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[Title] Prognostic and survival-related factors in patients with well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas.

Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors with unpredictable biological and clinical behavior.

The present study reviews 50 patients with well-differentiated (WHO grade II) oligodendrogliomas, located in the cerebral hemispheres and operated upon between 1980 and 1998.

Prognostic factors studied include patient's age and sex, tumor location and extent, preoperative KPS, and extent of the surgical resection.

The long-term outcome and survival are not significantly correlated with the patient's age and sex, tumor location and extent, preoperative KPS and procedure for resection.

Interestingly, cases with late recurrences (more than 4 years after surgery) and longer survival are significantly associated to negative GF expression or slight positivity, as compared with the variable and more often moderate immunoreactivity of cases with early anaplastic recurrences and shorter survival time.

The presented data suggest that low proliferation indices and negative GF expression are associated with longer survival in well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / mortality. Oligodendroglioma / mortality

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aging. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Biomarkers, Tumor. Cell Proliferation. Child. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / analysis. Ki-67 Antigen / analysis. Male. Middle Aged. Neurosurgical Procedures. Prognosis. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17106834.001).

[ISSN] 0044-4251

[Journal-full-title] Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie

[ISO-abbreviation] Zentralbl. Neurochir.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

   

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[Title] Carboplatin and etoposide (CE) chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or progressive oligodendroglial tumors.

BACKGROUND: Oligodendroglial tumors are rare and chemosensitive diseases; but the overall results with current chemotherapy regimens cannot be considered satisfactory and other active treatments are necessary.

METHODS: In this phase II trial we evaluated the response rate of first or second line CE regimen (Carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1 and Etoposide 120 mg/m2 on days 1-3 every 28 days) in patients with recurrent/progressive oligodendroglial tumors.

Median age was 42 years (range 22-66); median ECOG PS was 0 (range 0-2); 9 patients had oligodendroglioma, 3 patients had oligoastrocytoma, 11 patients had anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 9 patients had anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.

Toxicity was mainly hematological, with grade 3-4 neutropenia in 5 (15.6%) patients.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Glioma / drug therapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy

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(PMID = 16645720.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin

   

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During these last 25 years, despite numerous phases III studies, standard of treatment in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) consisted of surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, while benefit of chemotherapy was a matter of debate.

A phase III study, conducted by EORTC and NCI Canada and involving 573 patients, concluded clearly to the benefit of adding temozolomide during and after radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment.

In the same time, for anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) the phase III study conducted by Cairncross, that compared radiotherapy to a schedule that deliver a chemotherapy with PCV followed by radiotherapy, failed to determine a significant benefit on overall survival, despite the particular chemosensitivity of theses tumors.

We review here the new place of chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of GBM and anaplastic gliomas, as well as the impact of these pivotal studies on second lines therapies, and future clinical research.

[MeSH-minor] Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic. Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic. Disease Progression. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / mortality. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Humans. Prognosis. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 15888391.001).

[ISSN] 1769-6917

[Journal-full-title] Bulletin du cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Bull Cancer

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Number-of-references] 72

   

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[Title] Disseminated spread of recurrent oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II).

Oligodendroglioma is a relatively uncommon primary brain tumour.

The occurrence of metastatic dissemination of oligodendroglioma is rare and usually occurs in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

The dissemination of WHO Grade II oligodendroglioma can occur and we report a patient with an initial diagnosis of a left temporal oligodendroglioma who presented with disseminated disease in the left temporal lobe, sellar region, medulla oblongata, both frontal lobes and ventricles more than 8 years later.

Histology at dissemination showed anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

Similar reports of metastatic dissemination of oligodendrogliomas reveal that the tumours may remain as WHO Grade II or may progress to anaplastic oligodendroglioma at metastasis.

However, regardless of the histological grade at metastasis, the prognosis of metastatic oligodendroglioma is poor.

[MeSH-major] Neoplasms, Second Primary / radiography. Oligodendroglioma / radiography

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(PMID = 16697645.001).

[ISSN] 0967-5868

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Scotland

[Number-of-references] 31

   

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Unfortunately, results of first generation targeted therapy trials for malignant gliomas (glioblastomas and anaplastic forms of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas) have been disappointing.

A new generation of trials is seeking to define whether inhibiting multiple targets simultaneously through utilization of less specific, multi-targeting drugs, or through combination of two or more single-targeted drugs, can overcome tumor resistance.

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(PMID = 19037835.001).

