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[Title] Expression of mismatch repair enzymes, hMLH1 and hMSH2 is not associated with microsatellite instability and P53 protein accumulation in basal cell carcinoma.

The role of MSI in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has not been clearly delineated yet. p53 gene as a target for ultraviolet radiation-induced mutations may enhance genomic instability in BCC, with loss of its function.

Our aim was to investigate the involvement of MSI and expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in parallel with P53 protein accumulation in the pathogenesis of BCC and its possible correlation to the clinicopathological features of the patients.

Alterations of the BAT-26 marker were observed in one fibroepithelioma of Pincus, one nodular and one multifocal superficial BCC.

A keratotic BCC showed an altered BAT-25 locus.

Two samples, a multifocal superficial and a nodular BCC, displayed MSI at two markers (BAT-25 and BAT-26; and BAT-25 and TGF-beta-RII, respectively).

Three more cases, a metatypical, a multifocal superficial and a signet ring BCC exhibited frameshift mutations in the TGF-beta-RII.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Carrier Proteins / metabolism. MutS Homolog 2 Protein / metabolism. Nuclear Proteins / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Genomic Instability / genetics. Humans. Male. Microsatellite Repeats / genetics. Protein Transport. Skin Neoplasms / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / metabolism. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 16012876.001).

[ISSN] 0340-3696

[Journal-full-title] Archives of dermatological research

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Dermatol. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / MLH1 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 3.6.1.3 / MSH2 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.3 / MutS Homolog 2 Protein

   

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METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane literature and relevant websites of guidelines development programmes and the national dermatological society to identify evidence-based dermatological guidelines especially in the treatment of to basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

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(PMID = 17894704.001).

[ISSN] 0926-9959

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV

[ISO-abbreviation] J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

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[Title] Polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes, arsenic exposure, and non-melanoma skin cancer in New Hampshire.

UV damage is specifically repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), and common genetic variants in NER may increase risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

METHODS: Incident cases of basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC, respectively) were identified through a network of dermatologists and pathology laboratories across New Hampshire.

The analysis included 880 cases of BCC, 666 cases of SCC, and 780 controls.

RESULTS: There was an increased BCC risk associated with high arsenic exposure among those homozygous variant for XPA [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-3.7].

For XPD, having variation at both loci (312Asn and 751Gln) occurred less frequently among BCC and SCC cases compared with controls (OR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0) for both case groups.

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(PMID = 17687452.001).

[ISSN] 0091-6765

[Journal-full-title] Environmental health perspectives

[ISO-abbreviation] Environ. Health Perspect.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA057494; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA082354; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / P42 ES007373; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / T32 ES07155; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / P42 ES07373; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA57494; United States / NIEHS NIH HHS / ES / T32 ES007155; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA082354

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carcinogens; 0 / Environmental Pollutants; 0 / XPA protein, human; 0 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; EC 3.6.4.12 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; EC 5.99.- / ERCC2 protein, human; N712M78A8G / Arsenic

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1940098

   

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[Title] Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach.

Electroporation uses pulsed, high-intensity electric fields to temporarily increase cell membrane permeability by creation of pores, through which small molecules, such as chemotherapeutic agents, can diffuse inside cells before they reseal.

ECT has already been proven to be effective in diverse tumor histotypes, including melanoma and basal and squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and breast cancer, also in those cases nonresponding to classical chemotherapies or other loco-regional treatment modalities, with a good safety profile.

ECT can be proposed as loco-regional therapy for disseminated cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions as alternative treatment modality to conventional therapies or as palliative care, in order to improve patients' quality of life.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage. Electrochemotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Bleomycin / administration & dosage. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Humans. Skin / pathology. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

(PMID = 21054709.001).

[ISSN] 1529-8019

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Ther

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 11056-06-7 / Bleomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin

   

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[Title] Study of cutaneous cell carcinomas ex vivo using ultrasound biomicroscopic images.

In this sense, several studies are being conducted for the measurement of cutaneous tumor sizes and for the evaluation of their response to therapeutic procedures.

The present work was conducted to analyze the ability of UBM to identify diverse histological structures associated with cutaneous carcinomas ex vivo regarding the evaluation of the technique as a diagnostic tool that could, eventually, improve the patient's healthcare protocol.

METHODS: Ex vivo human tissue samples, corresponding to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases, were studied.

RESULTS: The histological components present in the tumors were identified by variations in the echogenicity level for several of the studied cases and particular characteristics were observed for the different tumor types.

CONCLUSION: The possibility of differentiating the histological components associated with cutaneous carcinomas indicates the potential use of UBM for diagnostic applications.

[MeSH-major] Bowen's Disease / ultrasonography. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / ultrasonography. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / ultrasonography. Dermoscopy / methods. Skin Neoplasms / ultrasonography. Ultrasonography / methods

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[Copyright] © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

(PMID = 21039907.001).

[ISSN] 1600-0846

[Journal-full-title] Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)

[ISO-abbreviation] Skin Res Technol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

   

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METHODS: Illustrated review centered on diagnosis of the usual aspects and pitfalls of eyelid pathology divided into semiological chapters (tumors, blisters, erythema, etc.).

It is mainly centered on skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adnexal carcinomas, and melanoma).

A number of rare diseases deserve mention since their presence could lead to the diagnosis of internal or systemic diseases (dermatomyositis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester, etc.).

In such conditions, early diagnosis is often based on the observation of isolated periocular symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Even though topographic dermatology is a somewhat reductive vision of skin diseases, pathology of the eyelids deserves special mention because of its polymorphism as well as its diagnostic and/or therapeutic significance.

[MeSH-major] Eyelid Diseases / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Eyelid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Humans

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(PMID = 16885900.001).

