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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Skin cancers and wounds in the geriatric population: a review.

Diagnosis of wound malignancy often remains elusive and is of particular concern in the geriatric population because the average age for presentation of squamous cell cancer is 70 years.

Basal and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as Marjolin's ulcer, may look like a chronic or acute wound, can develop in the wound itself, or be found in the scar tissue of these wounds.

A complete patient history should include questions about sun exposure and personal and family history of skin cancer.

Some wounds exhibit typical clinical signs of cancer - ie, raised borders, crusting - but many do not, making diagnosis more challenging.

An accurate diagnosis is crucial to positive treatment outcomes.

[MeSH-major] Skin Neoplasms / complications. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis. Wounds and Injuries / complications. Wounds and Injuries / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Age Factors. Aged. Aging. Biopsy / methods. Causality. Chronic Disease. Diagnosis, Differential. Diagnostic Errors. Humans. Medical History Taking. Patient Selection. Skin Care / methods. Wound Healing

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(PMID = 19387098.001).

[ISSN] 0889-5899

[Journal-full-title] Ostomy/wound management

[ISO-abbreviation] Ostomy Wound Manage

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 81

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Histopathological and clinical-progressive profile of skin carcinomas: study on 1688 cases.

Skin carcinomas represent 90-95% of skin cancers.

With the objective of identifying the histopathological and clinical-progressive profile of skin carcinomas, we undertook a retrospective study over a period of seven years, which included a total of 1688 patients with carcinoma of the skin, hospitalized and treated in Craiova Dermatology Clinic between January 1999 and December 2006.

Patient data such as identification data, environment, profession, phototype, location of cancer, history of the disease, clinical diagnosis, histopathological diagnosis and response to treatment were included in clinical charts.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was diagnosed in a total of 1162 patients, representing 68.84% of cases taken to the study.

The most common clinical forms were: pearly BCC (37.95%), nodular BCC (29%), and superficial BCC (22.03%).

Regarding the histological type, the most frequent forms were: BCC polymorphic (29.95%), BCC solid (24.96%), and keratinized BCC (19.97%).

Epidermoid carcinoma (EC) was encountered in a total of 482 patients, representing 28.55% of all cases.

Metatypical carcinoma (MC) was found in 44 patients (2.61%).

This type of cancer did not presented clinical particular signs, the diagnosis was strictly pathological.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Distribution. Disease Progression. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prevalence. Retrospective Studies. Rural Population / statistics & numerical data. Urban Population / statistics & numerical data. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20191140.001).

[ISSN] 1220-0522

[Journal-full-title] Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Rom J Morphol Embryol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Romania

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Quality-of-life outcomes of treatments for cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Quality of life is an important treatment outcome for conditions that are rarely fatal, such as cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (typically called nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)).

The main outcome was tumor-related quality of life 1 to 2 years after therapy, measured with the 16-item version of Skindex, a validated measure.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / psychology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Quality of Life. Skin Neoplasms / psychology. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / psychology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Emotions. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Health Status Indicators. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Mohs Surgery. Prospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17301830.001).

[ISSN] 1523-1747

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of investigative dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Invest. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / K02 AR 02203-01

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Recurrent basosquamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

BACKGROUND: Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSC) of the vulva is a rare entity with interesting prognostic and therapeutic implications.

CONCLUSION: BSC is a rare disorder of the vulva.

The metastatic potential of this tumor is not fully understood, but likely is intermediate between squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / pathology. Carcinoma, Basosquamous / surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Vulvar Neoplasms / pathology. Vulvar Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 16624392.001).

[ISSN] 0090-8258

[Journal-full-title] Gynecologic oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Gynecol. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This paper reviews the role of mast cells in the development and progression of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Upon irradiation of the skin, trans-urocanic acid in the epidermis isomerizes to cis-urocanic acid, which stimulates neuropeptide release from neural c-fibers.

These neuropeptides in turn trigger histamine secretion from mast cells, leading to suppression of the cellular immune system. (2) Angiogenesis: Mast cells are the major source of vascular endothelial growth factor in basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor is one of the most potent angiogenic factors, which also induces leakage of other angiogenic factors across the endothelial cell wall into the matrix.

Mast cell proteases reorganize the stroma to facilitate endothelial cell migration.

As well, heparin, the dominant mast cell proteoglycan, assists in blood-borne metastasis. (3) Degradation of extracellular matrix: Through its own proteases, and indirectly via interaction with other cells, mast cells participate in degradation of the matrix, which is required for tumor spread. (4) Mitogenesis: Mast cell mediators including fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-8 are mitogenic to melanoma cells.

Emerging data, however, also suggest that mast cells might, in fact, have opposing roles in tumor biology, and the microenvironment could polarize mast cells to possess either promoting or inhibitory effects on tumors.

[MeSH-major] Mast Cells / physiology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / blood. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / blood supply. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood supply. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Humans. Melanoma / blood. Melanoma / blood supply. Melanoma / pathology. Neovascularization, Pathologic / physiopathology. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / blood

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(PMID = 16258517.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

[Number-of-references] 71

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Genus beta human papillomaviruses and incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of skin: population based case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between genus beta human papillomaviruses and the incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer in the general population.

PARTICIPANTS: 2366 skin cancer cases and controls from the general population aged 25 to 74 years (663 squamous cell carcinoma, 898 basal cell carcinoma, 805 controls), with plasma samples tested for L1 antibodies to 16 genus beta human papillomaviruses by multiplex serology.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios for squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma associated with seropositivity to beta human papillomaviruses.

RESULTS: Squamous cell carcinoma, but not basal cell carcinoma, cases had a higher prevalence of each of the individual beta human papillomaviruses assayed compared with controls.

The odds ratios for squamous cell carcinoma increased with the number of beta types positive (odds ratio for one type positive 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.33); two to three types positive 1.44 (1.03 to 2.01); four to eight types positive 1.51 (1.03 to 2.20); more than eight types positive 1.71 (1.12 to 2.62); P for trend (categorical)<0.001; P for trend (continuous)=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a relation between genus beta human papillomavirus infection and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the general population, as well as potential enhancement of risk by immunosuppression.

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(PMID = 20616098.001).

[ISSN] 1756-1833

[Journal-full-title] BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

[ISO-abbreviation] BMJ

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA057494; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA023108; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA57494; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA118443; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA118443

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Viral

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2900549

[Investigator] Anderson DR; Averill RW; Aversa AJ; Brady S; Bairstow BA; Baughman RD; Blasik LG; Campbell J; Carroll C; Chapman MS; Clendenning WE; Collison DW; Crespo JL; Danby FW; Del Guidice SM; Dimond RL; Dinulos JG; Draper WS; Finkle JP; Fisher J; Fournier J; Frank WE; Fromer JL; Goldberg NC; Goldminz D; Gordon R; Greenstein DS; Habif TP; Hammer C; Hokanson T; Joselow SA; Lewis G; Lichter MD; Liranzo MO; Margesson L; Mittleman MA; Peraza J; Posnick RB; Pringle WM; Quitadamo M; Reohr PB; Reynolds NC; Ryan A; Sands P; Schwartz ME; Seymour G; Sherman LD; Sisto JA; Spencer SK; Starke JC; Stewart MI; Sullivan S; Thyresson NH; Truhan AP; Tye MJ; Watson J; Waterson KW; Willer R; Zug K

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: Illustrated review centered on diagnosis of the usual aspects and pitfalls of eyelid pathology divided into semiological chapters (tumors, blisters, erythema, etc.).

