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[Title] Frequent HRK inactivation associated with low apoptotic index in secondary glioblastomas.

To detect and identify the genetic alterations and methylation status of the HRK gene in human glioblastomas, we analyzed a cohort of astrocytic tumors for hypermethylation, loss of heterozygosity on 12q13.1, and gene expression.

Our study examined a series of 36 diffuse low-grade astrocytomas, 32 anaplastic astrocytomas, 64 primary glioblastomas, and 28 secondary glioblastomas that had evolved from either 24 low-grade diffuse astrocytomas or 4 anaplastic astrocytomas.

The region around the HRK transcription start site was methylated in 19% of diffuse astrocytomas, in 22% of anaplastic astrocytomas, in 27% of primary glioblastomas, and in 43% of secondary glioblastomas.

Reverse transcription-PCR analysis also demonstrated a clear agreement between reduced HRK protein levels and low or absent HRK transcripts.

Lack of HRK immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with a low apoptotic index, whereas a strong association between methylation status and apoptosis was found only in secondary glioblastomas.

Abnormal methylation of HRK was detected in astrocytic tumors concurrent with methylation of multiple genes, including p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF).

Our findings suggest that HRK is inactivated mainly by aberrant DNA methylation in astrocytic tumors and that reduced HRK expression contributes to the loss of apoptotic control in high-grade tumors.

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(PMID = 16155764.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6322

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; 0 / HRK protein, human; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

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The only clinical relevant meaning of this histologic diagnosis was the observation that the prognosis of OD was in general better than that of astrocytic tumors of similar grade.

Observations have led to the current tendency to consider 1p/19q loss low-grade and anaplastic oligodendroglioma a separate biologic entity, at least within clinical trials, since they have a much better outcome.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

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(PMID = 17964027.001).

[ISSN] 0733-8619

[Journal-full-title] Neurologic clinics

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol Clin

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

[Number-of-references] 75

   

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, various approaches, and outcomes in a retrospective review of a large series of temporomediobasal (TMB) tumors.

METHODS: Charts from 235 patients with TMB tumors were identified from the glioma and epilepsy surgery database and from the electronic operations log.

The largest tumor groups were astrocytomas (38.0%), gangliogliomas (29.8%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (11.1%), and glioblastomas (11.1%).

The most frequent tumor location was the mesial Type A tumor (45.1%), with this type also showing the highest proportion of benign (World Health Organization Grades I and II) histological features (91.3%).

Larger tumor size was associated with higher frequency of malignant histopathological findings.

Thirty-eight patients with low-grade tumors had undergone surgery previously.

CONCLUSION: Small tumor size, magnetic resonance imaging, and microsurgery have made resection of mostly benign TMB tumors possible in a large number of patients.

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[ReprintIn] Neurosurgery. 2008 Jun;62(6 Suppl 3):1272-82 [18695547.001]

(PMID = 17290179.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4040

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Apoptosis and proliferation: correlation with p53 in astrocytic tumours.

We, as well as several other groups, have earlier demonstrated the association of p53 immunopositivity with increased degree of cell proliferation in astrocytic tumours.

Here we have studied the extent of apoptosis in 62 primary human astrocytic tumours [25 Diffuse Astrocytoma (DA), 9 Anaplastic Astrocytoma (AA) and 28 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)] in relation to tumour grade, proliferative status and p53 protein expression.

However this was not observed in p53 +ve GBM or in low grade DA either p53 positive or negative.

Taking p53 negativity in IHC as evidence of a functional gene/protein, this extends the link between proliferation and apoptosis, hitherto observed only in cultured cells with functional p53, to a subset of solid tumours.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Glioblastoma / pathology. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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(PMID = 15981097.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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METHODS: Twenty flash-frozen surgical specimens obtained from adult patients who underwent craniotomy for microsurgical tumor resection, histologically verified as World Health Organization Grade II to IV astrocytomas, were used.

Expression of TRF1 in astrocytomas of different grades was studied by means of both immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis.

RESULTS: TRF1 was expressed in all tumor samples.

The level of its expression was variable, decreasing from low-grade through high-grade astrocytomas (P = 0.0032).

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the loss of TRF1 expression capability, as a result of down-regulation of TRF1 expression in malignant gliomas cells, may play a role in the malignant progression of astroglial brain tumors.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 / genetics

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(PMID = 15792519.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4040

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1

   

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[Title] CXCL12 expression is predictive of a shorter time to tumor progression in low-grade glioma: a single-institution study in 50 patients.

The clinical course of 50 patients with low-grade glioma (31 male, 19 female) undergoing surgery at a single Institution from 1992 to 1996 was analyzed in relationship with known prognostic factors as far as time to tumor progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) are concerned.

Histology revealed 11 fibrillary, 6 protoplasmatic, 5 gemistocytic astrocytoma, 18 oligoastrocytoma and 10 oligodendroglioma.

Of the remaining 46, twenty-four have shown disease progression and 14 have died.

Complete gross tumor removal was associated to a longer TTP (P = 0.04 logrank).

Of the investigated immunohistochemical parameters, while MVD was not predictive of subsequent TTP, expression of CXCL12 was associated with a significantly shorter TTP (P = 0.01 logrank): this predictive value remained significant (P = 0.02) at multivariate analysis.

