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[Title] Altered expression of immune defense genes in pilocytic astrocytomas.

Pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I) is a circumscribed, slowly growing, benign astrocytoma that most frequently develops in the cerebellar hemispheres and in midline structures and occurs predominantly in childhood and adolescence.

In contrast to diffusely infiltrating gliomas in adults (e.g. grade II astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas), survival of patients with pilocytic astrocytoma is excellent after surgical intervention.

To search for potential molecular mechanisms underlying its benign biologic behavior, we compared gene expression profiles of pilocytic astrocytomas (8 cases) with those of normal cerebellum (4 cases), low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II; 15 cases), and oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II; 17 cases) by cDNA array analysis.

A number of immune system-related genes such as HLA-DRalpha, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, IgG3, IgGK, FCER1G, A2M, FCRN, IFI-56K, and DAP12 were upregulated in pilocytic astrocytomas relative to normal cerebellum, grade II astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas.

Genes expressed at higher levels in pilocytic astrocytomas than in grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas include HLA-DRalpha, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, A2M, TIMP1, TIMP2, CDKN1A, and SOCS3 and those expressed at lower levels include EGFR and PDGFRA.

Hierarchical clustering analysis using the entire set of 1176 genes distinguished pilocytic astrocytomas from grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Clustering analysis using selected subgroups of genes based on their molecular functions revealed that immune system-related genes (75 genes) or cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis-related genes (69 genes) showed similar power to the entire gene set for separation of pilocytic astrocytomas from diffusely infiltrating low-grade gliomas.

Immunohistochemistry revealed that HLA-DRalpha is expressed diffusely in neoplastic cells in pilocytic astrocytomas, whereas in oligodendrogliomas, expression was limited to scattered reactive astrocytes.

These results suggest that gene expression profiles of pilocytic astrocytomas differ significantly from those of diffusely infiltrating low-grade gliomas and that their benign biologic behavior may be related to upregulation of immune defense-associated genes.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Astrocytoma / immunology. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / immunology. Gene Expression. Immunity / genetics

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(PMID = 16215461.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3069

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HLA-DR Antigens; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

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[Title] Expression of Kir 4.1 in human astrocytic tumors: correlation with pathologic grade.

In this study, we investigated the expression of Kir 4.1 mRNA and protein in 80 cases of human astrocytic tumors by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

The correlation between Kir 4.1 expression and pathologic grade of astrocytic tumors was further analyzed.

The results showed that the expression of Kir 4.1 mRNA and protein, as well as the Kir 4.1 immunoreactivity score (IRS), increased markedly with increasing pathologic grade.

Therefore, Kir 4.1 may be a new biomarker for astrocytic tumors.

It may also be an attractive therapy target for human astrocytic tumors.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism. Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Statistics as Topic. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 18191638.001).

[ISSN] 1090-2104

[Journal-full-title] Biochemical and biophysical research communications

[ISO-abbreviation] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Kcnj10 (channel); 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying

   

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BACKGROUND: Brain tumors, especially high-grade gliomas, can present with focal or generalized signs due to mass effect, parenchymal infiltration and destruction.

Microscopic total tumor excision was done and histopathological analysis revealed that these tumors were glioblastoma multiforme.

CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should keep brain tumors in mind in the case of patients who present with atypical symptoms such as those reported here.

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(PMID = 21206896.001).

[ISSN] 2152-7806

[Journal-full-title] Surgical neurology international

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Neurol Int

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3011111

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Astrocytoma / brain tumor / glioblastoma multiforme / presentation / symptom

   

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[Title] Inhibition of all-trans retinoic acid on MDM2 gene expression in astrocytoma cell line SHG-44.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on MDM2 gene expression in astrocytoma cell line SHG-44, and to provide basic data for further research on the progression mechanism and gene therapy of human astrocytoma.

The expressions of MDM2 protein in WHO grade II and grade IV astrocytomas were determined by immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase method.

Moreover, the percentages of MDM2-positive protein were 24.00% (6/25) and 56.52% (13/23) (chi(2) = 5.298, P = 0.021) in WHO grade II and grade IV astrocytomas, respectively, suggesting that the expression of MDM2 protein may increase along with the elevation of astrocytoma malignancy.

CONCLUSION: ATRA can inhibit MDM2 gene expression in SHG-44 cells, and MDM2 is related to astrocytoma progression.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Cell Size / drug effects. Humans. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / methods. Time Factors

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(PMID = 18839023.001).

[ISSN] 1673-7067

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience bulletin

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci Bull

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Singapore

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 5688UTC01R / Tretinoin; EC 2.3.2.27 / MDM2 protein, human; EC 2.3.2.27 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2

   

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An increasing body of evidence suggests that astrocytic gliomas of the central nervous system may be derived from gliotypic neural stem cells.

However, when induced to differentiate, neural stem cells give rise to intermediate progenitors that transiently exhibit multiple glioma characteristics, including aneuploidy, loss of growth-contact inhibition, alterations in cell cycle, and growth factor insensitivity.

Further examination of progenitor populations revealed a subset of cells defined by the aberrant expression of (the pathological glioma marker) class III beta-tubulin that exhibit intrinsic parental properties of gliomas, including multilineage differentiation and continued proliferation in the absence of a complex cellular regulatory environment.

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(PMID = 18988710.001).

[ISSN] 1549-4918

[Journal-full-title] Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)

[ISO-abbreviation] Stem Cells

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / R01 HL070143; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / T32 HD043730; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS055165; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS37556; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / T32HD043730; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL70143; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS46384; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS037556; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS055165; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R21 NS046384

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Tubulin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS686089; NLM/ PMC4425277

   

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Magnetic resonance imaging is a routine diagnostic measure for a suspected intracerebral mass.

Further diagnostic procedures as well as the interpretation of the findings vary depending on the tumor location.

Supratentorial tumors include astrocytoma, differentiated by their circumscribed and diffuse growth, ganglioglioma, ependyoma, neurocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), oligodendroglioma, dysem-bryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET), meningoangiomatosis, pineal tumors, hamatoma, lymphoma, craniopharyngeoma and metastases.

The most common sub-forms, especially of astrocytoma, will also be presented.

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(PMID = 17541538.001).

[ISSN] 0033-832X

[Journal-full-title] Der Radiologe

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiologe

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 30

   

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Neuropathologic diagnoses were cavernoma in three cases, astrocytoma (grade 2) in two cases, arteriovenous malformation in two cases, gliosis in two cases and ganglioglioma in one case.

Patients who had post-operative seizures may also achieve long-term seizure decrease or freedom in three cases: case 5 (E4-E2), case 6 (E4-E2) and case 7 (E3-E1).

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(PMID = 17535567.001).

[ISSN] 0161-6412

[Journal-full-title] Neurological research

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] [Application of (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging in radiation oncology: choline as a marker for determining the relative probability of tumor progression after radiation of glial brain tumors].

PURPOSE: To determine the relative signal intensity ratios of choline (Cho), phosphocreatine (CR) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in MR spectroscopic imaging (proton-MRSI) for differentiating progressive tumors (PT) from non-progressive tumors (nPT) in follow-up and treatment planning of gliomas.

Threshold values to indicate the probability of a progressive tumor were also calculated.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histologically proven gliomas showing a suspicious brain lesion in MRI after stereotactic radiotherapy were evaluated on a 1.5 Tesla unit (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) using 2D proton MRSI (repetition time/echo time = 1500/135 msec, PRESS; voxel size 9 x 9 x 15 mm (3)).

PT and nPT were differentiated between on the basis of clinical course and follow-up by MRI, CT and positron emission tomography.

RESULTS: The Cho parameter and the relative signal intensity ratios of Cr and NAA were most effective in differentiating between PT and nPT.