It is mainly centered on skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adnexal carcinomas, and melanoma).

A number of rare diseases deserve mention since their presence could lead to the diagnosis of internal or systemic diseases (dermatomyositis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester, etc.).

In such conditions, early diagnosis is often based on the observation of isolated periocular symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Even though topographic dermatology is a somewhat reductive vision of skin diseases, pathology of the eyelids deserves special mention because of its polymorphism as well as its diagnostic and/or therapeutic significance.

[MeSH-major] Eyelid Diseases / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Eyelid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Humans

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(PMID = 16885900.001).

[ISSN] 1773-0597

[Journal-full-title] Journal français d'ophtalmologie

[ISO-abbreviation] J Fr Ophtalmol

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 123

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Basosquamous carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Basosquamous carcinoma is considered an aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with an increased risk of recurrence and metastases.

METHODS: This is a narrative review based on a MEDLINE search of articles in English and a manual search of popular dermatology textbooks to define basosquamous carcinoma, its incidence, clinical behavior, and treatment of choice.

RESULTS: There are no specific clinical features to distinguish basosquamous carcinoma from other BCC types and the diagnosis is made only after biopsy.

There are several histologic definitions of basosquamous carcinoma ranging from a characteristic combination of BCC and squamous cell carcinoma with or without a transition zone, to any BCC with evidence of keratinization.

The authors confine the use of the term to an infiltrative growth BCC with areas of keratinization and/or intercellular bridge formation in the setting of a prototypic proliferative stromal reaction.

The term "metatypical basal cell carcinoma" is considered a synonym but its use is discouraged for the reasons outlined.

The reported incidence of basosquamous carcinoma ranges from 1.2% to 2.7%.

The aggressive biological behavior and clinical course distinguish basosquamous carcinoma from other forms of BCC.

CONCLUSION: The terminology surrounding basosquamous carcinoma is confusing and there is a need for more uniform language.

Data regarding the incidence, recurrence, and metastasis rates of basosquamous carcinoma are based mostly on retrospective series with a limited number of cases.

We conclude that although the incidence of basosquamous carcinoma is unknown, there is a literature precedent suggesting more aggressive biological behavior.

We believe that complete surgical excision is the preferred approach, and that basosquamous carcinoma is an ideal candidate lesion for Mohs micrographic surgery.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous. Skin Neoplasms

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(PMID = 19103364.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 42

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Lung metastases in a case of metatypical basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid: an illustrative case and literature review to heighten vigilance of its metastatic potential.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an extremely common malignancy; however, unlike other skin cancers, they very rarely metastasize.

Here we present an unusual case of metatypical BCC of the eyelid which metastasized to the lung nine years after initial surgical treatment.

We include a review of the literature regarding metastatic BCC and suggest that metatypical features in primary BCC should prompt careful patient monitoring and consideration of adjuvant treatment at the time of diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / secondary. Eyelid Neoplasms / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / secondary

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(PMID = 18925916.001).

[ISSN] 1442-9071

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & experimental ophthalmology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Experiment. Ophthalmol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Australia

[Number-of-references] 13

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Basosquamous carcinoma-an under-recognized, high-risk cutaneous neoplasm: case study and review of the literature.

Basosquamous carcinoma of the skin is a relatively rare cutaneous neoplasm that has been shown to have significant metastatic potential.

Histopathologists debate whether these lesions arise de novo or differentiate from pre-existing basal cell carcinomas.

We present a case in which a longstanding lesion initially diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma was later found to have basosquamous histology and regional metastases.

Review of the literature reveals a metastatic rate greater than that of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and identifies several important characteristics that impact prognosis after surgical resection.

For physicians treating carcinomas of the skin, it is important to understand the natural history and proper treatment of this aggressive neoplasm.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Foot Diseases / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 16756261.001).

[ISSN] 1748-6815

[Journal-full-title] Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS

[ISO-abbreviation] J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Number-of-references] 15

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Solitary sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn complicated by squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Its association with basal cell carcinoma is well known.

METHOD: This is a case report of sebaceous carcinoma complicated by both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

RESULTS: The behavior of this tumor is very aggressive, resulting in poor prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology. Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Fatal Outcome. Humans. Lung Neoplasms / secondary. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Surgical Flaps

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(PMID = 17972311.001).

[ISSN] 1043-3074

[Journal-full-title] Head & neck

[ISO-abbreviation] Head Neck

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in basal cell and metatypical cancer of the skin].

10 cases of ulcerative-nodular basal cell carcinoma and 10 cases of metatypical carcinoma of the skin were studied immunohistochemically for immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9) and their endogenic tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) in combination with PCNA, p53 tumor complexes.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / analysis. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / analysis. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / analysis. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / analysis. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / analysis. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / analysis

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(PMID = 16075605.001).

[ISSN] 0004-1955

[Journal-full-title] Arkhiv patologii

[ISO-abbreviation] Arkh. Patol.

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; 0 / Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; 0 / Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; 127497-59-0 / Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; EC 3.4.24.35 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; EC 3.4.24.7 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

Genetic instability resulting from mutations in repair genes, defects in folic acid metabolism or DNA synthesis has been reported to contribute significantly to the development of skin cancer.

Thus, the present case-control study was conducted to determine whether an association exists between the MTHFR/TS polymorphisms and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and/or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among Korean individuals.

The study subjects comprised 95 patients with SCC, 100 patients with BCC and 207 controls with no evidence of malignancy or pre-malignant lesions.

Patients with skin cancer and control samples were analyzed for polymorphisms of the MTHFR or TS genes by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

The MTHFR 677C>T and MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphisms showed no significance with regard to the development of SCC and BCC.

However, within the 6 bp insertion (ins)/deletion (del) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the TS gene, the BCC group showed statistical significance with a 2.8-fold increased risk of cancer development [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.821] in heterozygous mutations (0 bp/6 bp), 7.5-fold (AOR=7.539) in homozygous mutations (6 bp/6 bp) and 3-fold (AOR=3.079) upon combination of heterozygous mutations and homozygous mutations (0 bp/6 bp + 6 bp/6 bp).

We thus conclude that the 6 bp ins/del polymorphism in the 3'-UTR is associated with increased risk of the development of skin cancer among Korean individuals with BCC.

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(PMID = 21472308.001).

[ISSN] 1791-3004

[Journal-full-title] Molecular medicine reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol Med Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Dermatological high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are among the most common cancers in humans.

We describe a new treatment for BCC and SCC.

METHODS: In total, 53 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of BCC and of SCC were enrolled for the treatment.

CONCLUSION: The results indicated that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for BCC and SCC.