[ISSN] 1472-4472

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Opin Investig Drugs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Drugs, Investigational; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

[Number-of-references] 84

   

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Among the 55 NETs, a moderate-to-intense KA protein immunoreactivity was observed in 8 of 8 medulloblastomas, 1 of 1 central nervous system supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS supratentorial PNET), 4 of 4 retinoblastomas, 1 of 1 neuroblastoma, 8 of 8 central neurocytomas, 4 of 4 oligodendrogliomas, 4 of 4 oligoastrocytomas, 1 of 1 extraventricular neurocytoma, and 1 of 1 gangliocytoma.

No or a weak KA protein immunoreactivity was observed in 11 of 11 glioblastomas (GBs), 4 of 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 of 4 astrocytomas, and 4 of 4 pilocytic astrocytomas.

In addition, it could be a useful tool for performing the differential diagnosis between GBs and CNS supratentorial PNET.

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(PMID = 18458818.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; 0 / RASGRP3 protein, human

   

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[Title] Panel review of anaplastic oligodendroglioma from European Organization For Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 26951: assessment of consensus in diagnosis, influence of 1p/19q loss, and correlations with outcome.

The diagnosis of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AOD) or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) is subject to interobserver variation.

The aim of this study was to estimate consensus in typing and grading of these tumors using tumor material collected in a large prospective randomized phase III study and to correlate the consensus diagnosis with the 1p/19q status of the tumors and the clinical outcome.

The panel reached consensus on the diagnosis of AOD in 52% of the tumors that had been diagnosed as AOD by the local pathologists, whereas only 8% of the local diagnosis of AOA was confirmed with consensus.

The concordance on the panel diagnosis of AOD was high (intraclass correlation = 86%).

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. Gene Deletion. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

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(PMID = 17549014.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3069

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase III; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Univariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis according to a Cox model. p14(ARF), p16(INK4A) and PTEN expressions, and 10p 10q23, 10q26 and 13q LOH for the entire cohort, hTERT expression for high-grade tumours, EGFR for glioblastomas, 10q26 LOH for grade III tumours and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas were found to be correlated with overall survival on univariate analysis and age and grade on multivariate analysis only.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics. DNA Methylation. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Decision Making. Humans. Loss of Heterozygosity. Middle Aged. Multivariate Analysis. Prognosis. Promoter Regions, Genetic. Prospective Studies. Telomerase / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 18506188.001).

[ISSN] 1532-1827

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 2.7.7.49 / TERT protein, human; EC 2.7.7.49 / Telomerase; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2410116

   

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[Title] Temozolomide single-agent chemotherapy for newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

The treatment of patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) has been significantly impacted by the molecular detection of loss of sequences on chromosomes 1p and 19q.

Patients with AO with 1p/19q LOH can be safely treated with single-agent TMZ and do not appear to experience earlier or more frequent tumor progression.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. Combined Modality Therapy. DNA Methylation. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Disease-Free Survival. Humans. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Loss of Heterozygosity. Prognosis. Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 19011763.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes; YF1K15M17Y / temozolomide

   

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[Title] Molecular pathology of oligodendroglial tumors.

The term oligodendroglioma was created by Bailey, Cushing, and Bucy based on the observation that these tumors share morphological similarities with oligodendrocytes (Bailey and Cushing 1926; Bailey and Bucy 1929).

However, a convincing link between oligodendrocytes and oligodendrogliomas still needs to be shown.

Oligoastrocytomas or mixed gliomas are histologically defined by the presence of oligodendroglial and astrocytic components.

According to the WHO classification of brain tumors, oligodendroglial tumors are separated into oligodendrogliomas WHO grade II (OII), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas WHO grade III (OIII), oligoastrocytomas WHO grade II (OAII), anaplastic oligoastrocytomas WHO grade III (OAIII), and glioblastomas with oligodendroglioma component WHO grade IV (GBMo) (Louis et al. 2007).The perception of oligodendroglial tumors has changed in recent years.

The diagnosis of oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytomas is made much more frequently than 10 years ago.

Treatment modalities have been advanced and novel concepts regarding the origin of oligodendroglial tumors have been developed.

This review focuses on recent developments with impact on the diagnosis and understanding of molecular mechanisms in oligodendroglial tumors.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Chromosome Aberrations. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Genotype. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Mutation. Prognosis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 19322536.001).

[ISSN] 0080-0015

[Journal-full-title] Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Recent Results Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

[Number-of-references] 172

   

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[Title] Anaplastic oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma.