[ISSN] 1773-0597

[Journal-full-title] Journal français d'ophtalmologie

[ISO-abbreviation] J Fr Ophtalmol

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 123

   

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[Title] Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck I: histopathology and clinical behavior.

Non-Melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most commonly encountered malignancy in almost every area of practice, but the cases that present to an Otolaryngology practice will be advanced in nature.

The major subtypes of NMSC include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, merkel cell carcinoma, and adnexal malignancies.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / pathology. Dermatofibrosarcoma / pathology. Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Neoplasm Metastasis. Organ Transplantation / adverse effects

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(PMID = 19239954.001).

[ISSN] 1532-818X

[Journal-full-title] American journal of otolaryngology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am J Otolaryngol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 123

   

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[Title] Radiotherapy of skin carcinomas of the pinna: a study of 115 lesions in 108 patients.

BACKGROUND: The possibility of treating skin carcinomas of the pinna with radiotherapy is somewhat under discussion and scarcely known.

Therefore the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dermatologic radiotherapy in a series of patients affected by basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna.

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 108 patients affected by 115 carcinomas of the pinna (99 basal cell carcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas) without involvement of the external auditory canal.

During follow up a relapse was observed in 12 lesions (all basal cell carcinomas): nine central and three marginal to the irradiation field.

CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained confirm the possibility of treating epithelial skin neoplasms of the pinna with dermatologic radiotherapy, which can afford high-remission percentages without damaging cartilaginous tissue.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Ear Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Ear, External. Skin Neoplasms / radiotherapy

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Esthetics. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / therapy. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 15941445.001).

[ISSN] 0011-9059

[Journal-full-title] International journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Immune protection, natural products, and skin cancer: is there anything new under the sun?

Non-melanoma skin cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are the most common types of human neoplasms, representing one third of all new malignancies diagnosed in the US.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in humans.

Aside from the mutagenic effects of UV radiation, there are suggestions from clinical studies and evidence in animal models that the immune system plays an important role in preventing skin cancer development and progression, and is suppressed by cutaneous exposure to UV radiation.

In this article, we review the research on new and existing agents that are being developed to protect the skin immune response from suppression by UV radiation.

[MeSH-major] Aloe. Antioxidants / therapeutic use. Carcinoma, Basal Cell. Phytotherapy. Skin Neoplasms. Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects

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(PMID = 16774102.001).

[ISSN] 1545-9616

[Journal-full-title] Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD

[ISO-abbreviation] J Drugs Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antioxidants; 0 / Flavonoids; 0 / Phenols; 0 / Polyphenols; 1406-18-4 / Vitamin E; PQ6CK8PD0R / Ascorbic Acid

[Number-of-references] 67

   

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Mohs micrographic surgery is often considered the treatment of choice for a variety of skin malignancies.

In recent years, the application of immunostaining techniques has facilitated the successful removal of a number of common and less common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, extramammary Paget's disease, and even sarcomas.

Immunostains highlight the tumor cells and allow the Mohs surgeons to pinpoint and eliminate the residual tumor at the surgical margin.

It is especially helpful when a tumor presents with subtle or nonspecific histologic features or when a tumor is masked in a pocket of dense inflammation.

[MeSH-major] Mohs Surgery / methods. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / surgery. Staining and Labeling / methods

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(PMID = 19018832.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4725

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 127

   

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[Title] Chemokine receptor expression in non-melanoma skin cancer.

Prior studies have shown that in metastatic melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck upregulation of CXC (alpha) chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 and CC (beta) chemokine receptor (CCR)7 expression is accompanied by downregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR6.

However, the expression patterns of CCR6, CCR7 and CXCR4 in non-melanoma skin cancer have yet to be elucidated.

METHODS: The expression patterns of CCR6, CCR7 and CXCR4 were determined using an immunohistochemical approach on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal, pre-cancerous actinic (solar) keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma tissues.

RESULTS: Analysis of chemokine receptor expression showed downregulation of CCR6 and upregulation of CCR7 and CXCR4 in potentially metastatic non-melanoma skin cancer, invasive squamous cell carcinoma, but this pattern did not exist in non-melanoma skin cancer with no metastatic potential, basal cell carcinoma; or actinic keratosis, when compared with normal skin.

CONCLUSIONS: Chemokine receptor expression may influence the biological behavior of non-melanoma skin cancer.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Keratosis / metabolism. Receptors, CCR6 / metabolism. Receptors, CCR7 / metabolism. Receptors, CXCR4 / metabolism. Skin Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Analysis of Variance. Biomarkers / metabolism. Down-Regulation. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Neoplasm Metastasis / physiopathology. Precancerous Conditions / metabolism. Precancerous Conditions / pathology. Skin / metabolism. Skin / pathology. Staining and Labeling. Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects. Up-Regulation

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(PMID = 18312436.001).

[ISSN] 1600-0560

[Journal-full-title] Journal of cutaneous pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Cutan. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / CCR6 protein, human; 0 / CCR7 protein, human; 0 / CXCR4 protein, human; 0 / Receptors, CCR6; 0 / Receptors, CCR7; 0 / Receptors, CXCR4

   

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[Title] Detection of new diagnostic markers in pathology by focus on growth-regulatory endogenous lectins. The case study of galectin-7 in squamous epithelia.

Lectins represent one of pivotal regulators of the cell proliferation The potential of galectin-7 as a new prognostic marker was studied in normal and transformed squamous epithelia of both ectodermal (epidermis, cornea vs. trichoepithelioma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma) and endodermal (vocal fold epithelium vs. carcinoma) origin.

