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Twelve patients were enrolled; eight glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), four anaplastic astrocytoma (AA).

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carmustine / therapeutic use. Glioma / drug therapy. Glioma / radiotherapy

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Brain Mapping. Cerebrovascular Circulation / drug effects. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Humans. Injections, Intramuscular / methods. Karnofsky Performance Status. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Male. Middle Aged. Thallium. Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed. Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / methods. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

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(PMID = 20063175.001).

[ISSN] 1573-7373

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; AD84R52XLF / Thallium; U68WG3173Y / Carmustine

   

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METHODS: In University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) protocol 95-033, adult participants with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) received gross total resection (GTR) of the recurrent tumors, followed by two vaccinations with autologous fibroblasts retrovirally transfected with TFG-IL4-Neo-TK vector admixed with irradiated autologous glioma cells.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Cancer Vaccines / therapeutic use. Fibroblasts / metabolism. Glioblastoma / therapy. Interleukin-4 / genetics. Transfection

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(PMID = 18093335.001).

[ISSN] 1479-5876

[Journal-full-title] Journal of translational medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Transl Med

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCATS NIH HHS / TR / UL1 TR000005

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cancer Vaccines; 207137-56-2 / Interleukin-4

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2254376

   

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Here we have studied the extent of apoptosis in 62 primary human astrocytic tumours [25 Diffuse Astrocytoma (DA), 9 Anaplastic Astrocytoma (AA) and 28 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)] in relation to tumour grade, proliferative status and p53 protein expression.

However this was not observed in p53 +ve GBM or in low grade DA either p53 positive or negative.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Glioblastoma / metabolism. Glioblastoma / pathology. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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(PMID = 15981097.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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We previously found that FoxM1B is overexpressed in human glioblastomas and that forced FoxM1B expression in anaplastic astrocytoma cells leads to the formation of highly angiogenic glioblastoma in nude mice.

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(PMID = 18974115.001).

[ISSN] 1538-7445

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-16672; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA016672; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116528-03; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA116528-03; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01-CA-116528; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116528; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA116528-02; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA116528-02

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA Primers; 0 / FOXM1 protein, human; 0 / Forkhead Transcription Factors; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS67455; NLM/ PMC2597644

   

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[Title] Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in Turcot syndrome.

Turcot syndrome (TS), a rare variant of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is characterized by familial clustering of cancer of the large bowel, extracolonic body sites and brain.

We report a 72 year old woman with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in the setting of TS.

Careful analysis of tumor DNA is required to exclude the chance occurrence of a brain tumor in HNPCC kindreds and increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / complications. Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / complications

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(PMID = 19495563.001).

[ISSN] 1573-7373

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / G-T mismatch-binding protein; 0 / MLH1 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; EC 3.6.1.- / Adenosine Triphosphatases; EC 3.6.1.- / PMS2 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.3 / MSH2 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.3 / Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; EC 3.6.1.3 / MutL Protein Homolog 1; EC 3.6.1.3 / MutS Homolog 2 Protein; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

   

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[Title] Evaluation of invasiveness of astrocytoma using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2.

INTRODUCTION: Even low-grade astrocytomas infiltrate the entire brain, a feature that precludes their successful therapy.

So to assess the invasive potential of astrocytoma is very important.

The aim of this study was determine whether there is a significant correlation between the results of (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and tumor invasive potential of astrocytoma, which is reflected by expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

According to the World Health Organization classification criteria for central nervous system tumors, there were 16 low-grade astrocytomas (2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 14 grade II astrocytomas) and 25 high-grade astrocytomas (5 anaplastic astrocytomas, 20 glioblastomas).The choline/N-acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) and choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios were calculated.

Of the 41 astrocytomas, 19 (8 low-grade and 11 high-grade) were analyzed immunohistochemically.

RESULTS: The Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios of high-grade astrocytoma were both significantly greater than those of low-grade astrocytoma (t = -6.222, P = 0.000; t = -6.533, P = 0.000, respectively).

MMP-2 COD values of high-grade astrocytomas were also significantly greater than those of low-grade astrocytomas (t = -5.892, P = 0.000).

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism

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[Cites] Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Mar;3(3):207-14 [11994741.001]

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(PMID = 17763847.001).

[ISSN] 0028-3940

[Journal-full-title] Neuroradiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroradiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; 997-55-7 / N-acetylaspartate; EC 3.4.24.24 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; MU72812GK0 / Creatine; N91BDP6H0X / Choline

   

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OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, low-grade astrocytoma of adolescence.

Results of the histological examination were consistent with a diagnosis of PXA.

The patient was treated with whole-brain radiation of 3600 cGy, with additional intensity-modulated boosts to the enhancing lesions of 1440 cGy.