CONCLUSION: (1)H-MRSI has a high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between therapy-related effects and the relapse of irradiated gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Aspartic Acid / analogs & derivatives. Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Brain / radiation effects. Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Choline / metabolism. Cranial Irradiation. Glioblastoma / diagnosis. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Image Processing, Computer-Assisted. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Oligodendroglioma / diagnosis. Oligodendroglioma / radiotherapy. Phosphocreatine / metabolism. Stereotaxic Techniques

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Combined Modality Therapy. Contrast Media. Diagnosis, Differential. Disease Progression. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Gadolinium DTPA. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoadjuvant Therapy. Predictive Value of Tests. Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Reference Values

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(PMID = 16703499.001).

[ISSN] 1438-9029

[Journal-full-title] RöFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin

[ISO-abbreviation] Rofo

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media; 020IUV4N33 / Phosphocreatine; 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; 997-55-7 / N-acetylaspartate; K2I13DR72L / Gadolinium DTPA; N91BDP6H0X / Choline

   

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We analyzed the genomic region spanning wild type R132 of IDH1 by direct sequencing in 685 brain tumors including 41 pilocytic astrocytomas, 12 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 7 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 93 diffuse astrocytomas, 120 adult glioblastomas, 14 pediatric glioblastomas, 105 oligodendrogliomas, 83 oligoastrocytomas, 31 ependymomas, 58 medulloblastomas, 9 supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 17 schwannomas, 72 meningiomas and 23 pituitary adenomas.

A total of 221 somatic IDH1 mutations were detected and the highest frequencies occurred in diffuse astrocytomas (68%), oligodendrogliomas (69%), oligoastrocytomas (78%) and secondary glioblastomas (88%).

The very high frequency of IDH1 mutations in WHO grade II astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas suggests a role in early tumor development.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / genetics. Astrocytoma / pathology. Base Sequence. DNA Mutational Analysis. Disease Progression. Gene Frequency. Glioblastoma / genetics. Glioblastoma / pathology. Glioma / etiology. Glioma / pathology. Humans. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Oligodendroglioma / pathology. Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 18985363.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

   

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To further address the role of NDRG2 as a candidate tumor suppressor in human gliomas, we analyzed 67 astrocytic tumors (10 diffuse astrocytomas, 11 anaplastic astrocytomas, 34 primary glioblastomas and 12 secondary glioblastomas) for NDRG2 gene mutation, promoter methylation and expression at the mRNA and protein levels.

Using real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis, we found decreased NDRG2 mRNA levels in primary glioblastomas as compared to diffuse and anaplastic astrocytomas.

Mutational analysis of the entire NDRG2 coding sequence did not reveal any tumor-associated DNA sequence alterations.

In contrast to primary glioblastomas, NDRG2 promoter hypermethylation was detected in only 1 of 11 anaplastic astrocytomas (9%) and was absent in 10 diffuse astrocytomas and 12 secondary glioblastomas.

Taken together, our data support NDRG2 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that is epigenetically silenced in the majority of primary glioblastomas, but not in lower grade astrocytomas and secondary glioblastomas.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14. DNA Methylation. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Glioblastoma / genetics. Promoter Regions, Genetic. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Down-Regulation. Gene Silencing. Genes, Tumor Suppressor. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. RNA, Messenger / analysis

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[Copyright] (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 18709645.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / NDRG2 protein, human; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins

   

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[Title] Whole-genome profiling of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas highlights platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as potential therapeutic targets.

PURPOSE: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most devastating of pediatric malignancies and one for which no effective therapy exists.

A major contributor to the failure of therapeutic trials is the assumption that biologic properties of brainstem tumors in children are identical to cerebral high-grade gliomas of adults.

A better understanding of the biology of DIPG itself is needed in order to develop agents targeted more specifically to these children's disease.

Herein, we address this lack of knowledge by performing the first high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -based DNA microarray analysis of a series of DIPGs.

RESULTS: Analysis of DIPG copy number alterations showed recurrent changes distinct from those of pediatric supratentorial high-grade astrocytomas.

Our findings of recurrent involvement of the PDGFR pathway as well as defects in DNA repair pathways coupled with gain of PARP-1 highlight two potential, biologically based, therapeutic targets directed specifically at this devastating disease.

[MeSH-major] Brain Stem Neoplasms / genetics. Glioma / genetics. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / genetics. Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide. Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Autopsy. Case-Control Studies. Child. Child, Preschool. DNA Repair / genetics. DNA, Neoplasm / analysis. Female. Gene Dosage. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Loss of Heterozygosity. Male. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

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(PMID = 20142589.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] Canada / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / / MOP 82727

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; EC 2.4.2.30 / PARP1 protein, human; EC 2.4.2.30 / Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha

   

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High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) (1)H NMR of biopsy tissue provides a biochemical profile that has potential diagnostic and prognostic value, and can aid interpretation of the lower-resolution (1)H-NMR spectra obtained in vivo.

In addition, we have compared biochemical changes that occur in normal rat brain during HRMAS (spun continuously at 5 kHz for 4 h at 4 degrees C as could be required for a two-dimensional acquisition) with those that occur in biopsy samples from low-grade and high-grade adult human astrocytomas, during the same HRMAS procedure.

In particular, the 18% total creatine increase observed is unlikely to be de novo synthesis of creatine.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Brain Ischemia / metabolism. Brain Ischemia / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods. Specimen Handling / methods

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Biopsy / methods. Cell Line, Tumor. Female. Glioma / metabolism. Glioma / pathology. Humans. Protons. Rats. Rats, Wistar. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Spin Labels

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(PMID = 18666093.001).

[ISSN] 0952-3480

[Journal-full-title] NMR in biomedicine

[ISO-abbreviation] NMR Biomed

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / / C1459/A2592

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Protons; 0 / Spin Labels

   

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[Title] Cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings of a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic neoplasm with a relatively favorable prognosis.

Characteristic histologic features include pleomorphic tumor cells and lipidized cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), corresponding to a World Health Organization grade 2 tumor.

Computed tomography of the central nervous system revealed a supracallous periventricular tumor mass suggestive of either a lymphoma or a metastatic carcinoma.

CSF revealed 18 cells/mm3 and contained numerous tumor cells highly pleomorphic in size and shape.

Some atypical cells of moderate size were closely packed with well-defined cytoplasmic limits and a vacuolated appearance, suggesting an epithelial proliferation.

A primitive glial proliferation was found, and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue obtained by biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic PXA.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / cerebrospinal fluid. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 21053559.001).

[ISSN] 0001-5547

[Journal-full-title] Acta cytologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Cytol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Operative case of isomorphic astrocytoma].

Diffuse astrocytomas are classified as WHO Grade II tumors.

Recently, a subtype presenting with better prognosis has been proposed, and it is known as "isomorphic astrocytoma."

A clinical case that we encountered was believed to be categorized as this subtype; it has been presented in this report.

The tumor was resected under awake surgery.

The pathological diagnosis was diffuse astrocytoma, but this tumor was considered to be the isomorphic subtype.

Some parts of the tumor showed a relatively high MIB-1 labeling index (LI) of 9.2%, and additional 50-Gy radiotherapy was performed.

Isomorphic astrocytoma is characterized by prolonged epileptic seizures, a low MIB-1 LI, and better prognosis.

In our case, since the MIB-1 LI was higher in some parts of the tumor, the appropriate therapy for WHO Grade II tumors was performed.

However, this case was considered representative of isomorphic astrocytoma.

No reports of this tumor subtype have been previously described in Japan.

Therefore, this report is the first case of isomorphic astrocytoma reported to Japanese literature.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 17713125.001).