Its expression is significantly reduced in malignant cells, thus galectin-7 might be a differentiation marker of epithelial malignancies.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Epithelium / chemistry. Galectins / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Cell Division / physiology. Cells, Cultured. Humans. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 16315769.001).

[ISSN] 1214-6994

[Journal-full-title] Prague medical report

[ISO-abbreviation] Prague Med Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Czech Republic

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Galectins; 0 / LGALS7 protein, human

   

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OBJECTIVE: It is unclear if skin cancer risk is affected by the use of immunomodulatory medications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

METHODS: The English language literature on PubMed was searched with a combination of phrases, including "malignancy," "skin cancer," "squamous cell carcinoma," "basal cell carcinoma," "melanoma," "psoriasis," "psoriatic arthritis," and "rheumatoid arthritis" in addition to the generic names of a variety of common immunomodulatory drugs.

Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors increases the rates of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in RA and psoriasis.

Methotrexate may increase the risk of malignant melanoma in patients with RA and the risk of NMSC in psoriasis.

More careful recording of skin cancer development during clinical trials and cohort studies is necessary to further delineate the risks of immunomodulatory therapy.

[MeSH-major] Arthritis, Psoriatic / therapy. Arthritis, Rheumatoid / therapy. Immunosuppression / adverse effects. Psoriasis / therapy. Skin Neoplasms / etiology

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(PMID = 20810498.001).

[ISSN] 0315-162X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of rheumatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Rheumatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Canada

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Immunologic Factors

   

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[Title] Modulation of basal and squamous cell carcinoma by endogenous estrogen in mouse models of skin cancer.

Patched1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1(+/-)) are useful for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) studies, being remarkably susceptible to BCC induction by ultraviolet or ionizing radiation.

Analogously, skin carcinogenesis-susceptible (Car-S) mice are elective for studies of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) induction.

We previously reported a striking effect of gender on BCC induction in Ptch1(+/-) mice, with total resistance of females; likewise, Car-S females show increased skin tumor resistance relative to males.

Here, we investigated the protective role of endogenous estrogen in skin keratinocyte tumorigenesis.

Control (CN) and ovariectomized Ptch1(+/-) or Car-S females were irradiated for BCC induction or topically treated with chemical carcinogens for SCC induction.

Susceptibility to BCC or SCC was dramatically increased in ovariectomized Ptch1(+/-) and Car-S females and restored to levels observed in males.

Remarkably, progression of initially benign papillomas to malignant SCC occurred only in ovariectomized Car-S females.

We explored the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and report overexpression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, downregulation of ERbeta and upregulation of cyclin D1 in papillomas from ovariectomized Car-S relative to papillomas from CN females.

Thus, an imbalanced ERalpha/ERbeta expression may be associated with estrogen-mediated modulation of non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, with a key role played by cyclin D1.

Our findings underscore a highly protective role of endogenous estrogen against skin tumorigenesis by diverse agents in two independent mouse models of skin cancer.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Estrogens / physiology. Skin Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology. Cyclin D1 / metabolism. Disease Models, Animal. Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism. Estrogen Receptor beta / metabolism. Female. Male. Mice. Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / metabolism. Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / pathology. Ovariectomy. Papilloma / metabolism. Papilloma / pathology. Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics. Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism. Ultraviolet Rays

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[CommentIn] Carcinogenesis. 2009 Apr;30(4):720 [19168587.001]

(PMID = 18952596.001).

[ISSN] 1460-2180

[Journal-full-title] Carcinogenesis

[ISO-abbreviation] Carcinogenesis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Estrogen Receptor alpha; 0 / Estrogen Receptor beta; 0 / Estrogens; 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; 0 / patched receptors; 136601-57-5 / Cyclin D1

   

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This paper reviews the role of mast cells in the development and progression of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Upon irradiation of the skin, trans-urocanic acid in the epidermis isomerizes to cis-urocanic acid, which stimulates neuropeptide release from neural c-fibers.

These neuropeptides in turn trigger histamine secretion from mast cells, leading to suppression of the cellular immune system. (2) Angiogenesis: Mast cells are the major source of vascular endothelial growth factor in basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor is one of the most potent angiogenic factors, which also induces leakage of other angiogenic factors across the endothelial cell wall into the matrix.

Mast cell proteases reorganize the stroma to facilitate endothelial cell migration.

As well, heparin, the dominant mast cell proteoglycan, assists in blood-borne metastasis. (3) Degradation of extracellular matrix: Through its own proteases, and indirectly via interaction with other cells, mast cells participate in degradation of the matrix, which is required for tumor spread. (4) Mitogenesis: Mast cell mediators including fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-8 are mitogenic to melanoma cells.

Emerging data, however, also suggest that mast cells might, in fact, have opposing roles in tumor biology, and the microenvironment could polarize mast cells to possess either promoting or inhibitory effects on tumors.

[MeSH-major] Mast Cells / physiology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / blood. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / blood supply. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood supply. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Humans. Melanoma / blood. Melanoma / blood supply. Melanoma / pathology. Neovascularization, Pathologic / physiopathology. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / blood

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(PMID = 16258517.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

[Number-of-references] 71

   

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[Title] Relationship of treatment delay with surgical defect size from keratinocyte carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin).

Larger keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) lesions are associated with higher morbidity.

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(PMID = 15675948.001).

[ISSN] 0022-202X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of investigative dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Invest. Dermatol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / K24 MH063975; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA078800; United States / AHRQ HHS / HS / T32 HS000011; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 78800

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS12744; NLM/ PMC1613794

   

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[Title] Basosquamous carcinoma: treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare tumor defined as a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) differentiating into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

METHODS: The prospective, multicenter case series included all patients in Australia treated with MMS for BSC, who were monitored by the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia between 1993 and 2002.

