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[Title] Clinical stage, therapy, and prognosis in canine anal sac gland carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Reports of canine anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) describe varied clinical presentations and management and differing responses to therapy.

A unifying approach to clinical stage determination and management of this disease has yet to be presented.

METHODS: A simplified clinical stage system and a management algorithm for canine ASGC were derived from retrospective evaluation of a cohort of 80 dogs; applicability of both was then prospectively evaluated in a cohort of 50 dogs.

In both retrospective and prospective analyses, the modified clinical stage scheme revealed a significant association with survival time.

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(PMID = 17427388.001).

[ISSN] 0891-6640

[Journal-full-title] Journal of veterinary internal medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Vet. Intern. Med.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] FDG-PET/CT imaging for staging and target volume delineation in conformal radiotherapy of anal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: FDG-PET/CT imaging has an emerging role in staging and treatment planning of various tumor locations and a number of literature studies show that also the carcinoma of the anal canal may benefit from this diagnostic approach.

We analyzed the potential impact of FDG-PET/CT in stage definition and target volume delineation of patients affected by carcinoma of the anal canal and candidates for curative radiotherapy.

METHODS: Twenty seven patients with biopsy proven anal carcinoma were enrolled.

Pathology was squamous cell carcinoma in 20 cases, cloacogenic carcinoma in 3, adenocarcinoma in 2, and basal cell carcinoma in 2.

RESULTS: PET/CT fused images led to change the stage in 5/27 cases (18.5%): 3 cases from N0 to N2 and 2 from M0 to M1 leading to change the treatment intent from curative to palliative in a case.Based on PET/CT imaging, GTV and CTV contours changed in 15/27 (55.6%) and in 10/27 cases (37.0%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET/CT has a potential relevant impact in staging and target volume delineation of the carcinoma of the anal canal.

Clinical stage variation occurred in 18.5% of cases with change of treatment intent in 3.7%.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma / pathology. Neoplasm Staging / methods. Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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(PMID = 20137093.001).

[ISSN] 1748-717X

[Journal-full-title] Radiation oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiat Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2851594

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Feasibility of the sentinel node biopsy in anal cancer.

AIM: Anal cancer is a rare neoplasm.

According to a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer multivariate analysis, synchronous inguinal lymph node metastasis occurs in 10-25% of patients and constitutes an independent prognostic factor for local failure and overall mortality.

METHODS: Inguinal lymph node status was assessed using the sentinel node technique in 35 patients with anal cancer.

RESULTS: Histology revealed 23 squamous carcinomas, 10 basaloid carcinomas, 1 squamous carcinoma with basaloid areas and 1 spinocellular epithelioma associated with areas of Bowen's disease.

Disease stage was T1 in 5 patients, T2 in 18, T3 in 11 and T4 in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the correlation between prognosis and node involvement, sentinel node biopsy can be considered a simple method for adequate pretreatment staging of anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Feasibility Studies. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Inguinal Canal / pathology. Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Recurrence

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(PMID = 18337684.001).

[ISSN] 1824-4785

[Journal-full-title] The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Understanding the burden of human papillomavirus-associated anal cancers in the US.

BACKGROUND: Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy in the US; up to 93% of anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus.

METHODS: Cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 from 39 population-based cancer registries were analyzed.

The following anal cancer histologies were included in the analysis: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and small cell/neuroendocrine carcinomas.

RESULTS: From 1998 through 2003, the annual age-adjusted invasive anal cancer incidence rate was 1.5 per 100,000 persons.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histology overall, accounting for 18,105 of 21,395 (84.6%) cases of anal cancer.

Incidence rates of anal SCC increased 2.6% per year on average.

The majority of SCC cases were diagnosed at the in situ or localized stage (58.1%).

API were more likely to be diagnosed with regional or distant stage disease than were other racial/ethnic groups (27.5% and 11.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Rates of anal SCC varied by sex, race, and ethnicity.

A higher proportion of API were diagnosed at regional/distant stage.

Continued surveillance and additional research are needed to assess the potential impact of the HPV vaccine on the anal cancer burden in the US.

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(PMID = 18980293.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] None / None / / N01 PC035137; United States / NCCDPHP CDC HHS / DP / U50 DP424071; United States / NCI NIH HHS / PC / N01 PC035137; United States / NCCDPHP CDC HHS / DP / U50 DP424071-04

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS104103; NLM/ PMC2729501

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Epidermoid carcinomas of anal canal treated with radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin)].

[Transliterated title] Carcinomes épidermoïdes du canal anal traités par association concomitante de radiothérapie et de chimiothérapie. Evaluation des résultats fonctionnels.

