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[Title] A case of an elderly adult presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a rare hemorrhagic suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma.

Urgent surgery was performed and final pathology eventuated a pilocytic astrocytoma.

Although rare cases of suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma in children and adults have been reported, we report an interesting case of a hemorrhagic suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma in an elderly adult (without prior anticoagulant use) causing impending brain herniation secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebral Hemorrhage / etiology. Hydrocephalus / etiology

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(PMID = 19130737.001).

[ISSN] 0722-5091

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] [Updates on clinicopathologic researches of pilocytic astrocytoma].

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Astrocytoma / pathology

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(PMID = 18346360.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5807

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] China

[Number-of-references] 25

   

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[Title] Possible involvement of brain tumour stem cells in the emergence of a fast-growing malignant meningioma after surgical resection and radiotherapy of high-grade astrocytoma: case report and preliminary laboratory investigation.

The case of a 62-year old man diagnosed with radiation-induced meningioma (RIM) after treatment for astrocytoma with an unusually short latency period of 7 months is reported.

Gross total resection was performed and the tumour was confirmed to be an astrocytoma.

A rare fraction of brain tumour stem cells (BTSC) was isolated from the primary astrocytoma using a serum-free culture system, suggesting that BTSC may have been involved in the rapid emergence of RIM after resection and radiation of the primary astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / secondary. Meningioma / pathology. Meningioma / secondary. Neoplastic Stem Cells / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Combined Modality Therapy. Disease Progression. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Time Factors. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 19215696.001).

[ISSN] 0300-0605

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of international medical research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Int. Med. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

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[Title] [Detection and clinical significance of urinary epidermal growth factor in brain tumor patients].

METHODS: The levels of EGF in urine samples collected from 20 patients (9 low grade astrocytomas, 6 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 5 meningiomas) and 5 healthy individuals were determined.

RESULTS: Preoperative urinary EGF levels of astrocytoma patients were statistically higher than those of meningioma patients and the controls (P < 0.01).

Preoperative urinary EGF levels showed a positive correlation with the degree of malignance in the astrocytoma patients (P < 0.05).

A significant decrease of the postoperative levels of EGF was observed in the astrocytoma patients who underwent gross total resection (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The urinary EGF levels of astrocytoma patients correlate with the WHO grade of malignance and significantly decrease after gross total removal.

Urinary EGF may be of practical value in diagnosing and evaluating the surgical efficacy of astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / urine. Biomarkers, Tumor / urine. Brain Neoplasms / urine. Epidermal Growth Factor / urine

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(PMID = 16706130.001).

[ISSN] 1672-7347

[Journal-full-title] Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 62229-50-9 / Epidermal Growth Factor

   

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[Title] Akt-dependent proapoptotic effects of dietary restriction on late-stage management of a phosphatase and tensin homologue/tuberous sclerosis complex 2-deficient mouse astrocytoma.

PURPOSE: Malignant astrocytomas exhibit constitutive Akt phosphorylation due to reduced phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) tumor suppressor expression or to increased growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activation.

Many astrocytomas are also tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein deficient and exhibit constitutive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity.

Astrocytomas harboring PTEN/Akt/TSC2 pathway mutations are dependent on glycolysis to satisfy their bioenergetic requirements.

Therapies that disrupt energy homeostasis can potentially manage astrocytoma growth and progression.

Although dietary restriction (DR) reduces glycolysis and manages early-stage astrocytoma growth, no prior studies have identified the mechanisms involved or determined if DR can also manage late-stage tumor growth.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The effects of a late-onset intermittent DR feeding paradigm were examined in adult C57BL/6J mice bearing the syngeneic CT-2A malignant astrocytoma grown orthotopically or subcutaneously.

DR initiated 10 to 14 days after tumor implantation (late onset) reduced CT-2A growth, delayed malignant progression, and significantly extended survival.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that IGF-I/Akt signaling is associated with the antiapoptotic and glycolytic phenotype of the CT-2A astrocytoma and that DR targets this pathway.

Our findings highlight the efficacy of late-onset DR in managing astrocytoma growth and suggest that DR may be an effective broad-spectrum inhibitor of Akt signaling in PTEN/TSC2-deficient astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diet therapy. Brain Neoplasms / diet therapy. PTEN Phosphohydrolase / deficiency. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / deficiency

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(PMID = 19047102.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA102135; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 055195

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 3.1.3.67 / PTEN Phosphohydrolase

   

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[Title] Possible association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with susceptibility to adult and pediatric high-grade astrocytomas.

Polymorphisms in codon 72 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been associated with susceptibility to human cancer.

In this study, we scored 135 brain tumor samples (92 adult and 43 pediatric cases consisting of 64 high-grade astrocytomas and 71 non-astrocytomas) for the P53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms.

(ii) that there was a significant increase in the Arg/Pro heterozygous genotype among high-grade astrocytomas compared with non-astrocytomas (P = 0.002); and (iii) that there was a significant increase in the Arg/Pro heterozygous genotype among high-grade astrocytomas containing transdominant as well as recessive p53 mutations compared with controls (P = 0.002).

Our results suggest a possible association between P53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and susceptibility to brain tumors, particularly high-grade astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Codon / genetics. Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics. Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

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(PMID = 15950766.001).