CONCLUSION: Synchronous multicentric PXA presents unique challenges in that gross total resection would impose significant surgical morbidity; histological homogeneity among the lesions cannot be confirmed; and the well-described potential for anaplastic transformation may be increased with multiple lesions.

The optimal treatment for patients with this rare and challenging diagnosis awaits further study.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma. Brain Neoplasms. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

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(PMID = 15987556.001).

[ISSN] 1524-4040

[Journal-full-title] Neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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RESULTS: After complex therapy, the mean survival was 80.6 months in patients with oligodendrogliomas, 63.3 months in those with anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, and 42 months in those with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / therapy. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Oligodendroglioma / therapy

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(PMID = 18720725.001).

[ISSN] 0042-8817

[Journal-full-title] Zhurnal voprosy neĭrokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko

[ISO-abbreviation] Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

   

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Twenty-two patients had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 2 had anaplastic astrocytoma, and 1 had an anaplastic oliogodendroglioma; 24 patients had received one prior chemo therapy regimen before being enrolled in the study.

The most common atrasentan-related toxicities were grade 1 or 2 rhinitis, fatigue, and edema.

One patient developed grade 3 hypoxia and peripheral edema at a dose of 90 mg/day.

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[Cites] Neuro Oncol. 2006 Jan;8(1):27-37 [16443945.001]

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(PMID = 18477765.001).

[ISSN] 1522-8517

[Journal-full-title] Neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuro-oncology

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA062406; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA062475; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01-CA62406; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / UO1 CA-62475

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Pyrrolidines; V6D7VK2215 / atrasentan

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2666236

   

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[Title] Patients with IDH1 wild type anaplastic astrocytomas exhibit worse prognosis than IDH1-mutated glioblastomas, and IDH1 mutation status accounts for the unfavorable prognostic effect of higher age: implications for classification of gliomas.

WHO grading of human brain tumors extends beyond a strictly histological grading system by providing a basis predictive for the clinical behavior of the respective neoplasm.

For example, patients with glioblastoma WHO grade IV usually show a less favorable clinical course and receive more aggressive first-line treatment than patients with anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III.

Here we provide evidence that the IDH1 status is more prognostic for overall survival than standard histological criteria that differentiate high-grade astrocytomas.

We sequenced the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) at codon 132 in 382 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma from the NOA-04 trial and from a prospective translational cohort study of the German Glioma Network.

Patients with anaplastic astrocytomas carried IDH1 mutations in 60%, and patients with glioblastomas in 7.2%.

IDH1 was the most prominent single prognostic factor (RR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.5) followed by age, diagnosis and MGMT.

The sequence from more favorable to poorer outcome was (1) anaplastic astrocytoma with IDH1 mutation, (2) glioblastoma with IDH1 mutation, (3) anaplastic astrocytoma without IDH1 mutation and (4) glioblastoma without IDH1 mutation (p < 0.0001).

In this combined set of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas both, IDH1 mutation and IDH1 expression status were of greater prognostic relevance than histological diagnosis according to the current WHO classification system.

We propose to complement the current WHO classification and grading of high-grade astrocytic gliomas by the IDH1 mutation status and to use this combined histological and molecular classification in future clinical trials.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Glioblastoma / genetics. Glioma / classification. Glioma / genetics. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / genetics. Mutation / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Astrocytoma / genetics. Astrocytoma / pathology. Cohort Studies. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Prospective Studies. Young Adult

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(PMID = 21088844.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.42. / IDH1 protein, human

   

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[Title] [Diffuse bone marrow metastasis in cerebellar high-grade astrocytoma. A case report].

[Transliterated title] Metastasis difusa de la medula osea en un astrocitoma cerebeloso de alto grado. Un caso clinico.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebellar high-grade astrocytoma is uncommon.

CASE REPORT: A 46 year-old man with cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma who developed pancytopenia due to extensive bone marrow metastases.

CONCLUSION: Extraneural metastases of brain gliomas are rare and the spread to the bone marrow confers an extremely poor prognosis for these patients.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Bone Marrow Neoplasms / secondary. Cerebellar Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 19263392.001).

[ISSN] 1576-6578

[Journal-full-title] Revista de neurologia

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Neurol

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

   

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PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with histologically verified gliomas, comprising 2 cases with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade 4), 5 cases with anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO, grade 3; high-grade glioma), and 1 case with fibrillary astrocytoma (FA, grade 2; low-grade glioma) were evaluated using the 1H-MRS protocol following conventional MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) preoperatively.

RESULTS: High-grade gliomas tended to demonstrate signal hyperintensity by DWI and higher relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) by PWI.

The presence of lactate and lipid was predominately detected in patients with high-grade glioma.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Glioma / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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(PMID = 17970039.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Protons

   

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BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant neurogenetic disorder characterized by neoplasms involving the nervous system which typically present in children.