The data suggest the possible prognostic value for CXCL-12 (an angiogenesis- and tumor-growth-related chemokine) on TTP in low-grade gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Chemokines, CXC / biosynthesis. Glioma / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Chemokine CXCL12. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Infant. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16132525.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / CXCL12 protein, human; 0 / Chemokine CXCL12; 0 / Chemokines, CXC

   

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Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent earlier approved for recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the USA and Europe in 2005.

The early preliminary evidence for activity in recurrent malignant gliomas further resulted in a broad evaluation of TMZ for other tumors in neuro-oncology, mainly low-grade gliomas, brain metastases and primary cerebral lymphomas.

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(PMID = 16556052.001).

[ISSN] 1479-6694

[Journal-full-title] Future oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Future Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Number-of-references] 31

   

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[Title] Spontaneous immune responses against glioma-associated antigens in a long term survivor with malignant glioma.

BACKGROUND: In patients with high grade glioma, little is known regarding existence of naturally occurring adaptive T cell reactivity against glioma-associated antigens (GAAs).

In this report, we characterized GAA-specific CD8+ T cells and innate immune cells in a patient who has survived with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) for over 12 years without recurrence.

RESULTS: The patient's tumor expressed both EphA2 and IL-13Ralpha2, and in vitro stimulated PBMC demonstrated superior EphA2883-891 and IL-13Ralpha2345-353-specific CTL reactivity compared to PBMC samples from two other patients with progressing malignant glioma.

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(PMID = 18093336.001).

[ISSN] 1479-5876

[Journal-full-title] Journal of translational medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Transl Med

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA100327; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / P01 NS040923; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / P01 NS40923

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / HLA-A2 Antigen

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2244605

   

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[Title] Correlation of amino-acid uptake using methionine PET and histological classifications in various gliomas.

OBJECTIVE: The uptake of L-methyl-11C-methionine (MET) by gliomas is greater than that by intact tissue, making methionine very useful for evaluation of tumor extent.

METHODS: We performed this study on 67 glioma patients between 3 and 69 years of age (36 males and 31 females).

Tumors included diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, choroid plexus papilloma, central neurocytoma, optic glioma, gliomatosis cerebri, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and ganglioglioma.

Tumor activity and degree of malignancy were evaluated using Ki-67LI (LI: labeling index) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

The correlations between methionine uptake and tumor proliferation (tumor versus contralateral gray matter ratio (T/N) and Ki-67LI) were determined for the group of all subjects.

The existence of significant correlations between T/N and Ki-67LI and between SUV and Ki-67LI was determined for astrocytic tumors.

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of T/N and standardized uptake value (SUV) was performed for the group of astrocytic tumors.

RESULTS: For the 67 cases of glioma, the degree of accumulation was variable.

Ki-67LI differed significantly between the high-grade group and low-grade group at T/N levels between 1.5 and 1.8 on analysis using tumor proliferative potential (p = 0.019-0.031).

The prognosis differed significantly between the high-grade and low-grade groups when T/N was in the range of 1.6-1.8 (p = 0.028-0.032).

CONCLUSIONS: When analysis was confined to cases of astrocytic tumor, a correlation was noted between methionine accumulation and Ki-67LI.

For the astrocytic tumors, T/N ratio seemed to be more useful as a diagnostic indicator than SUV.

The cut-off level of T/N ratio for distinction between high-grade and low-grade astrocytoma appears to lie between 1.5 and 1.6.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Glioma / pathology. Glioma / radionuclide imaging. Methionine / pharmacokinetics. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods

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(PMID = 16444993.001).

[ISSN] 0914-7187

[Journal-full-title] Annals of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 58576-49-1 / carbon-11 methionine; AE28F7PNPL / Methionine

   

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[Title] [Diffusion tensor imaging of the white matter tracts in preoperative patients with cerebral neoplasm].

METHODS: Four female and 8 male patients aged from 21 to 62 years with brain malignancies (2 malignant lymphomas, 2 low-grade astrocytomas, and 8 high-grade cerebral gliomas) underwent conventional contrast-enhanced MR and DTI examinations before operation.

The DTI patterns in WMT altered by the tumor were categorized on the basis of FA1/FA2 ratio as follows: pattern 1, FA1/FA2> or =75% with normal or only slightly decreased FA; pattern 2, 50%< or =FA1/FA2<75% with WMT displacement; pattern 3, 25%< or =FA1/FA2/50% with WMT involvement; pattern 4, FA1/FA2<25% with WMT destruction.

CONCLUSIONS: DTI allows for visualization of WMT and benefits surgical planning for patients with intrinsic brain tumor.

There is a positive relationship between the bilateral FA ratio (FA1/FA2) variation and WMT alterations resulting from the tumor.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Glioblastoma / diagnosis. Glioma / diagnosis. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Nerve Fibers / radiography. Neural Pathways / radiation effects. Preoperative Care. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 17121724.001).

[ISSN] 1673-4254

[Journal-full-title] Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University

[ISO-abbreviation] Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Natural history and management of brainstem gliomas in adults. A retrospective Italian study.

Brainstem gliomas in adults are rare tumors, with heterogeneous clinical course; only a few studies in the MRI era describe the features in consistent groups of patients.

In this retrospective study, we report clinical features at onset, imaging characteristics and subsequent course in a group of 34 adult patients with either histologically proven or clinico-radiologically diagnosed brainstem gliomas followed at two centers in Northern Italy.

In 21 of the patients histology was obtained and in 20 it was informative (2 pilocytic astrocytoma, 9 low-grade astrocytoma, 8 anaplastic astrocytoma and 1 glioblastoma).