PURPOSE: To evaluate our results after radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy in terms of local control, survival and toxicity in patients with anal cancer.

The T-stage according to the 2001 UICC classification were: 2 T1, 26 T2, 25 T3, and 7 T4.

LC rate with a good anal function scoring (score 0 and 1) was 70%.

Among 43 pts who preserved their anus, 98% had a good anal function scoring.

Late severe complication was observed in 3 pts: 2 pts with painful necrosis of the anus requiring colostomy and 1 pt with grade 3 rectal bleeding.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anal Canal / pathology. Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / administration & dosage. Brachytherapy. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Combined Modality Therapy. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. Follow-Up Studies. HIV Seropositivity. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Multivariate Analysis. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Neoplasm Staging. Prognosis. Radiotherapy Dosage. Time Factors. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17110148.001).

[ISSN] 1278-3218

[Journal-full-title] Cancer radiothérapie : journal de la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Radiother

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Local tumor control and toxicity in HIV-associated anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the outcome of HIV-seropositive patients under highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) with anal cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy (CT).

10 TNM-stage and age matched HIV-seronegative patients (1992-2003) were compared with the 10 HIV-seropositive patients.

Pattern of care, local disease control (LC), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and toxicity were assessed.

[MeSH-major] Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Anus Neoplasms / virology. HIV Infections / complications. HIV Infections / drug therapy. Radiotherapy / methods

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(PMID = 16916475.001).

[ISSN] 1748-717X

[Journal-full-title] Radiation oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiat Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1570351

[General-notes] NLM/ Original DateCompleted: 20070726

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Long-term results and prognostic factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal treated by irradiation].

[Transliterated title] Résultats à long terme et facteurs pronostiques des carcinomes épidermoïdes du canal anal traités par irradiation.

PURPOSE: To analyze the prognostic factors of loco regional control (LRC), specific survival (SS) and sphincter conservation (SC) of patients treated by curative and conservative irradiation for an epidermoid cancer of anal canal in our institution.

Forty-three pts were stage I, 154 stage II, 31 stage IIIA and 53 stage IIIB.

Five-years-LRC were 71.5% (88% for stage I, 69% for stage II, 77%, for stage IIIA and 60% for stage IIIB).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17400501.001).

[ISSN] 1278-3218

[Journal-full-title] Cancer radiothérapie : journal de la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Radiother

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Epidermoid anal cancer prognosis comparison among HIV+ and HIV- patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest a poor prognosis of epidermoid anal cancer in HIV+ patients.

AIM: To investigate the long-term outcome of epidermoid anal cancer in HIV+ and HIV- patients in the highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) era.

METHODS: We included all patients with epidermoid anal cancer referred to six hospitals from 1998 to 2004.

No significant differences were observed in the tumour stage, pelvic radiotherapy dose or concomitant chemotherapy, according to the HIV status.

CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcome of HIV+ patients with epidermoid anal cancer is similar to that of HIV- patients.

[MeSH-major] Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Infections / drug therapy. HIV Seropositivity / complications

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(PMID = 19392867.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2036

[Journal-full-title] Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

[ISO-abbreviation] Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Involved-field, low-dose chemoradiotherapy for early-stage anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To report the results of patients with early-stage anal cancer treated using a low-dose, reduced-volume, involved-field chemoradiotherapy protocol.

All were considered to have Stage N0 disease radiologically.

CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that for patients with anal carcinoma who have residual microscopic or very-small-volume disease, a policy of low-dose, reduced-volume, involved-field chemoradiotherapy produces excellent local control and disease-free survival, with low rates of acute and late toxicity.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17919842.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma in mid-Norway 1970-2000.

The treatment of anal carcinoma changed from surgery to chemoradiotherapy 20-25 years ago.

The aim of this observational study was to compare surgery with chemoradiotherapy with regard to side effects, local recurrence and survival during and after the implementation of a new treatment policy for anal carcinoma.

The study includes all 111 patients with anal carcinoma diagnosed between 1970 and 2000 in mid-Norway.

Stage, age and treatment were all significant indicators of survival in uni- and multivariable analysis.

Late side effects were moderate after combined therapy; only one patient preferred getting a stoma due to radiation damage of the anal sphincter.

The change of strategy for anal cancer treatment from surgery to combined therapy has probably reduced local recurrence and improved survival.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma / therapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality

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(PMID = 17882558.001).

[ISSN] 0284-186X

[Journal-full-title] Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Norway

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma occurring in Crohn's disease patients with chronic anal fistula.

This paper reports six patients with perianal Crohn's disease (CD), who developed anal cancer in chronic anal fistulas.