[MeSH-major] Brachytherapy / methods. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Facial Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18681873.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2230

[Journal-full-title] Clinical and experimental dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ointments; 7440-15-5 / Rhenium

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] XPA, haplotypes, and risk of basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is instrumental in removing DNA lesions caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the dominant risk factor for keratinocyte carcinoma, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

We evaluated whether BCC or SCC risk was influenced by the A23G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), which codes for an essential protein in NER.

We also investigated whether haplotypes of XPA, determined by seven haplotype-tagging SNPs, better define susceptibility to keratinocyte carcinoma.

Incident cases of BCC and SCC from New Hampshire were identified through dermatologists and pathology laboratories.

Cases of BCC (886) and of SCC (682) were compared with controls (796).

Using GG as the reference, the A allele was less frequent among cases of BCC (OR(AG) = 0.82, 95% CI (0.66, 1.01); OR(AA)= 0.74, 95% CI (0.53, 1.03); trend test P = 0.03) and SCC (OR(AG) = 0.85, 95% CI (0.67, 1.07); OR(AA) = 0.74, 95% CI (0.52, 1.05); trend test P = 0.05) than controls.

Risk from > or =3 severe sunburns was elevated for those with the GG genotype only, and this interaction was nearly significant for BCC (P = 0.07).

Using a haplotype analysis identifying seven common XPA haplotypes indicated that the A23G polymorphism alone captured the differences in susceptibility to keratinocyte carcinoma.

The common G allele of the A23G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of BCC and SCC and this polymorphism appeared to be the determining polymorphism in XPA that alters cancer susceptibility.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Haplotypes / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / genetics. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / genetics

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(PMID = 16513681.001).

[ISSN] 0143-3334

[Journal-full-title] Carcinogenesis

[ISO-abbreviation] Carcinogenesis

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA006515; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA082354; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA57494; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / T32 ES007155

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / XPA protein, human; 0 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Therapeutic options for epithelial skin tumors. Actinic keratoses, Bowen disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Therapieoptionen bei epithelialen Hauttumoren Aktinische Keratosen, Morbus Bowen, spinozelluläres Karzinom und Basalzellkarzinom.

There has been worldwide a significant rise in the incidence of epithelial skin tumors and their precursors in the past years with an increased number of younger patients affected.

In the following article different therapeutic approaches for actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are presented and analysed.

[MeSH-major] Risk Assessment / methods. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage. Bowen's Disease / diagnosis. Bowen's Disease / therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Cryotherapy / methods. Curettage / methods. Humans. Keratosis / diagnosis. Keratosis / therapy. Practice Guidelines as Topic. Practice Patterns, Physicians'. Risk Factors

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(PMID = 15815888.001).

[ISSN] 0017-8470

[Journal-full-title] Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

[ISO-abbreviation] Hautarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

[Number-of-references] 48

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Two patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, one patient with actinic keratosis, one with intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (Bowen's disease) and one patient had concomitant squamous cell carcinoma and intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma.

In our experience, it is a safe and effective treatment for periocular lesions, including actinic keratosis, intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

To our knowledge, this is the first published description of the successful use of 5% Imiquimod in treating moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid.

[MeSH-major] Aminoquinolines / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Eyelid Neoplasms / drug therapy. Keratosis, Actinic / drug therapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Topical. Aged. Bowen's Disease / drug therapy. Bowen's Disease / pathology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Ophthalmic Solutions. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 20394545.001).

[ISSN] 1744-5108

[Journal-full-title] Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

[ISO-abbreviation] Orbit

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aminoquinolines; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Ophthalmic Solutions; 99011-02-6 / imiquimod

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Some epidermolysis bullosa subtypes are at risk for severe injury of the bone marrow, musculoskeletal system, heart, kidney, and teeth, and for the development of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma.

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Education, Medical, Continuing. Humans. Mouth Diseases / etiology. Skin Neoplasms / complications

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(PMID = 19700011.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 106

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer/keratinocyte carcinoma: a review of diagnostic accuracy of nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnostic tests and technologies.

BACKGROUND: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in the light-skinned population.

OBJECTIVE: The scope of this review is to present data on the current state-of-the-art diagnostic methods for keratinocyte carcinoma: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.

[MeSH-major] Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / ultrasonography. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / ultrasonography. Dermoscopy. Diagnostic Tests, Routine. Humans. Keratosis / diagnosis. Keratosis / pathology. Keratosis / ultrasonography

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(PMID = 17903149.001).

[ISSN] 1076-0512

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 128

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Cutaneous basosquamous cell carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Basosquamöses Karzinom der Haut.

BACKGROUND: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare malignancy with specific histopathological features of both basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Therefore, the histological diagnosis is challenging.

In the case of the carcinoma on the forehead, a local excision was performed.

CONCLUSIONS: The histological diagnosis of BSC is confirmed by the use of EMA and BerEP4 immunohistological staining.

Clinically, BSC is a rare, aggressive skin tumor.

Despite the histological similarity to basal cell carcinoma, BSC has an imminent risk of metastasizing.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / pathology. Carcinoma, Basosquamous / surgery. Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology. Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery. Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / methods. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17464493.001).

[ISSN] 1433-0458

[Journal-full-title] HNO

[ISO-abbreviation] HNO

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients is associated with increased telomere lengths.

The incidence and aggressiveness of nonmelanoma skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in immunocompromised renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is dramatically higher (up to 100-fold) compared with the normal population.

SCC lesions are also predominant in RTRs, in contrast to the normal population where basal cell carcinoma is more common.

The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown, but effective treatments for these skin tumors would have a significant impact upon morbidity in this group of patients.

The fundamental role of telomeres and telomerase in the development of most human cancers, including melanoma, is well established, but very few reports have assessed their function during the onset of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

To assess whether telomere maintenance plays any role in the increased incidence of SCC in renal transplant patients, we analyzed both the telomere lengths and telomerase expression levels in 44 SCCs and 22 Bowen's disease (BD) samples (carcinoma in situ) from RTRs and nontransplant patients.

[MeSH-major] Bowen's Disease / etiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / etiology. Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects. Skin Neoplasms / etiology. Telomere / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Base Sequence. Cell Line. HeLa Cells. Humans. Immunocompromised Host. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods. Telomerase / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17134737.001).

[ISSN] 0046-8177

[Journal-full-title] Human pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.7.49 / TERT protein, human; EC 2.7.7.49 / Telomerase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Recurrence of basosquamous carcinoma after Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is well documented.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated 1,000 cases of epidermal tumors in a private center of MMS including BCC, squamous cell carcinoma and basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) treated by MMS from 1998 to 2007 in a retrospective study.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / surgery. Mohs Surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Female. Humans. Incidence. Male. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 20924160.001).

[ISSN] 1421-9832

[Journal-full-title] Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatology (Basel)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Two cases of neoplasia of basal cell origin affecting the axillary region in anseriform species.

Neoplasms of the skin are occasionally seen in domestic birds but are uncommon in nondomestic birds.

Skin biopsies were taken, and bilateral feather folliculomas were diagnosed on histopathologic examination.

This mass was diagnosed as a basosquamous carcinoma.

Basosquamous carcinoma may have a similar gross appearance.