[ISSN] 1881-6096

[Journal-full-title] Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyū no shinpo

[ISO-abbreviation] Brain Nerve

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

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[Title] Aberrant hypermethylation of p14ARF and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase genes in astrocytoma progression.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate genetic alterations that are critically involved in astrocytoma progression.

We characterized 27 World Health Organization grade II fibrillary astrocytomas which later underwent recurrence or progression, paying specific attention to the CpG island methylation status of critical growth regulatory genes. p14(ARF) and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) hypermethylation represented frequent events (26% and 63%, respectively), which were mutually exclusive except in one case, with alternate or simultaneous methylation of these two genes occurring in 85% of our tumor series.

Methylation of the p21(Waf1/Cip1), p27(Kip1) and p73 genes and homozygous deletion of the p16(INK4a), p15(INK4b) and p14(ARF) genes were not detected in any of the primary low-grade tumors.

On analysis of their respective recurrent tumors, five of six patients whose primary low-grade tumors carried p14(ARF) methylation exhibited homozygous co-deletions of the p14(ARF), p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a) genes, which were restricted to glioblastoma as the most malignant end point.

Our findings suggest that p14(ARF) hypermethylation and MGMT hypermethylation constitute distinct molecular pathways of astrocytoma progression, which could differ in biological behavior and clinical outcome.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. CpG Islands / physiology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / metabolism. O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Male. Methylation. Middle Aged. Mutation / genetics. Promoter Regions, Genetic / physiology. Survival Analysis. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

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(PMID = 17493032.001).

[ISSN] 1015-6305

[Journal-full-title] Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)

[ISO-abbreviation] Brain Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 2.1.1.63 / O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase

   

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[Title] Alpha-actinin 1 and alpha-actinin 4: contrasting roles in the survival, motility, and RhoA signaling of astrocytoma cells.

Here, we have examined whether the two highly homologous non-muscle alpha-actinin isoforms 1 and 4 exhibit functional differences in astrocytoma cells.

The protein levels of these isoforms were differentially regulated during the development and progression of astrocytomas, as alpha-actinin 1 was higher in astrocytomas compared to normal brains whereas alpha-actinin 4 was elevated in high-grade astrocytomas compared to normal brains and low grade astrocytomas.

RNAi demonstrated contrasted contributions of alpha-actinin 1 and 4 to the malignant behavior of U-373, U-87 and A172 astrocytoma cells.

While alpha-actinin 1 appeared to favor the expansion of U-373, U-87 and A172 astrocytoma cell populations, alpha-actinin 4 played this role only for U-373 cells.

Finally, in the three astrocytoma cell lines examined, alpha-actinin 1 and 4 had contrasted biochemical properties as alpha-actinin 4 was significantly more abundant in the actin cytoskeleton than alpha-actinin 1.

Collectively, these findings suggest that alpha-actinin 1 and 4 are differentially regulated during the development and progression of astrocytomas because each of these isoforms uniquely contributes to distinct malignant properties of astrocytoma cells.

[MeSH-major] Actinin / physiology. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Cell Movement / genetics. rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / physiology

[MeSH-minor] Brain / metabolism. Cell Proliferation. Cell Survival / genetics. Disease Progression. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Signal Transduction / genetics. Signal Transduction / physiology. Time Factors. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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[Copyright] Published by Elsevier Inc.

(PMID = 20156433.001).

[ISSN] 1090-2422

[Journal-full-title] Experimental cell research

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Cell Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ACTN1 protein, human; 0 / ACTN4 protein, human; 11003-00-2 / Actinin; EC 3.6.5.2 / rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

   

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[Title] B7-H4 is preferentially expressed in non-dividing brain tumor cells and in a subset of brain tumor stem-like cells.

B7-H4, a newly discovered member of B7 family that negatively regulates T cell-mediated immunity, may facilitate tumor progression by undermining host immunity.

Recent studies show that brain tumor stem-like cells (TSCs) contribute to tumorigenesis.

In this study, we found that B7-H4 was expressed in cultured tumor cells from human gliomas (n = 5) and medulloblastomas (n = 3).

Double immunostaining indicated that B7-H4 was primarily restricted to non-dividing (Ki67(-)) cultured tumor cells.

Tumor cells cultured under medium conditions favoring the growth of neural stem cells were able to form primary and secondary spheres, along with expression of neural stem/progenitor cell markers.

These cells differentiated into different neural lineages when cultured in differentiation medium, indicating that these cells have TSCs characteristics.

Secondary glioma cells derived from CD133(+) or CD133(-) cell xenografts expressed B7-H4 as well.

Our data suggest B7-H4 is preferentially expressed in non-dividing brain tumor cells and in a subpopulation of brain TSCs, and CD133(-) tumor cells also have the capacity to initiate brain formation in vivo.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD80 / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Medulloblastoma / pathology. Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Aged. Animals. Antigens, CD / metabolism. Child. Female. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Male. Mice. Mice, SCID. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Metastasis. Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism. Tumor Cells, Cultured. V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1

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[Cites] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Apr;288(4):C805-12 [15601754.001]

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(PMID = 18478183.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, CD80; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1; 0 / VTCN1 protein, human

   

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[Title] [Reappraisal of the Sainte-Anne Hospital classification of oligodendrogliomas in view of retrospective studies].

[Transliterated title] Classification des oligodendrogliomes de l'hôpital Sainte-Anne. Mise au point à l'usage des études rétrospectives.

PURPOSE: Definition of homogeneous tumor groups of oligodendrogliomas or oligo-astrocytomas is a basic condition for an adequate evaluation and comparison of the results of treatments in patients from various institutions.

The main goal of this study is to assess whether, for retrospective studies, MRI data may serve as a common basis for encompassing asymmetry in diagnosis established according to the WHO or Ste-Anne (SA) classification.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 251 adult patients in whom a SA grade A or B oligodendroglioma or oligo-astrocytoma was newly diagnosed at our institution from 1984 to 2003.

Routine histological preparations and post-contrast preoperative MRI/CT-scan were simultaneously reviewed in order to assess the impact on survival of the following features: presence or absence of a polymorphous or gemistocytic astrocytic component, of necrosis and of contrast enhancement (CH); endothelial hyperplasia (EH) assessed as absent, present minor (HE+) or (HE++) when conform to the threshold of HE defined in the SA grading system of oligodendrogliomas.

RESULTS: 70.1% of the tumors were classified as "pure" oligodendroglioma, 19.5% as "polymorphous oligo-astroastrocytoma" and 10.3% as "gemistocytic oligo-astrocytoma".

In grade A, or B tumors, the presence of a polymorphous or a gemistocytic component had no significant influence on survival; however respectively 53% and 65% of these tumours versus 32% of "pure" oligodendrogliomas were grade B at the time of diagnosis.

After regrouping of the histological subtypes and of the tumors with HE+ or absent, the series included 153 oligodendrogliomas grade A and 98 grade B.

Survival in patients with grade A versus grade B tumors was respectively 142 versus 52 months (p<0.0001).

In grade B tumors, necrosis had no significant influence on survival.

On post contrast MRI done in 235 patients, only 7 tumors (3%) were grade A/B (EH++ but no CH).

CONCLUSIONS: From these results and our previous observation that, according to the SA classification of gliomas, only oligodendrogliomas or oligo-astrocytomas may not show CE, we propose that for retrospective studies:.

1) tumors diagnosed according to the Ste-Anne classification as oligodendroglioma or oligo-astrocytoma be regrouped in a unique category, 2) independent of their histological type and grade according to the WHO, gliomas that do not show CE be regrouped with SA oligodendrogliomas grade A, 3) concerning gliomas that show CE on MRI: oligodendrogliomas or oligo-astrocytomas WHO grade II or III, as well as WHO secondary glioblastomas or glioblastomas with an oligodendroglial component, be regrouped with SA oligodendrogliomas grade B; however tumors that show ring-like CE surrounding large foci of necrosis and finger-like "peritumoral" edema should be excluded or analysed separately.