Only minor radiological responses were observed after treatments; in a significant proportion of patients (9 out of 15) clinical improvement during therapy occurred in the context of radiologically (MRI) stable disease.

Grade III or IV myelotoxicity was observed in 6 patients.

After a follow-up ranging from 9 to 180 months, all but 2 patients have progressed and 14 have died (12 for disease progression, 2 for pulmonary embolism).

Investigation of putative prognostically relevant parameters showed that a short time between disease onset and diagnosis was related to a shorter survival.

Compared with literature data, our study confirms the clinical and radiological heterogeneity of adult brainstem gliomas and underscores the need for multicenter trials in order to assess the efficacy of treatments in these tumors.

[MeSH-major] Brain Stem Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Stem Neoplasms / therapy. Glioma / pathology. Glioma / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Brain / pathology. Disease Progression. Female. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Humans. Image Processing, Computer-Assisted. Italy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Positron-Emission Tomography. Prognosis. Radiopharmaceuticals. Retrospective Studies. Spinal Cord / pathology. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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[Cites] J Neurosurg. 2006 Feb;104(2 Suppl):108-14 [16506498.001]

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(PMID = 18293027.001).

[ISSN] 0340-5354

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

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[Title] Surveillance imaging strategies following surgery and/or radiotherapy for childhood cerebellar low-grade astrocytoma.

OBJECT: The authors sought to evaluate surveillance strategies for the detection and monitoring of residual and recurrent disease in children with cerebellar low-grade astrocytomas (CLGAs) treated surgically or with radiotherapy.

(2) those with residual disease with no immediate adjuvant therapy; and (3) those who received radiotherapy for residual/recurrent disease.

Eighty-four children were followed for a mean period of 73 months (range 2-159 months).

Following an incomplete resection, radiologically detected tumor progression leading to further treatment was detected at 7, 9, 12, 13, and 20 months, respectively, and an additional six tumors regressed or stablized.

For follow up of residual tumor, 6-month interval imaging for at least 3 years, yearly images for another 2 years, and subsequent 2-year imaging is recommended.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Cerebellar Neoplasms / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm, Residual / diagnosis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Cerebellum / pathology. Cerebellum / radiography. Cerebellum / surgery. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Infant. Male. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / epidemiology. Neoplasm Staging. Postoperative Care. Remission, Spontaneous. Time Factors

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(PMID = 16156227.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Combined fontanelle puncture and surgical operation in treatment of desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma: case report and a review of the literature.

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma is a rare low-grade malignant brain tumor found in infants.

A case of desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, including its clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, is reported.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Cranial Fontanelles / surgery. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods

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(PMID = 19671888.001).

[ISSN] 1708-8283

[Journal-full-title] Journal of child neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Child Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 9

   

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[Title] Altered cellular distribution and subcellular sorting of gamma-tubulin in diffuse astrocytic gliomas and human glioblastoma cell lines.

Centrosome amplification is a pivotal mechanism underlying tumorigenesis but its role in gliomas is underinvestigated.

The present study specifically examines the expression and distribution of the centrosome-associated cytoskeletal protein gamma-tubulin in 56 primary diffuse astrocytic gliomas (grades II-IV) and in 4 human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, U118MG, U138MG, and T98G).

In tumors in adults (n = 46), varying degrees of localization were detected in all tumor grades, but immunoreactivity was significantly increased in high-grade anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas multiforme as compared to low-grade diffuse astrocytomas (p = 0.0001).

A similar trend was noted in diffuse gliomas in children but the sample of cases was too small as to be statistically meaningful.

Our results indicate that overexpression and ectopic cellular distribution of gamma-tubulin in astrocytic gliomas may be significant in the context of centrosome protein amplification and may be linked to tumor progression and anaplastic potential.

[MeSH-minor] Antigens / metabolism. Blotting, Northern / methods. Cell Line, Tumor. Humans. Immunohistochemistry / methods

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(PMID = 16772870.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3069

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens; 0 / Tubulin; 0 / pericentrin

   

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[Title] Low-grade gliomas in older patients: long-term follow-up from Mayo Clinic.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are uncommon in older patients, and long-term clinical behavior and prognostic factors are not well defined in this group.

METHODS: The authors retrospectively searched their tumor registry for the records of adult patients (> or =18 years) diagnosed as having nonpilocytic LGG between 1960 and 1992 at Mayo Clinic.

Operative pathologic diagnoses comprised astrocytoma (n = 22, 69%), mixed oligoastrocytoma (n = 7, 22%), and oligodendroglioma (n = 3, 9%).

Pathologic sampling error failing to recognize higher-grade tumors does not seem to account for these poor outcomes.

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(PMID = 19536875.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / UL1 RR024150; None / None / / UL1 RR024150-01; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / 1 UL1 RR024150-01; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / UL1 RR024150-01

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS140676; NLM/ PMC2789453

   

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[Title] Role of perfusion-weighted imaging at 3 Tesla in the assessment of malignancy of cerebral gliomas.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to clarify the role of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) at 3 Tesla in the characterisation of haemodynamic heterogeneity within gliomas and surrounding tissues and in the differentiation of high-grade from low-grade gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 36 patients with histologically verified gliomas (25 with high-grade and 11 with low-grade gliomas).