This appears to be the first report of feather folliculoma and basosquamous carcinoma in Anseriforme species.

Feather folliculomas and other neoplasms, such as basosquamous carcinoma, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ulcerative or proliferative skin lesions in birds.

[MeSH-major] Bird Diseases / pathology. Ducks. Neoplasms, Basal Cell / veterinary. Skin Neoplasms / veterinary

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(PMID = 19999766.001).

[ISSN] 1082-6742

[Journal-full-title] Journal of avian medicine and surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Avian Med. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparative analysis of immunohistochemical markers with invasiveness and histologic differentiation in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates several tumor-related markers to examine the expression pattern of markers according to the invasiveness and histopathologic differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

METHODS: Ninety-four cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 108 cases of basal cell carcinoma using tissue array in order to determine correlations between the expression of Ki-67, p53, EGFR, CD44v6, MMP-1 and MMP-3, invasiveness and histologic differentiation.

RESULTS: The depth of invasion showed a correlation with CD44v6 expression of tumor cell in both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (P = 0.009, P = 0.036, respectively) and with the MMP-1 expression of stromal cell in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.010).

The differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma was correlated with Ki-67 index.

The loss of palisading arrangement in basal cell carcinoma was correlated with the MMP-1 expression of stromal cells (P = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS: CD44v6 and MMP-1, expressed in tumor cells and stromal cells respectively, are significant markers associated with the invasiveness of tumors in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin and that it will be helpful to evaluate the invasiveness by measuring the expression of these markers.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / biosynthesis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antigens, CD44 / biosynthesis. Female. Genes, erbB-1. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Ki-67 Antigen / biosynthesis. Male. Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / biosynthesis. Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / biosynthesis. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 18404670.001).

[ISSN] 0022-4790

[Journal-full-title] Journal of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD44; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / CD44 protein, human; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 3.4.24.17 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; EC 3.4.24.7 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Genetic tumor archeology: microdissection and genetic heterogeneity in squamous and basal cell carcinoma.

Skin cancer provides an advantageous model for studying the development of cancer.

Detectable lesions occur early during tumor progression, facilitating molecular analysis of the cell populations from both preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions.

Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are very common in non-melanoma skin cancer, and dysregulation of p53 pathways appear to be an early event in the tumor development.

A high frequency of epidermal p53 clones has been detected in chronically sun-exposed skin.

The abundance of clones containing p53 mutated keratinocytes adjacent to basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) suggests a role in human skin carcinogenesis.

Microdissection-based studies have also shown that different parts of individual BCC tumors can share a common p53 mutation yet differ with respect to additional alterations within the p53 gene, consistent with subclonal development within tumors.

Here, we present examples of using well-defined cell populations, including single cells, from complex tissue in combination with molecular tools to reveal features involved in skin carcinogenesis.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Genetic Heterogeneity. Skin Neoplasms / genetics

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(PMID = 15748639.001).

[ISSN] 0027-5107

[Journal-full-title] Mutation research

[ISO-abbreviation] Mutat. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Number-of-references] 79

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the eyes in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

They developed frequent multiple basal and squamous cell carcinoma, all of them had periorbital squamous cell carcinoma that invaded the orbit and ended with enucleation of their eyes.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis / complications. Orbital Neoplasms / complications

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications. Eye Enucleation. Humans. Male

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(PMID = 17457453.001).

[ISSN] 0379-5284

[Journal-full-title] Saudi medical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Saudi Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Saudi Arabia

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Current recommendations in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin].

[Transliterated title] Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen für das Basalzellkarzinom und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut.

The incidence of the most common tumors of the skin, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, has risen rapidly in recent years.

They must be able to develop therapeutic strategies adapted to the tumor and the patient.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Facial Neoplasms / surgery. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Combined Modality Therapy. Humans. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm, Residual / pathology. Neoplasm, Residual / radiotherapy. Neoplasm, Residual / surgery. Prognosis. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Skin / pathology. Surgical Flaps

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(PMID = 17443305.001).

[ISSN] 0017-8470

[Journal-full-title] Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

[ISO-abbreviation] Hautarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 31

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is an uncommon, low-grade, malignant, spindle-cell tumour of fibrohistiocytic histogenesis, which can mimic other malignant skin tumours, such as basal and squamous cell carcinoma (CC), melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

AFX may be added to the list of slightly pigmented, reddish, malignant cutaneous tumours, such as SCC, MCC, amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma and eccrine porocarcinoma, which display prominent and chaotic dermatoscopic neoangiogenetic features in more advanced stages of proliferation.

[MeSH-major] Dermoscopy / methods. Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous / pathology. Melanoma / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Male

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(PMID = 20055861.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2230

[Journal-full-title] Clinical and experimental dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Atypical cellular neurothekeoma is a rare neoplasm generally regarded as a benign tumor with locally aggressive behavior.

Recurrence is common with inadequate excision, but metastatic disease has yet to be reported.

RESULTS: The neoplasm was extirpated in a three-stage, five section Mohs surgery procedure.

CONCLUSION: Mohs micrographic surgery is unsurpassed in its efficacy in treating a wide variety of nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Although most commonly used to address basal and squamous cell carcinoma, it has also been reported as a successful treatment for melanoma and a wide variety of cutaneous malignancies.

Debate in the literature is ongoing regarding the true histogenesis of this rare tumor.

Because of this tumor's local destructive behavior and propensity to recur with inadequate resection, we recommend Moths micrographic surgery for the treatment of cellular neurothekeomas.

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[CommentIn] Dermatol Surg. 2008 Mar;34(3):428 [18248473.001]

(PMID = 16681671.001).

[ISSN] 1076-0512

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 21

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach.

Electroporation uses pulsed, high-intensity electric fields to temporarily increase cell membrane permeability by creation of pores, through which small molecules, such as chemotherapeutic agents, can diffuse inside cells before they reseal.

ECT has already been proven to be effective in diverse tumor histotypes, including melanoma and basal and squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and breast cancer, also in those cases nonresponding to classical chemotherapies or other loco-regional treatment modalities, with a good safety profile.

ECT can be proposed as loco-regional therapy for disseminated cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions as alternative treatment modality to conventional therapies or as palliative care, in order to improve patients' quality of life.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage. Electrochemotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Bleomycin / administration & dosage. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Humans. Skin / pathology. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

(PMID = 21054709.001).

[ISSN] 1529-8019

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Ther

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 11056-06-7 / Bleomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Geographic variation and risk of skin cancer in US women. Differences between melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Occurrences of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have been associated with varying geography.

Our goal was to evaluate differences in risk of these skin cancers according to residence at varying UV indices at 3 time points.

The outcome measure was diagnosis of melanoma, SCC, or BCC.

RESULTS: During the 18-year study, 420 cases of melanoma, 863 cases of SCC, and 8215 cases of BCC occurred.

Although elevated, the age-adjusted risk of BCC at 30 years of age associated with residence in these states was substantially less.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SCC is independently affected by residence in locations with medium and high UV indices; the gradient of risk is weaker for BCC; and the risk of melanoma does not change significantly across this gradient.