[ISSN] 0169-328X

[Journal-full-title] Brain research. Molecular brain research

[ISO-abbreviation] Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / 5 U10 CA13539-29; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA90290

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Codon; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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[Title] High-grade astrocytoma in very young children.

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytomas are rare in young children, but have been reported to have a better prognosis than similar tumors in older patients.

PROCEDURE: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, survival, and long-term sequelae for patients younger than 3 years old with high-grade astrocytoma, treated at a single institution between 1984 and 2005.

Histology included anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 9), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 5), and malignant glioma (n = 2).

Six patients received scheduled irradiation and six were irradiated at the time of disease progression.

CONCLUSIONS: Young children with high-grade astrocytoma have better long-term overall survival than older patients, but recurrence is common, and most children require irradiation.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Age Factors. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Infant. Male. Neuropsychological Tests. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis. Recurrence. Retrospective Studies. Survival Rate. Treatment Outcome

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[Copyright] 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

[CommentIn] Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Dec;49(7):879-80 [17941062.001]

(PMID = 17554787.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5009

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 21765

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Epidermal growth factor receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in astrocytomas.

AIMS: The involvement of various growth factors, growth factor receptors and proliferative markers in the molecular pathogenesis of astrocytic neoplasms are being studied extensively.

Since EGFR and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are involved in mitogenic signal transduction and cellular proliferation pathway, we have studied the correlation between the expression of EGFR and PCNA labeling index in astrocytic tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and PCNA using the appropriate monoclonal antibodies in 40 cases of astrocytic tumors of which 21 cases were glioblastoma, eight cases were Grade III or anaplastic astrocytomas and six cases were Grade II or diffuse astrocytomas and five cases were Grade I or pilocytic astrocytomas.

RESULTS: Both the EGFR expression and PCNA labeling index increase with increasing grades of astrocytomas with a significantly high percentage of cells showing positive staining for both EGFR and PCNA in GBM and Grade III astrocytomas compared to Grade II astrocytomas.

The expression levels of both EGFR and PCNA were low in Grade I or pilocytic astrocytomas.

CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was found between EGFR overexpression and PCNA labeling index in Grade III and Grade II astrocytomas and glioblastoma.

These suggest that the tumor proliferation, at least in higher grades of astrocytomas is dependent in some measure on EGF and EGFR-related signaling pathways.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / metabolism. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / metabolism

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(PMID = 19127042.001).

[ISSN] 0028-3886

[Journal-full-title] Neurology India

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol India

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

   

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[Title] Cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings of a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic neoplasm with a relatively favorable prognosis.

Characteristic histologic features include pleomorphic tumor cells and lipidized cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), corresponding to a World Health Organization grade 2 tumor.

Computed tomography of the central nervous system revealed a supracallous periventricular tumor mass suggestive of either a lymphoma or a metastatic carcinoma.

CSF revealed 18 cells/mm3 and contained numerous tumor cells highly pleomorphic in size and shape.

A primitive glial proliferation was found, and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue obtained by biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic PXA.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / cerebrospinal fluid. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 21053559.001).

[ISSN] 0001-5547

[Journal-full-title] Acta cytologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Cytol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Human brain tumor imaging with a protein-binding MR contrast agent: initial experience.

In one nonenhancing low grade astrocytoma an enhancing nodule became visible only 5 h after gadofosvesest injection.

As shown in this initial report, contrast-enhanced intracranial tumor imaging is possible with the protein-binding blood pool agent gadofosveset.

The agent gives a significant tumor contrast in early postcontrast imaging comparable with conventional agents.

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[Cites] Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006 Apr;8(2):151-7 [16569375.001]

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(PMID = 19672603.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1084

[Journal-full-title] European radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Proteins; 0 / Contrast Media; 0 / Organometallic Compounds; AU0V1LM3JT / Gadolinium; XM33Q67UVH / gadofosveset trisodium

   

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[Title] Nitrosourea efficacy in high-grade glioma: a survival gain analysis summarizing 504 cohorts with 24193 patients.

Even though past studies have suggested efficacy of nitrosourea drugs in patients with high-grade glioma and temozolomide has recently been shown significantly to be beneficial, no conclusive comparisons between these agents have been published.

We performed a survival gain analysis of 364 studies describing 24,193 patients with high-grade glioma treated in 504 cohorts, and compared the effects of drugs.

The most frequent diagnoses were glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (72%) and anaplastic astrocytoma (22%).

This information allowed the calculation of a predicted mOS for each cohort based on their prognostic factors independent of treatment.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Glioma / drug therapy. Nitrosourea Compounds / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / pathology. Carmustine / adverse effects. Carmustine / therapeutic use. Clinical Trials as Topic. Cohort Studies. Data Interpretation, Statistical. Databases, Factual. Female. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / pathology. Humans. Lomustine / adverse effects. Lomustine / therapeutic use. Male. Nimustine / adverse effects. Nimustine / therapeutic use. Reproducibility of Results. Selection Bias. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 18253699.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 16672

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Nitrosourea Compounds; 0S726V972K / Nimustine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine; U68WG3173Y / Carmustine

   

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METHODS: In this study expression of TSGA10 and SYCP3 were investigated in different cancers (156 tumor samples) using RT-PCR.

But, SYCP3 transcripts were found in four tumor samples (moderately differentiated gemistocytic astrocytoma, pituitary adenoma, glioma and an ovarian tumor).