Until approximately 15 years ago, the diagnosis of an oligodendroglioma (OD) was merely as a pathologic entity.

The only clinical relevant meaning of this histologic diagnosis was the observation that the prognosis of OD was in general better than that of astrocytic tumors of similar grade.

Observations have led to the current tendency to consider 1p/19q loss low-grade and anaplastic oligodendroglioma a separate biologic entity, at least within clinical trials, since they have a much better outcome.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

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(PMID = 17964027.001).

[ISSN] 0733-8619

[Journal-full-title] Neurologic clinics

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol Clin

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

[Number-of-references] 75

   

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Radiation therapy has a definite place in the treatment of low-grade gliomas, but the timing is a matter of dispute.

Anaplastic astrocytomas should be treated with postoperative radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma should be treated with radiation therapy only.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Ependymoma / drug therapy. Ependymoma / radiotherapy. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Humans. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy Dosage. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

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(PMID = 17134603.001).

[ISSN] 1603-6824

[Journal-full-title] Ugeskrift for laeger

[ISO-abbreviation] Ugeskr. Laeg.

[Language] dan

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

[Number-of-references] 10

   

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During tumor development, neoplastic cells switch to an angiogenic phenotype, playing a significant role in the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Histopathology allows us to identify microtumors as classic oligodendrogliomas (CO; mean PI of 6.01 +/- 2.8%) and macrotumors as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO; mean PI of 14.06 +/- 5%).

Classic oligodendrogliomas show scarce VEGF165 expression whereas anaplastic ones display VEGF165 protein level 100-fold increased respect to CO.

Astrocytes, neoplastic, and endothelial cells show differential immunostaining patterns from the border to the core of neoplasm.

Anaplastic gliomas displaying VEGF-positive intratumor capillaries correspond to the highest PI values.

To identify the "angiogenic switch," we propose the glioma stage characterized by VEGF immunopositive neoplastic cells inside the tumor and positive endothelial cells surrounding it.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Female. Fetus / drug effects. Humans. Neoplasm Staging. Pregnancy. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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(PMID = 17917075.001).

[ISSN] 0895-8696

[Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Neurosci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Alkylating Agents; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; P8M1T4190R / Ethylnitrosourea

   

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[Title] The Treatment of Malignant Gliomas.

The optimal management of patients with malignant gliomas begins with the accurate determination of the pathologic diagnosis based on adequate sampling of the tumor.

Clear differences in prognosis and therapeutic options have been established for the various tumor grades and cellular classification.

Current recommendations, on the basis of the results of a recent phase III randomized trial, are that patients with glioblastoma should have maximal surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide.

For example, allelic loss of the 1p and 19q chromosome arms predicts a dramatic improvement in response to treatment and survival for tumors histologically classified as anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

Future advances for treating primary brain tumors likely will be directly related to our ability to molecularly subcategorize tumors and customize therapy based on the molecular profile within each histologic type and grade of tumor.

This is evident in preliminary data indicating that inactivation of the methyl guanine methyltransferase gene by hypermethylation of the promoter region specifically predicts a better tumor response rate to chemotherapies that alkylate DNA as their mechanism of action.

Similarly, elucidation of overly active signal transduction pathways within tumor cells may provide an opportunity to select the optimal therapeutic regimen composed of modulators of these pathways, analogous to restricting the use of trastuzumab to breast cancers expressing the Her-2 receptor.

Advances in treating primary malignant brain tumors will likely depend on collaborative clinical trials that are designed to select patients on the basis of histologic and molecular characteristics and to determine the optimal biologic dose of the best agent that can treat each specific tumor type.

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(PMID = 15967092.001).

[ISSN] 1092-8480

[Journal-full-title] Current treatment options in neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Treat Options Neurol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] CPT-11 for recurrent temozolomide-refractory 1p19q co-deleted anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

OBJECTIVE: A Phase II study of CPT-11 in adults with recurrent, temozolomide (TMZ)-refractory, 1p19q co-deleted, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) with a primary objective of determining 6-month progression free survival (PFS).

CPT-11 related toxicity included diarrhea (14 patients; 4 grade 3), neutropenia (8; 4 grade 3), fatigue (12; 3 grade 3), and delayed nausea/vomiting (12; 3 grade 3).

Time to tumor progression ranged from 2 to 13.5 months (median: 4.5 months).