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(PMID = 18332296.001).

[ISSN] 0003-9926

[Journal-full-title] Archives of internal medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Intern. Med.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K07 CA108978; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K07CA10897

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review to determine clearance rates and adverse effects of topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and to develop recommendations for the use of topical imiquimod or fluorouracil to treat BCC and SCC.

STUDY SELECTION: Prospective, retrospective, and case studies in English containing a minimum of 4 subjects and a 6-month follow-up or posttreatment histologic evaluation.

DATA EXTRACTION: We calculated the rate of clearance and adverse effects for BCC subtypes and invasive and in situ SCC treated with topical imiquimod or fluorouracil.

Imiquimod use produced the following clearance rates: 43% to 100% for superficial BCC, 42% to 100% for nodular BCC, 56% to 63% for infiltrative BCC, 73% to 88% for SCC in situ, and 71% for invasive SCC.

Fluorouracil use produced the following clearance rates: 90% for superficial BCC and 27% to 85% for SCC in situ.

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence supports the use of topical imiquimod as monotherapy for superficial BCC and topical fluorouracil as monotherapy for superficial BCC and SCC in situ.

[MeSH-major] Aminoquinolines / pharmacokinetics. Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Fluorouracil / pharmacokinetics. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

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(PMID = 20026854.001).

[ISSN] 1538-3652

[Journal-full-title] Archives of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aminoquinolines; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 99011-02-6 / imiquimod; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Number-of-references] 47

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Actinic keratoses are premalignant lesions that increase in frequency with each decade of life and have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

Non-melanoma skin cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, also represent sun-related conditions that require early and aggressive treatment.

The following case-based review represents typical situations where multiple treatments were combined to manage actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in patients over an extended treatment period.

[MeSH-major] Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / administration & dosage. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. Keratosis, Actinic / therapy. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Combined Modality Therapy. Cryotherapy. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Photochemotherapy

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(PMID = 20677546.001).

[ISSN] 1545-9616

[Journal-full-title] Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD

[ISO-abbreviation] J Drugs Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

They are then able to check other sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, scalp, back and limbs to discover any other lesions or more serious problems of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma the would require referral, sometimes urgently, to a dermatologist for full assessment and treatment.

[MeSH-major] Keratosis / nursing. Skin Neoplasms / nursing. Sunlight / adverse effects

[MeSH-minor] Community Health Nursing. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Nursing Diagnosis. Protective Clothing. Risk Factors. Sunscreening Agents

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(PMID = 20216512.001).

[ISSN] 1462-4753

[Journal-full-title] British journal of community nursing

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Community Nurs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Sunscreening Agents

[Number-of-references] 13

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The effect of c-myc on stem cell fate influences skin tumor phenotype.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) consist of a variety of tumor types including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, a variety of hair follicle tumors, and sebaceous gland tumors.

Our goal in the current study was to determine if alterations in the commitment of multipotent stem cells to different cell fates would influence tumor phenotype.

[MeSH-major] Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Stem Cells / pathology

[MeSH-minor] 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / toxicity. Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous / pathology. Animals. Carcinogens / toxicity. Cell Differentiation / genetics. Cell Lineage / genetics. Crosses, Genetic. Female. Heterozygote. Male. Mice. Mice, Inbred ICR. Mice, Inbred Strains. Mice, Transgenic. Multipotent Stem Cells / pathology. Papilloma / pathology. Phenotype. Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology. Transgenes

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank. 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL-13-ACETATE .

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(PMID = 20146250.001).

[ISSN] 1098-2744

[Journal-full-title] Molecular carcinogenesis

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Carcinog.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / AR47898; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA09197; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA105491; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA52607; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA79998

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carcinogens; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; 57-97-6 / 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; NI40JAQ945 / Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: During Mohs surgery, there are instances in which residual tumor cells may be difficult to detect, thereby increasing the risk of incomplete excision and tumor recurrence.

RESULTS: Various immunostains have proved useful in detecting tumor cells in various malignancies, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, extramammary Paget's disease, primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma, granular cell tumor, and trichilemmal carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: In this article, we review immunohistochemical stains that have been employed in Mohs micrographic surgery and evaluate their utility in enhancing detection of residual tumors with respect to tumor type, particularly in situations in which detection of residual tumor may be difficult.

[MeSH-major] Coloring Agents. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Mohs Surgery. Neoplasm, Residual / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 19397647.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4725

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies; 0 / Coloring Agents

[Number-of-references] 45

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The different telomere lengths in basal and squamous cell carcinomas also differ between the nontransplant and renal transplant population.

Renal transplant recipients incur markedly higher rates of nonmelanoma skin cancer, including both basal and squamous cell carcinoma, by unknown mechanisms that are thought to be activated by long-term immunosuppression.

These tumors typically arise in sun-exposed areas of the skin and are biologically more aggressive in renal transplant recipients compared with nontransplant patients.

Interestingly also, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma is generally 2- to 3-fold higher than that of basal cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients, which is a reversal of the trend in the nontransplant population.

We have shown in a previous report that the increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients is characterized by increased telomere lengths when compared with the same tumors in the nontransplant population.

In our current study, we performed a similar analysis of a cohort of 35 basal cell carcinoma samples from both the renal transplant and nontransplant patient groups.

We find that, in contrast to the situation in squamous cell carcinoma, the telomeres of the basal cell carcinomas in renal transplant recipients are in fact shorter than their counterparts in the nontransplant population, but also that these lengths are considerably longer in both cases than their squamous cell counterparts.

This is the first report to comprehensively show that the telomere lengths significantly differ between basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

These data also suggest that future treatment strategies for nonmelanoma skin cancers that are based upon telomerase inhibition, including those arising in transplant patients, may require different approaches for these two different skin lesions.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Kidney Transplantation. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Telomere / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Cell Line, Tumor. Female. Humans. Immunocompromised Host. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 18482746.001).

[ISSN] 1532-8392

[Journal-full-title] Human pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Perineural tumor spread.

Perineural spread (PNS) refers to the extent of tumor cells or other nonneoplastic lesions along the tissues of the nerve sheath, its overall incidence ranges from 2.5% to 5%.

PNS is more frequently associated with carcinoma arising from minor or major salivary glands (more often adenoid cystic carcinoma), mucosal or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

Therefore, radiologists must be aware of the relevant cranial nerve anatomy and thoroughly scrutinize not only the nerves close to the primary tumor site but also the whole neural pathways that can be accessed by PNS.

Equally critical is knowledge of the radiologic appearance of perineural tumor extension and the best imaging strategies to detect PNS.

[MeSH-major] Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / diagnosis. Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / secondary. Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnosis. Head and Neck Neoplasms / secondary

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 18466839.001).

[ISSN] 1052-5149

[Journal-full-title] Neuroimaging clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 60

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Relevance of cell culture models in cutaneous tumour biology. Part I: tumour cell lines].

[Transliterated title] Stellenwert der Zellkulturmodelle in kutaner Tumorbiologie. Teil I: Zelllinien tumorigen transformierter Zellen.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, much like all other human solid tumors, result from a multi-step process in which genetic and epigenetic changes accumulate in the affected cells.