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Gene Expression. Neoplasms / genetics. Neoplasms / pathology. Nuclear Proteins / genetics. Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 17920210.001).

[ISSN] 0361-090X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer detection and prevention

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Detect. Prev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Proteins; 0 / SYCP3 protein, human; 0 / TSGA10 protein, human

   

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The neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF) are expressed in astrocytomas, and an inverse association of TrkA expression with malignancy grade was described.

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. Enzyme Activation / drug effects. Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism. Gene Transfer Techniques. Humans. JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism. Nerve Growth Factor / pharmacology. Vacuoles / ultrastructure

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(PMID = 17635673.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3042

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurochemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 9061-61-4 / Nerve Growth Factor; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, trkA; EC 2.7.11.24 / Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; EC 2.7.11.24 / JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

   

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[Title] Production of a monoclonal antibody against the hRRM2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and immunohistochemistry study of human cancer tissues.

We report production of a monoclonal antibody against the hRRM2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of human cancer tissues available in paraffin block.

No staining was identified on astrocytoma, mesothelioma, or myeloma.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Antigens, Neoplasm / immunology. Breast Neoplasms / metabolism. Carcinoma / metabolism. Humans. Hybridomas / metabolism. Mice. Mice, Inbred BALB C. Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods. Ribonucleotide Reductases / immunology

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(PMID = 17044781.001).

[ISSN] 1554-0014

[Journal-full-title] Hybridoma (2005)

[ISO-abbreviation] Hybridoma (Larchmt)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; EC 1.17.4.- / Ribonucleotide Reductases; EC 1.17.4.- / ribonucleotide reductase M2; EC 1.17.4.1 / Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase

   

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[Title] Successful chemotherapy for congenital malignant gliomas: a report of two cases.

We describe the cases of 2 patients with a congenital malignant glioma that responded to chemotherapy.

A T(1)-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance image showed a large tumor in his right frontal lobe.

The tumor was partially resected, and the histological diagnosis was malignant ganglioglioma.

The child then underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy (mainly carboplatin and etoposide), and the residual tumor shrank.

The tumor was then partially resected during a second operation, after which the patient underwent 5 cycles of chemotherapy (a combination of carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine, ifosfamide, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide).

The tumor has not recurred in more than 8.5 years.

The T(1)-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance image showed a large suprasellar tumor.

The tumor was partially resected, and the histological diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma.

The patient underwent 8 cycles of chemotherapy (MCNU, carboplatin and etoposide) and the tumor has not recurred in more than 7.5 years.

Our experience indicates that, if surgical removal and chemotherapy are done aggressively for malignant gliomas in neonates and infants, long-term survival is possible.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Ganglioglioma / therapy

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 16714866.001).

[ISSN] 1016-2291

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Nitrosourea Compounds; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; RYH2T97J77 / ranimustine

   

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[Title] Neurologically presenting Whipple disease: case report and review of the literature.

A previously healthy male with subacute onset right leg weakness was suspected to have an astrocytoma as imaging showed a lesion.

Subsequent biopsy showed the presence of foamy macrophages containing periodic acid-Schiff staining granules, suggesting Whipple disease as a possible diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Spinal Diseases / pathology. Whipple Disease / pathology

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(PMID = 18381382.001).

[ISSN] 1472-4146

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Bacterial Agents; 75J73V1629 / Ceftriaxone; 8064-90-2 / Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

[Number-of-references] 5

   

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In the present study we complement and extend these findings by exploring patterning of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants, human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) and U-87 astroglioma cells on P:DLC.

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(PMID = 19833386.001).

[ISSN] 1878-5905

[Journal-full-title] Biomaterials

[ISO-abbreviation] Biomaterials

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Wellcome Trust / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 27YLU75U4W / Phosphorus; 7782-40-3 / Diamond

   

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[Title] Spinal glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands and meningeal dissemination: histopathological and radiological study of a pediatric case.

In the present report we describe a case of a 15-month-old child with a spinal GTNI of the cervical region and meningeal dissemination.

Histologically the tumor was composed of round, small neurocytic-like cells arranged around eosinophilic neuropil cores and embedded in a diffuse fibrillar glial component forming prominent "rosetted" neuropil islands displaying strong immunoreactivity for neuronal markers.

Cerebral GTNI shows abundant glial components not rarely exhibiting anaplastic features that justify their inclusion within the group of diffuse astrocytomas.

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(PMID = 19077041.001).

[ISSN] 1440-1789

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

   

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Procarbazine alone, or more commonly combined in the PCV (procarbazine, lomustine [CCNU], and vincristine) regimen, is also effective in treating gliomas comprising astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and oligodendrogliomas.

In conclusion, the use of procarbazine in combination with other drugs means that it remains a major anticancer drug in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma and gliomas.

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(PMID = 18360630.001).

[ISSN] 1176-6336

[Journal-full-title] Therapeutics and clinical risk management

[ISO-abbreviation] Ther Clin Risk Manag

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] New Zealand

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1936303

   

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The most common tumor in intracranial cavity was astrocytoma (56.68%), followed by meningioma (6.88%), medulloblastoma (5.66%) and ependymoma (5.56%).

The most common tumor in intraspinal cavity was ependymoma (38.46%), followed by meningioma (23.07%) and schwannoma (23.07%).

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / diagnosis. Cytodiagnosis. Ependymoma. Medulloblastoma. Meningioma. Neurilemmoma

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(PMID = 17183833.001).