The tumors were diagnosed initially as BCC in 87.4% and as SCC in 12.0% of patients.

Of 98 patients who completed a 5-year follow-up period after MMS, 4 (4.1%) had disease recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: The low 5-year disease recurrence rate of BSC with MMS emphasized the importance of margin-controlled excision using MMS.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basosquamous / surgery. Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery. Mohs Surgery / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Arm. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Leg. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

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(PMID = 15929123.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1 associated with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in a Korean population.

Unrepaired damage can result in apoptosis or may lead to unregulated cell growth and cancer.

This hospital-based case-control study examined whether polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing groups 1 (XRCC1) (Arg194Trp[C > T], Arg280His[G > A] and Arg399Gln[G > A]) play a role in susceptibility to skin cancer.

We genotyped these polymorphisms for 212 histopathologically confirmed skin cancer cases (n = 114 basal cell carcinoma, n = 98 squamous cell carcinoma) and 207 age- and sex-matched healthy control cases in Korea.

We found that individuals with the Arg/Gln and Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln genotypes at XRCC1 Arg399Gln(G > A) had an approximately 2-fold increased risk of basal cell carcinoma compared to individuals with the Arg/Arg genotype (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-5.98, and AOR = 2.324, 95% CI 1.11-4.86).

However, we observed that the 194Trp allele of the Arg194Trp(C > T) polymorphism was inversely associated with squamous cell carcinoma risk (Trp/Trp, AOR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.006-0.63).

Our data suggest that the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms may be differentially associated with skin cancer risk.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics. Polymorphism, Genetic. Skin Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Asian Continental Ancestry Group / genetics. Case-Control Studies. Gene Frequency. Genetic Predisposition to Disease / ethnology. Genotype. Haplotypes. Humans. Korea. Middle Aged. Odds Ratio

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(PMID = 17355263.001).

[ISSN] 1347-9032

[Journal-full-title] Cancer science

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1

   

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BACKGROUND: In order to elucidate the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER3, the expression characteristics in different tissues of cutaneous malignancies and in normal skin were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study HER3 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry from different tissue specimens of cutaneous tumors like nevi, primary malignant melanomas, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma metastases and normal skin samples and graded into weak, moderate and strong expression.

Associations of tumor thickness in these specimens with HER3 expressions were also analyzed.

RESULTS: HER3 expression was found in 63% (10/16) of the basal cell carcinomas, in 4/5 of squamous cell carcinomas and in one Merkel cell carcinoma.

Within the group of different malignant melanomas, HER3 expression was detected in 35% of the nodular malignant melanomas (6/17) and in 9/19 of the superficial spreading melanomas, including 2 lentigo malignant melanomas.

The majority of melanomas with a higher tumor thickness expressed HER3, and 85% of melanoma metastasis were HER3-positive.

CONCLUSION: HER3 expression was associated with hyperproliferate tumor stages and suggested that HER3 expression could reflect an increased malignant potential in cutaneous lesions.

[MeSH-major] Skin Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Melanoma / genetics. Melanoma / metabolism. Neoplasm Metastasis. Nevus. Receptor, ErbB-3 / genetics. Receptor, ErbB-3 / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Skin / metabolism

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(PMID = 18507044.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-3

   

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[Title] Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the eyelid: a case report and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features, therapeutic method, and histopathological findings of a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the lower eyelid and review the literature about the mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the eye.

RESULTS: An 88-year-old man developed a painless, indurated nodule in the left lower eyelid for two years and ulceration of the skin existed for a year.

He underwent tumor resection and reconstruction of the eyelid.

By histopathology, tumor cells showed an admixture of epidermoid and mucus-secreting cells, which was consistent with mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the salivary glands, but rare in the eye tissues among which conjunctiva and lacrimal gland are most commonly involved.

It has a higher degree of malignancy than basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the eye is rare and has a high degree of malignancy.

It should be differentiated from other neoplasms such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

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(PMID = 17162853.001).

[ISSN] 1000-4432

[Journal-full-title] Yan ke xue bao = Eye science

[ISO-abbreviation] Yan Ke Xue Bao

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] China

[Number-of-references] 23

   

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[Title] Lack of evidence for basal or squamous cell carcinoma infection with Merkel cell polyomavirus in immunocompetent patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) was discovered by digital transcriptome subtraction as a monoclonal infection of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors.

Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the virus in other nonmelanoma skin cancers, however, has been inconsistent and controversial.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to directly assay for MCV infection in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumor cells by immunostaining for viral antigen.

METHODS: CM2B4, a monoclonal antibody to exon 2 peptides of MCV T antigen, was used to examine tumors from 20 patients with MCC with and without secondary SCC or BCC tumors.

RESULTS: MCV T antigen was readily detected in 15 (75%) of 20 MCC tumors including 11 MCC tumors from patients with secondary SCC or BCC.

In contrast to MCC, none of these secondary BCC or SCC was MCV T-antigen positive.

CONCLUSIONS: MCV T antigen is generally not expressed in BCC or SCC tumors from a population favored to have MCV infection, ie, those persons already given the diagnosis of MCV-positive MCC.

This suggests that episodic polymerase chain reaction detection of MCV genome in BCC or SCC tumors may represent coincidental rather than causal infection, and that these tumors share other noninfectious risk factors.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / virology. Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. Immunocompetence. Skin Neoplasms / virology

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20584559.001).

[ISSN] 1097-6787

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA120726; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA136363

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; 0 / DNA, Viral

   

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XP patients show severe sun sensitivity, freckling in sun exposed skin, and develop skin cancers already during childhood.

Clinical symptoms of TTD patients include sun sensitivity, freckling in sun exposed skin areas, and brittle sulfur-deficient hair.