Cell culture models are a very valuable experimental system.

Tumor cell lines display similar functional hierarchy as tumors or tissues in vivo and can, consequently, provide a crucial source of minor cell subsets, like tumor stem cells.

Progression series of clonally related cell lines offer the opportunity to follow the process of sequential acquisition of transformation-related traits up to the development of properties with direct clinical equivalents, like tumorigenicity and metastatic competence.

While for most studies, human transformed cell lines are the model of choice, there are questions for which animal cell lines are strongly preferred, such as interactions between the tumor and the immune system.

To properly interpret the results of all experiments with classical two-dimensional cell culture, a possible danger of artifacts due to grossly unnatural environment must be constantly taken into account.

[MeSH-major] Cell Line, Tumor / pathology. Cell Line, Tumor / physiology. Disease Models, Animal. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / physiopathology

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(PMID = 18058078.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1173

[Journal-full-title] Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

[ISO-abbreviation] Hautarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 64

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Bilobed flap reconstruction in infraorbital skin defects.

Improper closure of skin defects involving this region may lead to deformity in the lower lid and to ectropion.

This report presents the authors' experience with 15 patients who had infraorbital skin defects reconstructed with the bilobed flap from the zygomatic and lateral cheek regions.

Pathologic diagnoses included basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and hemangioma.

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(PMID = 17255668.001).

[ISSN] 1529-4242

[Journal-full-title] Plastic and reconstructive surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Plast. Reconstr. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of developing skin cancers.

This article will review and discuss management issues for the following malignancies: lymphomas, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

[MeSH-major] HIV Infections / complications. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Humans. Lymphoma / complications. Lymphoma / diagnosis. Lymphoma / therapy. Melanoma / complications. Melanoma / diagnosis. Melanoma / therapy. Sarcoma, Kaposi / complications. Sarcoma, Kaposi / diagnosis. Sarcoma, Kaposi / therapy

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(PMID = 15842615.001).

[ISSN] 1396-0296

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Ther

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Number-of-references] 148

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Adipophilin expression in sebaceous tumors and other cutaneous lesions with clear cell histology: an immunohistochemical study of 117 cases.

This study examines adipophilin expression in various sebaceous lesions and other cutaneous tumors with a clear cell histology that may mimic sebaceous differentiation.

A total of 117 cutaneous clear cell lesions including 16 sebaceous adenomas, 25 sebaceous carcinomas, 8 basal cell carcinomas, 12 squamous cell carcinomas, 6 xanthomas, 10 xanthelasmas, 10 xanthogranulomas, 4 balloon cell nevi, 5 trichilemmomas, 8 clear cell hidradenomas, and 13 metastatic renal cell carcinomas were examined using immunohistochemistry for the expression of adipophilin.

Adipophilin was expressed in 16 of 16 (100%) sebaceous adenomas, 23 of 25 (92%) sebaceous carcinomas, 10 of 10 (100%) xanthelasmas, 9 of 10 (90%) xanthogranulomas, 6 of 6 (100%) xanthomas, and 9 of 13 (62.5%) metastatic renal cell carcinomas.

Adipophilin expression was not seen in any of the other lesions with clear cell histology, basal cell carcinomas, or squamous cell carcinomas, including cases that had focal clear cell differentiation.

Adipophilin can be valuable in an immunohistochemical panel when evaluating cutaneous lesions with clear cell histology as it identifies intracytoplasmic lipid vesicles in sebaceous and xanthomatous lesions.

In periocular lesions, it is effective in helping to exclude basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when sebaceous carcinoma is under consideration.

Adipophilin expression is not as useful for the differential diagnosis that includes metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a rare but important, diagnostic differential.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Peptides / metabolism. Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / metabolism. Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / metabolism. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Infant. Male. Membrane Proteins. Middle Aged. Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage / metabolism. Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage / pathology. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20118912.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0285

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Peptides; 0 / perilipin 2

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Amelanotic lentigo maligna is not clinically suspected and is often mistaken for a basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or dermatitis.

CONCLUSION: A high degree of clinical and histologic suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of this clinically nondescript neoplasm.

[MeSH-major] Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Forearm. Humans. Keratosis, Actinic / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged. Neck

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19766347.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 11

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical reappraisal.

Even though immunohistochemical comparisons of microcystic adnexal carcinoma vs infiltrative basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma exist, they are mostly restricted to the use of a single stain.

In addition, a comparison with squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported previously.

In this study, we compare the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 15, CK7, CK20, CK903, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CD10, CD15 and BerEP4 in 13 microcystic adnexal carcinoma, eight desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, 10 infiltrative basal cell carcinoma, and eight squamous cell carcinoma of which five exhibited ductal differentiation.

We found that the majority of microcystic adnexal carcinoma (92%) and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (100%) cases expressed CK15 while the infiltrative basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases were all negative.

Forty percent of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma expressed CK7; while only two microcystic adnexal carcinoma cases (15%) and one squamous cell carcinoma with ductal differentiation (12%) expressed CK7 in the remaining three tumor categories.

While the neoplastic cells were negative, luminal staining of ductal structures was noted for CK7, CD15 and CEA in some of the microcystic adnexal carcinoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and squamous cell carcinoma with ductal differentiation cases.

Sixty percent of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma, 31% of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, and 25% of squamous cell carcinoma express CD10.

BerEP4 expression was noted in 38% of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, 57% of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, 100% of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma, and 38% of squamous cell carcinoma.

In conclusion, we found CK15 to be a useful marker in distinguishing microcystic adnexal carcinoma from infiltrative basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with ductal differentiation.

Our experience indicates that microcystic adnexal carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma have a similar immunohistochemical profile that is, CK15+ and BerEP4+/-; thus, additional studies are needed to separate these two entities.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Carcinoma, Skin Appendage / chemistry. Head and Neck Neoplasms / chemistry. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Skin Neoplasms / chemistry

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / chemistry. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / chemistry. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Keratin-15 / analysis. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 18065959.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Keratin-15; 0 / human epithelial antigen-125

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The DeltaN-p63 isoforms of p63, which are believed to behave as oncogenes, are expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma.

We studied 66 cases of thymoma (1 type A, 8 type AB, 12 type B1, 19 type B2, 12 type B3, and 14 type C/thymic carcinoma) and 10 specimens of normal human thymus arranged in tissue microarrays.

All thymomas (including thymic carcinomas) were positive for p63 regardless of type.

[MeSH-major] DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis. Thymoma / metabolism. Thymus Gland / chemistry. Thymus Neoplasms / metabolism. Trans-Activators / biosynthesis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17276940.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9173

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / TP63 protein, human; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Basosquamous carcinoma: treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare tumor defined as a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) differentiating into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

METHODS: The prospective, multicenter case series included all patients in Australia treated with MMS for BSC, who were monitored by the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia between 1993 and 2002.

The tumors were diagnosed initially as BCC in 87.4% and as SCC in 12.0% of patients.