[ISSN] 0377-4929

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Pathol Microbiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

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In primary cultured rat brain astrocytes and C6 astroglioma cells, both cRA and tRA decreased IFN-gamma-induced expression of interferon regulatory factor-1.

Furthermore, the effect of pre-treated RA was abolished in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating a requirement for de novo protein synthesis.

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(PMID = 15721283.001).

[ISSN] 0006-291X

[Journal-full-title] Biochemical and biophysical research communications

[ISO-abbreviation] Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Repressor Proteins; 0 / STAT1 Transcription Factor; 0 / STAT3 Transcription Factor; 0 / Socs1 protein, rat; 0 / Socs3 protein, rat; 0 / Stat1 protein, rat; 0 / Stat3 protein, rat; 0 / Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; 0 / Trans-Activators; 0 / Transcription Factors; 5688UTC01R / Tretinoin; 82115-62-6 / Interferon-gamma; 98600C0908 / Cycloheximide; EC 2.7.10.1 / Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.10.2 / Jak1 protein, rat; EC 2.7.10.2 / Jak2 protein, rat; EC 2.7.10.2 / Janus Kinase 1; EC 2.7.10.2 / Janus Kinase 2

   

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[Title] IGFBP2 is overexpressed by pediatric malignant astrocytomas and induces the repair enzyme DNA-PK.

To identify targets critical to malignant childhood astrocytoma, we compared the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase- associated genes between low-grade and high-grade pediatric astrocytomas.

The highest differentially overexpressed gene in high-grade astrocytoma is insulin-like growth factor- binding protein-2 (P = .0006).

Insulin-like growth factor- binding protein-2 stimulation had no effect on astrocytoma cell growth and migration, and minimally inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated migration, but not insulin-like growth factor-2-mediated migration.

DNA-PKcs is also highly overexpressed by high-grade astrocytomas.

These findings suggest insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 plays a role in astrocytoma progression by promoting DNA-damage repair and therapeutic resistance.

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(PMID = 18952587.001).

[ISSN] 1708-8283

[Journal-full-title] Journal of child neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Child Neurol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K08 CA092056; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R13 NS040925; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / 5R13NS040925-09; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K08 CA92056-01

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; EC 2.7.11.1 / PRKDC protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS473094; NLM/ PMC3674842

   

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[Title] Functional expression of A glutamine transporter responsive to down-regulation by lipopolysaccharide through reduced promoter activity in cultured rat neocortical astrocytes.

Moreover, LPS significantly inhibited the promoter activity of GlnT in the astrocytic cell line C6 glioma cells as well as primary rat neocortical astrocytes in culture.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Animals, Newborn. Base Sequence. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Membrane / drug effects. Cell Membrane / metabolism. Cells, Cultured. Encephalitis / chemically induced. Encephalitis / genetics. Encephalitis / metabolism. Endocytosis / drug effects. Endocytosis / physiology. Glutamic Acid / biosynthesis. Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology. Molecular Sequence Data. Neocortex / cytology. RNA, Messenger / drug effects. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Rats. Rats, Wistar

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[Copyright] (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 16583402.001).

[ISSN] 0360-4012

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuroscience research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Amino Acid Transport System A; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Lipopolysaccharides; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Slc38a1 protein, rat; 0 / glutamine transport proteins; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid

   

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[Title] l-Glutamate in Middlebrook 7H9 culture medium upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion from human astrocytoma cells.

Whilst investigating the secretion of MMP-2 from human U373-MG astrocytoma cells, we observed elevated MMP-2 secretion in response to Middlebrook 7H9 media but not to Mycobacterium tuberculosis itself.

Middlebrook 7H9 media did not stimulate MMP-1 or MMP-9 secretion from astrocytoma cells.

The excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate, at concentrations found in Middlebrook 7H9 media, induced significant astrocytoma MMP-2 secretion (p<0.05).

l-Glutamate-induced MMP-2 activity may contribute to neuropathology in various CNS diseases and may generate misleading data in pathogen studies where Middlebrook 7H9 is the culture medium.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma. Cell Culture Techniques / standards. Cell Line, Tumor. Diagnostic Errors / prevention & control. Extracellular Matrix / drug effects. Extracellular Matrix / enzymology. Extracellular Matrix / microbiology. Humans. Mycobacterium tuberculosis / drug effects. Mycobacterium tuberculosis / enzymology. Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / standards. Up-Regulation / drug effects. Up-Regulation / physiology

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(PMID = 18611410.001).

[ISSN] 0165-0270

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuroscience methods

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci. Methods

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Culture Media; 0 / Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2

   

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[Title] In vitro study of astrocytic tumour metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of glial brain tumours reported that higher grade of astrocytoma is associated with increased level of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and decreased levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr).

In this work, we studied the metabolism of glioma tumours by in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

1H-MR spectra were recorded in vitro from perchloric acid extracts of astrocytoma (WHO II) and glioblastoma multiforme (WHO IV) samples.

We observed differences between astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme in the levels of Cho, alanine, lactate, NAA, and glutamate/glutamine.

In astrocytoma samples, we found higher MR signal of NAA and lower signal of Cho and alanine.

