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[Title] Human papillomavirus (HPV), DNA aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

In this study, the role of HPV in 72 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated.

Cell cycle and DNA content were analysed by cytometry.

RESULTS: Ninety percent of the carcinoma biopsies carried high-risk oncogenic HPV in their malignant cells.

The HPV genome in the tumour cell influenced significantly the host cell cycle progression, but not DNA aberrations.

CONCLUSION: High-risk oncogenic HPV may play an important role in the initiation of host cell proliferation in anal squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / genetics. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. DNA, Neoplasm / genetics. Papillomaviridae. Tumor Virus Infections

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Cell Cycle. Chromosome Aberrations. Female. Humans. In Situ Hybridization. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Male. Papillomavirus Infections / complications. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Prevalence

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(PMID = 18214063.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Neoplasm

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Outcome of treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor in HIV-infected patients].

[Transliterated title] Resultados do tratamento do carcinoma espinocelular anal e do seu precursor em doentes HIV-positivos.

OBJECTIVE: Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing mainly among HIV-positive patients.

The objective was to evaluate the follow-up of such patients to verify recurrences and evolution from HAIN to cancer.

This is a report of cases treated at the "Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas", Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Thirty patients had high grade anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (HAIN), treated with local resection, and 15 with anal canal invasive squamous cell carcinoma were first submitted to chemo radiation, while biopsies were obtained during follow-up.

RESULTS: Patients with HAIN had recurrences in 16.7% of cases and remained cancer free for up to five years.

Chemoradiation was not possible in five patients with invasive carcinoma (40%) because three had advanced AIDS and two refused treatment.

Eight (88.8%) out of nine patients had complete response to chemoradiation and remained cancer free for a period from three to six years.

CONCLUSION: We concluded that HAIN can recur after local resection in HIV-positive patients but does not evolve to invasive carcinoma.

Invasive cancer can be treated in the same way as in HIV seronegative persons, when clinical conditions permit.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Seropositivity. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

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(PMID = 17823743.001).

[ISSN] 0104-4230

[Journal-full-title] Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (1992)

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)

[Language] por

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Brazil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chemoradiotherapy with or without consolidation chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in anal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term results in 31 patients.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate long-term results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin and the potential benefit of consolidation chemotherapy in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).

CONCLUSION: our study shows that CRT with 5-FU and cisplatin, with or without consolidation chemotherapy, was well tolerated and proved highly encouraging in terms of long-term survival and the preservation of anal function in ASCC.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Cisplatin / therapeutic use. Fluorouracil / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 18194582.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2245963

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Activation of AKT and nuclear accumulation of wild type TP53 and MDM2 in anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is considered as an important aetiological factor for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) but is not sufficient for tumour progression.

This carcinoma is poorly understood at the molecular level.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Mutation. Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

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[Copyright] (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 17721920.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.1.137 / PIK3CA protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 6.3.2.19 / MDM2 protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HPV in anal squamous cell carcinoma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Impact of HPV analysis of anal lesions on diagnosis and prognosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Majority of cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma are human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced and result from anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).

This study was conducted to examine methods which may enable the routine diagnosis of HPV-induced changes in the anal rim and the consequences of such detection especially in view of a more sensitive diagnosis of AIN.

METHODS: The study included biopsy samples from 87 patients who had been diagnosed with the following disease patterns: 47 invasive anal carcinoma, 33 AIN of varying severity and seven condylomatous lesions.

RESULTS: In 38 of 47 cases of anal carcinoma, HPV DNA could be detected via PCR (80.9%), the majority of which were HPV 16 (33/38=86.8%).

DISCUSSION: In our series, the clinical diagnosis of the invasive anal carcinoma had a high sensitivity of 93.6%, with a specificity of 80%.

In this situation, especially with high-risk patients, our findings recommend anal HPV screening in combination with anal cytology and anoscopy.

CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we urgently recommend for any histological report on excision of anal lesions to include a statement whether histological markers of HPV infection were detected.

[MeSH-major] Alphapapillomavirus / genetics. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. DNA, Viral / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biopsy. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies

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[CommentIn] Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct;22(10):1289 [16703315.001]

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(PMID = 15864603.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Letter to the editor concerning "HPV in anal squamous cell carcinoma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN)" by Varnai et al. (Int J Colorectal Dis 21:135-142, 2006).

[MeSH-major] Alphapapillomavirus / isolation & purification. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology

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[CommentOn] Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 Mar;21(2):135-42 [15864603.001]

(PMID = 16703315.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comment; Letter

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Evaluation by 18F-FDG-PET of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, representing less than 5% of the digestive malignancies.

The cytological and/or histological confirmation of a suspected lesion should be followed by a complete imaging evaluation to determine the extent of disease.

Our results showed that PET demonstrated the primary lesion at initial evaluation in 7 of 8 anal cancers and showed FDG- avid lymph nodes in 4 patients.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods

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(PMID = 19330178.001).

[ISSN] 1790-5427

[Journal-full-title] Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Hell J Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Radiation therapy of recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma in-situ: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia, also referred to as anal squamous carcinoma in-situ, or Bowen's disease of the anus, make up less than 1% of all digestive system cancers in the United States.

The treatment of choice is surgical resection with anal mapping.

This can compromise the anal sphincter leading to leakage.

CASE PRESENTATION: An 84-year-old Caucasian woman presented with post-excisional persistent/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in-situ.

The initial lesion measured 3 cm in diameter on the right lateral side of the anal margin.

A standard surgery consisting of wide local excision with anal mapping was performed.

Our patient recurred with a 1.2 x 0.8 cm lesion on the left anal verge extending to the anal canal.

A biopsy along with mapping was done, and 2 of the 17 mapping specimens were positive for carcinoma in-situ, one in the anal canal.

Due to the location of the positive anal mapping, and in order to prevent sphincter compromise on re-excision, our patient was offered definitive radiation therapy.

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[Cites] CA Cancer J Clin. 2008 Mar-Apr;58(2):71-96 [18287387.001]

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(PMID = 20181236.001).