Of 98 patients who completed a 5-year follow-up period after MMS, 4 (4.1%) had disease recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: The low 5-year disease recurrence rate of BSC with MMS emphasized the importance of margin-controlled excision using MMS.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / surgery. Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery. Mohs Surgery / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Arm. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Leg. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

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(PMID = 15929123.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is reported to have a high rate of recurrence with standard wide local excision.

METHODS: This prospective, multi-center case series included all patients in Australia treated with MMS for MAC, who were monitored by the Skin and Cancer Foundation between 1993 and 2002.

In 31.8% of cases it was a recurrent tumor.

In 32.5% of cases the tumor was initially misdiagnosed as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Skin Appendage / surgery. Mohs Surgery. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Australia / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Child. Databases, Factual. Diagnostic Errors. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnosis. Head and Neck Neoplasms / epidemiology. Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Prospective Studies. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 15692477.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 24

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Ultraviolet light and skin cancer in athletes.

The incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasing worldwide.

Ultraviolet light exposure is the most important risk factor for cutaneous melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Constitutive skin color and genetic factors, as well as immunological factors, play a role in the development of skin cancer.

Ultraviolet light also causes sunburn and photoaging damage to the skin.

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(PMID = 23015891.001).

[ISSN] 1941-7381

[Journal-full-title] Sports health

[ISO-abbreviation] Sports Health

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3445124

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; athletes / melanoma / skin cancer / ultraviolet light

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder characterised by hypo-/hyperpigmentation, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV)-radiation and an up to 2000-fold increased skin cancer risk.

This defect accounts for their mutator phenotype but does not predict their increased skin cancer risk.

Therefore, we carried out array analysis to measure the expression of more than 1000 genes after UVB-irradiation in XP cells from three complementation groups with different clinical severity (XP-A, XP-D, XP-F) as well as from patients with normal DNA repair but increased skin cancer risk (≥2 basal or squamous cell carcinoma at age <40yrs).

Genes identified in XP cells could be confirmed in cells from patients with no known DNA repair defects but increased skin cancer risk.

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(PMID = 21566739.001).

[Journal-full-title] Translational oncogenomics

[ISO-abbreviation] Transl Oncogenomics

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3022359

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; DNA repair / array analysis / basal cell carcinoma / skin cancer risk / squamous cell carcinoma / xeroderma pigmentosum

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mohs micrographic surgery at the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia, 10 years later (1997 vs 2007).

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate changes over time in the type of patients and skin cancers that are treated using MMS, and the repairs used to close the defects.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on patients treated with MMS at the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia, Westmead, in 1997 against those treated in 2007.

Patient demographics (age, sex), pathology of tumor, anatomic site of the tumor, preoperative tumor size, postoperative defect size, and repair method were analyzed.

The 2007 cohort was a little older (62 vs 64 years), but there were no differences in sex, anatomic site, rate of basal/squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma histologic subtypes, or preoperative tumor size.

However, there were fewer superficial basal cell carcinomas, and the postoperative defect size was smaller in 2007 (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION: Although tumor size and the percentage of tumors in each anatomic site did not change over 10 years, the size of the defect created after MMS has become smaller.

This reduction in defect size may explain why more defects are now repaired by side-to-side closure and flap repairs whereas fewer defects are repaired by skin grafting.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Mohs Surgery / statistics & numerical data. Mohs Surgery / utilization. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Australia / epidemiology. Cohort Studies. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Skin Transplantation / statistics & numerical data. Skin Transplantation / utilization. Surgical Flaps / statistics & numerical data. Surgical Flaps / utilization

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20950738.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The use of paramedian forehead flap reconstruction after wide excision of basal cell carcinoma of the nose.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an indolent, slow-growing malignant skin tumour.

The nose is a common site for malignant skin tumours, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma because it is exposed to the sun.

Excision of the BCC will leave the nose with a soft tissue defect which requires reconstruction.

This report illustrates a case of BCC of nose whereby a wide excision and reconstruction was performed with a paramedian forehead flap.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Nose Neoplasms / surgery. Rhinoplasty / methods. Surgical Flaps

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(PMID = 19385500.001).

[ISSN] 0300-5283

[Journal-full-title] The Medical journal of Malaysia

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. J. Malaysia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Malaysia

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Bcl-XL protein is markedly decreased in UVB-irradiated basal cell carcinoma cell lines through proteasome-mediated degradation.

There is considerable evidence that the excessive ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) from sunlight is implicated in skin damage, ultimately inducing the death of keratinocytes.

If the apoptotic pathway does not work properly, the damaged cells have a chance to transform into a carcinoma, such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

To develop a strategy of inducing apoptosis of skin cancer cells, the current study was performed to investigate the apoptotic pathway, especially focused on Bcl2 family proteins, in curcumin or UVB-treated basal cell carcinoma cell lines.

Our data demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-XL protein was decreased by proteasome-mediated degradation prior to change of mRNA level in UVB-induced apoptotic basal cell carcinoma cell lines, thereby these results will offer fundamental information to develop a strategy of inducing apoptosis of skin cancer cells.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / radiation effects. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / radiation effects. bcl-X Protein / radiation effects

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology. Blotting, Western. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / radiation effects. Curcumin / pharmacology. DNA Fragmentation. Gene Expression / radiation effects. Humans. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Ultraviolet Rays. bcl-2-Associated X Protein / radiation effects. bcl-Associated Death Protein / radiation effects

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(PMID = 19212627.001).

[ISSN] 1021-335X

[Journal-full-title] Oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncol. Rep.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / BCL2L1 protein, human; 0 / bcl-2-Associated X Protein; 0 / bcl-Associated Death Protein; 0 / bcl-X Protein; EC 3.4.25.1 / Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; IT942ZTH98 / Curcumin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Tumor types were squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, fibrosarcoma, and ectopic mixed tumor in two, one, two, one, one, and one patients, respectively, in addition to eight patients with jaw lymphoma involving the orbit, out of 24 patients reported by us.

Surgery consisted of complete excision of orbital content (exenteration) with or without partial orbitectomy in four patients and wide excision of the tumor in four patients.

Reconstruction of the defect was accomplished using various local skin flaps and temporalis muscle flap was used for augmenting the orbit in the four exenterated patients.

There is no single best method for reconstruction of the periorbital and orbital defects left after tumor resection, and different flaps applied for reconstruction had given satisfactory results related to the type and complexity of the deformity.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Child. Child, Preschool. Eye Enucleation. Female. Humans. Infant. Iraq. Lymphoma / chemistry. Lymphoma / surgery. Male. Middle Aged. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Skin Transplantation

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(PMID = 17993883.001).

[ISSN] 1049-2275

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of craniofacial surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J Craniofac Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

EH has been observed as an incidental finding in tissue adjacent to and within lesions such as nevi, scars, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratoses.

We present two cases of EH within infundibular type follicular cysts, a rare finding only once otherwise reported in 1978.

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Female. Humans. Incidental Findings. Male. Skin Neoplasms / complications

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(PMID = 17381810.001).

[ISSN] 0303-6987

[Journal-full-title] Journal of cutaneous pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Cutan. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Currently, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received approval for the treatment of dermato-oncologic conditions like actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, in-situ squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in many countries all over the world.