Tumors have been often diagnosed at an advanced stage and had a worse prognosis than cancers arising in the general population as tumor symptoms may mimic symptoms of CD, resulting in delay in diagnosis.

Patients with perianal CD should undergo a careful surveillance program for ano-rectal carcinoma, including routine biopsy of any suspected lesion.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / etiology. Crohn Disease / complications. Rectal Fistula / complications

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(PMID = 16437885.001).

[ISSN] 2283-5423

[Journal-full-title] I supplementi di Tumori : official journal of Società italiana di cancerologia ... [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Suppl Tumori

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Squamous cell carcinoma ofthe anal canal represents 1.5% of all malignancies affectingthe gastrointestinal tract.

CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: Historically abdominoperineal resection had been the treatment of choice with local resection reserved for early stage disease.

Work by Nigro et al. has revolutionised how we currently manage carcinoma of the anal canal, demonstrating combined modality chemoradiotherapy as an appropriate alternative to surgical resection with the benefit of preserving sphincter function.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 19736891.001).

[ISSN] 1479-666X

[Journal-full-title] The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgeon

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Scotland

[Number-of-references] 57

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment of anal carcinoma in immune-compromised patients.

This study was undertaken to evaluate local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and toxicity in immune-compromised patients with anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

METHODS: We identified 25 patients with anal carcinoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or history of solid-organ transplant on chronic medical immune-suppression.

AJCC T-stages were Tis (4%), T1 (8%), T2 (58%) and T3 (29%).

T-stage and CD4 level in HIV-positive patients predict for LC.

T-stage and TT predict for OS.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma / therapy. Immunocompromised Host

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(PMID = 19776001.001).

[ISSN] 1699-3055

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Transl Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Patterns of failure and outcome in patients with carcinoma of the anal margin.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcome of patients with carcinoma of anal margin in terms of recurrence, survival, and radiation toxicity.

METHODS: A series of 45 consecutive patients, with anal margin carcinoma treated between 1983 and 2006 with curative intent at two institutions, was retrospectively analyzed.

The overall anal conservation rate was 80% for the whole series.

There was no significant association between local recurrence and patient age, histological grade, tumor size, T stage, overall treatment time, RT dose, or chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anal Canal / surgery. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / epidemiology. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant. Retrospective Studies. Survival Analysis. Treatment Failure. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 18231838.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Current therapeutic strategies for anal squamous cell carcinoma in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In Western countries, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is well established as the standard therapy for stages II/III anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).

The Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG-CCSG) conducted a survey to determine the current therapeutic strategies for ASCC in Japan.

Detailed information was obtained for 55 subjects; 25 (45%) had stage II ASCC and 30 (55%) had stage III ASCC.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Asian Continental Ancestry Group. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Digestive System Surgical Procedures

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(PMID = 19856049.001).

[ISSN] 1437-7772

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] Japan

[Investigator] Kondo Y; Ohtsuka K; Shiiba K; Sato T; Yoshimi F; Kotake K; Sawada T; Mochizuki H; Konishi F; Saito N; Moriya Y; Masaki T; Aoki T; Takahashi K; Hasegawa H; Kenichi S; Sumiyama Y; Sato T; Akaike M; Kudo S; Yamada T; Munakata Y; Shigeski Y; Kato T; Maeda K; Koizumi K; Monden M; Ohue M; Higashino M; Tanigawa M; Fukunaga M; Kato T; Okamura S; Kimura H; Okajima M; Takakura N; Tanada M; Shirouzu K; Kitano S

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

: e15108 Background: Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy has shown to improve local control and sphincter preservation with decreased acute toxicity compared with postoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

Secondary endpoint was sphincter preservation and toxicity Methods: Inclusion criteria: rectal adenocarcinoma <12 cms from anal verge, clinical stage T3-4, adequate renal, hematological and liver function.

Clinical stage (determined by CT or RMI): T3: 66.6% and T4: 33.3%.

Tumor location (from anal verge): < 6 cm in 10pts, >6 cm in 5pts.

Main adverse effects (NCI-CTC): diarrhea G3-4: 14.2%, sensitive peripheral neurotoxicity G1: 26.6%, nausea/vomiting G3-4: 11%, Anemia G3-4: 7.1%, neutropenia G3-4: 14.2% Conclusions: Preliminary results show that preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5FU-folinic acid is an effective regimen with an acceptable safety profile for locally advanced rectal cancer, leading to a high probability of tumor downstaging.

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(PMID = 27964340.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A retrospective review of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

: e15586 Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients (pts) are at increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) and the incidence of SCCAC has increased in the era of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy).