[ISSN] 1752-1947

[Journal-full-title] Journal of medical case reports

[ISO-abbreviation] J Med Case Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2841077

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Four cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy].

We reviewed clinical records of 4 cases with squamous cell carcinoma in anus to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the chemoradiotherapy.

The radiation therapy consisted of 40 Gy was delivered to pelvis and bilateral inguinal lesion, and perianal booster dose of 20 Gy, in fractions of 2.0 Gy per day, was given five days a week.

On the first day of radiation therapy, 750 mg/m2 of 5-FU in the form of a continuous 24-hour infusion for 5 days was given.

All patients had complete response in the anal lesion after chemoradiotherapy.

No patients had any sign of recurrence in anal lesion.

Chemoradiotherapy was expected to be a safe and effective treatment to improve prognosis for anal squamous carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 21224667.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Current therapeutic strategies for anal squamous cell carcinoma in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In Western countries, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is well established as the standard therapy for stages II/III anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).

The Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG-CCSG) conducted a survey to determine the current therapeutic strategies for ASCC in Japan.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Asian Continental Ancestry Group. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Digestive System Surgical Procedures

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[Cites] AIDS. 1994 Mar;8(3):283-95 [8031509.001]

[Cites] Lancet. 1996 Oct 19;348(9034):1049-54 [8874455.001]

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(PMID = 19856049.001).

[ISSN] 1437-7772

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] Japan

[Investigator] Kondo Y; Ohtsuka K; Shiiba K; Sato T; Yoshimi F; Kotake K; Sawada T; Mochizuki H; Konishi F; Saito N; Moriya Y; Masaki T; Aoki T; Takahashi K; Hasegawa H; Kenichi S; Sumiyama Y; Sato T; Akaike M; Kudo S; Yamada T; Munakata Y; Shigeski Y; Kato T; Maeda K; Koizumi K; Monden M; Ohue M; Higashino M; Tanigawa M; Fukunaga M; Kato T; Okamura S; Kimura H; Okajima M; Takakura N; Tanada M; Shirouzu K; Kitano S

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A retrospective review of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

: e15586 Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients (pts) are at increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) and the incidence of SCCAC has increased in the era of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy).

The aim of this study is to describe the outcome, tolerability, and overall survival (OS) in pts with and without HIV infection treated at Karmanos Cancer Institute, at Wayne State University from 1991 to 2007.

We collected data regarding HIV status, demographics (age, gender, race), stage at diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, toxicity, and survival.

The major toxicities observed in HIV (+) and (-) pts were diarrhea (36% vs. 64%), neutropenia (27% vs. 21%), and skin toxicity secondary to radiotherapy (XRT: 82% vs. 100%; p = 0.034).

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(PMID = 27962344.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment intensification by induction chemotherapy (ICT) and radiation dose escalation in locally advanced squamous cell anal canal carcinoma (LAAC): Definitive analysis of the intergroup ACCORD 03 trial.

The addition of an ICT (2 cycles of 5 FU-Cisplatin) and of a higher dose of irradiation boost (HDRT) to CRT were evaluated in a factorial 2X2 arms trial (A= ICT; B=ICT+HDRT; C= Reference arm = Pelvic RT 45 Gy/25 fractions with 2 cycles of 5FU-Cisplatin and a boost of 15 Gy; D= HDRT).

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(PMID = 27961547.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Phase II study of capecitabine and oxaliplatin with concurrent radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

: 4116 Background: Definitive therapy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal consists of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C or cisplatin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of XELOX-XRT as definitive treatment for anal cancer.

METHODS: Patients with histologically proven SCC of the anal canal, AJCC Stage II-IIIB (T_2-4 or N+M₀), ECOG PS 0-1, HIV^-, and no prior therapy were eligible for XELOX-based chemoradiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) is effective for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

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(PMID = 27961220.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II).

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(PMID = 27963297.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A review of the outcomes of patients with anal cancer enrolled in the Hurley Cancer Registry: 1987-2004.

: e15131 Background: This paper describes the outcomes of patients with anal cancer enrolled in the Hurley Cancer Registry.

The Hurley cancer registry was searched using diagnosis codes for anal cancer.

The records retrieved, were reviewed for demographic and pathologic details,cancer recurrence, and vital status at last follow up.

RESULTS: Over a period of 18 years (1987 - 2004), there were 36 patients enrolled in the registry, with a diagnosis of anal cancer.

Mean age at diagnosis was 59.3 (SD 17.6) years for males, and 64.6 (SD 13.8) years for females.

Squamous cell cancers were the most common: 27 / 36 (75%).

Cumulative survival functions for the cohort were derived for the time points of 3-yrs and 5-yrs after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients in the Hurley Cancer Registry, 1.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest (75%) anal cancer.

2. The risk of recurrence of anal cancer was 14% over 6-years, and 80% of recurrence was localised to the anal canal.

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(PMID = 27960904.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Primary adenocarcinoma of the anus: a 22-year SEER population database analysis.

: e15072 Background: Most anal canal cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA).

Adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) is rare and accounts for approximately 10% of anal cancers.

METHODS: The search of the SEER database revealed 1,008 pts who had pathologically confirmed anal cancers with either SCCA or AdenoCa.

All pts had single diagnosis of anal cancer with localized disease without nodal involvement.

On the other hand, among the AdenoCa subset, pts who had APR had better 10-yr OS than RT pts (53.8% vs. 0%, p=0.03) Conclusions: For localized anal SCCA, RT yielded equivalent overall survival as compared to APR.

On the other hand, pts with localized anal adenoCa appeared to do worse when APR was omitted.

Omission of APR in pts with anal canal adenoCa should be cautiously weighed.

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(PMID = 27964572.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] DNA methylation in anal intraepithelial lesions and anal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with human papillomavirus infection and may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is increasing in immunocompromised patients.

We hypothesize that anal intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with abnormal DNA methylation and that detection of these events may be used to improve screening programs.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventy-six patients were identified who underwent anal cytology screening and subsequent biopsy at our institution between 1999 and 2004.

The specimens from these patients included 184 anal biopsies [normal, n = 57; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), n = 74; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), n = 41; and invasive SCC, n = 12] and 37 residual liquid-based anal cytology specimens (normal, n = 11; LSIL, n = 12; HSIL, n = 14).

CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant DNA methylation is a frequent event in anal HSIL and SCC.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. DNA Methylation

[MeSH-minor] Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / genetics. Adult. Biopsy. Carrier Proteins. Cell Adhesion Molecules. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics. DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics. Humans. Immunoglobulins / genetics. Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors. Membrane Proteins / genetics. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Proteins / genetics. Nuclear Proteins / genetics. O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / genetics. Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods. Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics. Receptors, Retinoic Acid / genetics. Transcription Factors / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 16166431.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; 0 / CADM1 protein, human; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Cell Adhesion Molecules; 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / HIC1 protein, human; 0 / Immunoglobulins; 0 / Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; 0 / MLH1 protein, human; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / RASSF1 protein, human; 0 / Receptors, Retinoic Acid; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / retinoic acid receptor beta; EC 2.1.1.63 / O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Invasive anal squamous-cell carcinoma in the HIV-positive patient: outcome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of invasive anal squamous-cell carcinoma in patients with HIV is increasing.

We report the outcome after combined chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous-cell carcinoma in HIV-infected individuals.

METHODS: Thirty-two HIV-positive patients treated at the St. Vincent's Cancer Care Center for anal squamous-cell carcinoma from 1997 through mid 2005 were reviewed retrospectively.

Overall survival, anal cancer-specific survival, local recurrence, and toxicity were assessed.

Five-year locoregional relapse, anal cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were 16 , 75, and 65 percent, respectively.

In multivariate analysis, locoregional recurrence, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were all significantly associated with tumor size.

Acute toxicity included: Grade 3 skin in 25 percent of patients, Grade 3 diarrhea: 28 percent, and Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity in 21 and 48 percent, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Outcome after chemoradiotherapy for HIV-related anal squamous-cell carcinoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy is comparable to outcome in patients without HIV.

Earlier diagnosis and risk-adapted therapy could lead to improved survival and decreased treatment-related morbidity.

[MeSH-major] Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Seropositivity / complications

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(PMID = 18066626.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Elevated anal squamous cell carcinoma risk associated with benign inflammatory anal lesions.

BACKGROUND: The association between benign anal lesions and anal cancer is still unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a register based retrospective cohort study including 45,186 patients hospitalised for inflammatory anal lesions (anal fissures, fistulas, and perianal abscesses) as well as 79,808 haemorrhoid patients, from 1965 to 2002.

Multiple record linkages identified all incident anal (squamous cell carcinoma only) and colorectal cancers through to 2002.

Among inflammatory lesion and haemorrhoid patients, a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer was observed only in the first year after hospitalisation.

CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory benign anal lesions are associated with a significantly increased long term risk of anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Anus Diseases / complications. Anus Diseases / immunology. Female. Fissure in Ano / complications. Follow-Up Studies. Hemorrhoids / complications. Humans. Inflammation. Male. Middle Aged. Rectal Fistula / complications. Retrospective Studies. Risk Assessment

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[Cites] Acta Radiol Oncol. 1984;23(5):305-13 [6095600.001]

[Cites] Cancer. 2004 Jul 15;101(2):270-80 [15241823.001]

[Cites] IARC Sci Publ. 1987;(82):1-406 [3329634.001]

[Cites] Gastroenterology. 1988 Jul;95(1):107-11 [2836255.001]

[Cites] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Nov 15;81(22):1726-31 [2810388.001]

[Cites] N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 1;323(18):1228-33 [2215606.001]

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[Cites] Prog Growth Factor Res. 1992;4(2):121-37 [1338573.001]

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[Cites] Gut. 1997 Oct;41(4):522-5 [9391253.001]

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[Cites] Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):G626-34 [11518674.001]

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[Cites] Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Apr;286(4):G515-20 [15010360.001]

[Cites] N Engl J Med. 1987 Oct 15;317(16):973-7 [2821396.001]

(PMID = 16299038.001).

[ISSN] 0017-5749

[Journal-full-title] Gut

[ISO-abbreviation] Gut

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1856114

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HIV-infected patients with anal carcinoma who subsequently developed oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of 2 cases.

We describe 2 patients who had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and who first developed human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal squamous cell carcinoma and later, oral squamous cell carcinoma.

At the time each patient developed oral cancer, they were responding well to antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral loads.

Careful screening for oral cancers may be indicated in HIV-infected patients with HPV-associated anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. HIV Infections / complications. Mouth Neoplasms / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Second Primary. Papillomavirus Infections / complications

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(PMID = 19056865.001).

[ISSN] 1545-1097

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)

[ISO-abbreviation] J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Anal intraepithelial neoplasia].

[Transliterated title] Neoplasia intraepitelial anal.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for anal condylomata, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIN is a premalignant condition that can progress to invasive carcinoma through different grades of severity of the disease called AIN I, AIN II and AIN III.

The groups at risk are mainly patients with infection with human immunodeficiency virus, immunossuppressed patients and patients affected by HPV related diseases (e.g., cervical cancer or anal condyloma).

Accurate diagnosis of AIN lesions consists of accurate grading and disease extension.

Low grade AIN (AIN I) or in extensive lesions, follow-up is advised to determine the possible evolution to anal squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma in Situ / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal / pathology. Anal Canal / surgery. Humans

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(PMID = 17198654.001).

[ISSN] 0025-7753

[Journal-full-title] Medicina clínica

[ISO-abbreviation] Med Clin (Barc)

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Spain

[Number-of-references] 58

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A unique case of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

There have been several reports associating polycystic kidneys with HCS and several other connective tissue disorders, suggesting a possibility of a hyperproliferative component to the syndrome.

No articles exist in the current literature describing a case of HCS with concurrent carcinoma.

Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old nonimmune compromised woman with multiple stigmata of HCS and recently diagnosed anal squamous cell carcinoma.

METHOD: This is a case report of HCS and stage T3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

RESULTS: This is the first report of a patient with HCS with malignancy.

CONCLUSIONS: We present a patient with HCS who developed anal squamous cell carcinoma.