[MeSH-major] Brain / pathology. Brain / radiography. Brain Neoplasms / classification. Glioma / classification. Oligodendroglioma / classification

[MeSH-minor] Adult. France. Hospitals. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm Staging. Retrospective Studies. Survival Rate. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 16292168.001).

[ISSN] 0028-3770

[Journal-full-title] Neuro-Chirurgie

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurochirurgie

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

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[Title] Temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade glioma.

We conducted a phase II study to assess the efficacy of oral temozolomide (TMZ) in children with progressive low-grade glioma.

Best responses in the 26 patients (86%) with optic pathway glioma (OPG)/pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) included partial response in 3 patients (11%), minor response in 1 (4%), stable disease in 10 (38%), and progressive disease in 12 (46%).

Only one of four patients with fibrillary astrocytoma had stable disease for 29 months after TMZ.

The overall disease stabilization rate in patients with OPG/PA was 54%, and disease control was maintained for a median interval of 34 months.

Seventeen of 26 patients had progressive disease either on or off therapy, and three have died of disease.

Worst toxicity related to TMZ in all 30 patients included grade 2-4 thrombocytopenia in seven patients, grade 2-4 neutropenia in seven, grade 2 skin rash in one, and intratumor hemorrhage in one.

TMZ given in this schedule was successful in stabilizing disease in a significant proportion of the patients with OPG/PA, with manageable toxicity.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Glioma / drug therapy

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(PMID = 17347491.001).

[ISSN] 1522-8517

[Journal-full-title] Neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuro-oncology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1871667

   

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Malignant astrocytoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults.

The median survival time of patients with high-grade malignant astrocytoma is about 1 year, despite aggressive treatment with surgical resection, radiotherapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Immunotherapy is one such novel approach that has been investigated for application with different types of tumors, including brain tumors.

The author reviews immunotherapeutic approaches for malignant gliomas and the relevance of recent clinical trials and their outcomes.

A number of potentially targetable antigens have been identified in gliomas.

DCs have been investigated in several clinical trials in patients with malignant tumors including malignant gliomas.

So far, seven papers concerning immunotherapy with DCs against malignant gliomas have been published.

These reports demonstrate that immunotherapy with DCs induces immune responses and clinically antitumor effects in some patients with malignant glioma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Glioma / therapy. Immunotherapy

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(PMID = 15853209.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Immunotoxins; 0 / Interleukin-13; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

[Number-of-references] 23

   

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[Title] Anaplastic astrocytoma presenting as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.

We report a 60-year-old man with grade III astrocytoma, who presented with status epilepticus.

The initial MRI did not demonstrate typical findings of an astrocytoma but rather showed reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS).

A brain tumor should be considered and the patient carefully followed by MRI, even if the MRI white matter lesion pattern suggests RPLS.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Brain Diseases / diagnosis. Occipital Lobe / pathology

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(PMID = 17122727.001).

[ISSN] 1074-7931

[Journal-full-title] The neurologist

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurologist

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Pathological and molecular progression of astrocytomas in a GFAP:12 V-Ha-Ras mouse astrocytoma model.

We previously characterized a genetically engineered mouse astrocytoma model with embryonic astrocyte-specific, activated (12)V-Ha-RAS (GFAP-RAS) transgenesis.

The GFAP-RAS line Ras-B8 appears normal at birth, but 50% of mice die by 4 months from low- and high-grade astrocytomas.

We examined the development and progression of astrocytomas in the Ras-B8 genetically engineered mouse.

From 3 to 8 weeks the incidence of low-grade astrocytomas progressively increased with 85% of 12-week-old mice harboring low- or high-grade astrocytomas, the latter characterized by increased proliferation, nuclear atypia, and angiogenesis.

Tp 53 mutations were detected in both astrocytoma grades, with high-grade astrocytomas expressing elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor, plus decreased levels of PTEN and p16, similar to human astrocytomas.

Of interest, many of these acquired alterations occur in human astrocytomas, further validating GFAP-RAS as a useful model for studying astrocytoma development and progression.

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(PMID = 16127163.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9440

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Pathol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS041097; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS41097

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Growth Substances; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1698742

   

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We aimed to prospectively analyze correlations between clinical features and histological classification of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors (MSICTs), and the extent of microsurgical resection and functional outcomes.

Fifty-six patients with MSICTs underwent microsurgery for tumor removal using a posterior approach.

The tumor was exposed through a dorsal myelotomy.

Pre-operative and post-operative nervous function was scored using the Improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association (IJOA) grading system.

Correlation analyses were performed between functional outcome (IJOA score) and histological features, age, tumor location, and the longitudinal extent of spinal cord involvement.

Ependymoma was the most frequent MSICT type, seen in 22 of 56 patients (39%), followed by low grade astrocytoma (17 patients, 30%) and glioblastoma multiforme (3 patients, 5%).

Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 33 cases (58%), subtotal resection in 4 (7%), and partial resection in 16 (28%).

The histological classification of the tumor was the most important factor influencing the extent of surgical removal (chi2=22.17, p=0.00).

Thus, MSICTs were most commonly seen in the medullo cervical and cervicothoracic regions, with ependymoma and low grade astrocytoma the most common tumour types.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Middle Aged. Neurologic Examination / methods. Outcome Assessment (Health Care). Prospective Studies. Spinal Cord / pathology. Spinal Cord / surgery. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19303302.001).

[ISSN] 0967-5868

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Scotland

   

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Overexpression of Aurora B kinase, which regulates cell progression through mitosis and cytokinesis, has been shown to be associated with higher-grade tumors and shortened survival in astrocytomas.

The association between Aurora B expression and World Health Organization grade II/III tumors was statistically significant (P<0.0001).

Aurora B expression was not associated with patient age, sex, tumor location, tumor recurrence, or death from tumor.

In contrast to astrocytomas, elevated Aurora B expression in higher-grade ependymomas does not seem to correlate with clinical course, although it may be a potential target of Aurora kinase inhibitors.

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(PMID = 18301241.001).

[ISSN] 1533-4058

[Journal-full-title] Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM

[ISO-abbreviation] Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.11.1 / AURKB protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Aurora Kinase B; EC 2.7.11.1 / Aurora Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

   

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[Title] J1-31 protein expression in astrocytes and astrocytomas.

J1-31 is one of the astrocytic proteins, the expression of which has not been evaluated in astrocytomas.

In the present study, we studied the expression of J1-31 protein in astrocytes and astrocytomas in comparison with GFAP, p53 and Ki-67.

Materials consisted of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens that included five cases of normal brain, 17 of gliosis, 15 of pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I), 26 of low-grade diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II), four of anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), and eight of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV).

The antibody showed reactivity with tumor cells in 12/15 (80%) cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, although intensity of staining was generally weaker and more focal than observed in reactive gliosis.

J1-31-positive tumor cells were detected in only 9/26 (35%) cases of the low-grade diffuse astrocytoma and none of the cases of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma.

Increasing Ki-67 indices paralleled advancing tumor grades. p53 protein was expressed more commonly in infiltrating astrocytomas compared to pilocytic astrocytoma.

In conclusion, down-regulation of J1-31 expression correlates with advancing grade of astrocytomas.

The anti-J1-31 antibody may help further our understanding of astrocytes in disease and may be useful as an aid in the pathologic diagnosis of astrocytic lesions.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytes / metabolism. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cytoplasm / metabolism. Down-Regulation. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / metabolism. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Gliosis / metabolism. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Neoplasm Staging. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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(PMID = 19019178.001).