A biopsy was performed and pathological examination revealed an anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA).

Although she did not meet the accepted clinical criteria for NF1, given that she has a sibling with NF1 and a malignancy observed in this disorder, we hypothesize that she also has NF1.

Our genetic analysis indicated a shared haplotype in these siblings who developed brain tumors but not in an unaffected sister suggesting that both carry the NF1 disease-producing allele.

CONCLUSION: NF1 should be a diagnostic consideration when siblings develop intracranial brain tumors even when they develop in adults.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Neurofibromatosis 1 / genetics

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(PMID = 16725158.001).

[ISSN] 0022-510X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the neurological sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurol. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

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[Title] Genetic intratumour heterogeneity in high-grade brain tumours is associated with telomere-dependent mitotic instability.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other high-grade brain tumours are typically characterized by complex chromosome abnormalities and extensive intratumour cytogenetic heterogeneity.

In this study, we analysed the pattern of chromosome segregation at mitosis in 20 brain tumours.

Anaphase bridging was also found in two medulloblastomas (7-15%), one anaplastic astrocytoma (17%) and one oligodendroglioma (6%).

In contrast, cell division abnormalities were not found in low-grade brain tumours with less complex karyotypes, including two pilocytic astrocytomas and two ependymomas.

Telomere-dependent abnormal segregation of chromosomes at mitosis is thus a common phenomenon in high-grade brain tumours and may be one important factor behind cytogenetic intratumour diversity in GBM.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Spindle Apparatus / pathology. Telomere / pathology

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(PMID = 17617873.001).

[ISSN] 0305-1846

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology and applied neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.7.49 / Telomerase

   

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[Title] Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in high-grade astrocytomas.

OPINION STATEMENT: High-grade astrocytomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), are the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors

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(PMID = 18247132.001).

[ISSN] 1534-6277

[Journal-full-title] Current treatment options in oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Treat Options Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Protein Kinase Inhibitors; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

[Number-of-references] 54

   

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[Title] Does vasculogenic mimicry exist in astrocytoma?

It is unknown whether a similar VM phenomenon exists in astrocytoma.

The present study was to examine 45 astrocytomas (including World Health Organization grade II 15 cases, grade III 15 cases, and grade IV 15 cases) by CD34 endothelial marker periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) dual staining to see if VM existing in these tumors.

PAS-positive pattern of VM was found in two grade IV astrocytomas.

Furthermore, in astrocytoma, especially glioblastoma, focus of anaplastic tumor cells appeared with CD34 expression, whereas some tumor cells lost glial fibrillary acid protein expression.

It is assumed that genetically deregulated tumor cells in astrocytoma could lose the astrocyte-specific protein and express inappropriate markers not expected in cells of astrocyte lineage.

The present results suggest that VM phenomenon exists in some malignant astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / blood supply. Brain Neoplasms / blood supply

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(PMID = 15923371.001).

[ISSN] 0022-1554

[Journal-full-title] The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Histochem. Cytochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34; 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Coloring Agents; 0 / Schiff Bases; 10450-60-9 / Periodic Acid

   

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In this study, the authors tested the presence of such mutations in 95 gliomas including glioblastomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and low-grade gliomas.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / enzymology. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Glioma / enzymology. Glioma / genetics. Mutation / genetics. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / enzymology. Astrocytoma / genetics. Carcinoma / drug therapy. Carcinoma / enzymology. Carcinoma / genetics. DNA Mutational Analysis. Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics. Genetic Testing. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / enzymology. Glioblastoma / genetics. Humans. Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy. Lung Neoplasms / enzymology. Lung Neoplasms / genetics. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / enzymology. Oligodendroglioma / genetics. Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology. Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use. Protein Structure, Tertiary / genetics. Quinazolines / pharmacology. Quinazolines / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 15851741.001).

[ISSN] 1526-632X

[Journal-full-title] Neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Protein Kinase Inhibitors; 0 / Quinazolines; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; S65743JHBS / gefitinib

   

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[Title] [Natural history of supratentorial low-grade astrocytoma: case report].

Low-grade astrocytomas comprise a group of primary brain neoplasms with relatively low anaplastic potential, although through time they tend to behave more aggressively.

This report presents a natural history of a patient with low grade astrocytoma.

Initial computerized tomography and magnetic resonance of brain revealed oval, 4 cm in diameter, lesion in the left parietal region that was considered as low-grade glioma.

The described patient with low-grade astrocytoma lived without any oncological treatment eight years and four months from the time when diagnosis was made until intracranial herniation.