The mechanism of HCS, which is still unknown, may either make patients more susceptible to carcinoma or may just be a reflection of the normal incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma given attributable risk factors.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome / complications

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(PMID = 18727725.001).

[ISSN] 1463-1318

[Journal-full-title] Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

[ISO-abbreviation] Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous-cell carcinoma of the rectum: a rare but curable tumor.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate one institution's experience with treatment outcomes for rectal squamous-cell carcinoma.

METHODS: Using our prospective Colorectal Database, we identified patients diagnosed with rectal squamous-cell carcinoma at our institution between 1983 and 2005.

Pathology was rereviewed, tumor immunophenotype was compared to control cases of anal squamous-cell carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma, treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed.

Median distal extent of tumors was 7 (range, 5-8) cm from the anal verge.

Immunophenotypical analysis showed similar keratin expression profile between rectal squamous-cell carcinoma (n = 5) and rectal adenocarcinoma (n = 5), which is different from anal squamous-cell carcinoma (n = 10).

Immunohistochemistry suggests a common cellular origin for rectal squamous-cell carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma, which is different from anal squamous-cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / therapeutic use. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Colectomy. Fluorouracil / therapeutic use. Rectal Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 17661147.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 68238-35-7 / Keratins; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Spectrum of human papillomavirus-related dysplasia and carcinoma of the anus in HIV-infected patients.

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing.

It is likely that long-standing HIV-related immunosuppression plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of anal carcinoma; however, a direct HIV-HPV interaction has also been implicated.

Using cervical cancer prevention as a paradigm, anal Pap smear screening as part of routine HIV preventive care has been proposed to detect and treat precancerous anal lesions in the hope of decreasing anal cancer rates.

All HIV-positive patients with invasive cancer of the anal canal, particularly those with CD4+ cell counts greater than 200/microL and those receiving HAART, should be managed in the same manner as their HIV-negative counterparts.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. HIV Infections / epidemiology. Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification. Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology. Precancerous Conditions / pathology

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[CommentIn] AIDS Read. 2005 Feb;15(2):87 [15712399.001]

(PMID = 15712398.001).

[ISSN] 1053-0894

[Journal-full-title] The AIDS reader

[ISO-abbreviation] AIDS Read

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 54

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in refractory perianal Bowen's disease in a HIV-positive individual.

A 54-year-old HIV-positive homosexual man presented with erythematous and pigmented plaques on background erythema in the perianal region, histologically consistent with Bowen's disease.

Perianal Bowen's disease represents high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia, which is considered a precursor lesion of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma.

This patient's anal intraepithelial neoplasia was unresponsive to multiple treatment modalities including cryotherapy, serial curettage and cautery, topical 5-fluorouracil and 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy.

He progressed to develop a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the anus three and a half years after the Bowen's disease was diagnosed.

The squamous cell carcinoma was treated with combined chemoradiation.

A recurrence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia was noted 6 months after completion of chemoradiation.

[MeSH-major] Bowen's Disease / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. HIV Infections. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal. Combined Modality Therapy. Diagnosis, Differential. Homosexuality, Male. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness

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(PMID = 16637809.001).

[ISSN] 0004-8380

[Journal-full-title] The Australasian journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Australas. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal provides a model for studying the contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to the development of neoplasia.

This paper reviews the existing literature relating to the molecular biology of anal squamous cell carcinoma and proposes a theory of pathogenesis.

METHODS: A Medline literature search was performed to identify English articles on the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus; further articles were obtained from the references quoted in the literature initially reviewed.

RESULTS: HPV infection and subsequent HPV DNA integration are necessary, but not sufficient, to cause cancer progression.

Current data suggest that mutations in p53, DCC and APC tumour suppressor genes contribute to the stepwise progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals.

CONCLUSION: In comparison with immunocompetent individuals, HIV-positive patients have persistent HPV infection in the anal canal.

In this population, microsatellite instability, rather than chromosomal instability, appears to be a preferred pathway for rapid progression towards invasive carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. HIV Infections / genetics. Papillomaviridae / genetics. Tumor Virus Infections / genetics

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(PMID = 16607677.001).

[ISSN] 0007-1323

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

[Number-of-references] 81

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Histological features of human papilloma virus 16 and its association with the development and progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the expression patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV).

The expression patterns of HPV in the cancer cell nuclei was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV probes.

RESULTS: Amplification of DMD genes was confirmed in 8 of 20 patients with anal SCC, suggesting that tumor DNA was preserved in these patients.

In two patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), the cancer cells showed only a diffuse pattern (DP), and in two patients with invasive cancer, the cancer cell showed only an oligo-dot pattern (OP).

In one patient with lesions ranging from CIS to invasive cancer, the histologic features varied in each area, from DP to OP.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that HPV16 infection is closely involved in the development of anal SCC and suggest that the change in the genome occurs at the stage of microinvasive cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. DNA, Viral / genetics. Human papillomavirus 16 / genetics. Papillomavirus Infections / pathology

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[Cites] Front Biosci. 2002 Mar 01;7:e77-84 [11861218.001]

[Cites] Br J Cancer. 2002 Jul 1;87(1):61-4 [12085257.001]

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(PMID = 16998682.001).

[ISSN] 0941-1291

[Journal-full-title] Surgery today

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg. Today

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Survival from rare cancer in adults: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Rare cancers are a challenge to clinical practice, and treatment experience, even in major cancer centres to which rare cancers are usually referred, is often limited.

We also estimated the adjusted relative excess risk of death for every rare cancer.

FINDINGS: Overall 5-year relative survival was good (ie, >65%) for placental choriocarcinoma (85.4% [95% CI 81.4-89.5]), thyroid medullary carcinoma (72.4% [69.2-75.5]), ovarian germ-cell cancer (73.0% [70.0-76.0]), lung carcinoid (70.1% [67.3-72.9]), and cervical adenocarcinoma (65.5% [64.3-66.6]); intermediate (ie, 35-65%) for testicular cancer at age 65 years or older (64.0% [59.3-68.7]), sarcoma of extremities (60.0% [58.9-61.2]), digestive-system endocrine cancers (55.6% [54.9-56.3]), anal squamous-cell carcinoma (53.1% [51.5-54.8]), and uterine sarcoma (43.5% [42.0-44.9]); low for carcinoma of adrenal-gland cortex (32.7% [28.3-37.2]) and bladder squamous-cell carcinoma (20.4% [18.8-22.0]); and poor for angiosarcoma of liver (6.4% [1.8-11.0]) and mesothelioma (4.7% [4.3-5.2]).