[ISSN] 1440-1789

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / J1-31 protein, human; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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[Title] Phase I trial using proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and concurrent temozolomide and radiotherapy for central nervous system malignancies.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the toxicity and response rate of bortezomib with concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide in the treatment of patients with central nervous system malignancies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This open-label, dose-escalation, Phase I clinical study evaluated the safety of three dose levels of intravenously administered bortezomib (0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 mg/m(2)/dose) on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle, in addition to concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide at a daily dose of 75 mg/m(2) starting on Day 1.

The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity, defined as any Grade 4-5 toxicity or Grade 3 toxicity directly attributable to protocol treatment, requiring hospitalization and/or radiotherapy interruption.

RESULTS: A total of 27 patients were enrolled, 23 of whom had high-grade glioma (10 recurrent and 13 newly diagnosed).

The most frequent toxicities were Grade 1 and 2 stomatitis, erythema, and alopecia.

At a median follow-up of 15.0 months, 9 patients were still alive, with a median survival of 17.4 months for all patients and 15.0 months for patients with high-grade glioma.

CONCLUSION: Bortezomib administered at its typical "systemic" dose (1.3 mg/m(2)) is well tolerated and safe combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy when used in the treatment of central nervous system malignancies.

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(PMID = 19084346.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA056036-08; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA056036-08

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Boronic Acids; 0 / Pyrazines; 69G8BD63PP / Bortezomib; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS117014; NLM/ PMC2697394

   

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[Title] Forniceal glioma in children. Clinical article.

The aim of this study was to review the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features as well as the feasibility of surgical excision and the outcomes in these patients.

METHODS: From a retrospective analysis of 250 cases of supratentorial pediatric glioma, the records of 8 children presenting with forniceal lesions were selected and reviewed.

On histological review, the tumors were confirmed as pilocytic astrocytoma (4 lesions), WHO Grade II astrocytoma (3), and ganglioglioma (1).

Additional treatment was required for 5 patients for tumor progression, with a median interval of 19 months from surgery.

At a median follow-up duration of 4.9 years, all patients had stable disease.

CONCLUSIONS: In this series, forniceal gliomas were found to be low-grade gliomas.

Due to the high rate of progression of residual disease, adjuvant therapy is recommended for infiltrative tumors, and it yielded excellent results.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Fornix, Brain. Glioma / diagnosis. Glioma / surgery

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(PMID = 19772409.001).

[ISSN] 1933-0707

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics

[ISO-abbreviation] J Neurosurg Pediatr

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Incidence and prognostic impact of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human gliomas.

PURPOSE: The incidence of regulatory T cells (Treg) in intrinsic central nervous system malignancies is unknown.

Immunotherapeutic approaches that inhibit the Treg population may be limited to a subset of patients with gliomas.

Our hypothesis is that only the most malignant gliomas have a prominent glioma-infiltrating Treg population that contributes to the immunosuppressive biology and that the presence of Tregs is a negative prognostic variable.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We measured the incidence of Tregs in 135 glial tumors (including all pathologic types) in a glioma microarray using immunohistochemical analysis.

RESULTS: Tregs were not present in normal brain tissue and were very rarely found in low-grade gliomas and oligodendrogliomas.

We observed significant differences in the prevalence of Tregs between astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, between tumors of different grades, and between different pathologic types of tumors.

We identified Tregs most frequently in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) but very rarely in low-grade astrocytomas.

CONCLUSIONS: Treg infiltration differed significantly in the tumors according to lineage, pathology, and grade.

Tregs seemed to have the highest predilection for tumors of the astrocytic lineage and specifically in the high-grade gliomas, such as GBM.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / immunology. Brain Neoplasms / immunology. Forkhead Transcription Factors / metabolism. Glioma / immunology. Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / immunology. T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology

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(PMID = 18698034.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA120813-01A1

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / FOXP3 protein, human; 0 / Forkhead Transcription Factors

   

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumours known collectively as gliomas.

Gliomas are graded by their microscopic appearance.

As a rule, their behaviour can be predicted from histology: Grade I (pilocytic astrocytomas) and Grade II (benign astrocytomas) tumours are of low grade and grow slowly over many years.

Grade IV tumours (GBM) are the most aggressive and, unfortunately, also the most common in humans, growing rapidly, invading and altering brain function.

Most patients with GBM die of their disease in less than a year and none have long term survival.Extracranial metastases from GBM are extremely rare, with a reported frequency of only 0.44% because of the absence of lymphatics in the brain and the difficulty of tumours to penetrate blood vessels.

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(PMID = 21614314.001).

[ISSN] 1823-5530

[Journal-full-title] Biomedical imaging and intervention journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Biomed Imaging Interv J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Malaysia

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3097703

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; GBM / Glioblastoma multiforme / extracranial metastases / glioma

   

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[Title] Knockdown of GluR1 expression by RNA interference inhibits glioma proliferation.

High-grade gliomas release excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate which contributes to their malignant phenotype.

To improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which glutamate enhances tumor growth and invasion, we examined alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-mediated signaling in glioma cell lines. shRNA was used to stably knockdown GluR1, the most abundant AMPA receptor subunit in glioma, to evaluate its role in tumor signaling, proliferation and tumorigenicity.

In a tissue array, there was a statistically significant increase in GluR1 expression in glioblastoma samples compared to anaplastic astrocytoma and low-grade tumors.

Retroviral delivery of GluR1 shRNA in U251 and U87 glioma cells reduced GluR1 protein expression, inhibited AMPA-mediated increases in MAPK phosphorylation, and decreased glioma proliferation in vitro.

These results suggest that AMPA receptors are abundantly expressed in high-grade gliomas and gene silencing of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit results in abrogation of AMPA-mediated signaling and tumor growth.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects. Glioma / prevention & control. RNA Interference / physiology. RNA, Small Interfering / therapeutic use. Receptors, AMPA / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Carcinogenicity Tests. Cell Cycle / drug effects. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Down-Regulation / drug effects. Down-Regulation / genetics. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Mice. Mice, Nude. Microarray Analysis / methods. RNA, Double-Stranded / pharmacology. Signal Transduction / drug effects

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(PMID = 18317690.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / RNA, Double-Stranded; 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; 0 / Receptors, AMPA; 0 / glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1

   

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Glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is a very aggressive form of brain cancer with a poor survival and few qualified predictive markers.

A system level analysis was used to construct GBM-specific network.

Computation of topological parameters of networks showed scale-free pattern and hierarchical organization.

Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed CSK21 to be moderately upregulated and PP1A to be overexpressed by 20-fold in GBM tumor samples.

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[Copyright] (c)2010 AACR.

(PMID = 20663907.001).

[ISSN] 1538-7445

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.11.1 / Casein Kinase II; EC 3.1.3.16 / Protein Phosphatase 1

   

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[Title] Biochemical and cytogenetic analysis of brain tissues in different grades of glioma patients.

BACKGROUND: Glioma, a neoplasm of neuroglial cells, is the most common type of brain tumor, constituting more than 50% of all brain tumors.

PURPOSE: This report summarizes the current knowledge regarding the clinical utility of biochemical enzyme markers for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in different grades of glioma.

METHODS: Sixty patients with different grades of glioma include glioblastoma multiforme (n=20), Anaplastic astrocytoma (n=10).

Ependymoma (n=10), Pilocytic astrocytoma (n=10) and patients with benign lesions (n=5) served as controls.

CK, Na-K(+) ATPases, 5'-Nucleotidases showed marked increase in grade IV.

Similarly, Mg2-ATPase, Ca2+ATPases showed significant increase in grade III.