In contrast to XP patients, CS and TTD patients are not skin cancer prone.

Studying these syndromes can increase the knowledge of skin cancer development including cutaneous melanoma as well as basal and squamous cell carcinoma in general that may lead to new preventional and therapeutic anticancer strategies in the normal population.

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(PMID = 16855787.001).

[ISSN] 1567-2379

[Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular histology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Histol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Number-of-references] 150

   

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[Title] Dermatological high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are among the most common cancers in humans.

We describe a new treatment for BCC and SCC.

METHODS: In total, 53 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of BCC and of SCC were enrolled for the treatment.

CONCLUSION: The results indicated that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for BCC and SCC.

[MeSH-major] Brachytherapy / methods. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Facial Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18681873.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2230

[Journal-full-title] Clinical and experimental dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Exp. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ointments; 7440-15-5 / Rhenium

   

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Specific penoscrotal neoplasias discussed in this article include invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, extramammary Paget disease, and granular cell tumor.

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Humans. Male. Paget Disease, Extramammary / surgery. Penile Neoplasms / surgery

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20674695.001).

[ISSN] 1558-318X

[Journal-full-title] The Urologic clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Urol. Clin. North Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] The use of paramedian forehead flap reconstruction after wide excision of basal cell carcinoma of the nose.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an indolent, slow-growing malignant skin tumour.

The nose is a common site for malignant skin tumours, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma because it is exposed to the sun.

Excision of the BCC will leave the nose with a soft tissue defect which requires reconstruction.

This report illustrates a case of BCC of nose whereby a wide excision and reconstruction was performed with a paramedian forehead flap.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Nose Neoplasms / surgery. Rhinoplasty / methods. Surgical Flaps

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(PMID = 19385500.001).

[ISSN] 0300-5283

[Journal-full-title] The Medical journal of Malaysia

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. J. Malaysia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Malaysia

   

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[Title] Predictors of skin-related quality of life after treatment of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of skin-related quality of life (QOL) after treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

SETTING: University-affiliated private practice and a Veterans Affairs clinic.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Skin-related QOL, measured with the 16-item version of Skindex-16, a validated measure.

RESULTS: Controlling for treatment group, the strongest independent predictor of skin-related QOL after treatment of NMSC was pretreatment skin-related QOL.

No tumor or care characteristic (including location of tumor, size of tumor, site of therapy, or training level of treating clinician [attending physician, resident, or nurse practitioner]) was found to predict better skin-related QOL after treatment of NMSC.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with better pretreatment skin-related QOL, less comorbidity, and better mental health status had better skin-related QOL after treatment of NMSC.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Quality of Life. Skin / physiopathology. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

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[CommentIn] Arch Dermatol. 2007 Nov;143(11):1429-32 [18025368.001]

[ErratumIn] Arch Dermatol. 2008 Feb;144(2):230

(PMID = 18025362.001).

[ISSN] 1538-3652

[Journal-full-title] Archives of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / K02 AR02203; United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / K24-AR052667

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Skin cancer of the head and neck.

The majority of skin cancers of the head and neck are nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC).

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most frequent types of NMSC.

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm of skin, and the ideal adjuvant therapy has not yet been found, although various options for treatment of skin cancer are available to the patient and physician, allowing high cure rate and excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes.

Sunscreen protection and early evaluation of suspicious areas remain the first line of defense against skin cancers.

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(PMID = 22550432.001).

[ISSN] 1535-2188

[Journal-full-title] Seminars in plastic surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Semin Plast Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3324239

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Basal cell carcinoma / Mohs' micrographic surgery / melanoma / nonmelanoma skin cancer / squamous cell carcinoma

   

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Currently, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received approval for the treatment of dermato-oncologic conditions like actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, in-situ squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in many countries all over the world.

Due to the easy accessibility of skin to light activation, incoherent lamps or LED arrays are suitable for PDT.

Either cytotoxic effects resulting in tumor destruction or immunomodulatory effects improving inflammatory skin conditions are induced.

Treating superficial non-melanoma skin cancer, PDT has been shown to be highly efficient despite the low level of invasiveness.

[MeSH-major] Photochemotherapy. Skin Diseases / drug therapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Humans

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(PMID = 16935788.001).

[ISSN] 1167-1122

[Journal-full-title] European journal of dermatology : EJD

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 80

   

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Changes in life style over the past several decades including much of the time spent outdoors and the use of tanning devices for cosmetic purposes by individuals have led to an increase in the incidence of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin diseases including the risk of skin cancers.

Solar UV radiations are considered as the most prevalent environmental carcinogens, and chronic exposure of the skin to UV leads to squamous and basal cell carcinoma and melanoma in human population.

Silymarin is one of them and extensively studied for its skin photoprotective capabilities.

), and has been shown to have chemopreventive effects against photocarcinogenesis in mouse tumor models.

Topical treatment of silymarin inhibited photocarcinogenesis in mice in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity and growth of the tumors.

It is suggested that silymarin may favorably supplement sunscreen protection, and may be useful for skin diseases associated with solar UV radiation-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and immunomodulatory effects.

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(PMID = 20372777.001).

[ISSN] 1791-2423

[Journal-full-title] International journal of oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R03 CA105368-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R03 CA105368; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R03 CA105368-02; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA105368-02; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA105368-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA105368

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents; 0 / Antioxidants; 0 / Carcinogens; 0 / Plant Extracts; 0 / Silymarin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS184206; NLM/ PMC2852174

   

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[Title] Perineural invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma: raising awareness and optimizing management.