The aim of this study is to describe the outcome, tolerability, and overall survival (OS) in pts with and without HIV infection treated at Karmanos Cancer Institute, at Wayne State University from 1991 to 2007.

We collected data regarding HIV status, demographics (age, gender, race), stage at diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, toxicity, and survival.

HIV (+) pts had significantly better stage (p = 0.011) and less frequent reduced chemotherapy dose (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: HIV (+) pts had better stage, received standard chemotherapy dose more often, and had more frequent XRT dermatitis than HIV (-) pts.

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(PMID = 27962344.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment intensification by induction chemotherapy (ICT) and radiation dose escalation in locally advanced squamous cell anal canal carcinoma (LAAC): Definitive analysis of the intergroup ACCORD 03 trial.

The 4 arms were well balanced concerning the sex-ratio, age, stage, T size and differentiation.

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(PMID = 27961547.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

: e15134 Background: Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy has shown to improve local control and sphincter preservation with decreased acute toxicity compared with postoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

METHODS: Inclusion criteria: rectal adenocarcinoma <12 cms from anal verge, clinical stage T3-4, adequate renal, hematological and liver function.

Clinical stage (determined by CT or RMI): T3: 70% and T4: 30%.

Tumor location (from anal verge): < 6 cm in 8pts, >6 cm in 7pts.

CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results show that preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with Capecitabine is an effective regimen with an acceptable safety profile for locally advanced rectal cancer, leading to a high probability of tumor downstaging.

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(PMID = 27960909.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Phase II study of capecitabine and oxaliplatin with concurrent radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

: 4116 Background: Definitive therapy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal consists of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C or cisplatin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of XELOX-XRT as definitive treatment for anal cancer.

METHODS: Patients with histologically proven SCC of the anal canal, AJCC Stage II-IIIB (T_2-4 or N+M₀), ECOG PS 0-1, HIV^-, and no prior therapy were eligible for XELOX-based chemoradiotherapy.

Therefore, the chemotherapy schedule was modified and only 1 of 9 patients in Group 2 developed grade 3 diarrhea.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) is effective for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

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(PMID = 27961220.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A single-center study of the utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) levels in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal and margin (ECACM) treated with chemoradiation (CRT).

All 195 were treated with CRT- (50.4Gy in 28 fractions of 1.8 Gy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + mitomycin (MMC).

Radiotherapy comprised the schedule of the UK Anal cancer Trial (ACT II).

Clinical stage at diagnosis- Tx (6) T1 (28), T2 (80), T3 (65), T4 (16), N0 (126), N+ (66) Nx (3).

RESULTS: Mean baseline SCCAg by cT and cN stage were: T1 93 (ng/dl), T2 300, T3 607, T4 882, N0 376, N+ 529 (correlation coeff: T: 0.47, N: 0.33, both p< 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between T and N stage and baseline SCC.

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(PMID = 27961219.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal canal carcinoma: early-stage tumors < or =10 mm (T1 or Tis): therapeutic options and original pattern of local failure after radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical history, management, and pattern of recurrence of very early-stage anal canal cancer in a French retrospective survey.

METHODS: The study group consisted of 69 patients with Stage Tis and T1 anal canal carcinoma < or =1 cm treated between 1990 and 2000 (12 were in situ, 57 invasive, 66 Stage N0, and 3 Stage N1).

These small anal cancers could be treated by RT using a small volume and moderate dose (40-50 Gy for subclinical lesions and 50-60 Gy for T1).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anal Canal / physiology. Carcinoma in Situ / pathology. Carcinoma in Situ / radiotherapy. Carcinoma in Situ / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / surgery. Chi-Square Distribution. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Neoplasm Staging. Radiotherapy Dosage

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(PMID = 15890590.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Pelvic phased-array MR imaging of anal carcinoma before and after chemoradiation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the MR findings of anal carcinoma using an external pelvic phased-array coil before and after chemoradiation treatment.

15 patients with carcinoma of the anal canal underwent T(2) weighted and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging before and after chemoradiation.

At pre-treatment imaging, the tumour size and stage, signal intensity and infiltration of adjacent structures were recorded.

Pelvic phased-array MR imaging is useful for local staging of anal carcinoma and assessing treatment response.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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(PMID = 18238920.001).

[ISSN] 1748-880X

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Clinical application of intersphincteric resection in the anal-preserving operation for ultra-low rectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of intersphincter resection (ISR) combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) and colon-anal anastomosis in the treatment for ultra-low rectal carcinoma.

