiology. Breast Neoplasms / blood supply. Cell Movement. Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / physiology. Neoplasm Metastasis

[MeSH-minor] Coculture Techniques. Female. Humans. Neoplasm Invasiveness. RNA, Small Interfering / pharmacology. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 17653824.001).

[ISSN] 0262-0898

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & experimental metastasis

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Metastasis

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL061507; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL073324; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL084542

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2

   

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[Title] Do serum biomarkers really measure breast cancer?

BACKGROUND: Because screening mammography for breast cancer is less effective for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility of a diagnostic blood test using serum proteins.

RESULTS: The classifiers were able to distinguish normal tissue from breast cancer with a classification performance of AUC = 0.82 +/- 0.04 with the proteins MIF, MMP-9, and MPO.

The classifiers distinguished normal tissue from benign lesions similarly at AUC = 0.80 +/- 0.05.

However, the serum proteins of benign and malignant lesions were indistinguishable (AUC = 0.55 +/- 0.06).

The classification tasks of normal vs. cancer and normal vs. benign selected the same top feature: MIF, which suggests that the biomarkers indicated inflammatory response rather than cancer.

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(PMID = 19476629.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 84955; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA-112437-01

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2696469