Survival significantly improved over time for ovarian germ-cell cancer, sarcomas of extremities, digestive-system endocrine tumours, anal squamous-cell carcinoma, and angiosarcoma of liver.

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(PMID = 16455477.001).

[ISSN] 1470-2045

[Journal-full-title] The Lancet. Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Lancet Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Detection of multiple human papillomavirus genotypes in anal carcinoma.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for development of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Despite over 100 genotypes of the virus, HPV 16 and 18 are considered pathogenic as they are seen in the majority of cervical and anal cancers.

We aimed to determine the accuracy of our microarray in anal cancer DNA for HPV genotypes compared to the DNA sequencing gold standard.

METHODS: We utilized a sensitive microarray platform to classify 37 types of mucosal HPVs including 14 known high-risk and 23 low-risk types based on cervical cancer data.

We utilized DNA from pathologically confirmed cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

RESULTS: HPV was detected in 18/20 (90%) anal cancers.

Eighty percent of anal cancers had at least two HPV types.

CONCLUSIONS: Microarray technology is an accurate way to screen for various genotypes of HPV in anal cancer, with 100% correlation with genomic DNA detection of HPV.

The majority of anal cancers in our study associated with pathogenic HPV 16 and/or 18.

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(PMID = 20939896.001).

[ISSN] 1750-9378

[Journal-full-title] Infectious agents and cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Infect. Agents Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK067287; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R21 CA137346; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK080506

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2964599

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This paper describes a case of a hospice patient that a hospice and palliative care team struggled to palliate.

We review a case of a 63-year-old man with anal squamous cell carcinoma who was transferred from an inpatient hospice unit to an intensive care setting in an ill-fated attempt to alleviate his pain and suffering.

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Humans. Male. Medical Futility / psychology. Middle Aged. Palliative Care

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(PMID = 20509794.001).

[ISSN] 1557-7740

[Journal-full-title] Journal of palliative medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Palliat Med

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / PHS HHS / / 1K01HP00125-01

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prognostic biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: recent decades have seen combination chemoradiotherapy become the standard treatment for anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

This systematic review examines current prognostic markers in SCC of the anus.

METHODS: an extensive literature search was performed to identify studies reporting on biomarkers in anal cancer in the context of clinical outcome following treatment primarily with chemoradiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS: an array of biomarkers have been identified that correlate with survival following chemoradiotherapy in anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Biomarkers, Tumor. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality

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[Copyright] 2010 Cancer Resaerch UK.

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(PMID = 21063399.001).

[ISSN] 1532-1827

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / CDKN1A protein, human; 0 / CDKN1B protein, human; 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; 0 / Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 147604-94-2 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3008609

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal-rectal cytology: a review.

The incidence of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma, a human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancer, is on the rise, especially in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM).

Like cervical cancer, anal cancer is associated with precursor lesions detectable on exfoliative cytology as squamous intraepithelial lesions and on biopsy as intraepithelial neoplasia.

Anal-rectal cytology screening programs, similar to cervical cytology screening programs, have been developed in an effort to detect and to eradicate precursor lesions prior to progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

Either conventional or liquid-based anal-rectal cytology specimens are acceptable, but liquid-based specimens are preferred.

A minimum of 2,000-3,000 nucleate squamous cells should comprise adequate specimens.

Sensitivity and specificity of a single anal-rectal cytology specimen is comparable with that of a single cervical cytology test, but cytological interpretations do not always correlate with lesion severity.

Patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or worse should be referred for anoscopy.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / pathology. Rectum / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / epidemiology. Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Early Detection of Cancer. Humans. Papillomaviridae / physiology. Specimen Handling

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[Copyright] (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 19941374.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0339

[Journal-full-title] Diagnostic cytopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Diagn. Cytopathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 78

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Human papillomavirus infection and anal dysplasia in renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) disease, including anal squamous cell carcinoma.

The demographics of anal HPV and associated risk factors were investigated in this population.

METHODS: Anal cytology and polymerase chain reaction were used to assess anal HPV disease in a cohort of transplant recipients at the Royal London Hospital.

Risk factors associated with increased immunosuppression and HPV exposure were collated to determine any association with anal disease.

RESULTS: Anal dysplasia was associated with anal oncogenic HPV infection (P < 0.001), duration of immunosuppression (P = 0.050), previous genital warts (P = 0.018) and receptive anal intercourse (P = 0.013).

CONCLUSION: Anal dysplasia was related to immunosuppression and patient factors in this cohort.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / etiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / etiology. Immunosuppression / adverse effects. Kidney Transplantation. Papillomavirus Infections / complications

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(PMID = 20730855.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2168

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Surg

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 9007-49-2 / DNA

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Improved screening for anal neoplasia by immunocytochemical detection of minichromosome maintenance proteins.

PURPOSE: Early detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by screening will improve clinical outcome.

Assessment of anal cytology samples using routine Papanicolaou testing suffers from shortcomings in sensitivity and/or specificity, suggesting that screening tests based on biomarkers may be of value.

We tested the suitability in this context of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, accurate markers of the deregulated cell cycle entry that characterizes malignancy and premalignancy.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We undertook an initial immunohistochemical study of 54 anal tissue samples and validated our findings using an independent prospective cohort study of 235 anal cytology samples from 144 subjects.

RESULTS: In the progression from normal anal epithelium through AIN to SCC, there was increasing expression of MCM2 and MCM5, including in the superficial epithelial third, the source of the majority of cells collected by anal swab.

MCM LIs in the superficial layers were significantly greater than LIs for Ki67, an alternative marker of cell cycle entry (P<0.0001).