The NAA/Cr ratio was higher in astrocytomas than in glioblastomas multiforme.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytes / pathology. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods. Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Aspartic Acid / analogs & derivatives. Aspartic Acid / therapeutic use. Brain / metabolism. Brain / pathology. Choline / chemistry. Choline / pharmacology. Chromium / chemistry. Creatine / chemistry. Glioblastoma / chemistry. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Glioma / pathology. Humans. In Vitro Techniques. Phosphocreatine / chemistry. Spectrophotometry

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(PMID = 16308427.001).

[ISSN] 0231-5882

[Journal-full-title] General physiology and biophysics

[ISO-abbreviation] Gen. Physiol. Biophys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Slovakia

[Chemical-registry-number] 020IUV4N33 / Phosphocreatine; 0R0008Q3JB / Chromium; 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; 997-55-7 / N-acetylaspartate; MU72812GK0 / Creatine; N91BDP6H0X / Choline

   

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OBJECT: Because activation of Notch receptors has been suggested to be critical for Ras-mediated transformation, and because many gliomas exhibit deregulated Ras signaling, the authors measured Notch levels and activation in primary samples and cell lines derived from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as the contribution of Notch pathway activation to astrocytic transformation and growth.

CONCLUSIONS: Notch activation contributes to Ras-induced transformation of glial cells and to glioma growth, survival, or both and as such may represent a new target for GBM therapy.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytes / metabolism. Case-Control Studies. Cell Line, Tumor. Humans. RNA, Messenger / metabolism

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[CommentIn] J Neurosurg. 2007 Nov;107(5):1060-1; author reply 1061-2 [17977283.001]

(PMID = 17367064.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 100011; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA94989; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA97257

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Notch

   

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[Title] Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in a patient presenting with fatal hemorrhage. Case report.

The authors report on a rare case of pilomyxoid astrocytoma in a patient presenting with fatal hemorrhage.

Because the pathological diagnosis was pilomyxoid astrocytoma, chemotherapy was administered.

In this report, the authors review the literature and discuss the clinical features and treatment of pilomyxoid astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Cerebral Hemorrhage / diagnosis

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(PMID = 18352771.001).

[ISSN] 1933-0707

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics

[ISO-abbreviation] J Neurosurg Pediatr

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 19

   

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[Title] Surgical outcome of low grade astrocytoma of brain.

This study was carried out in the department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of January 2003 to December 2006 to elucidate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in the management of low grade astrocytoma of brain.

For this purpose, a total number of 50 cases admitted during the study period with low grade astrocytoma of brain supported by clinical features and radiological investigations (CT and MRI scan) were included in this study.

Out of 50 patients 60.0% had gross total removal of tumor and 40.0% sub total tumor resection.

Histopathological study was done in all cases after tumor resection.

Among the gross total tumor removal cases highest percentage had good recovery (93.4%) in the immediate post operative period.

Another 2(4.0%), those underwent subtotal tumor resection died during subsequent follow up period at 8th and 14th postoperative day.

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(PMID = 20395910.001).

[ISSN] 1022-4742

[Journal-full-title] Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ

[ISO-abbreviation] Mymensingh Med J

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Bangladesh

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media

   

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[Title] Midline facial defects with hypertelorism and low-grade astrocytoma: a previously undescribed association.

We report on a child with midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH), median cleft lip, sphenoidal ventriculocele, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and low-grade astrocytoma in the cervicomedullary junction.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / complications. Brain Neoplasms / complications. Craniofacial Abnormalities / complications. Hypertelorism / complications

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(PMID = 17105323.001).

[ISSN] 1055-6656

[Journal-full-title] The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Cleft Palate Craniofac. J.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Efficacy of temozolomide is correlated with 1p loss and methylation of the deoxyribonucleic acid repair gene MGMT in malignant gliomas.

Promoter methylation of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair gene, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), is associated with improved outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma treated with temozolomide (TMZ).

Molecular genetic analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p, 19q, or 10q, p53 mutation, and MGMT promoter methylation was performed in 44 assessable tumor specimens obtained from 46 patients with recurrent malignant gliomas, including 21 with glioblastoma multiforme, 17 with anaplastic astrocytoma, and eight with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, which have heterogeneous features and variable histological diagnosis, to assess the correlation with the response to TMZ.

LOH of 1p in the heterogeneous population of malignant gliomas may be one of the important factors besides MGMT methylation that predict better outcome in patients treated with TMZ.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics. Glioma / genetics. Mutation / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / pharmacology. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. DNA Methylation. DNA Mutational Analysis. DNA Repair / genetics. Female. Genetic Markers / genetics. Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics. Genetic Testing. Humans. Loss of Heterozygosity / genetics. Male. Middle Aged. Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 17721049.001).

[ISSN] 0470-8105

[Journal-full-title] Neurologia medico-chirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Genetic Markers; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

   

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[Title] S100B Protein Regulates Astrocyte Shape and Migration via Interaction with Src Kinase: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROCYTE DEVELOPMENT, ACTIVATION, AND TUMOR GROWTH.

We show here that reducing S100B levels in the astrocytoma cell line GL15 and the Müller cell line MIO-M1 by small interference RNA technique results in a rapid disassembly of stress fibers, collapse of F-actin onto the plasma membrane and reduced migration, and acquisition of a stellate shape.