The natural history of disease in presented patient indicated that rational therapeutic strategy, for low-grade astrocytoma with epilepsy only, would be deferral of surgery until the time of manifestation of neurological or radiological deterioration.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma. Brain Neoplasms. Parietal Lobe

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(PMID = 17304770.001).

[ISSN] 0370-8179

[Journal-full-title] Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo

[ISO-abbreviation] Srp Arh Celok Lek

[Language] srp

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Serbia and Montenegro

   

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[Title] Malignant transformation of high-grade astrocytoma associated with neurocysticercosis in a patient with Turcot syndrome.

A 45-year-old woman with anaplastic astrocytoma was clinically diagnosed with Turcot syndrome, and subsequently developed simultaneous neurocysticercosis and malignant transformation to glioblastoma.

Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed neurocysticercosis between the normal brain tissue and glioblastoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology. Glioblastoma / pathology. Neurocysticercosis / pathology

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(PMID = 17138070.001).

[ISSN] 0967-5868

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Scotland

   

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[Title] Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-grade gliomas: clinical and dosimetric results.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-eight consecutive high-grade gliomas were treated between January 2001 and December 2003 with dynamic multileaf collimator IMRT, planned with the inverse approach.

Glioblastoma accounted for 70% of the cases, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma histology (pure or mixed) was seen in 15% of the cases.

The median progression-free survival time for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma histology was 5.6 and 2.5 months, respectively.

The overall survival time for anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma was 36 and 9 months, respectively.

No Grade IV/V late neurologic toxicities were noted.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy delivered with a limited number of beams did not result in an increased dose to the normal brain.

CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that IMRT will improve local control in high-grade gliomas without further dose escalation compared with conventional radiotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Glioma / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Brain / radiation effects. Disease Progression. Female. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Oligodendroglioma / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy Dosage. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 16458777.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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YKL-40 is a secreted chitinase-like molecule whose expression is associated with glioma grade.

A rank-order list of YKL-40 expression was determined immunohistochemically in 79 untreated high-grade adult glio-mas, including 28 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) and 51 GBMs.

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[Cites] Neuro Oncol. 1999 Jan;1(1):44-51 [11550301.001]

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(PMID = 20224722.001).

[ISSN] 1936-2625

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical and experimental pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Clin Exp Pathol

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / K24 MH001717; United States / PHS HHS / / K24 M401717

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adipokines; 0 / CHI3L1 protein, human; 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Lectins; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2836500

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; 10q / 1p19q / EGFR / YKL-40 / glioblastoma / oligodendroglioma

   

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[Title] Combined molecular analysis of BRAF and IDH1 distinguishes pilocytic astrocytoma from diffuse astrocytoma.

Separation of pilocytic astrocytoma from diffuse astrocytomas frequently poses problems mostly related to small sample size.

Precise classification and grading are essential due to different therapeutic strategies prompted by diagnoses of pilocytic astrocytoma WHO grade I, diffuse astrocytomas WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III.

We examined a series of 120 astrocytomas including 70 pilocytic astrocytomas WHO grade I and 50 diffuse astrocytomas WHO grade II for both, BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion with a newly developed FISH assay and mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 by direct sequencing.

Astrocytomas WHO grade II exhibited IDH1 mutations in 38 cases (76%) but neither IDH2 mutations nor BRAF fusions.

Thus, combined molecular analysis of BRAF and IDH1 is a sensitive and highly specific approach to separate pilocytic astrocytoma from diffuse astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor. Child. Child, Preschool. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Male. Middle Aged. Mutation. Tissue Array Analysis

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(PMID = 19543740.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.42 / isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+); EC 2.7.11.1 / BRAF protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf

   

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Diagnoses included recurrent brain stem glioma (2), recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma (2), and glioblastoma (7) (3 treatment-induced, 2 malignant transformations of lower grade tumors, 1 recurrence, and 1 second tumor arising 10 months after diagnosis of medulloblastoma).

There was one grade 4 neutropenia, but no other grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 16047359.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5009

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

   

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Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings were consistent with high-grade ependymoma.

As a result the diagnosis of GCE was established.

This type of neoplasm necessitates, at least in theory, differentiation with anaplastic oligodendroglioma, clear cell ependymoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, giant cell glioblastoma, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Ependymoma / pathology. Lateral Ventricles

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(PMID = 18006220.001).

[ISSN] 0303-8467

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neurology and neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Neurol Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

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[Title] [Intracerebral bleeding as the first symptom of a congenital anaplastic astrocytoma].

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic astrocytomas in neonates are extremely rare.

An ultrasound scan of the brain showed an intracerebral bleeding.

No tumour was found, but an anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO Grade III) was diagnosed histologically.

Serial ultrasound investigations of the brain showed a normal midline and a redevelopment of the left-sided ventricle.

CONCLUSION: Congenital anaplastic astrocytomas have a variable outcome, with different survival rates as compared to adults.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / congenital. Brain Neoplasms / congenital. Cerebral Hemorrhage / congenital

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Echoencephalography. Fatal Outcome. Female. Humans. Infant, Newborn. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Occipital Lobe / pathology. Temporal Lobe / pathology. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Trephining

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(PMID = 18956278.001).

[ISSN] 0948-2393

[Journal-full-title] Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas.

Outcomes analyzed include overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment toxicity greater than or equal to grade 3.

Based on the differences in patient selection with respect to the definition of AO (2 versus 3 high risk anaplastic features) and sequence of treatment (RT and chemotherapy), the results from the two RCTs were not able to be considered for meta-analysis.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

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[UpdateIn] Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;5:CD007104 [24833028.001]

(PMID = 18425979.001).

[ISSN] 1469-493X

[Journal-full-title] The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

[ISO-abbreviation] Cochrane Database Syst Rev

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 11

   

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[Title] A phase I trial of surgery, Gliadel wafer implantation, and immediate postoperative carboplatin in combination with radiation therapy for primary anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate combination chemotherapy with Gliadel wafer and carboplatin in patients with high-grade, malignant glioma.

Fourteen (88%) patients had glioblastoma multiforme and 2 (12%) had anaplastic astrocytoma.

No grade 3 or 4 toxicities were noted in this study.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carboplatin / therapeutic use. Decanoic Acids / therapeutic use. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Polyesters / therapeutic use

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[Cites] Curr Opin Neurol. 2000 Dec;13(6):619-25 [11148660.001]

[Cites] J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan 15;19(2):509-18 [11208845.001]

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(PMID = 15937647.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Decanoic Acids; 0 / Drug Implants; 0 / Polyesters; 90409-78-2 / decanedioic acid-4,4'-(1,3-propanediylbis(oxy))bis(benzoic acid) copolymer; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; U68WG3173Y / Carmustine

   

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[Title] Apolipoprotein D expression in primary brain tumors: analysis by quantitative RT-PCR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

ApoD expression was investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using RNA extracted from 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain specimens.

Sixteen poorly infiltrating WHO grade I glial neoplasms (i.e., pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas) showed an average 20-fold higher apoD expression level compared with the 20 diffusely infiltrating glial neoplasms (i.e., glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas; p=0.00004).

Analyzed as individual tumor groups, poorly infiltrating grade I pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas differed significantly from each tumor type within the diffusely infiltrating higher-grade category (p<0.05 for each comparison) but not from each other (p>0.05).

Ependymomas, non-infiltrating grade II neoplasms, expressed levels of apoD similar to or lower than levels expressed by the diffusely infiltrating gliomas.

In addition, apoD expression was 5-fold higher in the slowly proliferating grade I glial neoplasms compared with non-proliferating normal brain tissue (p=0.01), suggesting that apoD expression is not simply an inverse measure of proliferation.

ApoD expression measured by quantitative RT-PCR may be useful in the differential diagnosis of primary brain tumors, particularly pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas.

[MeSH-major] Apolipoproteins / biosynthesis. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Glioma / metabolism

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(PMID = 16055749.001).

[ISSN] 0022-1554

[Journal-full-title] The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Histochem. Cytochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Apolipoproteins; 0 / Apolipoproteins D; 0 / Fixatives; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 1HG84L3525 / Formaldehyde; 8002-74-2 / Paraffin

   

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Although the presence of abundant RFs within brain tumors is most closely associated with a low-grade astrocytoma, particularly pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), a few RFs are recognized to occur, although rarely, in glioblastoma (GBM).

Histologic sections showed diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma with prominent RFs diffusely distributed throughout the tumor, brisk mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and small areas of necrosis, as seen in a GBM.

DISCUSSION: This is a case of RF-rich GBM (primary or de novo type).

The differential diagnosis includes PA and anaplastic PA.

For the histological diagnosis, infiltrating astrocytoma with abundant RFs should be carefully examined in light of clinical information (e.g., patient age, evolution of the symptoms) and neuroimaging studies.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytes / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Glioblastoma / pathology

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(PMID = 19537132.001).

[ISSN] 0722-5091

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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The aim of this study was to estimate the EGFR serum concentration for potential use as a biological marker of brain cancer to predict prognosis and follow-up after treatment.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Serum samples obtained from 50 healthy individuals and 65 brain cancer patients (35 glioblastoma multiforme and 30 anaplastic astrocytomas) were collected before and after treatment and assayed for EGFR extracellular domain serum concentrations by a sandwich ELISA.

RESULTS: EGFR was elevated in 47 of 65 brain cancer patients, with mean serum values of 84 +/- 18 ng/ml, compared with that of healthy controls (43.6 +/- 11 ng/ml, P = 0.001).

There was a significant difference in the mean serum levels of EGFR between glioblastoma multiforme patients (96.2 +/- 12 ng/ml) and anaplastic astrocytoma patients (71.6 +/- 18 ng/ml, P = 0.04).

Sixty brain cancer patients underwent surgery; EGFR serum levels did not show significant differences from those observed before surgery.

For all patients, median overall survival was 13 months (anaplastic astrocytoma, 18 months; glioblastoma multiforme, 12.5 months).

In 47 patients with high EGFR serum levels, overall survival was reduced (P = 0.01), with a median survival time corresponding to 11.5 months (anaplastic astrocytoma, 14.5 months; glioblastoma multiforme, 10.5 months).

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Brain Neoplasms / blood. Glioma / blood. Neoplasm Proteins / blood. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / blood

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / blood. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / mortality. Astrocytoma / radiotherapy. Astrocytoma / surgery. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Combined Modality Therapy. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives. Dacarbazine / therapeutic use. Disease-Free Survival. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Glioblastoma / blood. Glioblastoma / drug therapy. Glioblastoma / mortality. Glioblastoma / radiotherapy. Glioblastoma / surgery. Humans. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Protein Structure, Tertiary. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Signal Transduction. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17679463.001).

[ISSN] 0300-8916

[Journal-full-title] Tumori

[ISO-abbreviation] Tumori

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; YF1K15M17Y / temozolomide

   

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[Title] Overexpression of c-erbB2 is a negative prognostic factor in anaplastic astrocytomas.

The aim of this study was to investigate EGFR gene amplification and expression of c-erbB1-4 receptor proteins in human anaplastic astrocytomas.

The synchronous overexpression of c-erbB1-4 proteins in anaplastic astrocytomas supports their role in the pathogenesis of these tumors.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / chemistry. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Receptor, ErbB-2 / analysis. Supratentorial Neoplasms / chemistry

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(PMID = 20331873.001).

[ISSN] 1746-1596

[Journal-full-title] Diagnostic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Diagn Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / ERBB2 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / ERBB4 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-2; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-4

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2859381

[General-notes] NLM/ Original DateCompleted: 20100609

   

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[Title] Anaplastic astrocytoma in adults.

Anaplastic astrocytoma is an uncommon disease in the adult population.

Based on randomized data available, chemotherapy has consistently failed to improve the outcome of patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, while a meta-analysis showed a small, but significant improvement in survival favouring the use of chemotherapy.

In recurrent disease, chemotherapy with temozolomide has been proven to be active and well-tolerated in phase II trials, but no comparative phase III trials of other cytotoxic drugs have been conducted.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Dacarbazine / analogs & derivatives

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(PMID = 17478095.001).

[ISSN] 1040-8428

[Journal-full-title] Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 7GR28W0FJI / Dacarbazine; 85622-93-1 / temozolomide

[Number-of-references] 69

   

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[Title] Successful treatment of low-grade oligodendroglial tumors with a chemotherapy regimen of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine.

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OD) tumors, especially those with the combined loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q), are sensitive to chemotherapy.

Only limited data are available on the role of chemotherapy in low-grade OD.

The authors retrospectively studied the outcome of the procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy regimen in a group of 16 patients with newly diagnosed OD and 5 patients with recurrent low-grade OD.

A Phase III trial should be initiated to compare radiotherapy with chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Oligodendroglioma / drug therapy

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2005 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 15637687.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; 35S93Y190K / Procarbazine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 7BRF0Z81KG / Lomustine

   

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[Title] Myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue in children and adolescents with recurrent malignant astrocytoma: outcome compared with conventional chemotherapy: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.

METHODS: Twenty-seven children and adolescents with malignant astrocytomas [17 glioblastoma multiforme and 10 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA)] following initial tumor progression, received myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous marrow rescue with one of three thiotepa and etoposide-based chemotherapy regimens, administered alone (n = 11) or combined with carmustine (n = 5) or carboplatin (n = 11).

The two cohorts were compared for age, histology, prior therapies, extent of surgical resection at progression, and time from initial diagnosis to progression.

Of 56 children with recurrent malignant astrocytoma who received conventional chemotherapy following initial progression, no patient survives.

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(PMID = 18802947.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5017

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA013539; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA098543-06; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA013539-30; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA013539-30; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA021765; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA098543; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA021765-259003; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA021765-259003; None / None / / U10 CA098543-06; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 21765

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Myeloablative Agonists; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; 905Z5W3GKH / Thiotepa; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; U68WG3173Y / Carmustine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS65899; NLM/ PMC2844080

[Investigator] Bleyer A; Khayat A; Sather H; Krailo M; Buckley J; Stram D; Sposto R; Hutchinson R; Matthay K; Gaynon P; Geyer JR; Shurin S; Reaman G; Ortega J; Ruymann F; Weiner M; Blatt J; Lukens J; Wolff L; Neglia J; Lange B; Steinherz P; Breitfeld P; O'Brien R; Cohen H; Fryer C; Wells R; Finklestein J; Feig S; Tannous R; Odom L; Gilchrist G; Barnard D; Wiley J; Ettinger L; Hetherington M; Coccia P; Norris D; Nachman J; Raney B; Baker D; Sanders J; Rausen A; Cairo M

   

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[Title] Prognosis in patients with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma is associated with histologic grade.

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) are relatively uncommon high-grade gliomas.

METHODS: Between 1980 and 1999, Mayo Clinic and the NCCTG conducted 10 trials of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in adults with newly-diagnosed high-grade gliomas.

We grouped patients by cell type and grade, compared survival distributions by the log-rank statistic, and performed multiple variable analyses.

RESULTS: Of 1368 patients, 68 (5%) had AOA, including 21 Grade 3 (OA3) and 47 grade 4 (OA4), 153 (11%) had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), and 1147 (84%) had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma have distinct outcomes based upon grade (OA3 vs. OA4) and in comparison with pure astrocytoma (AA or GBM).

Future trials which include more than one histologic entity need to report results by cell type and grade and account for the varying prognoses in interpreting treatment outcomes.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / mortality. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / mortality. Brain Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 17431544.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] [Anaplastic glioma. Neuropathology, molecular diagnostics and current study concepts].

According to the current WHO classification anaplastic gliomas comprise pure astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas and mixed tumors.

This review summarizes findings, discusses problems and defines new questions from the phase III trials on anaplastic gliomas.

Therefore, marker profiles should be included into the next WHO brain tumor classification.

The current standard of care for first-line treatment in anaplastic gliomas is radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Inclusion in this trial is already based on the WHO grade and the 1p/19q status and not on the histopathological subtype.

Furthermore, anaplastic gliomas are an important group of brain tumors for developing future molecular targeted therapies and should therefore be in the main focus of academic and industrial drug development, which aims at improved efficacy and avoiding long-term side-effects.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Oligodendroglioma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Brain / pathology. Chromosome Deletion. Clinical Trials as Topic. Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic. Combined Modality Therapy. Cranial Irradiation. DNA Modification Methylases / genetics. DNA Mutational Analysis. DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics. Disease-Free Survival. Humans. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / genetics. Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics. Survival Rate. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 20635074.001).

[ISSN] 1433-0407

[Journal-full-title] Der Nervenarzt

[ISO-abbreviation] Nervenarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; EC 1.1.1.41 / Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; EC 1.1.1.42. / IDH1 protein, human; EC 2.1.1.- / DNA Modification Methylases; EC 2.1.1.63 / MGMT protein, human; EC 6.5.1.- / DNA Repair Enzymes

   

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The differential diagnosis between cerebral glioma and infective lesions can be very difficult to distinguish by MRI only.

Brain biopsy revealed anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO III).

CONCLUSION: This case report shows that cerebral glioma can mimick infective brain disease and that MR-spectroscopy is an important non-invasive tool in this differential diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / diagnosis. Brain Stem Neoplasms / diagnosis. Cerebellar Neoplasms / diagnosis. Encephalitis / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Pons

[MeSH-minor] Aspartic Acid / analogs & derivatives. Aspartic Acid / analysis. Child. Choline / analysis. Creatine / analysis. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male

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(PMID = 16865652.001).

[ISSN] 0300-8630

[Journal-full-title] Klinische Pädiatrie

[ISO-abbreviation] Klin Padiatr

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; 997-55-7 / N-acetylaspartate; MU72812GK0 / Creatine; N91BDP6H0X / Choline

   

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This study was a preliminary trial of individualized chemotherapy based on MGMT methylation status in a total of 20 patients with newly diagnosed malignant astrocytomas (9 anaplastic astrocytomas and 11 glioblastomas multiforme).

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Astrocytoma / drug therapy. Astrocytoma / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / drug therapy. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. DNA Methylation. O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / genetics

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(PMID = 16936459.001).

[ISSN] 0470-8105

[Journal-full-title] Neurologia medico-chirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Alkylating Agents; 0 / Nitrosourea Compounds; EC 2.1.1.63 / O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase

   

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[Title] Is it appropriate to redefine the indication for stereotactic brain biopsy in the MRI Era? Correlation with final histological diagnosis in supratentorial gliomas.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the advisability of modifying the indications for stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) in high- and low-grade supratentorial glial tumors in correlation with the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

On the basis of the MRI findings the patients were divided into two groups: high-grade (n=107) and low-grade (n=67) gliomas.