By immunocytochemistry using a mixture of anti-MCM2 and anti-MCM5 antibodies, immunopositive cells were readily identified in anal cytology samples, even at low magnification.

CONCLUSIONS: MCMs are promising biomarkers for improving detection of AIN and SCC in anal cytology samples.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism. Nuclear Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 18843031.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U105359875; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U105359878; United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / / ; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / MCM5 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; EC 3.6.4.12 / Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chemo-radiotherapy: an alternative to surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum--report of six patients and literature review.

PURPOSE: Since 1943 [1], only 45 patients of squamous cancer of the rectum have been reported in the published reports and the largest series to date consists of 12 patients.

Reports suggest that the primary treatment is surgical resection but, in the light of nonsurgical advances in the treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we present a review of the literature and report six patients treated by chemoradiation therapy (CRT).

METHOD: A literature search was undertaken using the keywords squamous cell, epidermoid, basaloid and cloacagenic and cancer of rectum and colon to provide evidence for this discussion from studies of surgery, radiation therapy and CRT in rectal SCC.

A prospective database of the Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, UK was searched from 1995 to 2005 for patients diagnosed with pure SCC of the rectum.

RESULTS: Six patients with histologically confirmed primary SCC of the rectum were treated with primary combination chemo-radiotherapy according to protocols used for SCC of the anal canal over a 15-year period.

CONCLUSIONS: Primary CRT, as currently utilized in anal cancer, can be extended to primary SCC of the rectum.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Rectal Neoplasms / drug therapy. Rectal Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18462236.001).

[ISSN] 1463-1318

[Journal-full-title] Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

[ISO-abbreviation] Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Number-of-references] 40

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The role of macrophages in angiogenesis. Comparison between HIV+ and HIV- populations with anal dysplasia and anal cancer.

BACKGROUND: While macrophages (CD68+) have been associated with angiogenesis in some inflammatory and neoplastic processes by increasing the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), their role in anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal squamous cell carcinoma has not been established.

This study records macrophage infiltration in anal pre-invasive and invasive lesions in HIV+ and HIV- populations, and determines their relationship with angiogenesis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients (31 HIV+) with AIN and anal SCC were studied.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / blood supply. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood supply. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. HIV Infections / pathology. Macrophages / physiology. Neovascularization, Pathologic / virology

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal / blood supply. Anal Canal / pathology. Antigens, CD / biosynthesis. Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / biosynthesis. Anus Diseases / pathology. Anus Diseases / virology. Disease Progression. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Precancerous Conditions / blood supply. Precancerous Conditions / virology. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / biosynthesis. Warts / pathology. Warts / virology

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(PMID = 15868898.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; 0 / CD68 antigen, human; 0 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Controversies in the management of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Anal squamous dysplasia is recognized as a spectrum of disease that ranges from low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) to invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Recent reports have shown a significant increase in both the incidence and prevalence of both HSIL and anal SCC, particularly in immunocompromised patients and in men who have sex with men.

However, there is evidence that screening of high-risk patients with anal cytology is useful in identifying those that require further evaluation.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms. Carcinoma in Situ. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell. HIV Seropositivity / complications. Homosexuality, Male

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(PMID = 18923350.001).

[ISSN] 0026-4733

[Journal-full-title] Minerva chirurgica

[ISO-abbreviation] Minerva Chir

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Immunologic Factors

[Number-of-references] 73

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Immunosuppressive disorders and risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark, 1978-2005.

Compromised immune function may increase the risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

We examined the risk of anal SCC in patients with HIV infection and other chronic disorders associated with immunosuppression.

A population-based cohort study was conducted using the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR).

We identified all patients with a first-time hospital contact or procedure for HIV infection, solid organ transplantation or autoimmune disease or a first-time record of haematologic malignancy in the DCR, 1978-2005, and followed these for a subsequent anal SCC, starting follow-up 1 year after diagnosis of the index disease.

Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed as the ratio of observed to expected numbers of anal SCCs, based on national age-, sex- and period-specific rates.

Among 4,488 patients with HIV, we observed 21 anal SCCs with 0.3 expected (SIR: 81.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.6-121.9)).

Risk of anal SCC was markedly increased among 5,113 solid organ recipients (SIR: 14.4 (CI: 7.0-26.4)) and 30,165 patients with haematologic malignancies (SIR: 2.3 (CI: 1.1-4.2)) but only moderately increased among 242,114 patients with autoimmune diseases (SIR: 1.3 (CI: 1.0-1.6)).

In conclusion, we found HIV infection, solid organ transplantation, haematologic malignancies and a range of specific autoimmune diseases strongly associated with increased risk of anal SCC.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Immunocompromised Host

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(PMID = 19960431.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells but not regulatory T cells predict outcome in anal squamous cell carcinoma.

We have evaluated the effect of T-cell subsets on survival in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma following radiochemotherapy.

METHODS: Biopsy specimens from 38 patients with anal carcinomas were evaluated using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry for the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68 antibodies.

CONCLUSIONS: TILs were identified as negative prognostic indicators in anal squamous cell carcinomas with granzyme B+ cytotoxic cells showing highest effect on outcome.

This is possibly explained by the selection of therapy-resistant tumor cell clones.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / immunology. T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology. T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology

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(PMID = 16740757.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Combined modality therapy for HIV-infected patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: outcomes and toxicities.

PURPOSE: We report toxicity and survival data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men with anal carcinoma treated with combined modality therapy (CMT) of radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was performed on the records of 17 HIV-positive patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with CMT at our institution between 1991 and 2004.

RESULTS: Significant acute skin and hematologic toxicity developed in 8 of 17 and 9 of 17 patients, respectively.

Significant late toxic sequelae developed in 3 patients: 1 anorectal ulcer, 2 dermatologic (perianal ulceration, hemorrhagic perineal sores and suspected fissure).

CONCLUSION: For HIV patients with anal carcinoma, CMT yields reasonable local control with significant acute complications.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. HIV Infections / complications

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(PMID = 16904522.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIMHD NIH HHS / MD / 5P60-MD000525

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: A 54-year-old woman with a prior history of anal squamous cell carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection, total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Three years later, she developed vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with vascular and lymphatic invasion and underwent radical vulvectomy and distal urethrectomy.

CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a rectus abdominis flap to the perineum through an extrapelvic route is preferred if laparotomy is not used for the resection.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Pelvis / surgery. Perineum / surgery. Reconstructive Surgical Procedures / methods. Rectus Abdominis / surgery. Surgical Flaps. Vulvar Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / surgery. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Muscles. Skin. Uterine Neoplasms / pathology. Uterine Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 21119371.001).

[ISSN] 1525-1438

[Journal-full-title] International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal canal cancer patients: a multicenter experience.

PURPOSE: To report a multicenter experience treating anal canal cancer patients with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 2000 to June 2006, 53 patients were treated with concurrent chemotherapy and IMRT for anal squamous cell carcinoma at three tertiary-care academic medical centers.

CONCLUSION: Preliminary outcomes suggest that concurrent chemotherapy and IMRT for anal canal cancers is effective and tolerated favorably compared with historical standards.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods

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[CommentIn] J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):688; author reply 688-9 [18235135.001]

[ErratumIn] J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):694

(PMID = 17925552.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Primary ano-rectal malignant melanomas within a population-based national patient series in Sweden during 40 years.

PURPOSE: To analyze 251 patients (101 males and 150 females) diagnosed with ano-rectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) reported to the Swedish National Cancer Registry during 1960-1999.

54% of the tumours were primary in the anal canal, 24% engaged the whole ano-rectal unit and 10% were located at the anal verge (11% unknown primary site).

The majority of ARMM emerged primary in the anal canal and a primary location exclusively in the colonic mucosa of the rectum is questionable.

The concentration of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma to population-dense urban areas, as previously reported, was not found in cases of ARMM.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / epidemiology. Melanoma / epidemiology. Rectal Neoplasms / epidemiology

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(PMID = 18607861.001).

[ISSN] 1651-226X

[Journal-full-title] Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Norway

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes of chemoradiotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil and mitomycin C for anal cancer in immunocompetent versus immunodeficient patients.

PURPOSE: Information is limited as to how we should treat invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with chronic immunosuppression, since the majority of clinical studies to date have excluded such patients.

The objective of this study is to compare treatment outcomes in immunocompetent (IC) versus immunodeficient (ID) patients with invasive anal SCC treated similarly with combined modality therapy.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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(PMID = 19203845.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Diagnostic problems in anal pathology.

Anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions are increasing in incidence in the United States and Europe.

This trend predates human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and has been associated with persistent high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype infection, previous lower genital tract dysplasia/carcinoma, high frequency anoreceptive intercourse, heavy cigarette smoking, immunosuppression in solid organ transplant and immune disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity.

Screening protocols for at-risk patients are under active investigation and pathologists are often asked to assess anal canal and perianal biopsies for the presence of dysplasia and/or invasive carcinoma.

Because underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of anal cancer and precancer may lead to inappropriate treatment, it is important for the pathologist to be aware of current screening strategies, specific risk lesions, and the role of pathology in initial diagnosis and evaluation of anal biopsy and/or resection specimens.

Standardized histologic criteria and uniform terminology should be used for reporting all anal canal and perianal squamous intraepithelial lesions.

HPV subtyping, anal cytology, and recently identified biomarkers, such as p16 and Becton Dickinson ProEx C may provide additional information in problematic cases, but it is important to be aware of the limitations of these assays.

HPV has been linked to all the major histologic subtypes of anal carcinoma (eg, basaloid, cloacogenic, transitional, etc.) and this association is strongest for anal canal lesions.

With the possible exception of the microcystic pattern, histologic subtype does not seem to predict prognosis; and anal squamous cell carcinomas should be classified as either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing.

Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas have a worse prognosis and should be distinguished from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and neuroendocrine tumors.

Very well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins (so-called giant condyloma of Buschke and Lowenstein) should be classified as verrucous carcinoma; this tumor shows aggressive local infiltration but does not metastasize.

As all anal condylomata may harbor foci of high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma, careful sectioning and complete histologic examination is required.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Verrucous / pathology. Condylomata Acuminata / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Papillomaviridae / genetics. Risk Factors. Terminology as Topic

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(PMID = 18724100.001).

[ISSN] 1533-4031

[Journal-full-title] Advances in anatomic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv Anat Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 73

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Tumor site predicts outcome after radiochemotherapy in squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal region: long-term results of 101 patients.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the long-term results following radiochemotherapy in patients with anal squamous-cell carcinoma and to evaluate the impact of tumor location on response, survival, and colostomy-free survival.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 2001, a total of 101 patients with anal carcinoma were registered for curative treatment, of whom 77 had involvement of the anal canal alone, 10 cases had extension into the perianal skin, and 14 patients had pure anal margin tumors.

Small tumors of the anal margin were not included since they were treated by surgical excision only.

T categories (International Union against Cancer) were T1 (15), T2 (36), T3 (34), and T4 (16).

RESULTS: Overall survival and colostomy-free survival rates for patients with anal canal cancer were 75 percent and 87 percent at five years, respectively.

Patients with anal margin cancer had a less favorable outcome with five-year-overall and colostomy-free survival rates of 54 percent and 69 percent, respectively.

After correction for imbalance between anal canal and anal margin tumors, i.e., exclusion of T1 tumors of the anal canal, difference in overall survival remained significant (73 percent vs. 54 percent, P = 0.01).

Following multivariate analysis, tumor location (anal canal vs. anal margin, P = 0.02), age (P = 0.003), and dose intensity of chemotherapy (< or =75 percent vs. >75 percent, P = 0.03) remained independent significant factors for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS: With colostomy-free survival rates around 85 percent, long-term treatment results for anal canal carcinoma have reached a satisfactory level.

However, patients with larger lesions of the perianal skin are at high risk for locoregional recurrence and possible treatment intensification in this subgroup seems desirable.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 15991058.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal squamous cell carcinoma in the HIV-positive patient.

Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal is uncommon.

Modern therapy of HIV with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the overall survival of HIV patients and allowed effective therapy for those who develop epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.