BACKGROUND: Perineural invasion (PNI) by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an infrequent but not rare complication of traditionally low-morbidity skin cancers that can lead to catastrophic sequelae; 2.5% to 14% of CSCC and approximately 3% of BCC exhibit PNI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of PNI treated with MMS and radiotherapy were reviewed for recurrence, disease-free follow-up, and adverse events.

When managing superficial skin tumors with PNI, a multidisciplinary team including a cutaneous surgeon and a radiation oncologist familiar with PNI is recommended.

[MeSH-major] Bell Palsy / etiology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / complications. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / therapy. Skin Neoplasms / complications. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Mohs Surgery. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Peripheral Nerves

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(PMID = 19018830.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4725

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Management of periocular basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 485 cases.

PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome of management of patients with basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in a tertiary referral eye center in Sydney, Australia.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival period free of tumor, incomplete excision, recurrences, type of closure, and complications.

Morpheaform type of BCC (chi(2)P < .001), and medial canthus location BCCs (chi(2)P < .05) were associated with a higher incomplete resection rate.

Twenty-seven patients (5.6%) had a recurrent tumor.

CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of a tertiary referral center, incomplete primary resection of an eyelid skin cancer is the main risk factor for recurrence.

Incomplete resection is significantly associated with medial canthus location and morpheaform type of BCC and with moderately differentiated SCC.

MMS is the safer technique after incomplete tumor excision.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Eyelid Neoplasms / surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 16876511.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9394

[Journal-full-title] American journal of ophthalmology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Ophthalmol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA in Merkel cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive tumour for which an increasing incidence has been reported.

A new human polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), was recently isolated from these tumours by applying digital transcriptome subtraction methodology.

METHODS: Nine primary or recurrent MCCs from seven patients were examined; 29 other tumours (squamous cell, basal cell and basosquamous carcinomas and malignant melanomas) were examined for comparative purposes.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, Viral, Tumor / genetics. Capsid Proteins / genetics. Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / virology. Polyomaviridae / genetics. Polyomavirus Infections / virology. Skin Neoplasms / virology

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(PMID = 19438857.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2133

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Viral, Tumor; 0 / Capsid Proteins

   

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[Title] [Relevance of cell culture models in cutaneous tumour biology. Part I: tumour cell lines].

[Transliterated title] Stellenwert der Zellkulturmodelle in kutaner Tumorbiologie. Teil I: Zelllinien tumorigen transformierter Zellen.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, much like all other human solid tumors, result from a multi-step process in which genetic and epigenetic changes accumulate in the affected cells.

Cell culture models are a very valuable experimental system.

Tumor cell lines display similar functional hierarchy as tumors or tissues in vivo and can, consequently, provide a crucial source of minor cell subsets, like tumor stem cells.

Progression series of clonally related cell lines offer the opportunity to follow the process of sequential acquisition of transformation-related traits up to the development of properties with direct clinical equivalents, like tumorigenicity and metastatic competence.

While for most studies, human transformed cell lines are the model of choice, there are questions for which animal cell lines are strongly preferred, such as interactions between the tumor and the immune system.

To properly interpret the results of all experiments with classical two-dimensional cell culture, a possible danger of artifacts due to grossly unnatural environment must be constantly taken into account.

[MeSH-major] Cell Line, Tumor / pathology. Cell Line, Tumor / physiology. Disease Models, Animal. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / physiopathology

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(PMID = 18058078.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1173

[Journal-full-title] Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

[ISO-abbreviation] Hautarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 64

   

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[Title] Topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review to determine clearance rates and adverse effects of topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and to develop recommendations for the use of topical imiquimod or fluorouracil to treat BCC and SCC.

STUDY SELECTION: Prospective, retrospective, and case studies in English containing a minimum of 4 subjects and a 6-month follow-up or posttreatment histologic evaluation.

DATA EXTRACTION: We calculated the rate of clearance and adverse effects for BCC subtypes and invasive and in situ SCC treated with topical imiquimod or fluorouracil.

Imiquimod use produced the following clearance rates: 43% to 100% for superficial BCC, 42% to 100% for nodular BCC, 56% to 63% for infiltrative BCC, 73% to 88% for SCC in situ, and 71% for invasive SCC.

Fluorouracil use produced the following clearance rates: 90% for superficial BCC and 27% to 85% for SCC in situ.

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence supports the use of topical imiquimod as monotherapy for superficial BCC and topical fluorouracil as monotherapy for superficial BCC and SCC in situ.

[MeSH-major] Aminoquinolines / pharmacokinetics. Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Fluorouracil / pharmacokinetics. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

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(PMID = 20026854.001).

[ISSN] 1538-3652

[Journal-full-title] Archives of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch Dermatol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aminoquinolines; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 99011-02-6 / imiquimod; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Number-of-references] 47

   

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[Title] [Reasons for the increased incidence of skin cancer].

The cutaneous malignancies with an increasing incidence in Japan are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

According to a nationwide questionnaire survey (responses from 94 centers), basal cell carcinoma has the highest incidence and accounts for nearly 50% of all skin malignancies, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (31%) and malignant melanoma (21%).

The number of cases of each tumor has grown annually, and comparison of the percent increases between 1987 and 2001 shows an increase of about 1.5-fold for basal cell carcinoma or 1.7-fold for squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma.

Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the Malignant Skin Tumor Research Group has been investigating the factors behind these increases by detailed statistical analysis of data obtained from 1987 onwards from designated centers (19-22 centers).

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology. Melanoma / epidemiology. Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology. Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects

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(PMID = 17033224.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

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[Title] Photosensitizing medication use and risk of skin cancer.

Whether use of these medications affects skin cancer risk, however, is unclear.