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Camptothecin / analogs & derivatives. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

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(PMID = 18480965.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 0H43101T0J / irinotecan; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; XT3Z54Z28A / Camptothecin; YF1K15M17Y / temozolomide

   

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[Title] Anaplastic oligodendroglioma and gliomatosis type 2 in interferon-beta treated multiple sclerosis patients. Report of two cases.

The most common cerebral neoplasms reported in MS patients were oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma and gliomatosis.

MS can also present as a mass lesion that mimics a brain tumor.

To establish the correct diagnosis radiological follow-up and/or histological confirmation is needed.

One is a 26-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS and an anaplastic oligodendroglioma, the other a 49-year-old woman patient with relapsing-remitting MS and gliomatosis type 2.

Both patients were treated with interferon-beta1b and both died from the tumor.

The combination of a brain tumor and MS, and interferon-beta treatment could also be pure coincidence or an unknown side effect of treatment.

Although interferon-beta has been said to function as a tumor-suppressor protein, the influence of long-term treatment of MS patients on cancer development is not known.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / complications. Glioblastoma / complications. Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / complications. Oligodendroglioma / complications

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(PMID = 16378678.001).

[ISSN] 0303-8467

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neurology and neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Neurol Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adjuvants, Immunologic; 145155-23-3 / Interferon beta-1b; 77238-31-4 / Interferon-beta

   

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[Title] A t(1;19)(q10;p10) mediates the combined deletions of 1p and 19q and predicts a better prognosis of patients with oligodendroglioma.

Combined deletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q is associated with improved prognosis and responsiveness to therapy in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

Paraffin-embedded tissue was obtained from 21 Mayo Clinic patients and 98 patients enrolled in 2 North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) low-grade glioma trials.

Upon culture, one oligodendroglioma contained an unbalanced 45,XX,t(1;19)(q10;p10).

Among Mayo Clinic oligodendrogliomas, the prevalence of fusion was 81%.

Among NCCTG patients, CEP1/19p12 fusion prevalence was 55%, 47%, and 0% among the oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligoastrocytomas, and astrocytomas, respectively.

The median OS for patients with low-grade oligodendroglioma was 9.1 years without fusion and 13.0 years with fusion (P = 0.01).

The absence of alterations was associated with a significantly shorter OS for patients who received higher doses of radiotherapy.

Like combined 1p/19q deletion, the 1;19 translocation is associated with superior OS and progression-free survival in low-grade glioma patients.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Deletion. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12. Oligodendroglioma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics. Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic. Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic. Female. Humans. Interphase. Male. Middle Aged. Multivariate Analysis. Prognosis. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 17047046.001).

[ISSN] 0008-5472

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA114740; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA25224; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA85799; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA108961

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CNTRL protein, human; 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins

   

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[Title] Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas: a randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial.

PURPOSE: Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are more responsive to chemotherapy than high-grade astrocytomas.

We investigated, in a multicenter randomized controlled trial, whether adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or anaplastic oligoastrocytomas.

In the RT arm, 82% of patients with tumor progression received chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Adjuvant PCV chemotherapy does not prolong OS but does increase PFS in anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

Combined loss of 1p/19q identifies a favorable subgroup of oligodendroglial tumors.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

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[CommentIn] Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007 Feb;4(2):78-9 [17228307.001]

[CommentIn] J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18):2689-90 [16782906.001]

[CommentIn] Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007 May;7(3):189-90 [17488583.001]

[CommentIn] Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007 Jan;3(1):14-5 [17205067.001]

(PMID = 16782911.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase III; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine; PCV protocol

   

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[Title] Lessons learned in the development of targeted therapy for malignant gliomas.

The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma remains poor despite standard treatment with radiotherapy and temozolomide.

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(PMID = 17620423.001).

[ISSN] 1535-7163

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer therapeutics

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer Ther.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / MTOR protein, human; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.11.13 / Protein Kinase C; EC 2.7.11.13 / Protein Kinase C beta

[Number-of-references] 78

   

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[Title] Chromosome 1p and 19q status and p53 and p16 expression patterns as prognostic indicators of oligodendroglial tumors: a clinicopathological study using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

To verify the prognostic implications of the statuses of chromosome 1p and 19q and the expressions of p53, p16 and GFAP in oligodendrogliomas, we investigated these parameters and correlated the results with patient outcome.

Twenty-seven cases of low-grade oligodendroglioma (LO) and 29 cases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) were analyzed by FISH for 1p and 19q status and by immunohistochemistry for p53, p16, and GFAP expression using a tissue microarray.

p53 overexpression was observed in 17 cases (30.3%), GFAP expression in 18 cases (32.1%), and p16 loss in 40 cases (74%) of oligodendrogliomas.

In contrast, p53 expression was more common in oligodendrogliomas with an intact 19q (P= 0.029), or an intact 1p (P= 0.071).

Therefore, in oligodendrogliomas, the absence of the combined deletion of 1p and 19q and the aberrant expression of p53 or loss of p16 could be used as poor prognostic markers.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. Genes, p16 / physiology. Genes, p53 / physiology. Oligodendroglioma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Gene Expression. Gene Expression Profiling. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / biosynthesis. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Male. Middle Aged. Mutation. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Prognosis. Survival Analysis. Tissue Array Analysis. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

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(PMID = 17319279.001).

[ISSN] 0919-6544

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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[Title] A phase II trial of primary temozolomide in patients with grade III oligodendroglial brain tumors.

Glial tumors with oligodendroglial components are considered chemo-responsive.

Forty newly diagnosed patients (11 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [OD] and 29 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas [OA]) were enrolled into this multicenter, open-label, single-arm Phase II trial of first-line temozolomide (200 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 every 4 weeks for 6 cycles).

Only 18% of the patients (7 of 40) experienced treatment-related grade 3/4 toxicities.

These data add to the growing body of data showing that primary chemotherapy may be an acceptable alternative to radiotherapy for patients with gliomas containing oligodendroglial histology.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / genetics. DNA Methylation. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Gene Deletion. Humans. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Loss of Heterozygosity. Male. Middle Aged. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20406900.001).

[ISSN] 1523-5866

[Journal-full-title] Neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuro-oncology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2940620

   

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[Title] Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion have a proneural gene expression profile.

BACKGROUND: In high grade gliomas, 1p19q codeletion and EGFR amplification are mutually exclusive and predictive of dramatically different outcomes.

We performed a microarray gene expression study of four high grade gliomas with 1p19q codeletion and nine with EGFR amplification, identified by CGH-array.

One of the most striking differences was the expression of normal brain genes by oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion.

Immunohistochemical study of the most differentially expressed neuronal gene, alpha-internexin, clearly differentiated the two groups of gliomas, with 1p19q codeletion gliomas showing specific staining in tumor cells.

CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence for neuronal differentiation in oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion and support the hypothesis that the cell of origin for gliomas with 1p19q codeletion could be a bi-potential progenitor cell, able to give rise to both neurons and oligodendrocytes.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Deletion. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Neurons / metabolism. Oligodendroglioma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Cluster Analysis. Genes, Neoplasm. Genome, Human / genetics. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Intermediate Filament Proteins / metabolism. Neoplastic Stem Cells / pathology. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / metabolism. Reproducibility of Results. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 18492260.001).

[ISSN] 1476-4598

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Intermediate Filament Proteins; 0 / alpha-internexin; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2415112

   

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Thus NGAL urinary detection has been proposed as a method for the early diagnosis of brain tumors.

In view of this, the objective of this study was to investigate whether NGAL expression differs according to brain tumor type or in primary vs. metastatic brain neolasias.

42 surgically resected formalin fixed and paraffin embedded neoplasias, including 15 cases of brain metastasis and 27 cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors (11 meningiomas; 1 pilocytic astrocytoma, 2 diffuse astrocytomas, 2 oligoastrocytomas, 2 oligodendrogliomas, 1 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, 7 glioblastomas, 1 ependymoma) were submitted to the immunohistochemical procedure.

NGAL staining was found in all the analyzed glioblastomas and in the anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.

In conclusion, our findings suggest that NGAL expression is restricted to high grade gliomas among primary brain tumors, and that brain metastases do not express this protein.

Considering the correlation between NGAL expression in tumors and its urinary levels, if our observations will be further validated, NGAL urinary detection might be used as an additional tool in the pre-surgical definition of brain lesions involving difficult differential diagnosis.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Metastasis. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20860895.001).

[ISSN] 0722-5091

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Acute-Phase Proteins; 0 / LCN2 protein, human; 0 / Lipocalins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins

   

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[Title] Radiotherapy plus concurrent and adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy for patients with malignant glioma.

We analyzed the clinical efficacy and toxicity of concurrent therapy as a first line modality for malignant glioma patients.

From 1998 to 2004, 39 patients, 22 with glioblastoma (GM), nine with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), 7 with anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and 1 with anaplastic oligodendro-astrocytoma (AOA) were enrolled in this study.

Grade III/IV hematological toxicity was reduced from 25.6 to 13% after reduction of the dose of CCNU (75 mg/m(2)).

The median interval from the completion of radiotherapy to the diagnosis of necrosis was 19 weeks.

Modified concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be a feasible option for treating malignant glioma with acceptable toxicity.

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(PMID = 17487391.001).

[ISSN] 1021-335X

[Journal-full-title] Oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncol. Rep.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

   

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[Title] Anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma occurring 6 years after subtotal resection of a central neurocytoma. Case report.

The authors present the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with an anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma that developed 6 years after subtotal resection of a central neurocytoma in his right lateral ventricle.

Histological examination revealed anaplastic oligodendroglioma in the parietal lobe and anaplastic astrocytoma in the insula.

One year later, the anaplastic astrocytoma was found to have transformed into a glioblastoma multiforme.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and immunohistochemical examinations detected deletions of the lp36 and 19q13 loci, and nuclear accumulation of TP53 protein in the anaplastic oligodendroglioma but not in the glioblastoma multiforme.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neurocytoma / surgery. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Neurosurgical Procedures. Time Factors

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(PMID = 17639893.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Pathology revealed astrocytoma in six cases (two pilocytic, four grade II), gangliogliomas in four cases, oligodendroglioma in two cases (one anaplastic), and lipoma in one case.

One (8%) patient died from progression of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and two (15%) underwent reoperation for recurrent tumor (ganglioglioma, grade II astrocytoma).

Serial imaging is recommended to guide subsequent resection for tumor recurrence and stabilization of progressive spinal deformity.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Cervical Vertebrae. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Lumbar Vertebrae. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neurosurgical Procedures. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Reoperation. Retrospective Studies. Thoracic Vertebrae. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17639420.001).

[ISSN] 1433-0350

[Journal-full-title] Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Childs Nerv Syst

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Establishment of prognostic models for astrocytic and oligodendroglial brain tumors with standardized quantification of marker gene expression and clinical variables.

In this study, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were done based on overall survival (OS) of 100 glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs, 92 events), 49 anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs, 33 events), 45 gliomas with oligodendroglial features, including anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO, 13 events) and oligodendraglioma (O, 9 events).

RESULTS: Age is positively associated with overall grade (4 for GBM, 3 for AA, 2_1 for AO_O), but lacks significant prognostic value in each grade.

Univariate models revealed opposing prognostic effects of ABCG2, MELK, BMI1, PROM1, IGFBP2, PAX6, RPS9, and MSI1 expressions for astrocytic (GBM and AA) and oligodendroglial tumors (AO_O).

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(PMID = 21234290.001).

[ISSN] 1177-2719

[Journal-full-title] Biomarker insights

[ISO-abbreviation] Biomark Insights

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3018892

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; gene expression markers / glioma / model / prognosis

   

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[Title] Multi-institutional phase II study of temozolomide administered twice daily in the treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas is poor and treatment options are limited.

METHODS: This multi-institutional trial enrolled 120 patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO).

Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (1.1%), thrombocytopenia (3.6%), and anemia (0.3%) (graded according to the World Health Organization grading system).

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(PMID = 18246536.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

   

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Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, and here we report two cases of this tumor.

A specimen obtained by open biopsy revealed anaplastic oligodendroglioma, which was diagnosed as gliomatosis cerebri.

Radiation at 54Gy, chemotherapy (ACNU, vincristine) and gamma-knife surgery were performed, and two months later MR imaging showed that the tumor (including the ringed enhanced lesion) had shrunk markedly.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial / diagnosis. Oligodendroglioma / diagnosis

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(PMID = 16689395.001).

[ISSN] 0301-2603

[Journal-full-title] No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] No Shinkei Geka

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

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This study presents eight cases of patients with brain lesions (four cases of meningiomas, one case of intracerebral cysts, one case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one case of multiform glioblastoma, and one case of occlusive hydrocephalus) who, for a significant period of time, were diagnosed and treated for psychiatric disorders (three cases of Alzheimer's disease, two cases of schizoaffective disorder, one case of schizophrenia, one case of depression, and one case of organic emotional lability disorder).

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Cognition Disorders / etiology. Glioblastoma / complications. Glioblastoma / pathology. Oligodendroglioma / complications. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

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(PMID = 19037181.001).

[ISSN] 1092-8529

[Journal-full-title] CNS spectrums

[ISO-abbreviation] CNS Spectr

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States