METHODS: To review and analyze retrospectively the data of 34 patients with ultra-low rectal carcinoma (without external anal sphincter involvement) who received treatment of ISR, TME and colon-anal anastomosis.

Reconstruction of digestive tract was done by manual colon-anal anastomosis.

The pathological types were as follows: 28 cases of adenocarcinoma (11 were well differentiated, 17 moderately differentiated), 1 case of papillary carcinoma and 5 cases of villous adenoma with malignant change.

The postoperative pathological stages were: Dukes stage A in 28 cases, stage B in 1 and stage C in 5 cases.

CONCLUSION: With strictly grasping indications, radical resection can be attained and anal sphincter preserved by ISR combined with TME and colon-anal anastomosis.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / surgery. Anal Canal / surgery. Rectal Neoplasms / surgery. Rectum / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma, Villous / pathology. Adenoma, Villous / surgery. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anastomosis, Surgical. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary / surgery. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Neoplasm Staging. Retrospective Studies. Surgical Wound Dehiscence / etiology

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(PMID = 20193339.001).

[ISSN] 0253-3766

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Results of surgical salvage after failed chemoradiation therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal consists of combined radiation and chemotherapy.

Factors that were not found to have an impact on survival included the presence of persistent versus recurrent disease, tumor (T) stage, and margin status of resection.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival following salvage surgery for persistent or locally recurrent epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal can be achieved in the majority of patients.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neoplasm, Residual / surgery

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(PMID = 17103253.001).

[ISSN] 1068-9265

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: predictors of treatment outcome.

PURPOSE: The incidence of anal canal squamous-cell carcinoma is increasing.

METHODS: Using one database, we identified 131 Stages I-III patients treated for primary anal canal squamous-cell carcinoma at our institution from December 1986 to August 2006, with minimum six-month follow-up.

RESULTS: Of 131 patients (median age, 58.3 years; median follow-up, 2.9 (range, 0.6-11.2) years), 66 percent were females, 43.5 percent were Stage II, and 11 (8 percent) were HIV-positive.

Almost all patients undergoing radiotherapy (96.7 percent, 118/122) also had chemotherapy: 118 (100 percent, Stages I-III) had concurrent chemotherapy: (98 (83.8 percent) mitomycin/5-fluorouracil, 12 (10.2 percent) cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, 8 (6.8 percent) 5-fluorouracil alone); 35 of 46 (76 percent) Stage III patients received induction chemotherapy (34 (97.1 percent) cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, 1 (2.8 percent) 5-fluorouracil alone).

Many (44 percent Stages I/II, 48.9 percent Stage III) required dose adjustments.

Bivariate analyses demonstrated that T stage (P=0.0019), completion of radiotherapy, and total radiotherapy dose (P=0.03) were all significantly associated with treatment failure.

On multivariate analyses, disease stage (P=0.05) and completion of radiotherapy (P=0.01) remained significant predictors of relapse-free survival.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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[ErratumIn] Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 May;51(5):620

(PMID = 18180997.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: utilization and outcomes of recommended treatment in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, recommended treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal has shifted from surgery to primary chemoradiation.

METHODS: From the National Cancer Data Base (1985-2005), 38,882 patients with anal canal cancer were identified.

Patients were significantly less likely to receive guideline treatment if male, older, black or Hispanic, more severe comorbidities, or Stage I (vs Stage II or III).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 18414951.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Predictors and patterns of recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate patterns of locoregional failure, and predictors of recurrence and survival in patients treated with chemoradiation for anal cancer.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between September 1992 and August 2004, 167 patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell anal carcinoma were treated with definitive chemoradiation.

Multivariate analysis showed that higher T stage and N stage independently predicted for a higher rate of locoregional failure; higher N stage and basaloid subtype independently predicted for a higher rate of distant metastasis; and higher N stage and positive human immunodeficiency virus status independently predicted for a lower rate of overall survival.

Among the patients who had locoregional failure, 18 (75%) had failure involving the anus or rectum, 5 (21%) had other pelvic recurrences, and 1 (4%) had inguinal recurrence.

The majority of locoregional failures involve the anus and rectum, whereas inguinal recurrences occur rarely.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / mortality. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / prevention & control. Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / mortality

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(PMID = 17379452.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes and prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess survival and prognostic factors for anal carcinoma in the population.

METHODS: Patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1985-2000).

Concordance was calculated to assess agreement between American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and actual outcome.

RESULTS: Nineteen thousand one hundred ninety-nine patients with anal carcinoma were identified (Stage I, 25.3 percent; Stage II, 51.8 percent; Stage III, 17.1 percent; Stage IV, 5.7 percent).

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (6th edition) staging system provided good survival discrimination by stage: I, 69.5 percent; II, 59.0 percent; III, 40.6 percent; and IV, 18.7 percent (concordance index, 0.663).

On multivariable analysis, patients with anal carcinoma had a higher risk of death if they were male, >or=65 years old, black, living in lower median incomes areas, and had more advanced T stage tumors, nodal or distant metastases, or poorly differentiated cancers (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: Although tumor characteristics and staging affect prognosis, patient factors, such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status, are also important prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality

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(PMID = 19404066.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Assessing the impact of FDG-PET in the management of anal cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of FDG-PET in anal cancer for staging and impact on radiotherapy planning (RTP), response and detection of recurrent disease.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty histopathological anal cancer patients were reviewed between 1996 and 2006.

RESULTS: The non-PET staging was Stage I(8), Stage II(18), Stage III(22), and Stage IV(2)s.

CONCLUSIONS: Anal cancer is FDG-PET avid.

PET can aid in anal cancer staging and identification of residual disease, recurrent/metastatic disease but warrants further prospective studies.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Positron-Emission Tomography. Radiopharmaceuticals

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(PMID = 18453023.001).

[ISSN] 0167-8140

[Journal-full-title] Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiother Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

PURPOSE: To review the outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Distribution according to T stage was: T1, 11 (16%); T2, 29 (42%); T3, 21 (30%); and T4, 8 (12%).

Distribution according to N stage was: N0, 53 (77%); N1, 3 (4%); N2, 7 (10%); and N3, 6 (9%).

The 5-year cause-specific and overall survival rates were: stage I, 100% and 64%; stage II, 86% and 70%; stage III, 80% and 76%; and overall, 87% and 71%, respectively.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / radiation effects. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

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(PMID = 19704368.001).

[ISSN] 1537-453X

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Histological features of human papilloma virus 16 and its association with the development and progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the expression patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV).

The expression patterns of HPV in the cancer cell nuclei was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV probes.

RESULTS: Amplification of DMD genes was confirmed in 8 of 20 patients with anal SCC, suggesting that tumor DNA was preserved in these patients.

In two patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), the cancer cells showed only a diffuse pattern (DP), and in two patients with invasive cancer, the cancer cell showed only an oligo-dot pattern (OP).

In one patient with lesions ranging from CIS to invasive cancer, the histologic features varied in each area, from DP to OP.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that HPV16 infection is closely involved in the development of anal SCC and suggest that the change in the genome occurs at the stage of microinvasive cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. DNA, Viral / genetics. Human papillomavirus 16 / genetics. Papillomavirus Infections / pathology

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(PMID = 16998682.001).

[ISSN] 0941-1291

[Journal-full-title] Surgery today

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg. Today

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal showing complete response following chemoradiotherapy--a case report].

We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal which showed complete response following chemoradiotherapy.

A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (T2N0M0 stage II).

This case suggests that we should take measures to prevent distant metastases in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18219895.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal cancer with associated human immunodeficiency virus].

He presented with an anal tumor with bilateral inguinal nodal metastasis and pain in the anus; the tumor was diagnosed as stage IIIb (cA1N2M0).

We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with associated HIV infection.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Seropositivity / complications

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(PMID = 21224670.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: patterns and predictors of failure and implications for intensity-modulated radiation treatment planning.

PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) is increasingly used in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC).

In patients with advanced tumor or nodal stage, common iliac nodes should also be included in the CTV.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods. Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods. Tumor Burden

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20350793.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Efficacy and toxicity of chemoradiation in the treatment of HIV-associated anal cancer.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine the results and the toxicity of concurrent chemoradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-positive patients treated at a single institution.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: HIV-positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the canal treated at Continuum Cancer Centers-affiliated hospitals were identified from tumor registries.

We reviewed hospital and treatment charts to gather data relating to demographics, HIV status including cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count and viral load, tumor stage, radiation and chemotherapy treatment, toxicity and local control, and survival.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Infections / complications. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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(PMID = 20920996.001).

[ISSN] 1938-0674

[Journal-full-title] Clinical colorectal cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Colorectal Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Size does matter: can we reduce the radiotherapy field size for selected cases of anal canal cancer undergoing chemoradiation?

AIMS: Chemoradiation is the standard of care for the treatment of anal canal cancer, with surgery reserved for salvage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1998 and August 2004, 30 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell anal canal cancer were treated with chemoradiation using one phase of treatment throughout.