Due to the easy accessibility of skin to light activation, incoherent lamps or LED arrays are suitable for PDT.

Either cytotoxic effects resulting in tumor destruction or immunomodulatory effects improving inflammatory skin conditions are induced.

Treating superficial non-melanoma skin cancer, PDT has been shown to be highly efficient despite the low level of invasiveness.

[MeSH-major] Photochemotherapy. Skin Diseases / drug therapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Humans

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(PMID = 16935788.001).

[ISSN] 1167-1122

[Journal-full-title] European journal of dermatology : EJD

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 80

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Molecular biology of malignant melanoma and other cutaneous tumors.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide.

In this review, we summarize the most important genetic changes contributing to the development of malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the main tumor entities arising in the skin.

While our understanding of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in the development and progression of skin tumors is still fragmentary, recent advances have shown alterations affecting conserved signalling pathways that control cellular proliferation and viability.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. Genes, Tumor Suppressor. Melanoma / pathology. Oncogenes. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 16870533.001).

[ISSN] 1699-048X

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Transl Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Spain

[Number-of-references] 23

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer.

Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality that has been shown to be effective mainly for the dermato-oncologic conditions: actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, in situ squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

For actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma, methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy is already approved in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and is now also approved for actinic keratosis in the US.

[MeSH-major] Photochemotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Bowen's Disease / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Humans. Photosensitizing Agents

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(PMID = 16396794.001).

[ISSN] 0001-5555

[Journal-full-title] Acta dermato-venereologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Derm. Venereol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Norway

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Photosensitizing Agents

[Number-of-references] 51

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Impact of radiographic findings on prognosis for skin carcinoma with clinical perineural invasion.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to correlate pretreatment computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies with outcomes for patients with squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin and clinical perineural invasion.

Patients were stratified as follows: imaging negative, 10 patients; minimal or moderate peripheral disease, 14 patients; and central and/or macroscopic disease, 21 patients.

RESULTS: The 5-year local control rates were as follows: imaging negative, 76%; minimal or moderate peripheral disease, 57%; and central and/or macroscopic disease, 25%.

The 5-year absolute and cause-specific survival rates were as follows: imaging negative, 90% and 100%, respectively; minimal or moderate peripheral disease, 50% and 56%, respectively; and central and/or macroscopic disease, 58% and 61%, respectively.

Patients who had imaging-positive minimal or moderate peripheral disease had a better local control rate but a similar survival rate compared with patients who had central and/or macroscopic disease.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / radiography. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiography. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / radiography

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Risk Assessment. Sampling Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Sex Factors. Survival Analysis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

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(PMID = 15693020.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Measurements of the anatomical distribution of erythemal ultraviolet: a study comparing exposure distribution to the site incidence of solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

The UV exposures were compared with existing data detailing the anatomical distribution of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and solar keratoses (SK).

Surface UV exposures to unprotected skin surfaces have been presented for each of the face, neck, arm, hand and leg assessing a total of 1453 body sites (2491 measurements).

Further analysis with existing facial BCC and SK density data did not however show a direct relationship with the measured UV exposures highlighting the importance of other factors influencing the causation and localisation of facial NMSC.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology. Keratosis / epidemiology. Skin / pathology. Ultraviolet Rays

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(PMID = 19639123.001).

[ISSN] 1474-905X

[Journal-full-title] Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes, arsenic exposure, and non-melanoma skin cancer in New Hampshire.

UV damage is specifically repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and common genetic variants in NER may increase risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

METHODS: Incident cases of basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC, respectively) were identified through a network of dermatologists and pathology laboratories across New Hampshire.

The analysis included 880 cases of BCC, 666 cases of SCC, and 780 controls.

RESULTS: There was an increased BCC risk associated with high arsenic exposure among those homozygous variant for XPA [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-3.7].

For XPD, having variation at both loci (312Asn and 751Gln) occurred less frequently among BCC and SCC cases compared with controls (OR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0) for both case groups.

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(PMID = 17687452.001).

[ISSN] 0091-6765

[Journal-full-title] Environmental health perspectives

[ISO-abbreviation] Environ. Health Perspect.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA057494; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA082354; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / P42 ES007373; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / T32 ES07155; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / P42 ES07373; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA57494; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / T32 ES007155; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA082354

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carcinogens; 0 / Environmental Pollutants; 0 / XPA protein, human; 0 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; EC 3.6.4.12 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; EC 5.99.- / ERCC2 protein, human; N712M78A8G / Arsenic

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1940098

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Controversies in the public health approach to keratinocyte carcinomas.

Keratinocyte carcinomas are very common cancers in fair-skinned populations throughout the world.

The term 'keratinocyte carcinoma' includes basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, but not other cancers that may be included under the more ambiguous term 'nonmelanoma skin cancer'.

Mortality from keratinocyte carcinoma reveals distinct patterns suggestive of an important role of human papilloma virus infection.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology. Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology

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(PMID = 16712708.001).

[ISSN] 0007-0963

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 1406-16-2 / Vitamin D

[Number-of-references] 12

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Metatypical basal cell carcinoma: a clinical review.

BACKGROUND: Metatypical cell carcinoma can be considered as a new entity of skin cancer, being an intermediate typology between basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

The behaviour of the metatypical cell carcinoma lies between these two varieties of skin cancer.

It is difficult to perform a differential diagnosis based on morphological and clinical features - therefore it is only possible by accurate histology.

METHODS: The authors have retrospectively analysed clinical records of 240 patients who were affected by metatypical skin cancer and who were treated by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: In this manuscript, the authors have emphasised the importance of conducting a differential diagnosis, and the importance of the specific treatment for metatypical skin cancer, even though more clinical studies and long-term follow-ups are required before establishing specific guidelines.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 18992138.001).

[ISSN] 1756-9966

[Journal-full-title] Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Number-of-references] 55

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2585560

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Solar UVR has many harmful and some beneficial effects on individuals and, in this review, information mainly published since the previous report in 2003 (F. R. de Gruijl, J.

Takizawa and J. C. van der Leun, Photochem. Photobiol.

The skin is also exposed directly to solar UVR, and the development of skin cancer is the main adverse health outcome of excessive UVR exposure.

Skin cancer is the most common form of malignancy amongst fair-skinned people, and its incidence has increased markedly in recent decades.

Several of the genetic factors affecting susceptibility to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma have been identified.

Exposure to solar UVR down-regulates immune responses, in the skin and systemically, by a combination of mechanisms including the generation of particularly potent subsets of T regulatory cells.

Such immunosuppression is known to be a crucial factor in the generation of skin cancers.

Various strategies that can be adopted by the individual to protect against excessive exposure of the eye or the skin to sunlight are suggested.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Eye / metabolism. Eye / radiation effects. Humans. Skin / metabolism. Skin / radiation effects. Vitamin D / metabolism

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[CommentIn] Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007 Aug;6(8):912-5; discussion 916-8 [17668123.001]

(PMID = 17344960.001).

[ISSN] 1474-905X

[Journal-full-title] Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 1406-16-2 / Vitamin D; 66H7ZZK23N / Ozone