These results suggest that S100B might contribute to reduce the differentiation potential of cells of the astrocytic lineage and participate in the astrocyte activation process in the case of brain insult and in invasive properties of glioma cells.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytes / metabolism. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Cell Movement. Cell Shape. Nerve Growth Factors / metabolism. S100 Proteins / metabolism. src-Family Kinases / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Bucladesine / pharmacology. Cell Line, Tumor. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / genetics. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism. Humans. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / genetics. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism. RNA, Small Interfering / genetics. Rats. S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit. Stress Fibers / genetics. Stress Fibers / metabolism. Stroke / genetics. Stroke / metabolism. rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / genetics. rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism. rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / genetics. rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism

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(PMID = 19147496.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9258

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of biological chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Biol. Chem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Nerve Growth Factors; 0 / RAC1 protein, human; 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; 0 / S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; 0 / S100 Proteins; 0 / S100B protein, human; 0 / S100b protein, rat; 124671-05-2 / RHOA protein, human; 63X7MBT2LQ / Bucladesine; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.10.2 / src-Family Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 2.7.11.1 / glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; EC 2.7.11.26 / Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; EC 3.6.1.- / Rac1 protein, rat; EC 3.6.5.2 / rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; EC 3.6.5.2 / rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2659238

   

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[Title] Quantitative spectroscopic analysis of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence intensity in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas.

The fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) induced endogenously by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration has recently been used for the intraoperative visualization of glioma tissues.

To increase the sensitivity of photodetection, the emission spectra of 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence was quantitatively measured in tissues taken from six cases of en bloc resected diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas (2 diffuse astrocytomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 glioblastomas), and the correlation assessed between the fluorescence intensity and histological features.

The ratio of the peak emission intensity to reflected excitation intensity or fluorescence intensity ratio was less than 0.001 for all 36 non-tumor tissues.

The MIB-1 proliferation index was the most powerful determinant, suggesting that higher cell proliferation may govern preferential PpIX accumulation in glioma cells.

This preliminary study suggests that spectroscopic analysis may be useful for optimizing the removal of diffuse gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / chemistry. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / chemistry. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Protoporphyrins / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aminolevulinic Acid. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Photosensitizing Agents. Spectrometry, Fluorescence

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(PMID = 17317941.001).

[ISSN] 0470-8105

[Journal-full-title] Neurologia medico-chirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Photosensitizing Agents; 0 / Protoporphyrins; 553-12-8 / protoporphyrin IX; 88755TAZ87 / Aminolevulinic Acid

   

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[Title] Secondary cervical dystonia following stereotactic radiosurgery in a patient with thalamic glioma.

We report the first patient with secondary CD after stereotactic radiosurgery for thalamic glioma.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 27-year-old woman complaining of headache and left motor weakness was found to have a thalamic tumor on the right side.

Histopathologically, tumor samples manifested features of anaplastic astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Glioma / surgery. Postoperative Complications / etiology. Radiosurgery / adverse effects. Torticollis / etiology

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(PMID = 18053867.001).

[ISSN] 0090-3019

[Journal-full-title] Surgical neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Neurol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Epidemiology of gliomas in Israel: a nationwide study.

This report presents the descriptive epidemiology of glial tumors by histological subtype and tumor behavior.

The majority of tumors (78%) were classified as high grade; astrocytic tumors were the most frequent (85%), with glioblastoma multiforme accounting for 70% of them.

To enhance our understanding of these diseases, epidemiological studies should rely on well-defined histological tumor types, incorporating comprehensive information which will allow comparability between different groups of patients.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / epidemiology. Glioma / epidemiology. Jews / statistics & numerical data

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[Copyright] Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

[CommentIn] Neuroepidemiology. 2008;31(4):270 [18931524.001]

(PMID = 18931523.001).

[ISSN] 1423-0208

[Journal-full-title] Neuroepidemiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroepidemiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

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[Title] Prognostic factors in pediatric high-grade astrocytoma: the importance of accurate pathologic diagnosis.

To characterize a population of pediatric high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) patients by confirming the proportion with a correct diagnosis, and determine prognostic factors for survival in a subset diagnosed with uniform pathologic criteria.

Log-rank analysis was used to compare survival by patient, tumor, and treatment factors.

Pathologic misdiagnosis should be suspected in patients who are long term survivors of a pediatric high grade astrocytoma.

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(PMID = 20043190.001).

[ISSN] 1573-7373

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Application of apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy in identification of tumor component and grading of brain astrocytoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in identification of tumor element and grading of brain astrocytoma.

METHODS: Thirty-three patients with histologically confirmed astrocytoma underwent diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and conventional MRI before operation.

The values of ADC and FA of different regions in the same tumor and of astrocytoma of different grades were measured and compared.

RESULTS: The ADC values of the tumor parenchyma, necrotic region, peritumoral edema region were (1.28 +/- 0.44), (1.97 +/- 0.53), and (1.74 +/- 0.47) respectively, all significantly higher than that of the corresponding normal brain tissues [(0.80 +/- 0.18), P = 0.009, P = 0.000, P = 0.000] with significantly differences between the tumor parenchyma and necrotic region and peritumoral edema region (both P < 0.05), however, there was not significant difference between the necrotic region and peritumoral edema region.

The FA values of the tumor parenchyma, necrotic region, and peritumoral edema region were (0.18 +/- 0.07), (0.14 +/- 0.05), and (0.16 +/- 0.05) respectively, all significantly higher than that of the corresponding normal brain tissues [(0.58 +/- 0.10), all P = 0.000], without significant differences among the former 3 groups.