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[Cites] Acta Cytol. 2005 Jul-Aug;49(4):405-15 [16124170.001]

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(PMID = 20436834.001).

[ISSN] 1530-9681

[Journal-full-title] Clinics in colon and rectal surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Colon Rectal Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2780243

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Epidermoid carcinoma of the anus / HIV / anal cancer

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A single-center study of the utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) levels in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal and margin (ECACM) treated with chemoradiation (CRT).

Radiotherapy comprised the schedule of the UK Anal cancer Trial (ACT II).

Clinical stage at diagnosis- Tx (6) T1 (28), T2 (80), T3 (65), T4 (16), N0 (126), N+ (66) Nx (3).

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(PMID = 27961219.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) is an increasing concern in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era.

A discussion of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of SCCAC is presented.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / etiology. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / etiology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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[CommentIn] Cutis. 2010 Mar;85(3):119 [20408506.001]

(PMID = 20408513.001).

[ISSN] 0011-4162

[Journal-full-title] Cutis

[ISO-abbreviation] Cutis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antiviral Agents

[Number-of-references] 12

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus with high intratumoral lymphocytosis and its clinical implications.

BACKGROUND: It has been claimed that patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) showing intraepithelial lymphocytes have a poor prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / pathology. Lymphocytosis / pathology

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(PMID = 18751436.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal-report of four cases].

We have treated four Japanese patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal using concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

These four patients have been alive and free of disease (follow-ups of 55, 14, 7 and 5 months, respectively), with excellent function of the anal sphincter after treatment.

These results suggest that concurrent chemoradiotherapy is safe and effective for Japanese patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18347409.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal showing complete response following chemoradiotherapy--a case report].

We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal which showed complete response following chemoradiotherapy.

A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (T2N0M0 stage II).

This case suggests that we should take measures to prevent distant metastases in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18219895.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment options in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a rare malignancy that is often cured with the combined modality therapy of chemoradiation.

Here, we present a summary of the existing literature in the treatment of metastatic anal carcinoma in the hopes of providing insight and potential treatment alternatives for the practicing physician.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 19479383.001).

[ISSN] 1534-6277

[Journal-full-title] Current treatment options in oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Treat Options Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal cancer with associated human immunodeficiency virus].

He presented with an anal tumor with bilateral inguinal nodal metastasis and pain in the anus; the tumor was diagnosed as stage IIIb (cA1N2M0).

However, CT performed 2 years after the diagnosis showed a recurrence in the hilar and mediastinal lymph node.

The patient developed non-hematologic toxicity and died within 3 years of the diagnosis.

We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with associated HIV infection.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Seropositivity / complications

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(PMID = 21224670.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

PURPOSE: To review the outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / radiation effects. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

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(PMID = 19704368.001).

[ISSN] 1537-453X

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of salvage treatment for local recurrence of squamous cell anal carcinoma after chemoradiation].

A 76-year-old woman consulted her local physician because she experienced anal pain during defecation.

She was diagnosed with squamous cell anal carcinoma and underwent chemoradiation (59.4 Gy + UFT 500 mg/5 days/week).

She was followed up and 8 months later, she experienced anal erosion and pain.

Functional preservation employing concomitant chemoradiation has become the standard treatment for most case of squamous cell anal carcinoma, with APR backup being a salvage procedure.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Salvage Therapy

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(PMID = 21224671.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 1548R74NSZ / Tegafur; 56HH86ZVCT / Uracil; 1-UFT protocol

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: utilization and outcomes of recommended treatment in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, recommended treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal has shifted from surgery to primary chemoradiation.

METHODS: From the National Cancer Data Base (1985-2005), 38,882 patients with anal canal cancer were identified.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 18414951.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes and prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess survival and prognostic factors for anal carcinoma in the population.

METHODS: Patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1985-2000).

Concordance was calculated to assess agreement between American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and actual outcome.

RESULTS: Nineteen thousand one hundred ninety-nine patients with anal carcinoma were identified (Stage I, 25.3 percent; Stage II, 51.8 percent; Stage III, 17.1 percent; Stage IV, 5.7 percent).

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (6th edition) staging system provided good survival discrimination by stage: I, 69.5 percent; II, 59.0 percent; III, 40.6 percent; and IV, 18.7 percent (concordance index, 0.663).

On multivariable analysis, patients with anal carcinoma had a higher risk of death if they were male, >or=65 years old, black, living in lower median incomes areas, and had more advanced T stage tumors, nodal or distant metastases, or poorly differentiated cancers (P < 0.0001).

There was not a significant difference in survival by hospital type or year of diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Although tumor characteristics and staging affect prognosis, patient factors, such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status, are also important prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality

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(PMID = 19404066.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prognostic factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin treated by radiotherapy: the Lyon experience.

BACKGROUND: To report our patient experience with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin and to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 2001, 26 patients with anal margin squamous cell carcinoma were treated in Lyon-Sud: 7 T1, 14 T2, 4 T3, and 1 T4 with 20 N0, 3 N1, and 3 N2.

The anal canal was invaded in five patients.

Three factors correlated with specific survival: cell differentiation (P=0.038) and T (P=0.001) and N category (P=0.0005).

CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the dominating place of definitive irradiation and radiochemotherapy in the treatment of anal margin squamous cell carcinoma.

The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma is correlated to T and N staging and cell differentiation.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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[Cites] Cancer. 1983 Apr 1;51(7):1291-6 [6825051.001]

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(PMID = 16799791.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in the elderly showing complete response following radiotherapy--a case report].

We reported an elderly case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal which showed complete response following radiotherapy alone.

An 86-year-old man complaining of anal bleeding and pain was admitted.

Biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18219887.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: patterns and predictors of failure and implications for intensity-modulated radiation treatment planning.

PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) is increasingly used in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC).

Cumulative sites of LRF (patients may have one or more site of failure) were as follows: primary, 35; inguinal, 8; external perianal, 5; common iliac, 4; presacral, 3; distal rectum, 2; external iliac, 2; and internal iliac, 2.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods. Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods. Tumor Burden

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20350793.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil