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[Title] Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus reservoirs in paired blood and breast cancer primary biopsy specimens by real time PCR.

This infection is considered benign, even though in limited cases EBV is associated with infectious and neoplastic conditions.

Over the past decade, the EBV association with breast cancer has been constantly debated.

Adding to this clinical and biological uncertainty, different techniques gave contradictory results for the presence of EBV in breast carcinoma specimens.

In this study, minor groove binding (MGB)-TaqMan real time PCR was used to detect the presence of EBV DNA in both peripheral blood and tumor samples of selected patients.

METHODS: Peripheral blood and breast carcinoma specimens from 24 patients were collected.

RESULTS: Of 24 breast tumor specimens, 11 (46%) were positive for EBV DNA.

Of these 11 breast tumor specimens, 7 (64%) were also positive for EBV DNA in the peripheral blood, while 4 (36%) were positive for EBV DNA in the tumor, but negative in the blood.

Furthermore, our finding of the presence of EBV in the tumor specimens coupled to the absence of detection of EBV genomic DNA in the peripheral blood is consistent with the epithelial nature of the virus.

Because of the low levels of viral DNA in tumor tissue, further studies are needed to assess the biological input of EBV in breast cancer.

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(PMID = 17163997.001).

[ISSN] 1465-542X

[Journal-full-title] Breast cancer research : BCR

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast Cancer Res.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P20 RR016472; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / 2 P20 RR016472-04

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1797024

   

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[Title] Optical tomography of breast cancer-monitoring response to primary medical therapy.

Studies have demonstrated that diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy are able to distinguish malignant lesions from benign tissues.

Breast cancer is characterized by an increase in total hemoglobin and a decrease in tissue oxygen saturation.

Benign lesions such as cysts and fibroadenomas have also been studied, with less conclusive results.

This provides a unique functional and dynamic imaging method that reflects changes in tumor angiogenesis and hypoxia.

When breast cancers are treated with primary medical therapy, this can result in a selective antiangiogenic effect that could help predict response to treatment earlier than by assessment of tumor size.

Diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy have been used to scan women at several points prior to and during their neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, with images and data showing physiological changes in the tumor in response to treatment.

In the women who respond to therapy, the total hemoglobin concentration decreases and the level of oxygenation increases in the tumor over the course of the treatment.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / therapy. Tomography, Optical / methods

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Female. Humans. Prognosis

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(PMID = 19777322.001).

[ISSN] 1776-260X

[Journal-full-title] Targeted oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Target Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 99

   

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CASE REPORT: A woman, 27-year old, admitted to Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Kragujevac for surgery, of goose-egg size, vulva tumor, of elastic consistency.

Excision of the tumor was completely done in the total endotracheal anesthesia.

CONCLUSION: Ectopic mammary tissue in vulva in adult period is very rarely seen, and can be changed pathologically as well as normally positioned breast tissue into benign cystic changes, benign tumors, adenomas and fibroadenomas and tumors.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Humans

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(PMID = 18630137.001).

[ISSN] 0042-8450

[Journal-full-title] Vojnosanitetski pregled

[ISO-abbreviation] Vojnosanit Pregl

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Serbia

   

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Germline mutations in the hereditary breast/ovary carcinoma genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 confer increased lifetime risk for ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Transitional cell metaplasia is a benign epithelial alteration that is a common finding in the serosa of the tube but is underrecognized in the tubal fimbriae, where it may mimic tubal intraepithelial carcinoma.

Median tumor size was 2.7 mm (range: 1 to 11 mm).

No particular clinical variables (BRCA 1 vs. BRCA 2 mutation, parity, personal history of breast cancer, prior abdomino-pelvic surgery, or intraoperative findings) or benign pathologic alterations in the RRSO specimens were associated with the presence of transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae.

This study demonstrates that transitional cell metaplasia of the fimbriae is a common benign finding in RRSO specimens that should not be confused with the much less common finding of tubal intraepithelial carcinoma.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Genes, BRCA1. Genes, BRCA2. Germ-Line Mutation. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Metaplasia. Middle Aged. Ovariectomy. Risk Factors. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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(PMID = 18830124.001).

[ISSN] 1532-0979

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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[Title] Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast: case report and review of the literature.

Sebaceous differentiation has been described in only limited examples of benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the breast.

Microscopically, the tumor, arising in the right mammary gland of a 63-year-old woman, was composed of well-defined solid sheets or lobules of atypical epithelial cells including many large pale or clear cells with often scalloped nuclei and coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm, in which abundant lipid droplets were identified with oil-red-O staining.

Besides, a subset of the tumor cells co-expressed synaptophysin, neurofilament, and PGP9.5, suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation that is a hitherto undescribed phenomenon in the mammary tumors with sebaceous features.

This case would expand the morphologic diversity of carcinoma of the breast.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Azo Compounds. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Coloring Agents. Female. Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect. Humans. Keratins / analysis. Mammography. Mastectomy, Modified Radical. Middle Aged. Mucin-1 / analysis. Receptors, Estrogen / analysis. Receptors, Progesterone / analysis

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(PMID = 16944238.001).

[ISSN] 0945-6317

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Azo Compounds; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Coloring Agents; 0 / Mucin-1; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Receptors, Progesterone; 68238-35-7 / Keratins; G7S71FND9B / oil red O

   

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[Title] Susceptibility of human breast epithelial cells in vitro to hormones and drugs.

Breast cancer is often hormone responsive with growth or regression of tumors modulated by endocrine manipulations.

Knowledge of tumor response to hormones will greatly improve the ability to plan therapy for breast cancer patients.

Chemoprevention of breast cancer has been mostly aimed at reducing the rate of cell division through administration of anti-hormones.

Normal, benign lesions, and duct carcinomas of human breast tissues were processed for organ culture.

In the case of the normal breast tissue it was enzymatically digested and culture as organoid culture as well.

Several immortalized normal and malignant human breast cell lines were also used in these studies to analyze the effect of 17beta estradiol, progesterone, tamoxifen and anti-progestin RU486.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / pharmacology. Cell Line, Tumor / drug effects. Epithelial Cells / drug effects. Estradiol / pharmacology. Estrogen Antagonists / pharmacology. Tamoxifen / pharmacology

[MeSH-minor] Breast. Breast Neoplasms. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Female. Humans. Mifepristone / pharmacology. Organ Culture Techniques. Progesterone / pharmacology. Progestins / pharmacology

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(PMID = 16391781.001).

[ISSN] 1019-6439

[Journal-full-title] International journal of oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; 0 / Estrogen Antagonists; 0 / Progestins; 094ZI81Y45 / Tamoxifen; 320T6RNW1F / Mifepristone; 4G7DS2Q64Y / Progesterone; 4TI98Z838E / Estradiol

   

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Of the 78 malignant tumor cases, staining for glu-tubulin was observed in 56 (71.8%), and only 22 cases showed no significant staining.

However, in benign disease, glu-tubulin staining was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but was completely absent from epithelial cells in 64 of 69 cases.

When the expression of glu-tubulin was compared between malignant tumor, benign tumor, and other benign disease, a significant differentiation was found among expressions of this protein.

These results indicate that glu-tubulin represents a strong selective expression for cancer cells and may be useful to identify and quantify human breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / chemistry. Glutamic Acid / analysis. Tubulin / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Tyrosine / metabolism

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(PMID = 20697907.001).

[ISSN] 1432-2307

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tubulin; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid; 42HK56048U / Tyrosine

   

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[Title] Mammaglobin expression in the female genital tract: immunohistochemical analysis in benign and neoplastic endocervix and endometrium.

Mammaglobin (MGB), a secretory protein belonging to the uteroglobin/Clara cell protein family, is a sensitive marker for breast carcinoma, but is also reported to be expressed in the female genital tract and its neoplasms.

Details of MGB expression pattern and its pathologic significance in the female genital tract have not been systematically studied.

Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) showed either weak (predominantly) or moderate (occasionally) expression in about 40% of the cases in comparison with strong positivity in benign endocervical glandular epithelium.

Reduction of MGB staining was seen in transition from benign epithelium to AIS.

These results confirm that MGB is not specific for breast carcinoma, but is also variably expressed in nonneoplastic and neoplastic endocervical and endometrial tissues.

Most endocervical adenocarcinomas are negative for MGB, in contrast to mostly positive endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas, however, MGB expression alone is not specific enough to distinguish these 2 tumor types.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / biosynthesis. Carcinoma in Situ / metabolism. Neoplasm Proteins / biosynthesis. Uterine Neoplasms / metabolism. Uteroglobin / biosynthesis. Uterus / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cervix Uteri / metabolism. Endometrial Neoplasms / metabolism. Endometrium / metabolism. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Mammaglobin A. Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / metabolism

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(PMID = 18580321.001).

[ISSN] 1538-7151

[Journal-full-title] International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Mammaglobin A; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / SCGB2A2 protein, human; 9060-09-7 / Uteroglobin

   

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[Title] Plasma concentration and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in patients with breast disease, breast cancer and at risk of developing breast cancer.

Specifically, MMP2 and MMP9 are implicated in both early and late processes of tumor development.

However, there is limited knowledge on the role of each form in disease and/or the significance of changes in the plasma concentration and/or activity in breast cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to determine if patients with breast cancer, benign disease and at risk for developing breast cancer display characteristic levels of active and/or total MMP2 and MMP9 in plasma.

Concentration and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 were determined quantitatively in the plasma of 124 female volunteers diagnosed with breast cancer (n=31), benign disease (n=38), or determined by the Gail Model to be at high risk (n=31) or low risk (controls, n=24) of developing breast cancer.

Concentration of total MMP2 was significantly lower in control individuals than benign, high risk (P<0.001 respectively) and breast cancer patients (P=0.002).

Activity of total MMP2 was significantly lower in controls compared to cancer, benign and high risk patients (P<0.001 respectively).

Attempts to build a predictive/descriptive model using canonical discriminant analysis (utilizing all eight features; concentrations and activity levels of active/total MMP2 and MMP9) enabled the distinction of the controls from the high risk, benign and cancer groups.

Our results suggest that preoperative plasma concentration and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 may permit sub-classification of female patients with breast disorders.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / enzymology. Breast Neoplasms / enzymology. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / blood. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / blood

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Female. Humans. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 16473671.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3835

[Journal-full-title] Cancer letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Lett.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; EC 3.4.24.35 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 9

   

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[Title] From the archives of the AFIP: breast masses in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

The spectrum of breast lesions in children and adolescents varies markedly from that for adults, with the former lesions being overwhelmingly benign.

A breast mass in a young boy or girl may arise from normal and abnormal breast development.

After onset of puberty, most cases of breast enlargement arise from benign fibroadenoma in girls and gynecomastia in boys.

These conditions have specific imaging appearances, although juvenile (often giant) fibroadenoma cannot be distinguished from phyllodes tumor, which can be benign or malignant.

A diagnosis of juvenile papillomatosis (a benign lesion) portends later development of breast cancer, and patients with this condition should be closely monitored.

Malignant lesions of the breast in children are rare.

The most common primary breast malignancy is malignant phyllodes tumor.

Primary breast carcinoma is exceedingly rare in the pediatric age group, but its imaging appearance in children is the same as seen in adults and is different from that of almost all benign lesions.

In girls, diagnostic interventions may injure the developing breast and cause subsequent disfigurement.

Given this risk and the low prevalence of malignant disease in this population, a prudent course should be followed in the diagnosis of breast lesions.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / radiography

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Breast / abnormalities. Breast / anatomy & histology. Breast / growth & development. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / radiography. Breast Neoplasms, Male / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms, Male / pathology. Breast Neoplasms, Male / radiography. Breast Neoplasms, Male / secondary. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / radiography. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / ultrasonography. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Fibroadenoma / diagnosis. Fibroadenoma / pathology. Fibroadenoma / radiography. Granular Cell Tumor / diagnosis. Granular Cell Tumor / pathology. Granular Cell Tumor / radiography. Gynecomastia / pathology. Gynecomastia / radiography. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Male. Nipples / abnormalities. Papilloma / diagnosis. Papilloma / pathology. Papilloma / radiography. Phyllodes Tumor / diagnosis. Phyllodes Tumor / pathology. Phyllodes Tumor / radiography. Puberty. Puberty, Precocious / diagnosis. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19448124.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1323

[Journal-full-title] Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiographics

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 90

   

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[Title] Overexpression of estrogen receptors in columnar cell change and in unfolding breast lobules.

However, some investigators have suggested that it may be a marker for increased risk of breast cancer.

To see whether CCC is subject to hormonal influences, the distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) was determined in a series of breast specimens showing this change.

The cases came from 51 women age 35-80 years (mean 52 years) with the following associated findings: 27 carcinomas and 24 benign lesions.

It is now recognized that columnar cell lesions include a wide spectrum of changes reaching a point at the upper end where the differential diagnosis is ductal carcinoma in situ.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology. Epithelial Cells / pathology. Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Biopsy, Needle. Disease Progression. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Risk Factors. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16174153.001).

[ISSN] 1075-122X

[Journal-full-title] The breast journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen

   

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[Title] Activin A circulating levels in patients with bone metastasis from breast or prostate cancer.

Activin A serum concentrations were determined, by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, in 72 patients with breast cancer (BC) or prostatic cancer (PC) with (BM+) or without (BM-) bone metastases, in 15 female patients with age-related osteoporosis (OP), in 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 48 registered healthy blood donors (HS) of both sex (25 female and 23 male).

[MeSH-major] Activins / blood. Bone Neoplasms / secondary. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Osteoporosis / blood. Prostatic Hyperplasia / blood. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16841234.001).

[ISSN] 0262-0898

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & experimental metastasis

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Metastasis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / activin A; 104625-48-1 / Activins

   

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[Title] Evaluation and validation of candidate endogenous control genes for real-time quantitative PCR studies of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) forms the basis of many breast cancer biomarker studies and novel prognostic assays, paving the way towards personalised cancer treatments.

Despite widespread recognition that the accuracy of the normalised data is largely dependent on the reliability of the EC, there are no reports of the systematic validation of genes commonly used for this purpose in the analysis of gene expression by RQ-PCR in primary breast cancer tissues.

The aim of this study was to identify the most suitable endogenous control genes for RQ-PCR analysis of primary breast tissue from a panel of eleven candidates in current use.

RESULTS: The expression and validity of candidate ECs (GAPDH, TFRC, ABL, PPIA, HPRT1, RPLP0, B2M, GUSB, MRPL19, PUM1 and PSMC4) was determined in 6 benign and 21 malignant primary breast cancer tissues.

ESR1 expression was appreciably higher in malignant compared to benign tissues and there was a significant effect of EC on the magnitude of the error associated with the relative quantity of ESR1.

CONCLUSION: We have validated two endogenous control genes, MRPL19 and PPIA, for RQ-PCR analysis of gene expression in primary breast tissue.

The combination identified here is a good candidate for use as a two-gene endogenous control in a broad spectrum of future research and diagnostic applications in breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Gene Expression Profiling. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Estrogen Receptor alpha / genetics. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Reproducibility of Results

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(PMID = 18042273.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2199

[Journal-full-title] BMC molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Mol. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / estrogen receptor alpha, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2211316

   

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[Title] Proton MR spectroscopy with choline peak as malignancy marker improves positive predictive value for breast cancer diagnosis: preliminary study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study, breast MR spectroscopy was performed in patients with suspicious or biopsy-proved malignant lesions measuring 1 cm or larger at MR imaging.

Histologically, 31 (54%) of 57 lesions were malignant, and 26 (46%) were benign.

A choline peak was present in 34 of 57 lesions (including all cancers) and in three of 26 benign lesions, giving MR spectroscopy a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%.

CONCLUSION: Proton MR spectroscopy was successfully incorporated into breast MR imaging studies for lesions measuring 1 cm or larger.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Choline / analysis. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Biopsy. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Middle Aged. Predictive Value of Tests. Prospective Studies. Protons. Sensitivity and Specificity

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) RSNA, 2006.

(PMID = 16603660.001).

[ISSN] 0033-8419

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Protons; N91BDP6H0X / Choline

   

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[Title] Evaluation of the stereotactic 8G vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in the histologic evaluation of suspicious mammography findings (BI-RADS IV).

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the new 8G stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (ST-driver, Mammotome; Ethicon Endosurgery) in the histologic evaluation of BI-RADS IV microcalcifications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with 61 mammographic BI-RADS IV microcalcifications underwent stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (SVAB).

Those 2 patients showed evidence of severe bleeding into the breast tissue and operative revision had to be performed (3.5%).

In 7 of 12 of the initial DCIS histologies, the operative histology was also DCIS, whereas in 4 of 12, no residual malignant tumor was found.

Most frequent benign histologies were mastopathy (13), ductal hyperplasia (9), fibroadenoma (8), and sclerosing adenosis (5).

CONCLUSION: The 11-G SVAB has proven to be a perfect adjunct to the existing breast biopsy methods.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Needle / instrumentation. Breast / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Mammography. Vacuum

[MeSH-minor] Equipment Design. Female. Humans. Prospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Time Factors

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(PMID = 15973139.001).

[ISSN] 0020-9996

[Journal-full-title] Investigative radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Invest Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 and catechol-O-methyltransferase in breast tissue and their associations with breast cancer risk.

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are important estrogen-metabolizing enzymes that may affect breast cancer risk.

Few studies have directly measured the expression of CYP1B1 and COMT genes in breast tissue samples.

The subjects in this study were a subgroup of participants of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study including 64 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 68 patients diagnosed with benign breast diseases (BBD) who provided samples of tumor tissue and adjacent nontumor tissue to the study.

We compared CYP1B1 and COMT mRNA expression in tumor tissue and adjacent nontumor tissue in both breast cancer patients and BBD patients.

High levels of CYP1B1 expression and low levels of COMT expression in adjacent nontumor tissue were associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk in a nonlinear manner.

These results support the hypothesis that the formation and accumulation of catechol estrogens in breast tissue through increased CYP1B1 expression and reduced COMT expression may play a significant role in breast cancer risk.

[MeSH-major] Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / genetics. Breast / enzymology. Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Catechol O-Methyltransferase / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / physiology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Breast Diseases / enzymology. Breast Diseases / epidemiology. Breast Diseases / genetics. Case-Control Studies. China / epidemiology. Confidence Intervals. Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1. Estrogens / metabolism. Female. Genotype. Humans. Logistic Models. Middle Aged. Odds Ratio. Risk Factors

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(PMID = 17507616.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA64277; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA90899

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Estrogens; EC 1.14.14.1 / Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; EC 1.14.14.1 / CYP1B1 protein, human; EC 1.14.14.1 / Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; EC 2.1.1.6 / Catechol O-Methyltransferase

   

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[Title] The pretreatment plasma level and diagnostic utility of M-CSF in benign breast tumor and breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated the plasma levels of M-CSF and commonly accepted tumor marker (antigen CA 15-3) in breast cancer patients in relation to the group with benign breast tumor and to the healthy controls.

Additionally, we compared the plasma level of M-CSF with the tumor stage of breast cancer and defined the diagnostic criteria: sensitivity, specificity, the positive and the negative predictive values.

METHODS: M-CSF and CA 15-3 were measured in 80 patients with breast cancer, 17 patients with benign breast tumor and in 30 healthy subjects.

RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the levels of circulating M-CSF and CA 15-3 in the breast cancer patients comparing to the group with benign breast tumor and to the control group.

The levels of M-CSF and CA 15-3 were also significantly higher in patients with more advanced tumor stage.

We observed a higher range of the diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF in more advanced breast tumor stage.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that M-CSF is the good candidate for a breast cancer tumor marker.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Breast Neoplasms / blood. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / blood. Mucin-1 / blood

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. ROC Curve. Reagent Kits, Diagnostic. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16631152.001).

[ISSN] 0009-8981

[Journal-full-title] Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Chim. Acta

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Mucin-1; 0 / Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; 81627-83-0 / Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

   

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[Title] Difficult management of a rapidly growing benign phyllodes tumor in a 49-year-old woman.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms. Phyllodes Tumor

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery

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(PMID = 20587436.001).

[ISSN] 1550-9613

[Journal-full-title] Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Ultrasound Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Expression of c-kit in fibroepithelial lesions of the breast is a mast cell phenomenon.

The expression of c-kit, a protooncogene tyrosine kinase receptor (CD117), in phyllodes tumors of the breast has been the subject of recent investigations.

We examined stromal c-kit expression by immunohistochemistry in 68 cases comprising fibroadenomas, fibroadenomas with cellular stroma, and benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors.

However, when toluidine blue and tryptase staining was performed, the staining pattern matched that of c-kit in the number of cells and their distribution, thereby confirming the presence of mast cells and excluding any appreciable level of true stromal c-kit staining.

One borderline and one malignant phyllodes tumor showed a diffuse weak stromal signal, which could not be accounted for by toluidine blue and tryptase.

Our findings indicate that c-kit is an unlikely player in the pathogenesis of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast.

C-kit, therefore, has neither a diagnostic nor a prognostic role in phyllodes tumors, and there is no rationale for the treatment of recurrent of malignant phyllodes tumor patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Mast Cells / metabolism. Phyllodes Tumor / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. DNA Mutational Analysis. DNA, Neoplasm / analysis. Female. Fibroadenoma / metabolism. Fibroadenoma / pathology. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Mastectomy. Stromal Cells / metabolism. Stromal Cells / pathology

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(PMID = 18500266.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0285

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit

   

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[Title] Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of breast: a case report.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A woman 39 years of age with a history of mass in her right breast of 3 months duration was subjected to a routine examination of the mass using MG & USG.

RESULTS: Bilateral mammogram views revealed in the patient's right breast a huge well-bordered tumour of lobulated contour without halo sign.

Sonography revealed a big well-demarcated tumour in the central part of the right breast which was cystic and lobulated in shape.

MRI under a breast array coil revealed a mass of 85 x 75 x 35mm in the right breast.

Finally, based on the clinical, radiological and histological report the mass was diagnosed as benign and despite the massive size of the mass, tumour excision alone was done and not mastectomy.

The right breast after the huge tumour excision was almost normal in size compared to the left.

CONCLUSION: PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed or partially circumscribed mass, especially in the pre-menopausal female population.

These benign masses often grow over time and can recur locally.

Radiological diagnosis of PASH is usually done by MG and USG followed by core cut biopsy for histological analysis.

However great the mass is, excision only of the tumor mass is recommended and not mastectomy.

[MeSH-major] Breast Diseases / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Breast / pathology. Female. Humans. Hyperplasia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mammography. Ultrasonography, Mammary

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(PMID = 18795085.001).

[ISSN] 1213-8118

[Journal-full-title] Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia

[ISO-abbreviation] Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Czech Republic

   

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[Title] Postoperative spindle cell nodule of the breast: Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation following endo-surgery.

Presented herein is the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed a 7 mm mammary nodular lesion 66 days after removal of an area of columnar cell hyperplasia involving cellular and architectural atypia, performed with the Mammotome Breast Biopsy System.

PSCN is a reactive, benign myofibroblastic proliferation.

Differential diagnosis includes benign and malignant spindle cell lesions of the breast.

Recognition of this reactive lesion will avoid overdiagnosis of spindle cell malignant tumor.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Needle / adverse effects. Breast Diseases / etiology. Fibroblasts / pathology. Postoperative Complications

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Mammography. Middle Aged. Postoperative Period. Sarcoma / pathology

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(PMID = 19067854.001).

[ISSN] 1440-1827

[Journal-full-title] Pathology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Pathol. Int.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

   

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[Title] Leiomyoma of breast: a report of rare case.

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm.

Leiomyoma of breast is a rare benign non epithelial tumor.

Most leiomyomas in the breast are found in the subareolar region.

Here we report a case of 52 years old lady who presented to us with a painless right sided breast lump.

Excisional biopsy revealed a growth pattern of interlacing fascicles of smooth-muscle cells consistent with leiomyoma of breast.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Leiomyoma / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 19253869.001).

[Journal-full-title] Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ

[ISO-abbreviation] Nepal Med Coll J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Nepal

   

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[Title] Excellent survival, cancer type, and Nottingham grade after atypical lobular hyperplasia on initial breast biopsy.

BACKGROUND: Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) is associated with a 10% to 20% risk of subsequent invasive carcinoma, primarily in the ipsilateral breast.

Nottingham grading, special tumor types, and survival after invasive cancer diagnosis were analyzed consistently for the first time.

METHODS: A longitudinal follow-up study of 252 women who underwent 261 benign surgical biopsies between 1950 and 1985 with a diagnosis of ALH was undertaken.

Subsequent invasive breast cancers were graded and subtyped based on histologic features and the cohort assessed for cancer survival.

RESULTS: Forty-eight (19%) women developed invasive breast cancer at an average of 15.1 years.

By an average of 13 years after invasive cancer diagnosis, 2 (10%) of 20 women with special type and variant tumors had died of breast cancer, compared with 9 (32%) of 28 women with tumors of no special type (24 tumors) or an unknown type (4 tumors).

Only 1 patient with a tumor of low Nottingham grade died of breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: ALH is a nonobligate cancer precursor associated with a moderate risk of breast cancer and predicts that later cancers are associated with overall excellent survival.

Treatment of women with ALH should be influenced by their modest elevation in breast cancer risk and the good prognosis and low mortality of many of these cancers.

[MeSH-major] Breast / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Lobular / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Biopsy. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Hyperplasia. Longitudinal Studies. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Survival Analysis

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[Copyright] (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 16894523.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA098131; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA-31698; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA-50468; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA-62212

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

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METHODS: One hundred patients with histologically confirmed malignant or benign hepatic tumor (maximum size 5 cm) were analyzed.

The cut-off of the gray value differences between tumor and normal liver tissue was established using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis 64-line multi-slice computed tomography served as reference method in all cases.

RESULTS: One hundred patients with 59 malignant (43 colon, 5 breast, 2 endocrine metastases, 7 hepatocellular carcinomas and 2 kidney cancers) and 41 benign (15 hemangiomas, 7 focal nodular hyperplasias, 5 complicated cysts, 2 abscesses and 12 circumscribed fatty changes) tumors were included.

The late venous phase proved to be the most sensitive for classification of the tumor type.

Of the 41 benign tumors, 37 were classified as true negative and 4 as false negative, which corresponds to a specificity of 90.2%.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Feasibility Studies. Female. Germany. Humans. Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted. Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Male. Middle Aged. Observer Variation. Predictive Value of Tests. Prospective Studies. ROC Curve. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Time Factors. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 18081224.001).

[ISSN] 1007-9327

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Controlled Clinical Trial; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media; 0 / Phospholipids; 0 / contrast agent BR1; WS7LR3I1D6 / Sulfur Hexafluoride

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4205454

   

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: CD10 (CALLA) has recently been reported to be expressed in spindle cell neoplasia, and has been used to differentiate endometrial stromal sarcoma from leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.

In the breast, myoepithelial cells express CD10, but there are few studies of the expression of CD10 in mammary fibroepithelial lesions.

METHODS: Stromal CD10 expression was studied in 181 mammary phyllodes tumours (102 benign, 51 borderline malignant, and 28 frankly malignant) and 33 fibroadenomas using immunohistochemistry, to evaluate whether differences in expression correlated with the degree of malignancy.

Stromal CD10 expression was positive in one of 33 fibroadenomas, six of 102 benign phyllodes tumours, 16 of 51 borderline malignant phyllodes tumours, and 14 of 28 frankly malignant phyllodes tumours.

Stromal CD10 expression had a high specificity (95%) for differentiating between benign lesions (fibroadenomas and benign phyllodes tumours) and malignant (borderline and frankly malignant) phyllodes tumours.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / immunology. Fibroadenoma / immunology. Neprilysin / immunology. Phyllodes Tumor / immunology. Stromal Cells / immunology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 15677540.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9746

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 3.4.24.11 / Neprilysin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1770579

   

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[Title] Identification of cripto-1 as a novel serologic marker for breast and colon cancer.

We evaluated whether CR-1 is present in the plasma of patients with breast and colon cancer, and if it can represent a new biomarker for these malignancies.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We determined CR-1 plasma levels using a sandwich-type ELISA in 21 healthy volunteers, 54 patients with breast cancer, 33 patients with colon carcinoma, and 21 patients with benign breast lesions.

A statistically significant increase in the levels of plasma CR-1 was found in patients with colon carcinoma (4.68+/-3.5 ng/mL) and in patients with breast carcinoma (2.97+/-1.48 ng/mL; P<0.001).

Although moderate levels of plasma CR-1 were found in women with benign lesions of the breast (1.7+/-0.99 ng/mL), these levels were significantly lower than in patients with breast cancer (P<0.001).

Finally, immunohistochemical analysis and real-time reverse transcription-PCR confirmed strong positivity for CR-1 in colon and/or breast tumor tissues.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that plasma CR-1 might represent a novel biomarker for the detection of breast and colon carcinomas.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Breast Neoplasms / blood. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Colonic Neoplasms / blood. Colonic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Epidermal Growth Factor / blood. Membrane Glycoproteins / blood. Neoplasm Proteins / blood

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods. Female. GPI-Linked Proteins. Humans. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins. Male. Mice. Mice, Transgenic. Neoplasm Staging. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16951234.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / GPI-Linked Proteins; 0 / Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0 / Membrane Glycoproteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / TDGF1 protein, human; 62229-50-9 / Epidermal Growth Factor

   

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INTRODUCTION: Fibroadenomas are a frequently encountered benign tumor that will occur in approximately 10% of women during their lifetime.

METHODS: Between April 2004 and November 2005, 100 patients underwent ultrasound- or stereotactic-guided, radiofrequency-assisted intact percutaneous excision of 106 diagnosed fibroadenomas of the breast.

CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous ultrasound- or stereotactic-guided, radiofrequency-assisted excision of fibroadenomas of the breast may be performed in an ambulatory setting under local anesthesia.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / surgery. Electrosurgery / instrumentation. Fibroadenoma / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Ambulatory Surgical Procedures. Biopsy / instrumentation. Equipment Design. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16978972.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9610

[Journal-full-title] American journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Vacuum-assisted biopsy and wire localization for the diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and accuracy of the use of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) versus wire localization (WL) in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions (NPBL).

The patients were requested to score the cosmetic appearance of their breast after operation, and a numerical rating scale was used to measure pain on the first postoperative day.

CONCLUSION: VAB is highly reliable and may avoid diagnostic open surgery in the majority of patients with benign lesions.

However, because of the underestimation of histologic diagnosis and tumor margin involvement, VAB can not be used to completely substitute wire localization.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Needle. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma in Situ / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis. Stereotaxic Techniques / instrumentation

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Breast / pathology. Diagnostic Errors. Female. Fibroadenoma / diagnosis. Fibroadenoma / pathology. Humans. Hyperplasia. Middle Aged. Precancerous Conditions / diagnosis. Precancerous Conditions / pathology. Vacuum

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(PMID = 20819495.001).

[ISSN] 0253-3766

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Expression patterns of the ATM gene in mammary tissues and their associations with breast cancer survival.

However, to date, no study has directly investigated the association between ATM gene expression and breast cancer survival.

METHODS: ATM gene expression levels were evaluated in tumor and adjacent normal tissue from patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer or BBD using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays.

Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of ATM gene expression and survival in a cohort of 471 breast cancer patients.

RESULTS: In breast cancer cases, ATM expression in cancer tissues was decreased by approximately 50% compared with adjacent normal tissues from the same patients.

In BBD cases, the expression level of the ATM gene was similar in benign tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissues.

CONCLUSIONS: The ATM gene expression was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and a high ATM gene expression level in breast cancer tissue was associated with a favorable prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Breast Neoplasms / mortality. Cell Cycle Proteins / biosynthesis. DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis. Mammary Glands, Human / metabolism. Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases / biosynthesis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins. Female. Gene Expression. Gene Expression Profiling. Humans. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Middle Aged. RNA, Messenger / analysis. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2007 American Cancer Society

(PMID = 17366603.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA64277; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA90899

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 2.7.11.1 / ATM protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

   

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[Title] The unique simultaneous occurrence of granular cell tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Granular cell tumors are generally benign oncocytoid lesions of schwannian origin that are often incidental findings in many locations.

This report is prompted by the simultaneous appearance of 2 granular cell tumors, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and a gastric adenocarcinoma in a 65-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma and granular cell tumor.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology. Granular Cell Tumor / pathology. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology. Stomach Neoplasms / pathology. Stromal Cells / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry

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(PMID = 15859656.001).

[ISSN] 1543-2165

[Journal-full-title] Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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[Title] Pleural fluid mesothelin for the differential diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions.

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumor that can be difficult to diagnose, resulting in a delayed diagnosis in some cases.

Recent studies have reported that determination of soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP) in pleural fluid may be a promising marker for use in the diagnosis of MM.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pleural fluid SMRP concentration was measured in 68 patients: 47 had malignant pleural effusions (18 MM and 29 metastatic effusion) and 21 had benign pleural effusion (8 infectious disease and 13 idiopathic effusion).

RESULTS: Pleural fluid SMRP concentration was significantly higher in patients with malignant pleural effusion than in those with benign effusion (P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Soluble mesothelin-related peptide measurement in pleural fluid may aid in the diagnosis of patients presenting with pleural effusion.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Small Cell / diagnosis. Hematologic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Lung Neoplasms / diagnosis. Membrane Glycoproteins / analysis. Mesothelioma / diagnosis. Ovarian Neoplasms / diagnosis. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Pleural Effusion / diagnosis. Pleural Effusion, Malignant / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. GPI-Linked Proteins. Humans. Male. Prospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Statistics, Nonparametric

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(PMID = 19783262.001).

[ISSN] 0025-7753

[Journal-full-title] Medicina clínica

[ISO-abbreviation] Med Clin (Barc)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / GPI-Linked Proteins; 0 / Membrane Glycoproteins; 0 / mesothelin

   

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[Title] Detection of cytokeratin 19, human mammaglobin, and carcinoembryonic antigen-positive circulating tumor cells by three-marker reverse transcription-PCR assay and its relation to clinical outcome in early breast cancer.

AIMS: To investigate the diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic value of the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a three-marker (CK19, hMAM and CEA) RT-PCR assay in patients with early breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from 50 patients with early-stage breast cancer before any systemic adjuvant therapy and analyzed for the presence of CK-19, hMAM and CEA mRNA-positive CTCs using an RT-PCR assay.

The specificity of the primers used was evaluated in 20 healthy individuals, 24 patients with benign breast disease, and 30 patients with metastatic breast cancer.

RESULTS: The detection rate of three-marker-positive CTCs in the blood of patients with early breast cancer was 54.0%, significantly higher than in patients with benign breast disease and healthy blood donors (p=0.002 and p=0.000, respectively).

For early breast cancer, correlation analysis between detection of three-marker-positive CTCs and clinicopathological characteristics indicated that detection of threemarker-positive CTCs was significantly correlated with elevated serum CEA levels (p=0.001).

Detection of three-marker-positive CTCs was associated with relapse and might have important predictive and prognostic implications in early breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoembryonic Antigen / genetics. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Keratin-19 / genetics. Neoplasm Proteins / genetics. Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods. Uteroglobin / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Cell Line, Tumor. Disease Progression. Early Detection of Cancer / methods. Female. Humans. Mammaglobin A. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 20586026.001).

[ISSN] 0393-6155

[Journal-full-title] The International journal of biological markers

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Biol. Markers

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Carcinoembryonic Antigen; 0 / Keratin-19; 0 / Mammaglobin A; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / SCGB2A2 protein, human; 9060-09-7 / Uteroglobin

   

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[Title] Cell turnover in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine adenosis of the breast.

Apocrine metaplasia (APM) is a common finding in the breast of postmenopausal women and is seen in a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from microscopic cysts to invasive apocrine carcinoma.

Apocrine metaplasia within sclerosing adenosis is known as apocrine adenosis (AA) and is considered a benign lesion of the breast.

The results showed that all cases studied by immunohistochemistry were positive for the expression of Bak, Mcl-1, Bcl-x, and Bcl-x(L) showing a pattern of staining similar to that seen in the normal breast epithelium.

There was no statistical significance between the AI of these 2 groups and that of the normal breast epithelium (0.3%).

There was no statistical significance between the AI of these 2 groups and that of the normal breast epithelium (0.3%).

[MeSH-major] Apocrine Glands / pathology. Breast / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Fibrocystic Breast Disease / pathology. Precancerous Conditions / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Apoptosis. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. Cell Division. Epithelium / metabolism. Epithelium / pathology. Female. Humans. In Situ Nick-End Labeling. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Metaplasia. Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism. Telomerase / metabolism. bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / metabolism. bcl-X Protein / metabolism

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[Copyright] 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20123450.001).

[ISSN] 1532-8198

[Journal-full-title] Annals of diagnostic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Diagn Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BAK1 protein, human; 0 / BCL2L1 protein, human; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0 / bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; 0 / bcl-X Protein; EC 2.7.7.49 / TERT protein, human; EC 2.7.7.49 / Telomerase

   

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[Title] Comparison of extracellular matrix and apoptotic markers between benign lesions and carcinomas in human breast.

The expression of the extracellular matrix-related genes, such as fibronectin, laminin and tenascin C, and apoptosis-related genes, such as bax, bcl2 and survivin, was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by immunohistochemistry in normal breast tissue and benign and malignant breast tumors and then correlated to several clinical parameters: estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki67, ErbB2, tumor size, lymph node status and grading.

Seventy-three breast tissue samples were examined.

The negative correlation between laminin transcription and Ki67 could suggest that laminin impacts negatively on tumor proliferation, and the positive correlation between fibronectin and lymph node status may lead to consider fibronectin as predictive of long distance metastasis.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis. Biomarkers, Tumor. Breast Diseases / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Carcinoma / metabolism. Extracellular Matrix / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

[MeSH-minor] Cell Differentiation. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation. Cytoplasm / metabolism. Female. Fibronectins / metabolism. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. Ki-67 Antigen / biosynthesis. Laminin / metabolism. Lymphatic Metastasis. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism. Neoplasm Metastasis. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism. RNA / metabolism. Receptor, ErbB-2 / biosynthesis. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Tenascin / metabolism. bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism

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(PMID = 16142317.001).

[ISSN] 1019-6439

[Journal-full-title] International journal of oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BIRC5 protein, human; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Fibronectins; 0 / Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Laminin; 0 / Microtubule-Associated Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0 / Tenascin; 0 / bcl-2-Associated X Protein; 63231-63-0 / RNA; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-2

   

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[Title] Progesterone stimulates mitochondrial activity with subsequent inhibition of apoptosis in MCF-10A benign breast epithelial cells.

The effects of progesterone on breast epithelial cells remain poorly defined with observations showing both proliferative and antiproliferative effects.

The release of paracrine growth factors from nuclear receptor-positive cells has been postulated as a mechanism, since in vitro studies show a lack of growth effect by progesterone in breast epithelial cells lacking nuclear receptors.

This study examined possible nongenomic effects of progesterone in breast epithelia by using MCF-10A cells known to lack nuclear progesterone receptor expression.

Our study demonstrates a nongenomic action of progesterone on benign breast epithelial cells, resulting in enhanced cellular respiration and protection from apoptosis.

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(PMID = 19690070.001).

[ISSN] 1522-1555

[Journal-full-title] American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / 1R03HD-052770-01

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD95; 0 / Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; 0 / Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; 0 / Receptors, Progesterone; 0 / Transforming Growth Factor beta1; 4G7DS2Q64Y / Progesterone; 8L70Q75FXE / Adenosine Triphosphate; 98600C0908 / Cycloheximide; EC 3.4.21.- / Kallikreins; EC 3.4.22.- / Caspases; EC 3.4.24.- / Matrix Metalloproteinases

   

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[Title] Adenomyoepithelioma with phyllodes tumor--a rare combination in a solitary breast lump.

An unusual combination of two benign breast neoplasms adenomyoepithelioma and phyllodes tumor presenting as a solitary breast lump have been described.

This patient also presented with a recurrent breast neoplasm.

[MeSH-major] Adenomyoma / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Myoepithelioma / pathology. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology. Phyllodes Tumor / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology

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[ErratumIn] Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006 Jul;49(3):476

(PMID = 16933731.001).

[ISSN] 0377-4929

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Pathol Microbiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

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[Title] Unraveling breast cancer heterogeneity through transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis.

Breast cancer diversity is histologically evident as various proliferative benign lesions, in situ carcinomas, and invasive carcinomas that may develop into distant metastases.

Breast tumor molecular subtypes have been defined by genome-wide expression microarray technology and reveal associations between genetic alterations and the malignant phenotype.

Early work has been conducted to use subtype-specific biomarkers to elucidate targeted treatment options early in the course of breast cancer progression.

Additionally, DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that contributes to breast cancer progression by transcriptionally silencing certain tumor suppressor genes.

Among the genes characterized as targets for silencing are well-established tumor suppressors such as RASSF1A, RARB, SFN, and TGM2.

Measuring elevated gene copy number and aberrant gene promoter methylation can further facilitate characterization of breast tumor molecular subtype; however, profiling of breast tumors based on epigenetic criteria has yet to be established.

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(PMID = 19452229.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / T32 CA106493; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / 5T32CA106493-03

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins

[Number-of-references] 119

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS565761; NLM/ PMC4011015

   

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[Title] Rare benign breast tumor.

We report the case of a female patient with an incidental finding at routine mammography evaluation which consisted of a benign spindle cell tumor, namely Breast Myofibroblastoma.

It is important to recognize the benign nature of this neoplasm to prevent extensive mutilating surgical procedures.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Female. Humans. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 20939206.001).

[ISSN] 0004-4849

[Journal-full-title] Boletín de la Asociación Médica de Puerto Rico

[ISO-abbreviation] Bol Asoc Med P R

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Puerto Rico

   

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[Title] [Expression of a novel metastasis-inducing protein human anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) in breast cancer and its clinical and prognostic significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of a novel metastasis-inducing protein human anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) in breast cancer and its clinical and prognostic significance.

METHODS: AGR2 expression was assessed in 160 cases of breast cancer and 20 cases of benign breast diseases by immunohistochemistry using tissue chip technology.

In addition the expression of ERa, PR and c-erbB-2 in breast cancer was also evaluated.

Follow-up information of 5-year duration was available in 127 patients with breast cancer.

RESULTS: The expression of AGR2 was significantly higher in breast cancers than that in benign diseases (68.3% vs. 25.0% , P < 0.01).

There was a negative correlation between AGR2 expression and the histological grade of breast cancer (P <0.05) , whereas positive correlations was found between the expression of AGR2 and ERalpha (P <0.05), and between the expression of AGR2 and PR (P <0.01).

In the subgroup of ERalpha-positive breast cancer, Logistic regression model demonstrated AGR2 and TNM stage were important factors affecting lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.01).

Moreover, COX regression model confirmed the expression of AGR2 as an independent prognostic factor among patients with ERa-positive breast cancer (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal expression of AGR2 may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer.

Therefore, AGR2 may be a useful molecular marker for prognostication for patient with hormone-responsive breast cancer.

[MeSH-major] BRCA2 Protein / metabolism. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics. Neoplasm Metastasis / diagnosis. Proteins / metabolism. Receptor, ErbB-2 / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Neoplasm Staging. Prognosis

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(PMID = 18681322.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5807

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; 0 / BRCA2 Protein; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / Proteins; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-2; EC 5.3.4.1 / AGR2 protein, human

   

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[Title] Enhanced mass on contrast-enhanced breast MR imaging: Lesion characterization using combination of dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR images.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a combination of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in characterization of enhanced mass on breast MR imaging and to find the strongest discriminators between carcinoma and benignancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed consecutive breast MR images in 270 patients; however, 13 lesions in 93 patients were excluded based on our criteria.

We analyzed tumor size, shape, margin, internal mass enhancement, kinetic curve pattern, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.

We added the corresponding categories to these prediction probabilities for malignancy and calculated diagnostic accuracy when we consider category 4b, 4c, and 5 lesions as malignant and category 4a, 3, and 2 lesions as benign.

CONCLUSION: The combination of DWI and DCE-MRI could produce high diagnostic accuracy in the characterization of enhanced mass on breast MR imaging.

[MeSH-major] Algorithms. Breast / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis. Gadolinium DTPA. Image Enhancement / methods. Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Contrast Media. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Young Adult

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 18972357.001).

[ISSN] 1053-1807

[Journal-full-title] Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

[ISO-abbreviation] J Magn Reson Imaging

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media; K2I13DR72L / Gadolinium DTPA

   

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[Title] Native human autoantibodies targeting GIPC1 identify differential expression in malignant tumors of the breast and ovary.

We previously described the isolation and characterization of two fully human monoclonal antibodies, 27.F7 and 27.B1, from breast cancer patients that target the protein known as GIPC1, an accessory PDZ-domain binding protein involved in regulation of G-protein signaling.

Human monoclonal antibodies, 27.F7 and 27.B1, to GIPC1 demonstrate specific binding to malignant breast cancer tissue with no reactivity with normal breast tissue.

To further clarify the association of GIPC1 with breast and ovarian cancer we carefully studied 27.F7 and 27.B1 using immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.

An immunohistochemical study of normal ovarian tissue, benign, borderline and malignant ovarian serous tumors, and different types of breast cancer revealed high expression of GIPC1 protein in neoplastic cells.

Examination of different types of breast cancer demonstrates that the level of GIPC1 expression depends on tumor invasiveness and displays a higher expression than in benign tumors.

CONCLUSION: The present pilot study demonstrates that the GIPC1 protein is overexpressed in ovarian and breast cancer, which may provide an important diagnostic and prognostic marker and will constitute the basis for further study of the role that this protein plays in malignant diseases.

[MeSH-major] Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / biosynthesis. Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / immunology. Autoantibodies / chemistry. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Ovarian Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry. Breast / metabolism. Cell Line, Tumor. Disease Progression. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Pilot Projects

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(PMID = 18721484.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Autoantibodies; 0 / GIPC1 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2535783

   

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[Title] Epithelial and stromal cathepsin K and CXCL14 expression in breast tumor progression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression of cathepsin K (CTSK) and CXCL14 in stromal and epithelial cells in human breast tumor progression.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We did immunohistochemical analyses of CTSK and CXCL14 expression in normal breast tissue, biopsy sites, benign lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive breast tumors of different stages.

The effect of CTSK+ breast stromal fibroblasts on CTSK- breast cancer cells was assessed in coculture.

The expression of CXCL14 was not associated with any tumor or patient characteristics analyzed.

Stromal CTSK expression was significantly higher in invasive compared with in situ carcinomas, and in one of the two data sets analyzed, it correlated with higher tumor stage.

Coculture of CTSK+ fibroblasts enhanced the invasion of CTSK- breast tumor epithelial cells and this was blocked by CTSK inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS: CTSK may function as a paracrine factor in breast tumorigenesis.

CTSK+ fibroblasts may play a role in tumor progression by promoting the invasiveness of tumor epithelial cells.

The possibility that CTSK inhibitors may have a clinical role in decreasing the risk of tumor progression merits further investigation.

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(PMID = 18765527.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116235-01A1; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA116235; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA116235-01A1; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA094074-04; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA116235-02; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116235-02; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA089393-050004; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA089393; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA089393-060014; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA089393-060014; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116235; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA094074-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA094074-04; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA107469; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA006516; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA089393-050004; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA094074-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K08 CA090876; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA107469; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA89393; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA090876; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA006516; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA089393-070014; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA089393-070014; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA094074

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CXCL14 protein, human; 0 / Chemokines, CXC; EC 3.4.- / Cathepsins; EC 3.4.22.38 / CTSK protein, human; EC 3.4.22.38 / Cathepsin K

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS72319; NLM/ PMC2630242

   

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