There were no significant differences in the ADC and FA values among the tumors at different grades, however, there was a tendency of ADC to decrease and of FA to increase along the increase of grade of tumor, although not significantly.

CONCLUSION: ADC value plays an important part in distinguishing tumor components and determining tumor boundary, and plays a certain role in judging the grade of astrocytomas.

FA value is vital to determine the tumor boundary, and has certain value in differentiating high-grade from low-grade astrocytomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Anisotropy. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging

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(PMID = 19257968.001).

[ISSN] 0376-2491

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua yi xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Collision tumor of meningioma and malignant astrocytoma.

The pathology of tumors reported collision tumors composed of meningioma and malignant astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Meningeal Neoplasms / surgery. Meningioma / surgery

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 21389747.001).

[ISSN] 1423-0305

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

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[Title] Up-regulation of NG2 proteoglycan and interferon-induced transmembrane proteins 1 and 3 in mouse astrocytoma: a membrane proteomics approach.

Traditionally, cell surface membrane antigens have served as biomarkers that distinguish brain tumor origin and malignancy.

In this study, membrane proteins were identified from a terminally differentiated mouse astrocyte (AC) and CT-2A astrocytoma (CT-2A) cell line using liquid-chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Therefore, our data suggest that the CT-2A tumor may be derived from NG2 glia rather than from fully differentiated astrocytes.

Moreover, the CT-2A cells also express a series of interferon-induced signature proteins that may be specific to this tumor.

These data highlight the utility of LC-MS/MS for the identification of brain tumor membrane biomarkers.

[MeSH-major] Antigens / metabolism. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Carrier Proteins / metabolism. Proteins / metabolism. Proteoglycans / metabolism. Proteomics

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Lineage. Chromatography, Liquid. Membrane Proteins / analysis. Mice. Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Up-Regulation

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(PMID = 18281150.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3835

[Journal-full-title] Cancer letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Lett.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P41 RR005351; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P41 RR005351; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P41 RR005351-20; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / P41 RR018502

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Ifit1 protein, mouse; 0 / Ifit3 protein, mouse; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Proteins; 0 / Proteoglycans; 0 / chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS48651; NLM/ PMC2726046

   

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[Title] [Characteristics of combining loss of heterozygosity of 1p/19q in glioma].

METHODS: The status of 1p and 19q of 138 glioma specimen from January 2009 to December 2009 was evaluated by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method, and the frequencies of combining LOH of 1p/19q were compared between different pathologies, brain sub-regions, genders and ages.

RESULTS: The frequencies of combined LOH of 1p and 19q of oligodendroglial (81.3%) and oligo astrocytic tumors (55.8%) were significantly higher than that of astrocytic tumor (22.2%) (P < 0.01), and the frequency of oligodendroglial tumor was significantly higher than that of oligo astrocytic tumor (P < 0.05).

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Glioma / genetics. Loss of Heterozygosity

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(PMID = 21163056.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5815

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Expression of corticosteroid-binding globulin in human astrocytoma cell line.

Glial tumor cells are known to be sensitive to glucocorticoids (GC) in vivo and in vitro.

Here we studied the expression of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in the low-grade malignant human astrocytoma cell line 1321N1.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Cell Line, Tumor. Transcortin / metabolism

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(PMID = 19172388.001).

[ISSN] 1573-6830

[Journal-full-title] Cellular and molecular neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glucocorticoids; 0 / Insulin; 0 / NR3C1 protein, human; 0 / Receptors, Glucocorticoid; 7S5I7G3JQL / Dexamethasone; 9010-38-2 / Transcortin; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone

   

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Here we show that HIV-1 Nef has an effect on the transcriptional levels of a cellular protein, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), that is preferentially expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system at late embryonic stages.

By its overexpression along with Nef, the authors demonstrate ALK ability to influence, at least in the U87MG astrocytic glioma cells, the mytogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K)-dependent pathway.

Moreover, although in the absence of a physical direct interaction, Nef and ALK activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are likely to contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in HAD.

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Transformed. Cell Line, Tumor. Chemokine CCL5 / metabolism. Chemokine CXCL12 / metabolism. Humans. Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases. Transcriptional Activation

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(PMID = 19455469.001).

[ISSN] 1538-2443

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurovirology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurovirol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CXCL12 protein, human; 0 / Chemokine CCL5; 0 / Chemokine CXCL12; 0 / nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; EC 2.7.10.1 / Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.10.1 / anaplastic lymphoma kinase

   

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IDH1 R132H mutations occur in approximately 70% of astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors.

Here, we show the high specificity and sensitivity of this antibody on Western blots and tissue sections from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor specimens.

This antibody is highly useful for tumor classification, in detecting single infiltrating tumor cells and for the characterization of the cellular role of mutant IDH1 protein.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Arginine / genetics. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Histidine / genetics. Humans. Mice. Oligodendroglioma / metabolism. Sensitivity and Specificity

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[CommentIn] Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Nov;118(5):603-4 [19847448.001]

(PMID = 19798509.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Mutant Proteins; 4QD397987E / Histidine; 94ZLA3W45F / Arginine; EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.42. / IDH1 protein, human

   

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We report a patient after resection of anaplastic astrocytoma and 5,580 cGy of total external-beam radiation treatments with brain radiation necrosis who underwent HBO2 therapy and developed a partial seizure during treatment.