Only one preoperative diagnosis was allowed.

RESULTS: A final histological diagnosis was achieved in 95% of the 174 cases.

In the group of high-grade gliomas (HGG) there was diagnostic coincidence in 87% of cases, reaching 100% in lesions of the corpus callosum.

In 11 cases (10%) the histological analysis changed the presumptive diagnosis and the consequent management.

In the group of low-grade gliomas (LGG) there was diagnostic coincidence in 63% (42 cases), whereas there was discordance in 30%: 10 cases were upgraded to anaplastic astrocytoma, and in 10 cases no tumors were observed at all.

CONCLUSIONS: In the future, the histological diagnosis of glial tumors will include molecular genetic definition, thus making it crucial for management using the new therapeutic options.

Today, the indications for biopsy in lesions mimicking high-grade gliomas are mainly linked to the site of the tumor, coexisting differential diagnoses or more than one treatment option.

On the contrary, in lesions where MRI findings indicate low-grade gliomas, grading is crucial also in order to avoid treatment inappropriate in non-neoplastic lesions.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain / pathology. Glioma / pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / standards. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Stereotaxic Techniques / standards. Supratentorial Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Corpus Callosum / pathology. Corpus Callosum / radiography. Diagnosis, Differential. Diagnostic Errors / prevention & control. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Necrosis. Observer Variation. Predictive Value of Tests. Radiation Injuries / pathology. Radiation Injuries / radiography. Retrospective Studies. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 18401825.001).

[ISSN] 0946-7211

[Journal-full-title] Minimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN

[ISO-abbreviation] Minim Invasive Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Genome-wide expression profiling identifies deregulated miRNAs in malignant astrocytoma.

Malignant astrocytoma includes anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV).

Among them, glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor with dismal responses to all therapeutic modalities.

We performed a large-scale, genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) (n=756) expression profiling of 26 glioblastoma, 13 anaplastic astrocytoma and 7 normal brain samples with an aim to find deregulated miRNA in malignant astrocytoma.

We identified several differentially regulated miRNAs between these groups, which could differentiate glioma grades and normal brain as recognized by PCA.

More importantly, we identified a most discriminatory 23-miRNA expression signature, by using PAM, which precisely distinguished glioblastoma from anaplastic astrocytoma with an accuracy of 95%.

Thus we have identified the miRNA expression signature for malignant astrocytoma, in particular glioblastoma, and showed the miRNA involvement and their importance in astrocytoma development.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. MicroRNAs / genetics

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(PMID = 20711171.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0285

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / MicroRNAs

   

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[Title] The lack of expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor characterises microglial response in anaplastic astrocytomas.

We examined two anaplastic astrocytomas showing minimal contrast-enhancement and therefore little damage of the blood brain barrier to minimise the presence of blood borne macrophages within tumour tissue.

The expression profile of four anaplastic astrocytomas was also exploited and results were compared to the profile of eleven samples of normal temporal lobe and nine cases of PD.

[MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / metabolism. Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Microglia / metabolism. Microglia / pathology. Receptors, GABA-A / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17520179.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U120085814

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Isoquinolines; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0 / Receptors, GABA-A; YNF83VN1RL / PK 11195

   

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PURPOSE: The combined loss of genetic material on chromosomes 1p and 19q is strongly associated with favorable outcome in patients with WHO grade 3 anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors.

The prognostic value of 1p/19q loss in WHO grade 2 oligodendroglial tumors is less well defined.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventy-six patients with oligodendroglioma (n = 33), oligoastrocytoma (n = 30), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 6), or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (n = 7) were identified who had not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy after their first operation until the end of follow-up or until the first progression and had tissue for 1p/19q status available.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Chromosome Deletion. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19. Oligodendroglioma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Astrocytoma / genetics. Astrocytoma / pathology. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Predictive Value of Tests

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(PMID = 18056167.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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Twenty-three Glioblastoma Multiforme and two Anaplastic Astrocytoma were studied.

The median survival for RPA prognostic classes III, IV, V, and VI were 20, 14, 12, and 11 months.

No grade 4 CTCAE (version 3.0) toxicities were observed.

ii) the regimen resulted in improvement of survival of RPA classes IV, V, VI; and iii) the use of FSRT boost may be studied with other chemotherapeutic agents to see if superior results can be attained.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacokinetics. Brain Neoplasms / therapy. Glioma / therapy. Paclitaxel / pharmacokinetics. Radiosurgery / methods

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(PMID = 17535024.001).

[ISSN] 1533-0346

[Journal-full-title] Technology in cancer research & treatment

[ISO-abbreviation] Technol. Cancer Res. Treat.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticonvulsants; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 6158TKW0C5 / Phenytoin; P88XT4IS4D / Paclitaxel