CONCLUSIONS: This single-centre retrospective study supports the treatment for selected cases of anal canal cancer with smaller than standard radiation fields, avoiding prophylactic inguinal nodal irradiation.

In future studies we would suggest that consideration is given as to whether omission of prophylactic inguinal nodal irradiation for early stage tumours should be explored.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Lymphatic Irradiation. Radiation Injuries / prevention & control

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Combined Modality Therapy / adverse effects. Female. Humans. Inguinal Canal. Male. Middle Aged. Patient Compliance. Pelvis. Radiation Dosage. Retrospective Studies. Survival Analysis

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(PMID = 19282157.001).

[ISSN] 0936-6555

[Journal-full-title] Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] High risk of colostomy with primary radiotherapy for anal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (RT) has become the primary treatment of choice for anal cancer in an effort to avoid colostomy.

Early stage disease, low T-score and absence of infiltration in adjacent organs were associated with a reduced need for colostomy in univariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: In approximately one-third of the patients treated by anal sphincter saving management with curative aimed primary RT, the creation of a colostomy appeared to be necessary for RT complications and local treatment failure.

Therefore, patients should be well informed regarding the considerable risk of need for colostomy after RT for anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Colostomy

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(PMID = 17066231.001).

[ISSN] 1068-9265

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Survival from rectal and anal cancers in England and Wales, 1986-2001.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tumour and patient characteristics on trends in the survival of patients with cancer of the anus or rectum in England and Wales.

The results showed that 5-year relative survival was higher in women, younger patients and more affluent patients, and higher for anal cancer than rectal cancer.

The trend was more marked in younger and more affluent patients, and for adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma than for tumours with other morphology.

It is concluded that improvements in survival may reflect improvements in disease stage, diagnostic technique or treatment.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anus Neoplasms / mortality. England / epidemiology. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Survival Analysis. Wales / epidemiology

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(PMID = 16600590.001).

[ISSN] 0959-8049

[Journal-full-title] European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma of the elderly treated with radiotherapy alone or with concomitant radio-chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: To analyse the results achieved with radio-chemotherapy (RTCT) or radiotherapy alone (RT) in elderly patients (pts) affected with squamous cell anal cancer.

There were 9 stage I, 29 stage II, 11 stage IIIa and 13 stage IIIb.

RESULTS: Stage II fared significantly better than stage III in terms of locoregional control (LRC) but not overall survival (OS).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17085056.001).

[ISSN] 1040-8428

[Journal-full-title] Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The bottom line: outcomes after conservation treatment in anal cancer.

At the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, between 1980 and 2000, 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal or margin (including 15 with Stage IIIA or IIIB) were treated radically; 55 received chemoradiation (89% were prescribed mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil).

Most patients with anal cancer can expect to retain a functional sphincter after chemoradiation/radiation.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 16499727.001).

[ISSN] 0004-8461

[Journal-full-title] Australasian radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Australas Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Correlation of modified Gleason grading with pT stage of prostatic carcinoma after radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between modified Gleason score (GS) and pT stage of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Both variants of GS correlated with pathologic stage.

Stage pT2 tumors were assigned a GS of 3-6 less often with modified grading than with conventional grading (29% and 84%, respectively).

The only significant difference of stage distribution between conventional and modified GS was for GS 7, where pT2 was the most common stage with modified grading (54%) and pT3 was most common with conventional grading (67%).

Of GS 3 + 4 = 7a tumors, 95% were stage pT2, while 79% of GS 4 + 3 = 7b tumors were stage pT3-4.

CONCLUSION: The stage distribution of modified GSs of RP specimens differs from that of conventional GSs, but a good correlation exists between grade and pT stage.

Notably, GS 4 + 3 = 7b was more often associated with high stage than was GS 3 + 4 = 7a.

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(PMID = 18459581.001).

[ISSN] 0884-6812

[Journal-full-title] Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology

[ISO-abbreviation] Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Staging anal cancer: prospective comparison of transanal endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

PURPOSE: The staging of anal cancer is extremely important for therapy and prognosis.

METHODS: Forty-five anal cancer patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

For six patients who were operated upon because of tumor progression, the results were evaluated against the histological tumor stage.

Cancer patients were correctly identified with 100% sensitivity (45/45) by endoscopic ultrasound and with 88.9% (40/45) sensitivity by magnetic resonance imaging.

In the six operated patients, T stage was correctly assessed in four of six patients by endoscopic ultrasound and in three of six patients by magnetic resonance imaging.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / ultrasonography. Endosonography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neoplasm Staging / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Adenocarcinoma / ultrasonography. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biopsy, Needle. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / ultrasonography. Cohort Studies. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Neoplasm Invasiveness / ultrasonography. Prospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 19365694.001).