METHODS: Using a cohort of all Danish residents ≥15 years old in 1995 to 2006 (n = 4,761,749) and information from Danish national registers, we examined associations between use of photosensitizing medications and risk of basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous malignant melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

RESULTS: Users of only 2 of 19 medications for long-term use (methyldopa and furosemide) had both a ≥20% increased risk of skin cancer (compared with nonusers) and an increase in risk with increasing duration of use; these effects were limited to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively.

In contrast, 8 of 10 medications for short-term use were associated with both a ≥20% increased risk of skin cancer and an increase in risk with increasing use for at least one of the four cancers.

CONCLUSION: We found little evidence of an increased risk of skin cancer among users of photosensitizing medications for long-term daily use, but could not rule out the possibility that users of some photosensitizing medications for short-term use may have an increased risk of skin cancer.

Our study examined the effect of a wide range of photosensitizing medications on skin cancer risk and suggests that future work should focus on photosensitizing medications for short-term use.

[MeSH-major] Photosensitivity Disorders / chemically induced. Prescription Drugs / adverse effects. Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology. Skin Neoplasms / etiology

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[Copyright] ©2010 AACR.

(PMID = 20861398.001).

[ISSN] 1538-7755

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Prescription Drugs

   

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[Title] Multimodal confocal microscopy for diagnosing nonmelanoma skin cancers.

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: The standard diagnostic procedure for skin cancers is invasive biopsy followed by histopathological evaluation.

In this study, the suitability of dye-enhanced multimodal confocal microscopy for the detection of nonmelanoma skin cancers was evaluated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the experiments we used fresh tumor material stained using 0.2 mg/ml or 0.05 mg/ml aqueous solutions of methylene blue (MB) or toluidine blue (TB), respectively.

Reflectance, fluorescence, and fluorescence polarization images of skin specimens stained with MB and TB were excited by 656 nm and 633 nm light, respectively.

In total we imaged, analyzed, and compared to histology at least 10 samples of each tumor-type including nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC), infiltrative basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morphological features and appearance of skin structures in the fluorescence images correlate well with corresponding histology for all investigated tumor-types.

Our results indicate the feasibility of using multimodal confocal microscopy as real-time tool for detecting skin pathology.

[MeSH-major] Microscopy, Confocal. Skin Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Coloring Agents. Diagnosis, Differential. Equipment Design. Humans. In Vitro Techniques. Methylene Blue. Staining and Labeling. Tolonium Chloride

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[Copyright] 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

(PMID = 17960751.001).

[ISSN] 0196-8092

[Journal-full-title] Lasers in surgery and medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Lasers Surg Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Coloring Agents; 15XUH0X66N / Tolonium Chloride; T42P99266K / Methylene Blue

   

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[Title] Incidence of skin cancers during 5-year follow-up after stopping antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplementation.

CONTEXT: In the SU.VI.MAX study, antioxidant supplementation for 7.5 years was found to increase skin cancer risk in women but not in men.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential residual or delayed effect of antioxidant supplementation on skin cancer incidence after a 5-year post-intervention follow-up.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Assessment of skin cancer including melanoma and non-melanoma during the post-intervention follow-up (September 2002-August 2007).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total skin cancer incidence, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Six squamous cell carcinomas were found in women and 15 in men (10 and 25, respectively, for the total period).

Finally, 40 basal cell carcinomas appeared in women and 36 in men (98 and 94, respectively, for the total period).

No delayed effects, either on melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancers, were observed for either gender.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of skin cancers associated with antioxidant intake declines following interruption of supplementation.

This supports a causative role for antioxidants in the evolution of skin cancers.

[MeSH-major] Antioxidants / adverse effects. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / epidemiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology. Melanoma / epidemiology. Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology. Vitamins / adverse effects

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20605091.001).

[ISSN] 1879-0852

[Journal-full-title] European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] ClinicalTrials.gov/ NCT00272428

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antioxidants; 0 / Vitamins

   

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BACKGROUND: Atypical cellular neurothekeoma is a rare neoplasm generally regarded as a benign tumor with locally aggressive behavior.

Recurrence is common with inadequate excision, but metastatic disease has yet to be reported.

RESULTS: The neoplasm was extirpated in a three-stage, five section Mohs surgery procedure.

CONCLUSION: Mohs micrographic surgery is unsurpassed in its efficacy in treating a wide variety of nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Although most commonly used to address basal and squamous cell carcinoma, it has also been reported as a successful treatment for melanoma and a wide variety of cutaneous malignancies.

Debate in the literature is ongoing regarding the true histogenesis of this rare tumor.

Because of this tumor's local destructive behavior and propensity to recur with inadequate resection, we recommend Moths micrographic surgery for the treatment of cellular neurothekeomas.

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[CommentIn] Dermatol Surg. 2008 Mar;34(3):428 [18248473.001]

(PMID = 16681671.001).

[ISSN] 1076-0512

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 21

   

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[Title] The effect of c-myc on stem cell fate influences skin tumor phenotype.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) consist of a variety of tumor types including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, a variety of hair follicle tumors, and sebaceous gland tumors.

Our goal in the current study was to determine if alterations in the commitment of multipotent stem cells to different cell fates would influence tumor phenotype.

[MeSH-major] Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / genetics. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Stem Cells / pathology

[MeSH-minor] 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / toxicity. Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous / pathology. Animals. Carcinogens / toxicity. Cell Differentiation / genetics. Cell Lineage / genetics. Crosses, Genetic. Female. Heterozygote. Male. Mice. Mice, Inbred ICR. Mice, Inbred Strains. Mice, Transgenic. Multipotent Stem Cells / pathology. Papilloma / pathology. Phenotype. Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology. Transgenes

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(PMID = 20146250.001).