CONCLUSION: The clinical importance for classification and treatment of glioma is governed by biochemical enzyme markers.

The study of enzymes supported by related chromosomal changes is anticipated to provide better appreciation of biological properties in different grades of glioma.

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(PMID = 25205887.001).

[ISSN] 0972-7531

[Journal-full-title] Annals of neurosciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4116979

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Antioxidants / Biochemical profile in glioma / Chromosomal aberrations / Enzymes / Glioma

   

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[Title] Spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma with leptomeningeal dissemination to the brain. Case report and review of the literature.

Leptomeningeal dissemination of low-grade spinal cord gliomas is an uncommon event.

The authors report a unique case of leptomeningeal dissemination of a spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma (PCA) to the intracranial cerebral subarachnoid spaces in a child.

An intradural intramedullary spinal cord tumor was identified, and the lesion was subtotally resected and diagnosed by the pathology department to be a PCA.

Subsequently, the patient had recurrences of the intradural intramedullary tumor at 6 months and 2 years after his original presentation.

He underwent a repeated resection of the recurrent tumor and fenestration of an associated syrinx on both occasions.

The pathological characteristics of the reresected tumor remained consistent with those of a PCA.

Postoperative imaging after his last surgery revealed diffuse intracranial leptomeningeal dissemination into the cisternal space surrounding the midbrain, the suprasellar region, and the internal auditory canal, as well as nodular subarachnoid disease in the upper cervical region.

The patient then underwent chemotherapy, and total spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging 2 months later demonstrated stability in the size of the spinal cord tumor and a decrease in the associated syrinx.

However, an MR image of the head demonstrated two new areas of supratentorial subarachnoid leptomeningeal spread of the primary spinal cord tumor at the 2-month follow-up examination.

At the 6-month follow-up examination, MR imaging of the head and spine demonstrated stable metastatic disease.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / secondary. Brain Neoplasms / secondary. Meningeal Neoplasms / secondary. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Child, Preschool. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery

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(PMID = 17184088.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 45

   

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[Title] Hypofractionated radiotherapy boost for dose escalation as a treatment option for high-grade spinal cord astrocytic tumor.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the outcome of post-operative radiotherapy for spinal cord glioma with the emphasis on the hypofractionated radiotherapy boost for dose escalation as a treatment option for high-grade spinal cord astrocytic tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with spinal cord glioma received post-operative radiotherapy between 1979 and 2003.

There were 12 low-grade astrocytic tumors, 11 high-grade astrocytic tumors, 16 low-grade ependymal tumors and 2 high-grade ependymal tumors.

Among 11 patients with high-grade astrocytic tumors, 5 with anaplastic astrocytoma and 1 with glioblastoma received hypofractionated radiotherapy boost for dose escalation.

RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier survival rates at 10 years from the date of the first surgery were 64% for the entire group, 47% for the astrocytic tumors and 84% for the ependymal tumors, respectively (P=0.009).

Among 11 patients with high-grade astrocytic tumors, the actuarial survival rate at 10 years was 35%.

The actuarial survival rates at 10 years were 67% for those who received hypofractionated radiotherapy boost for dose escalation, and 20% for those who did not (P=0.47).

DISCUSSION: The results for ependymal tumors and low-grade astrocytic tumors were comparable to those reported in the literature.

Hypofractionated radiotherapy boost for dose escalation may help to prolong the survival of patients with high-grade astrocytic tumors.

[MeSH-major] Dose Fractionation. Glioma / radiotherapy. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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[Cites] J Clin Oncol. 1992 Sep;10(9):1379-85 [1325539.001]

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(PMID = 16314938.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Most are syndrome associated and include pilocytic astrocytoma in neurofibromatosis type 1 and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Acquired, more conventional, diffuse astrocytomas are less frequent.

The tumor was sporadic in occurrence and unilateral, low grade, and of cellular type.

The literature regarding retinal glial neoplasia including ependymoma as well as the so-called massive retinal gliosis is discussed.

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(PMID = 18835620.001).

[ISSN] 1532-8392

[Journal-full-title] Human pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Third ventricular chordoid glioma: clinicopathological study of two cases with evidence for a poor clinical outcome despite low grade histological features.

Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle is a rare glial tumour whose precise histogenesis remains uncertain.

The neoplasm tends to occur in women and its clinical presentation is variable, resulting from acute hydrocephalus or impingement upon local structures.

The main differentials for histological diagnosis include chordoid meningiomas, pilocytic astrocytomas and ependymomas.

[MeSH-major] Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / pathology. Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / physiopathology. Glioma / pathology. Glioma / physiopathology. Third Ventricle / pathology

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(PMID = 16008819.001).

[ISSN] 0305-1846

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology and applied neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] Tumor antigen precursor protein profiles of adult and pediatric brain tumors identify potential targets for immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated and compared tumor antigen precursor protein (TAPP) profiles in adult and pediatric brain tumors of 31 genes related to tumor associated antigens (TAA) for possible use in immunotherapy.

METHODS: Thirty-seven brain tumor specimens from 11 adult and 26 pediatric patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR for the relative expression of 31 TAPP mRNAs.

Histological diagnoses consisted of 16 glioblastomas, 4 low grade astrocytomas, 10 juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, and 7 ependymomas.

RESULTS: The adult gliomas expressed 94% (29 of 31) of the TAPP mRNAs evaluated compared with pediatric brain tumors that expressed 55-74% of the TAPP mRNAs, dependent on tumor histological subtype.

The pediatric brain tumors lacked expression of some genes associated with engendering tumor survival, such as hTert and Survivin.

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(PMID = 18259692.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA121258; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 046463; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 121258; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R21 NS057829; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 054093; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 056300; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R21 NS056300; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R21 NS046463; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 057829

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Protein Precursors; 0 / RNA, Messenger

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS572988; NLM/ PMC4005736

   

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[Title] Management of tectal glioma in childhood.

Tectal glioma is a topographical diagnosis including tumors of different histology, mainly low-grade astrocytomas.

This report discusses the management of this rare tumor in children.

Clinical charts of 12 children with tectal glioma treated in our department between 1976 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed.

The duration between first symptoms and the diagnosis of tectal glioma was in the range of 2 days to 9 years.

Ten patients presented with symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure, one patient presented with ataxia, and in one case tectal glioma was an incidental finding.

First-line therapy was endoscopic third ventriculostomy in 5 cases (42%), ventriculoperitoneal shunting in 6 cases (50%), and combined partial tumor resection and shunting in one case.

Histology was obtained in 5 cases (low-grade astrocytoma, n = 4; ependymoma, n = 1).

Tectal glioma represents a distinct subgroup of brainstem tumors associated with a good (or favorable) prognosis.

Effective treatment for hydrocephalus is essential; the tumor should be monitored by regular clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging.

Biopsy is warranted in cases with tumor progression.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Glioma / pathology. Glioma / therapy. Superior Colliculi / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Management. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Infant. Male. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 15876519.001).

[ISSN] 0887-8994

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Phase I single-dose study of intracavitary-administered iodine-131-TM-601 in adults with recurrent high-grade glioma.

PURPOSE: TM-601 binds to malignant brain tumor cells with high affinity and does not seem to bind to normal brain tissue.

Preclinical studies suggest that iodine-131 (131I) -TM-601 may be an effective targeted therapy for the treatment of glioma.

We evaluated the safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of intracavitary-administered 131I-TM-601 in patients with recurrent glioma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult patients (17 with glioblastoma multiforme and one with anaplastic astrocytoma) with histologically documented recurrent glioma and a Karnofsky performance status of > or = 60% who were eligible for cytoreductive craniotomy were enrolled.

An intracavitary catheter with subcutaneous reservoir was placed in the tumor cavity during surgery.