RESULTS: In high-grade gliomas, rCBV were markedly increased in mass [mean+/-standard deviation (SD), 4.3+/-1.2] and margins (4.0+/-1.1) and reduced in necrotic areas (0.3+/-0.3).

In low-grade gliomas, mass (2.0+/-1.5) and margin (2.2+/-1.2) rCBV were significantly lower than in high-grade gliomas (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Three-Tesla PWI helps to distinguish necrosis from tumour mass, infiltrating tumour from oedema and high-grade from low-grade gliomas.

It enhances the magnetic resonance (MR) assessment of cerebral gliomas and provides useful information for planning surgical and radiation treatment.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Glioma / diagnosis. Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Blood Volume / physiology. Brain Edema / diagnosis. Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology. Contrast Media. Diagnosis, Differential. Echo-Planar Imaging / methods. Female. Gadolinium DTPA. Ganglioglioma / diagnosis. Glioblastoma / diagnosis. Humans. Image Enhancement / methods. Male. Middle Aged. Necrosis. Oligodendroglioma / diagnosis. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 18338133.001).

[ISSN] 0033-8362

[Journal-full-title] La Radiologia medica

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiol Med

[Language] eng; ita

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media; K2I13DR72L / Gadolinium DTPA

   

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[Title] Low-grade gliomas: the debate continues.

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that tend to occur primarily in young adults and children.

Many questions remain in the management of LGGs, including the role of surgical resection (ie, maximal tumor resection), the optimal timing of radiation (ie, postoperative vs at the time of tumor progression), and the role of chemotherapy (ie, salvage after radiotherapy, primary treatment after surgery, concurrent with radiotherapy).

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 16566078.001).

[ISSN] 1523-3790

[Journal-full-title] Current oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Oncol Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 54

   

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Our cases demonstrate the morphological features of the 'rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle', a recently identified tumour characterised by its unique location, neurocytic pseudo-rosette formation and the presence of a low grade astrocytoma component.

However, the clinical data available including the cases presented here, along with the histological features, suggest that these are low grade tumours with a good prognosis after surgical resection.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Astrocytoma / physiopathology. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Neurocytoma / metabolism. Neurocytoma / pathology. Neurocytoma / physiopathology

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(PMID = 16599951.001).

[ISSN] 0305-1846

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology and applied neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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Only a few Methyl-[11C]-L-methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET) studies have focused on children and young adults with brain neoplasm.

The MET tumor-uptake relative to a corresponding control region was calculated.

A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was performed to determine the MET-uptake value that best distinguishes tumorous from non-tumorous brain lesions.

A differentiation between high grade malignant lesions (mean MET-uptake = 2.00 +/- 0.46) and low grade tumors (mean MET-uptake = 1.84 +/- 0.31) was not possible.

There was a significant difference in MET-uptake between the histologically homogeneous subgroups of astrocytoma WHO grade II and anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III (P = 0.02).

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(PMID = 19575148.001).

[ISSN] 1573-7373

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carbon Radioisotopes; AE28F7PNPL / Methionine; BN630929UL / methionine methyl ester

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2808525

   

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[Title] Cerebral gliomas: diffusional kurtosis imaging analysis of microstructural differences.

PURPOSE: To characterize the non-Gaussian diffusion patterns of cerebral glioma microstructure with respect to the different glioma grades by using a new method called diffusional kurtosis (DK) imaging.

A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare each histologic glioma subtype regarding the diffusion measurements.

Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test for the parameter with the best sensitivity and specificity for glioma grade discrimination.

RESULTS: In 34 patients with cerebral gliomas (five World Health Organization [WHO] grade II astrocytomas, 13 WHO grade III astrocytomas, and 16 WHO grade IV glioblastomas multiforme), significantly different diffusion patterns were found among the three glioma groups.

MK values increased with higher glioma malignancy, whereas ADCs tended to decrease with higher malignancy; FA values did not differ significantly among tumor groups.

Significant differences between astrocytoma grades WHO II and WHO III were demonstrated only by DK values.

Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was highest for normalized MK (0.972) during testing to discriminate between low- and high-grade gliomas.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates specific diffusion patterns for low- and high-grade gliomas, showing that DK imaging is able to depict microstructural changes within glioma tissue and is able to help differentiate among glioma grades. (c) RSNA, 2010.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Glioma / diagnosis

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(PMID = 20089718.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1315

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Brainstem glioma presenting as pruritus in children with neurofibromatosis-1.

The most common intracranial tumors are low-grade astrocytomas, which most frequently involve the optic pathway, and less often, the brainstem.

In cases of brainstem glioma in NF1, treatment decisions are frequently complicated by the paucity of symptoms referable to the tumor.

Here, we describe 2 children with NF1 whose initial presentation of a growing brainstem glioma was localized pruritus.

[MeSH-major] Brain Stem Neoplasms / diagnosis. Glioma / diagnosis. Neurofibromatosis 1 / diagnosis. Pruritus / diagnosis

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(PMID = 19935099.001).

[ISSN] 1536-3678

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising within low grade astrocytoma: transformation, de novo or radiation induced? Report of three cases and review of literature.

The transformation from low grade to aggressive astrocytoma is well known.

However, the development of a completely different tumour such as a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) within a low grade astrocytoma (LGA) is rare.

All three patients had histologically proven low-grade astrocytoma and received radiotherapy following biopsy.

Two patients underwent partial resection for recurrence, one at five and the other ten years later with histological confirmation of low-grade astrocytoma.

Histology now revealed high grade PNET.

Among the six reported cases of PNET arising following prophylactic radiation therapy to low grade astrocytomas, only two occurred within the original tumour.

Whether these cases represent transformation of low-grade astrocytoma, de novo formation of new tumour or radiation induced neoplasm is uncertain.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / etiology. Neoplasms, Second Primary / etiology. Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / etiology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Fatal Outcome. Female. Humans. Male. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / etiology

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(PMID = 18568729.001).

[ISSN] 0268-8697

[Journal-full-title] British journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 14

   

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[Title] Expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-11 and MMP-19 is correlated with the WHO-grading of human malignant gliomas.

Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most prevalent type of malignant primary brain tumor in adults.

They may manifest de novo or develop from low-grade astrocytomas (LGA) or anaplastic astrocytomas.

Tumor progression is facilitated by an increased activity of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Therefore, MMP-1, MMP-11 and MMP-19 might be of importance for the development of high-grade astrocytic tumors and may be promising targets for therapy.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / enzymology. Glioma / diagnosis. Glioma / enzymology. Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / metabolism. Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 / metabolism. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics. Humans. Male. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / genetics. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis. RNA, Messenger / analysis. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. World Health Organization

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(PMID = 17980449.001).

[ISSN] 0168-0102

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience research

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / RNA, Messenger; EC 3.4.24.- / Matrix Metalloproteinase 11; EC 3.4.24.- / Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted; EC 3.4.24.- / matrix metalloproteinase 19; EC 3.4.24.35 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; EC 3.4.24.7 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

   

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[Title] Recurrent low-grade gliomas: the role of fractionated stereotactic re-irradiation.

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of re-irradiation in recurrent low-grade gliomas (LGG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients were treated with fractionated stereotactic re-irradiation in the case of recurrent gliomas.

At primary diagnosis of the tumor, the histology was grade II astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma.

CONCLUSION: Our retrospective data suggest that stereotactically guided fractionated re-irradiation in recurrent glioma represents an effective treatment option with good results and few complications.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Dose Fractionation. Glioma / radiotherapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy / methods

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(PMID = 15735924.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Loss of prostaglandin D2 synthase: a key molecular event in the transition of a low-grade astrocytoma to an anaplastic astrocytoma.

Reduction in the mRNA and protein expression of lipocalin-like prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) synthase (PGDS), the main arachidonic acid metabolite produced in neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system, is a significant biological event involved in the malignant progression of astrocytomas and is predictive of poor survival.

This finding has exciting implications for early interventional efforts for the grade 2 and 3 astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / enzymology. Astrocytoma / pathology. Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / deficiency

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Cell Survival / drug effects. Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology. DNA Methylation / drug effects. Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Introns / genetics. Lipocalins / genetics. Multivariate Analysis. Proportional Hazards Models. Prostaglandin D2 / pharmacology. Protein Transport / drug effects. Survival Analysis

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(PMID = 18852145.001).

[ISSN] 1535-7163

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer therapeutics

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer Ther.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; 0 / Lipocalins; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; EC 5.3.- / Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; EC 5.3.99.2 / prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase; RXY07S6CZ2 / Prostaglandin D2

   

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[Title] Successful treatment of low-grade oligodendroglial tumors with a chemotherapy regimen of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine.

Only limited data are available on the role of chemotherapy in low-grade OD.

The authors retrospectively studied the outcome of the procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy regimen in a group of 16 patients with newly diagnosed OD and 5 patients with recurrent low-grade OD.

In the newly diagnosed and responding patients, radiotherapy was withheld until the time of disease recurrence.

The median time to disease progression in this group was >24 months.

Only one of these patients experienced disease progression while receiving chemotherapy.

Several patients showed a signficant clinical improvement despite only a modest improvement of the tumor on the MRI scans.

MRI scans were of limited value for the assessment of response.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Lomustine / therapeutic use. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Procarbazine / therapeutic use. Retrospective Studies. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics. Vincristine / therapeutic use

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2005 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 15637687.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

   

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[Title] [Complex partial seizures secondary to a low-grade lipoastrocytoma].

[Transliterated title] Crisis parciales complejas secundarias a un lipoastrocitoma de bajo grado.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / complications. Epilepsy, Complex Partial / etiology. Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / etiology. Lipoma / complications. Supratentorial Neoplasms / complications. Temporal Lobe / pathology

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(PMID = 18075993.001).

[ISSN] 0210-0010

[Journal-full-title] Revista de neurologia

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Neurol

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] Spain

   

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[Title] WHO grade associated downregulation of MHC class I antigen-processing machinery components in human astrocytomas: does it reflect a potential immune escape mechanism?

We investigated the expression of APM components in astrocytomas without detectable defects in HLA class I antigen expression and correlated it with grade of malignancy.

Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytomas revealed reduced expression of the cytosolic proteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2), the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) transporter associated with antigen processing-1 (TAP1), and the ER chaperone beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in astrocytoma cells when compared to astrocytes from nonpathological brain.

Among human WHO grade II-IV astrocytomas, downregulation of LMP2, TAP1 and beta2m correlated with grade of malignancy.

Furthermore, astrocytoma cell lines (n = 12) expressed all APM components analyzed at levels comparable to dendritic cells (DC), which were used for comparative purposes.

However, upregulation of beta2m after stimulation with inflammatory cytokines was significantly lower in astrocytoma cell lines than in control cells.

Our results support the hypothesis that coordinated downregulation or impaired upregulation of certain HLA class I APM components may serve as a mechanism for astrocytoma cells to evade the host's immune response, even if HLA class I antigen surface expression is not altered.

[MeSH-major] Antigen Presentation / immunology. Astrocytoma / immunology. Brain Neoplasms / immunology. Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / metabolism. Tumor Escape / immunology

[MeSH-minor] ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 2. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / biosynthesis. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Cell Line, Tumor. Child. Child, Preschool. Cysteine Endopeptidases / biosynthesis. Down-Regulation. Female. Flow Cytometry. Gene Expression. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. World Health Organization. beta 2-Microglobulin / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17541610.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6322

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 2; 0 / ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; 0 / Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; 0 / TAP1 protein, human; 0 / beta 2-Microglobulin; 144416-78-4 / LMP-2 protein; EC 3.4.22.- / Cysteine Endopeptidases

   

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[Title] PIK3CA alterations in primary (de novo) and secondary glioblastomas.

We assessed alterations in the EGFR/PTEN/PI3K pathway in 107 primary (de novo) glioblastomas and 32 secondary glioblastomas that progressed from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytomas.

Furthermore, this signaling pathway was altered by either PTEN mutations or PIK3CA amplification in 10 of 12 (83%) malignant glioma cell lines analyzed.

[MeSH-major] Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / physiology. Glioblastoma / classification. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism

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(PMID = 17235514.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6322

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.1.137 / PIK3CA protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; EC 3.1.3.48 / PTEN protein, human; EC 3.1.3.67 / PTEN Phosphohydrolase

   

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[Title] BRAF gene duplication constitutes a mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in low-grade astrocytomas.

The molecular pathogenesis of pediatric astrocytomas is still poorly understood.

To further understand the genetic abnormalities associated with these tumors, we performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number aberrations in pediatric low-grade astrocytomas by using array-based comparative genomic hybridization.

Similarly, a marked proportion of low-grade astrocytomas from adult patients also had BRAF duplication.

Both the stable silencing of BRAF through shRNA lentiviral transduction and pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2, the immediate downstream phosphorylation target of BRAF, blocked the proliferation and arrested the growth of cultured tumor cells derived from low-grade gliomas.

Our findings implicate aberrant activation of the MAPK pathway due to gene duplication or mutation of BRAF as a molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in low-grade astrocytomas and suggest inhibition of the MAPK pathway as a potential treatment.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / enzymology. Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / enzymology. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Gene Duplication. MAP Kinase Signaling System / physiology. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / metabolism

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(PMID = 18398503.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9738

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical investigation

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Invest.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclin D; 0 / Cyclins; 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; EC 2.7.11.1 / BRAF protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; EC 2.7.11.24 / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2289793

   

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[Title] HSV encephalitis in a child with brain stem glioma: a rare complication of therapy. Case report and review of the neurosurgical literature.

CASE REPORT: A 13-year-old boy was diagnosed with an inoperable, biopsy-proven pontine grade II astrocytoma.

He made slow improvement but died 8 months after diagnosis from tumor progression.

A low threshold for both investigation with CSF PCR and empirical treatment with intravenous aciclovir is warranted.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / complications. Brain Stem Neoplasms / complications. Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / etiology. Herpesvirus 1, Human. Radiotherapy / adverse effects

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(PMID = 17593375.001).

[ISSN] 0256-7040

[Journal-full-title] Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Childs Nerv Syst

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antiviral Agents; X4HES1O11F / Acyclovir

[Number-of-references] 14

   

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We analyzed the genomic region spanning wild type R132 of IDH1 by direct sequencing in 685 brain tumors including 41 pilocytic astrocytomas, 12 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 7 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 93 diffuse astrocytomas, 120 adult glioblastomas, 14 pediatric glioblastomas, 105 oligodendrogliomas, 83 oligoastrocytomas, 31 ependymomas, 58 medulloblastomas, 9 supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 17 schwannomas, 72 meningiomas and 23 pituitary adenomas.

A total of 221 somatic IDH1 mutations were detected and the highest frequencies occurred in diffuse astrocytomas (68%), oligodendrogliomas (69%), oligoastrocytomas (78%) and secondary glioblastomas (88%).

Primary glioblastomas and other entities were characterized by a low frequency or absence of mutations in amino acid position 132 of IDH1.

The very high frequency of IDH1 mutations in WHO grade II astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas suggests a role in early tumor development.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / genetics. Astrocytoma / pathology. Base Sequence. DNA Mutational Analysis. Disease Progression. Gene Frequency. Glioblastoma / genetics. Glioblastoma / pathology. Glioma / etiology. Glioma / pathology. Humans. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Oligodendroglioma / pathology. Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 18985363.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

   

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[Title] MicroRNA-10b is overexpressed in malignant glioma and associated with tumor invasive factors, uPAR and RhoC.

Although the oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of several miRNAs have been characterized, the role of miRNAs in mediating tumor invasion and migration remains largely unexplored.

Here, we performed real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on 43 glioma samples (17 glioblastoma, 6 anaplastic astrocytoma, 10 low-grade astrocytoma, 6 oligodendroglioma and 4 ependymoma) and 6 glioma cell lines.

We found that miR-10b expression was upregulated in all glioma samples compared to non-neoplastic brain tissues.

The expression levels of miR-10b were associated with higher grade glioma.

Finally, multifocal lesions on enhanced MRI of 7 malignant gliomas were associated with higher expression levels of miR-10b (p = 0.02).

Our data indicated that miR-10b might play some role in the invasion of glioma cells.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / physiology. Glioma / genetics. Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics. Receptors, Immunologic / genetics. Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / genetics. rho GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Staging. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis. RNA, Messenger / genetics. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Tumor Cells, Cultured. Up-Regulation

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[Copyright] 2009 UICC

(PMID = 19536818.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / LILRB2 protein, human; 0 / Membrane Glycoproteins; 0 / RHOC protein, human; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Immunologic; 0 / Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; EC 3.6.5.2 / rho GTP-Binding Proteins

   

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DWI studies were performed together with T1-weighted postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in four patients with lesions in or adjacent to the OR (glioblastoma, oligo-astrocytoma, cavernoma, and metastasis; n = 1 each).

Preoperative and postoperative neuroophthalmological testing included, among others, perimetry to define the value of diffusion-weighted image guidance during OR lesion resection.

In one case, low-grade tumor parts infiltrating the OR were intentionally left.

[MeSH-major] Affect / physiology. Deep Brain Stimulation. Parkinson Disease / psychology. Parkinson Disease / therapy. Subthalamic Nucleus / physiology

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(PMID = 15747136.001).

[ISSN] 0344-5607

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgical review

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurg Rev

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Frequent loss of heterozygosity and altered expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene 'FAT' in human astrocytic tumors.

BACKGROUND: We had earlier used the comparison of RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) DNA fingerprinting profiles of tumor and corresponding normal DNA to identify genetic alterations in primary human glial tumors.

METHODS: In this study we used RAPD-PCR to identify novel genomic alterations in the astrocytic tumors of WHO grade II (Low Grade Diffuse Astrocytoma) and WHO Grade IV (Glioblastoma Multiforme).

RESULTS: Bands consistently altered in the RAPD profile of tumor DNA in a significant proportion of tumors were identified.

One such 500 bp band, that was absent in the RAPD profile of 33% (4/12) of the grade II astrocytic tumors, was selected for further study.

Its sequence corresponded with a region of FAT, a putative tumor suppressor gene initially identified in Drosophila.

Fifty percent of a set of 40 tumors, both grade II and IV, were shown to have Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus by microsatellite (intragenic) and by SNP markers.

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed low FAT mRNA levels in a major subset of tumors.

CONCLUSION: These results point to a role of the FAT in astrocytic tumorigenesis and demonstrate the use of RAPD analysis in identifying specific alterations in astrocytic tumors.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Cadherins / genetics. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / genetics. Genes, Tumor Suppressor. Loss of Heterozygosity

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(PMID = 19126244.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cadherins; 0 / DNA Primers; 0 / FAT1 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2631005

   

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[Title] MGMT activity, promoter methylation and immunohistochemistry of pretreatment and recurrent malignant gliomas: a comparative study on astrocytoma and glioblastoma.

The DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a key player in tumor cell resistance.

However, it is unclear whether MGMT promoter methylation correlates with MGMT activity and whether MGMT promoter methylation of the pretreatment tumor predicts the MGMT status of recurrences.

To address these questions, we determined MGMT activity promoter methylation and immunoreactivity in pretreatment and recurrent glioblastomas (GB, WHO Grade IV), and in astrocytomas (WHO Grade III).

For astrocytomas, promoter-methylated samples displayed 0-28 fmol/mg and, nonmethylated samples, 23-107 fmol/mg.

Given a threshold level of 30 fmol/mg of protein, we found a correlation between promoter methylation and no/low MGMT activity in 82.4% of the tumors.

Therefore, classification of hemimethylated tumors remains questionable.

Although individual exceptions were found, the data show an overall correlation between promoter methylation and lack/low MGMT activity in GB and astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / enzymology. Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / enzymology. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. DNA Methylation. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Modification Methylases / metabolism. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / metabolism. Glioblastoma / enzymology. Glioblastoma / genetics. Promoter Regions, Genetic. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Recurrence

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(PMID = 20131314.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

   

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[Title] YKL-40 is directly produced by tumor cells and is inversely linked to EGFR in glioblastomas.

YKL-40 is a secreted chitinase-like molecule whose expression is associated with glioma grade.

Expression is higher in astrocytomas than oligodendrogliomas and has been reported to predict shorter survival and radiation resistance in glioblastomas (GBMs).

Whether YKL-40 is directly produced by glioma cells or other admixed nonneo-plastic cells, and whether it correlates with 1p/19q status or other hallmark molecular abnormalities, are unclear.

A rank-order list of YKL-40 expression was determined immunohistochemically in 79 untreated high-grade adult glio-mas, including 28 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) and 51 GBMs.

Relative YKL-40 expression was compared with glioma class, key molecular alterations, and immunohistochemical markers via a series of Spearman rank correlations.

YKL-40 mRNA was abundant in glioma cells as well as reactive astrocytes, but was low in admixed neurons and macrophages.

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(PMID = 20224722.001).

[ISSN] 1936-2625

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical and experimental pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Clin Exp Pathol

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / K24 MH001717; United States / PHS HHS / / K24 M401717

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adipokines; 0 / CHI3L1 protein, human; 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Lectins; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2836500

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; 10q / 1p19q / EGFR / YKL-40 / glioblastoma / oligodendroglioma

   

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[Title] Related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis protein-1 (RTVP-1) is overexpressed in gliomas and regulates the growth, survival, and invasion of glioma cells.

In this study, we examined the expression and functions of related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis protein 1 (RTVP-1) in glioma cells.

RTVP-1 was expressed in high levels in glioblastomas, whereas its expression in low-grade astrocytomas and normal brains was very low.

Transfection of glioma cells with small interfering RNAs targeting RTVP-1 decreased cell proliferation in all the cell lines examined and induced cell apoptosis in some of them.

Overexpression of RTVP-1 increased astrocyte and glioma cell proliferation and the anchorage-independent growth of the cells.

In addition, overexpression of RTVP-1 rendered glioma cells more resistant to the apoptotic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and serum deprivation.

Finally, we found that RTVP-1 regulated the invasion of glioma cells as was evident by their enhanced migration through Matrigel and by their increased invasion in a spheroid confrontation assay.

Our results suggest that the expression of RTVP-1 is correlated with the degree of malignancy of astrocytic tumors and that RTVP-1 is involved in the regulation of the growth, survival, and invasion of glioma cells.

Collectively, these findings suggest that RTVP-1 is a potential therapeutic target in gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Glioma / metabolism. Glioma / pathology. Neoplasm Proteins / biosynthesis. Nerve Tissue Proteins / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Amino Acid Sequence. Apoptosis / physiology. Astrocytoma / enzymology. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Cell Growth Processes / physiology. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Survival / physiology. Glioblastoma / enzymology. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Glioblastoma / pathology. Humans. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism. Molecular Sequence Data. Neoplasm Invasiveness

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(PMID = 16618735.001).

[ISSN] 0008-5472

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-R21-96965

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / GLIPR1 protein, human; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2

   

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[Title] Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytoma.

OBJECTIVE: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently identified pediatric low-grade neoplasm that was previously classified as pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), yet demonstrates unique histological features and more aggressive behavior.

These tumors have been shown to have significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival probability than classical low-grade astrocytomas, as well as a high rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination.

Radiographic characteristics of the tumor were recorded in each case.

CONCLUSION: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a well-circumscribed pediatric neoplasm that commonly originates from the midline of the neuroaxis and lacks peritumoral edema or central necrosis.

It is critical to recognize the predominantly solid and well-circumscribed nature of the neoplasm to avoid confusion with an infiltrating astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

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(PMID = 18662499.001).

[ISSN] 0161-6412

[Journal-full-title] Neurological research

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] Functional outcome after low-grade astrocytoma treatment in childhood.

BACKGROUND: The relatively high survival rate of patients with low-grade astrocytoma necessitates increasing attention to physical and psychosocial outcomes.

The objective of the current study was to investigate functional outcomes among children who were treated for low-grade or pilocytic astrocytoma in different areas of the brain.

CONCLUSIONS: At long-term follow-up, children who had low-grade or pilocytic astrocytomas were found to have poor functional outcomes, depending on tumor site, age, and recurrence.

Therefore, the authors suggest a long-term follow-up of children who are treated for low-grade or pilocytic astrocytomas at a young age to detect and subsequently offer support focused on the medical and cognitive impairments as well as on the behavioral and social consequences of their disease.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Disabled Children. Quality of Life

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(PMID = 16353203.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Role of extent of resection in the long-term outcome of low-grade hemispheric gliomas.

PURPOSE: The prognostic role of extent of resection (EOR) of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is a major controversy.

Region-of-interest analysis was performed to measure tumor volumes based on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging.

RESULTS: Median preoperative and postoperative tumor volumes and EOR were 36.6 cm(3) (range, 0.7 to 246.1 cm(3)), 3.7 cm(3) (range, 0 to 197.8 cm(3)) and 88.0% (range, 5% to 100%), respectively.

After adjusting each measure of tumor burden for age, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), tumor location, and tumor subtype, OS was predicted by EOR (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.972; 95% CI, 0.960 to 0.983; P < .001), log preoperative tumor volume (HR = 4.442; 95% CI, 1.601 to 12.320; P = .004), and postoperative tumor volume (HR = 1.010; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.019; P = .03), progression-free survival was predicted by log preoperative tumor volume (HR = 2.711; 95% CI, 1.590 to 4.623; P <or= .001) and postoperative tumor volume (HR = 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.014; P = .035), and malignant progression-free survival was predicted by EOR (HR = 0.983; 95% CI, 0.972 to 0.995; P = .005) and log preoperative tumor volume (HR = 3.826; 95% CI, 1.632 to 8.969; P = .002).

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Oligodendroglioma / surgery

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(PMID = 18323558.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Hypertrophic olivary degeneration after resection of a cerebellar tumor.

We report a case of hypertrophic olivary degeneration due to cerebellar surgery for a low-grade tumor.

A 27-year-old female presented with right-sided paresthesias and intermittent leg paresis following a right cerebellar resection of a tumor 2 weeks prior.

An MRI scan revealed a hypertrophied left anterolateral medulla with increased T2 signal and no diffusion abnormality.

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration may be mistaken for tumor progression, post-operative vasculopathy or granulation tissue and should be considered in patients undergoing cerebellar surgery.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Cerebellar Neoplasms / surgery. Neurosurgical Procedures / adverse effects. Olivary Nucleus / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Ataxia / etiology. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Hypertrophy. Hypesthesia / etiology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology

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(PMID = 18217209.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States