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Astrocytoma / surgery. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Brain Neoplasms / surgery. Combined Modality Therapy. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Necrosis / etiology. Necrosis / pathology. Necrosis / therapy. Radiotherapy, Conformal / adverse effects

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(PMID = 15946345.001).

[ISSN] 0013-9580

[Journal-full-title] Epilepsia

[ISO-abbreviation] Epilepsia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Secondary supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor following irradiation in a patient with low-grade astrocytoma.

We report a case of a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) that occurred 12 years after cranial irradiation for a grade II astrocytoma.

Neuroimaging was unable to distinguish between a recurrence of the original neoplasm and the development of a new, distinct entity.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Cranial Irradiation. Frontal Lobe. Image Processing, Computer-Assisted. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Second Primary / diagnosis. Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / diagnosis. Supratentorial Neoplasms / diagnosis. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / analysis. Humans. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Synaptophysin / analysis

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(PMID = 15661719.001).

[ISSN] 0195-6108

[Journal-full-title] AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

[ISO-abbreviation] AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Synaptophysin

   

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[Title] ABCC drug efflux pumps and organic anion uptake transporters in human gliomas and the blood-tumor barrier.

We therefore analyzed the expression and localization of six members of the multidrug resistance protein family of ATP-dependent efflux pumps (ABCC1-ABCC6, formerly MRP1-MRP6) and of six organic anion uptake transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP1C1, OATP2B1, and OATP4A1) in 61 human glioma specimens of different histologic subtypes.

At the protein level, however, only OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 were detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy in the luminal membrane of endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier and the blood-tumor barrier, but not in the glioma cells.

ABCC4 and ABCC5 proteins were the major ABCC subfamily members in gliomas, localized both at the luminal side of the endothelial cells and in the glioma cells of astrocytic tumors and in the astrocytic portions of oligoastrocytomas.

These results indicate that expression of ABCC4 and ABCC5 is associated with an astrocytic phenotype, in accordance with their expression in astrocytes and with the higher chemoresistance of astrocytic tumors as compared with oligodendrogliomas.

Our data provide a basis for the assessment of the role of uptake transporters and efflux pumps in the accessibility of human gliomas for chemotherapeutic agents.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Drug Resistance, Multiple. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm. Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism. Endothelium, Vascular / pathology. Female. Humans. Male. Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism. Microscopy, Fluorescence. Middle Aged. Subcellular Fractions

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(PMID = 16357150.001).

[ISSN] 0008-5472

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; 0 / Membrane Transport Proteins; 0 / Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; 0 / Organic Anion Transporters

   

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[Title] A phase 1-2, prospective, double blind, randomized study of the safety and efficacy of Sulfasalazine for the treatment of progressing malignant gliomas: study protocol of [ISRCTN45828668].

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of patients suffering from WHO grade 3 and 4 astrocytic glioma remains poor despite surgery, radiation therapy and the use of current chemotherapy regimen.

Indeed, the median survival of glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade 4) patients is at best 14.6 month with only 26.5 percent of the patients still alive after 2 years and the median survival of anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade 3) is 19.2 month.

Recent evidence suggests that the transcription factor NF-kappaB is constitutively expressed in malignant gliomas and that its inhibition by drugs like Sulfasalazine may block the growth of astrocytic tumors in vitro and in experimental models of malignant gliomas.

A total of twenty patients with progressive malignant glioma despite surgery, radiation therapy and a first line of chemotherapy will be recruited and assigned to four dosage regimen of Sulfasalazine.

Primary endpoints are drug safety in the setting of malignant gliomas and tumor response as measured according to MacDonald's criteria.

DISCUSSION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Sulfasalazine as a treatment for recurring malignant gliomas.

[MeSH-minor] Administration, Oral. Adult. Aged. Brain Neoplasms. Disease Progression. Double-Blind Method. Female. Glioma. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Prospective Studies. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16448552.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] ISRCTN/ ISRCTN45828668

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 3XC8GUZ6CB / Sulfasalazine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1368982

   

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[Title] Treatments for astrocytic tumors in children: current and emerging strategies.

Despite these accomplishments, CNS tumors remain the leading cause of death in pediatric oncology.

Astrocytic tumors form the most common histologic group among childhood brain tumors.

They are a heterogeneous group that from a practical therapeutic point of view can be subdivided into low-grade astrocytomas (LGA), optic pathway gliomas (OPG), high-grade astrocytomas (HGA), and brainstem gliomas (BSG).

Careful follow-up without any treatment is indicated for a small percentage of patients diagnosed with LGA with an indolent course including children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Radiation therapy is generally recommended for children with progressive LGA, or after failure of chemotherapy, accomplishing tumor control at 10 years in over 60% of patients.

OPG is the most common type of brain tumor associated with NF1.

Tumor growth in some of these patients is slow with no treatment recommended for an extended period of time.

The prognosis for children with the remaining types of astrocytomas remains poor.

Careful evaluation of histology, location of the tumor, patient age, and consideration of treatment-related morbidity play an important part in selecting between clinical observation, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or investigational agents.

The goals of treatment for astrocytic tumors should extend well beyond objective responses and increased survival.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / therapy. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 16774296.001).

[ISSN] 1174-5878

[Journal-full-title] Paediatric drugs

[ISO-abbreviation] Paediatr Drugs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Number-of-references] 155