[ISSN] 1098-2744

[Journal-full-title] Molecular carcinogenesis

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Carcinog.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / AR47898; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA09197; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA105491; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA52607; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA79998

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carcinogens; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; 57-97-6 / 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; NI40JAQ945 / Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

   

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They are then able to check other sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, scalp, back and limbs to discover any other lesions or more serious problems of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma the would require referral, sometimes urgently, to a dermatologist for full assessment and treatment.

[MeSH-major] Keratosis / nursing. Skin Neoplasms / nursing. Sunlight / adverse effects

[MeSH-minor] Community Health Nursing. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Nursing Diagnosis. Protective Clothing. Risk Factors. Sunscreening Agents

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(PMID = 20216512.001).

[ISSN] 1462-4753

[Journal-full-title] British journal of community nursing

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Community Nurs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Sunscreening Agents

[Number-of-references] 13

   

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[Title] Treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer.

Non melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) are becoming more common.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 19755949.001).

[ISSN] 0392-0488

[Journal-full-title] Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Società italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia

[ISO-abbreviation] G Ital Dermatol Venereol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Number-of-references] 38

   

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Two patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, one patient with actinic keratosis, one with intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (Bowen's disease) and one patient had concomitant squamous cell carcinoma and intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma.

In our experience, it is a safe and effective treatment for periocular lesions, including actinic keratosis, intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

To our knowledge, this is the first published description of the successful use of 5% Imiquimod in treating moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid.

[MeSH-major] Aminoquinolines / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Eyelid Neoplasms / drug therapy. Keratosis, Actinic / drug therapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Topical. Aged. Bowen's Disease / drug therapy. Bowen's Disease / pathology. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Ophthalmic Solutions. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 20394545.001).

[ISSN] 1744-5108

[Journal-full-title] Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

[ISO-abbreviation] Orbit

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aminoquinolines; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Ophthalmic Solutions; 99011-02-6 / imiquimod

   

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Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of developing skin cancers.

This article will review and discuss management issues for the following malignancies: lymphomas, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

[MeSH-major] HIV Infections / complications. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Humans. Lymphoma / complications. Lymphoma / diagnosis. Lymphoma / therapy. Melanoma / complications. Melanoma / diagnosis. Melanoma / therapy. Sarcoma, Kaposi / complications. Sarcoma, Kaposi / diagnosis. Sarcoma, Kaposi / therapy

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(PMID = 15842615.001).

[ISSN] 1396-0296

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Ther

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Number-of-references] 148

   

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[Title] Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) in basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD56 / biosynthesis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism

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(PMID = 18798745.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4725

[Journal-full-title] Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Dermatol Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD56

   

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The DeltaN-p63 isoforms of p63, which are believed to behave as oncogenes, are expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma.

We studied 66 cases of thymoma (1 type A, 8 type AB, 12 type B1, 19 type B2, 12 type B3, and 14 type C/thymic carcinoma) and 10 specimens of normal human thymus arranged in tissue microarrays.

All thymomas (including thymic carcinomas) were positive for p63 regardless of type.

[MeSH-major] DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis. Thymoma / metabolism. Thymus Gland / chemistry. Thymus Neoplasms / metabolism. Trans-Activators / biosynthesis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17276940.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9173

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / TP63 protein, human; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins

   

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[Title] Photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer.

Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality that has been shown to be effective mainly for the dermato-oncologic conditions: actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, in situ squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

For actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma, methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy is already approved in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and is now also approved for actinic keratosis in the US.

[MeSH-major] Photochemotherapy. Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Bowen's Disease / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Humans. Photosensitizing Agents

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(PMID = 16396794.001).

[ISSN] 0001-5555

[Journal-full-title] Acta dermato-venereologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Derm. Venereol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Norway

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Photosensitizing Agents

[Number-of-references] 51

   

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Only one patient had the diagnosis of chronic leukemia, others had no preexisting history of systemic disease.

Three patients had abnormal pathology: Lymphoproliferative disease in the patient with chronic leukemia, granulomatous inflammation, and basosquamous cell carcinoma.

Even though rare, malignant or systemic disease in patients with neither specific history nor clinical or radiological finding might be observed in these cases.

Thus, we recommend taking biopsy if any suspicion of abnormality of the lacrimal sac exists.

[MeSH-major] Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / diagnosis. Nasolacrimal Duct / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biopsy. Child. Dacryocystorhinostomy. Female. Humans. Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged. Prospective Studies. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20704489.001).

[ISSN] 1744-5108

[Journal-full-title] Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

[ISO-abbreviation] Orbit

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] Nutrition and nonmelanoma skin cancers.

The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is increasing every year.

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two major types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Among other factors, understanding the potential role of nutrients in the development, progression, and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer is critical.

This contribution provides a review of the nutrients that have been more extensively investigated in the literature with regard to nonmelanoma skin cancer, including dietary fats, retinol, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, copper, iron, zinc, green tea, and black tea.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell. Diet. Micronutrients / administration & dosage. Skin Neoplasms

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 21034989.001).

[ISSN] 1879-1131

[Journal-full-title] Clinics in dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dietary Fats; 0 / Micronutrients; 0 / Tea; 11103-57-4 / Vitamin A; 1406-16-2 / Vitamin D; 1406-18-4 / Vitamin E; 36-88-4 / Carotenoids; 789U1901C5 / Copper; E1UOL152H7 / Iron; H6241UJ22B / Selenium; J41CSQ7QDS / Zinc; PQ6CK8PD0R / Ascorbic Acid

   

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[Title] Basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Psoriasis / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Eyelid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Humans

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(PMID = 17283757.001).

[ISSN] 0032-6518

[Journal-full-title] The Practitioner

[ISO-abbreviation] Practitioner

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 10