Two weeks after surgery, patients received a single dose of 131I-TM-601 from one of three dosing panels (0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 mg of TM-601), each labeled with 10 mCi of 131I.

RESULTS: Intracavitary administration was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities observed.

131I-TM-601 bound to the tumor periphery and demonstrated long-term retention at the tumor with minimal uptake in any other organ system.

At day 180, four patients had radiographic stable disease, and one had a partial response.

Two of these patients further improved and were without evidence of disease for more than 30 months.

CONCLUSION: A single dose of 10 mCi 131I-TM-601 was well tolerated for 0.25 to 1.0 mg TM-601 and may have an antitumoral effect.

[MeSH-major] Brachytherapy. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Glioma / radiography. Iodine Radioisotopes / administration & dosage. Iodine Radioisotopes / adverse effects. Scorpion Venoms / administration & dosage. Scorpion Venoms / adverse effects

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Karnofsky Performance Status. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radiotherapy. Radiometry. Radiopharmaceuticals / administration & dosage. Radiopharmaceuticals / adverse effects. Radiotherapy Dosage. Survival Analysis. Time Factors. Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16877732.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Chlorotoxin; 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0 / Scorpion Venoms

   

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[Title] Expression and aberrant promoter methylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 in human astrocytomas.

BACKGROUND: Wnt inhibitory factor-1(WIF-1) acts as a Wnt-antagonists and tumor suppressor, but hypermethylation of WIF-1 gene promoter and low expression activate Wnt signaling aberrantly and induce the development of various human tumors.

With this work we intended to investigate the expression and promoter methylation status of WIF-1 gene in human astrocytomas.

METHODS: The tissue samples consisted of 53 astrocytomas and 6 normal brain tissues.

RESULTS: The average expression levels of WIF-1 protein and mRNA in astrocytomas were decreased significantly compared with normal control tissues.

The protein and mRNA expression of WIF-1 gene in astrocytomas was decreased with the increase of pathological grade.

Furthermore, WIF-1 promoter methylation was observed by MS-PCR in astrocytomas which showed significant reduction of WIF-1 expression.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the WIF-1 gene is frequently down-regulated or silenced in astrocytomas by aberrant promoter methylation.

This may be an important mechanism in astrocytoma carcinogenesis.

[MeSH-major] Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / biosynthesis. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. DNA Methylation. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Repressor Proteins / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 20334650.001).

[ISSN] 1756-9966

[Journal-full-title] Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / Repressor Proteins; 0 / WIF1 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2851677

   

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[Title] Human interferon beta, nimustine hydrochloride, and radiation therapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed malignant astrocytomas.

Previous investigators have reported encouraging results for malignant gliomas treated using a combination of human interferon beta (IFN-beta) with nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) and radiation therapy (termed IAR therapy).

This study was undertaken to examine further the efficacy of the IAR regimen followed by maintenance therapy with IFN-beta and ACNU in patients with newly diagnosed malignant astrocytomas.

Of 33 patients assessable for a response, 11 responded (33%), with 4 complete responses.

The estimated median overall survival (OS) was 16 months, with values of 58 and 13 months for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma (GB) patients, respectively.

The IAR therapy was safe and well tolerated.

Based on a statistical analysis of the factors that affected the PFS and OS, histologic grade, postoperative Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), and extent of surgery were identified as independent predictors.

In addition, they emphasize the importance of a preserved KPS after cytoreductive surgery, which could produce a potential benefit for adjuvant therapy and could ultimately lead to a prolonged survival.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Supratentorial Neoplasms / drug therapy. Supratentorial Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 15803376.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0S726V972K / Nimustine; 77238-31-4 / Interferon-beta

   

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[Title] The use of hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-181b and hsa-miR-106a as prognostic indicators of astrocytoma.

BACKGROUND: The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with a variety of diseases including cancers.

In the present study, the miRNA expression profile was examined in astrocytoma, a malignant and prevalent intracranial tumour in adults.

METHODS: We screened the expression profile of 200 miRNAs in a training sample set consisting of 84 astrocytoma samples and 20 normal adjacent tissue (NAT) samples using the method of stem-loop quantitative RT-PCR.

The significantly altered miRNAs were validated in another independent sample set consisting of 40 astrocytoma samples and 40 NAT samples.

The correlation of the miRNA levels with survival in astrocytoma samples was estimated by performing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate/multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

RESULTS: After a two-phase selection and validation process, seven miRNAs were found to have a significantly different expression profile in astrocytoma samples upon comparison to the NAT samples.

Unsupervised clustering analysis further revealed the great potential of the 7-miRNA profile to differentiate between tumours and normal brain tissues.

The down-regulation of hsa-miR-137 in astrocytomas was shown to be associated with advanced clinical stages of this disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a great potential for the use of miRNA profiling as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic marker in defining the signature of astrocytomas and in predicting the post-surgical outcome.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. MicroRNAs / metabolism

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20219352.001).

[ISSN] 1879-0852

[Journal-full-title] European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / MIRN106 microRNA, human; 0 / MIRN21 microRNA, human; 0 / MIrn181 microRNA, human; 0 / MicroRNAs

   

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[Title] Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression positively correlates with angiogenesis and peritumoural brain oedema in astrocytoma.

BACKGROUND: Astrocytoma is the most malignant intracranial neoplasm and is characterized by high neovascularization and peritumoural brain oedema.

METHODS: The expression of two angiogenic growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were investigated using immunohistochemistry for astrocytoma from 82 patients and 11 normal human tissues.

RESULTS: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor positively correlate with the pathological grade of astrocytoma, microvessel density numbers and brain oedema, which may be responsible for the increased tumour neovascularization and peritumoural brain oedema.

CONCLUSION: The results support the idea that inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor are useful for the treatment of human astrocytoma and to improve patient's clinical outcomes and prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / blood supply. Brain Edema / etiology. Brain Neoplasms / blood supply. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / biosynthesis. Neovascularization, Pathologic / metabolism. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 19385471.001).

[ISSN] 1025-9589

[Journal-full-title] Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

[ISO-abbreviation] J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Pakistan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; 103107-01-3 / Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

   

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Montelukast and pranlukast were found to inhibit nucleotide-induced calcium mobilization in a human monocyte-macrophage like cell line, DMSO-differentiated U937 (dU937).

Therefore, these antagonists were studied functionally in a heterologous expression system for the human P2Y receptors.

In 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably expressing human P2Y(1,2,4,6) receptors, CysLT1 antagonists inhibited both the P2Y agonist-induced activation of phospholipase C and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.

In control astrocytoma cells expressing an endogenous M3 muscarinic receptor, 10 microM montelukast had no effect on the carbachol-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+.

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(PMID = 16280122.001).

[ISSN] 0006-2952

[Journal-full-title] Biochemical pharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Biochem. Pharmacol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 DK031116-21

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Acetates; 0 / Chromones; 0 / DNA Primers; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Quinolines; 0 / Receptors, Leukotriene; 0 / Receptors, Purinergic P2; 0 / leukotriene D4 receptor; 0 / pranlukast; MHM278SD3E / montelukast; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium; UT0S826Z60 / Uridine Triphosphate

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS31385; NLM/ PMC4967539

   

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[Title] Residual or recurrent cerebellar low-grade glioma in children after tumor resection: is re-treatment needed? A single center experience from 1983 to 2003.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report on children with cerebellar low-grade glioma (LGG), who were found to have progressive or nonprogresssive residual tumors or tumor recurrence after tumor resection.

RESULTS: Of 289 patients with CNS tumors referred between 1983 and 2003, 28 (9.7%) (15 male, 13 female; median age at diagnosis: 71 months) had cerebellar LGG (pilocytic astrocytoma grade I: n = 21; fibrillary astrocytoma grade II: n = 5; mixed hamartoma/pilocytic astrocytoma: n = 1; radiographic diagnosis: n = 1).

One patient underwent biopsy.

Only 1 additional patient had to undergo second surgery due to disease progression.

CONCLUSIONS: A 'wait and see' strategy is justified in patients with nonprogressive recurrent or residual cerebellar LGG after primary tumor resection.

However, long-term follow-up with repeated MRI is mandatory in these patients to detect disease progression.

Second surgery is indicated only in patients with unequivocal disease progression, as documented by MRI.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Cerebellar Neoplasms / surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neoplasm, Residual / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Infant. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Postoperative Complications / diagnosis. Postoperative Complications / mortality. Postoperative Complications / surgery. Reoperation. Retrospective Studies. Survival Rate

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

(PMID = 16636617.001).

[ISSN] 1016-2291

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

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[Title] The utility of MIB-1/Ki-67 immunostaining in the evaluation of central nervous system neoplasms.

The diagnosis and assignment of grade in neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), for the most part, are morphologically based and predicated on the interpretation of descriptions of what the phenotypic findings are for a particular tumor type.

Since assignment of grade and tumor type is the basis upon which therapeutic intervention is grounded, investigators have been searching for ancillary means by which morphologically based systems can be improved.

[MeSH-major] Antibodies, Antinuclear / analysis. Antibodies, Monoclonal / analysis. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / pathology. Ki-67 Antigen / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / immunology. Astrocytoma / pathology. Glioma / immunology. Glioma / pathology. Gliosis / immunology. Gliosis / pathology. Humans. Meningioma / pathology. Staining and Labeling

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(PMID = 15900115.001).

[ISSN] 1072-4109

[Journal-full-title] Advances in anatomic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv Anat Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Antinuclear; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / MIB-1 antibody

   

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[Title] Lack of expression of the liver-type glutaminase (LGA) mRNA in human malignant gliomas.

In the central nervous system (CNS), liver-type glutaminase (LGA) shows a unique nuclear localization suggesting its role in the regulation of transcription rather than in the cellular glutamine metabolism.

RT-PCR analysis of RNA derived from postoperative tissue samples revealed the absence or only traces of LGA mRNA in all (9) cases of malignant gliomas (astrocytoma anaplasticum, AA, WHO grade III; glioblastoma multiforme, WHO grade IV) examined.

The lack of LGA may be thus considered as a useful negative diagnostic marker of highly malignant gliomas in situ.

[MeSH-major] Glioma / metabolism. Glutaminase / deficiency. Liver / metabolism

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(PMID = 15663956.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3940

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci. Lett.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Complementary; 0 / RNA, Messenger; EC 3.5.1.2 / Glutaminase

   

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[Title] Temozolomide and oral VP-16 for children and young adults with recurrent or treatment-induced malignant gliomas.

BACKGROUND: Children and young adults with recurrent or treatment-induced malignant gliomas have limited responses to temozolomide or oral VP-16 when either is administered as a single agent.

We postulated that a combination of these two drugs for patients with recurrent or treatment-induced malignant gliomas might result in better and more prolonged responses.

PROCEDURE: Eleven patients with recurrent or treatment-induced malignant gliomas were treated with varying combinations of temozolomide (150-210 mg/m2/d for 5 days) and oral VP-16 (50 mg/m2/d for 4-12 days).

Diagnoses included recurrent brain stem glioma (2), recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma (2), and glioblastoma (7) (3 treatment-induced, 2 malignant transformations of lower grade tumors, 1 recurrence, and 1 second tumor arising 10 months after diagnosis of medulloblastoma).

All 11 patients had received radiotherapy (including 4 who received craniospinal radiation), and 7 had prior chemotherapy.

One patient had a complete response (CR), six had partial responses (PR), and four had progressive disease (PD).

There was one grade 4 neutropenia, but no other grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest there is activity of temozolomide in combination with oral VP-16 for children and young adults with recurrent malignant gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Glioma / drug therapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy. Neoplasms, Second Primary / drug therapy

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 16047359.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5009

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

   

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[Title] Identification of novel oligodendroglioma-associated candidate tumor suppressor genes in 1p36 and 19q13 using microarray-based expression profiling.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal arms 1p and 19q is the most common genetic alteration in oligodendroglial tumors and associated with response to radio- and chemotherapy as well as favorable prognosis.

Using microsatellite analysis, we previously identified the chromosomal regions 1p36.22-p36.31 and 19q13.3, as candidate tumor suppressor gene regions being commonly deleted in these tumors.

To identify genes within these regions that are downregulated in oligodendroglial tumors with LOH 1p/19q, we performed cDNA microarray-based RNA expression profiling of 35 gliomas with known allelic status on 1p and 19q, including 7 oligodendrogliomas and 8 diffuse astrocytomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, as well as 14 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and 6 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas of WHO grade III.

Microarray analysis identified 8 genes from these regions (MGC4399, SRM, ICMT, RPL18, FTL, ZIN, FLJ10781 and DBP), which all showed significantly lower expression in 1p/19q-deleted gliomas when compared to gliomas without 1p/19q losses.

In addition, we found that the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4C) gene at 19q13.3 demonstrated significantly lower expression in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III) when compared to well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II).

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 16550607.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7136

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Complementary; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins

   

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[Title] Metal binding of metallothioneins in human astrocytomas (U87 MG, IPDDC-2A).

Astroglia cells structurally and nutritionally support neurons in the central nervous system.

They play an important role in guiding the construction of the nervous system and controlling the chemical and ionic environment of neurons.

Our aim was to establish the inducibility and metal binding of MTs in two human astrocytoma cell lines, U87 MG (astrocytoma-glioblastoma, grade IV) and IPDDC-2A (astrocytoma, grade II), on exposure to cadmium chloride (1 microM).

We showed that MTs are constitutively expressed in both human astrocytoma cell lines.

In accordance with the higher malignancy grade of U87 MG, the amount of MTs was higher in U87 MG than in IPDDC-2A cells.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Metallothionein / metabolism. Metals / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cadmium Chloride / metabolism. Cadmium Chloride / pharmacology. Cadmium Chloride / toxicity. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Survival / drug effects. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Humans. Protein Binding / physiology

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(PMID = 17115260.001).

[ISSN] 0966-0844

[Journal-full-title] Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Biometals

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Metals; 9038-94-2 / Metallothionein; J6K4F9V3BA / Cadmium Chloride

   

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[Title] High-grade intramedullary astrocytomas: 30 years' experience at the Neurosurgery Department of the University of Rome "Sapienza".

OBJECT: The goal in this study was to review a series of patients who underwent surgical removal of intramedullary high-grade gliomas, focusing on the functional outcome, recurrence rates, and technical problems continually debated in neurosurgical practice.

METHODS: Between December 1976 and December 2006, 22 patients underwent removal of intramedullary high-grade gliomas.

RESULTS: Histological examinations showed 10 Grade III astrocytomas and 12 glioblastomas.

Only 2 of the 22 high-grade astrocytomas could be completely removed.

In this series, multimodality treatment of intramedullary high-grade astrocytomas has been shown to increase length of survival without improving the neurological status.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Cervical Vertebrae. Child. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods. Neurosurgical Procedures / mortality. Rome. Spinal Cord / pathology. Spinal Cord / surgery. Thoracic Vertebrae. Time Factors. Treatment Outcome. Young Adult

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[CommentIn] J Neurosurg Spine. 2010 Feb;12(2):141-2; discussion 142-3 [20121347.001]

(PMID = 20121348.001).

[ISSN] 1547-5646

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery. Spine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Neurosurg Spine

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States