[ISSN] 1873-4626

[Journal-full-title] Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Gastrointest. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinical outcome after treatment with a brachytherapy boost versus external beam boost for anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome after definitive whole pelvis external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy (BT) boost after treatment break vs. external beam boost without break in the treatment of anal carcinoma.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with invasive anal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.

Concomitant chemotherapy (CT) with mitomycin C was applied during whole pelvis EBRT depending on tumor stage.

Pattern of care, local disease control (LC), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed.

In early stage tumors, (192)Ir-HDR BT boost with CT resulted in a 5-year LC and CSS of 100%.

In all patients, BT boost did not result in improved LC, OS, and CSS compared with EBRT boost, despite stage and treatment bias favoring small tumors to be treated with BT.

BT boost is most beneficial in early stage tumors but the advantage of BT seems to be limited due to its invasiveness, doctor dependence, and logistic circumstances.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Brachytherapy / instrumentation. Carcinoma / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17681244.001).

[ISSN] 1538-4721

[Journal-full-title] Brachytherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Brachytherapy

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Accuracy of endoanal ultrasound in the follow-up assessment for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal treated with radiochemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Radiochemotherapy has largely replaced surgery in the treatment for squamous cell cancer of the anal canal.

Transanal ultrasonography is well documented as an important investigation method in the management of anal carcinoma.

METHODS: The study enrolled 16 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven squamous carcinoma of the anal canal between 2003 and 2006.

RESULTS: Nine patients had stage uT2 disease; none had uT3 disease; and seven had uT4 disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Endoanal ultrasound is a safe and effective method for evaluating and following anal cancer before and after treatment.

Experience and evaluation during the period of the ultrasonographic abnormalities could give a clear idea concerning the evolution of the anal tumors treated with radiochemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / ultrasonography. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / ultrasonography. Endosonography

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(PMID = 18813993.001).

[ISSN] 1432-2218

[Journal-full-title] Surgical endoscopy

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Endosc

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinomas in HIV-positive patients: high-dose chemoradiotherapy is feasible in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Anal carcinoma, a common disease in HIV-positive patients, is usually treated with chemoradiotherapy.

We report our experience of treating anal carcinoma in the era of new antiviral drugs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2001, nine men on highly active antiretroviral therapies with good immune status before chemoradiotherapy received concomitant chemoradiotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatinum, and high-dose radiotherapy (60-70 Gy) for anal carcinoma.

Six cancers were Stage I, two were Stage II, and one was Stage III.

Among them, four had no or minor anal function impairment at the last follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION: High-dose chemoradiotherapy for anal carcinomas is feasible with low toxicity in HIV-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapies.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. HIV Infections / complications

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(PMID = 15906137.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Retroviral Agents; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Radiochemotherapy in the conservative treatment of anal canal carcinoma: retrospective analysis of results and radiation dose effectiveness.

PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis reports the results on patients with anal canal carcinoma treated by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between March 1993 and December 2001, 43 patients with anal canal carcinoma were treated with radiochemotherapy at the Hospital do Cancer A.C. Camargo.

Stage distribution was as follows: I, 3 (7%); II, 23 (53.5%); IIIA, 8 (18.6%); and IIIB, 9 (21%).

Patient's age, tumor stage, overall treatment time, and RT dose at primary tumor were variables analyzed for survival and local control.

Overall survival according to clinical stage was as follows: I, 100%; II, 82%; IIIA, 73%; and IIIB, 18% (p = 0.0049).

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that the treatment scheme employed was effective for anal sphincter preservation and local control; however, the incidence of distant metastases was relatively high.

The clinical stage was the main prognostic factor for overall survival.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 15752894.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of effective chemoradiation therapy against anal fistula carcinoma recurred 10 years after surgery].

A male in his eighties underwent abdominoperineal resection under the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma associated with anal fistula (P0, H0, n (-), A1, stage II, ly0, v0).

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / therapy. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Rectal Fistula / etiology

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(PMID = 17212165.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 1548R74NSZ / Tegafur; 56HH86ZVCT / Uracil; 1-UFT protocol

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Patterns of local disease failure and outcome after salvage surgery in patients with anal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Salvage surgery for anal cancer is usually reserved for local disease failure, but issues relating to the prediction of local failure and surgical outcome are ill defined.

METHODS: Between 1988 and 2000, 254 patients with non-metastatic anal epidermoid carcinoma were treated at a regional cancer centre with radiotherapy (n = 127) or chemoradiotherapy (n = 127).

Increasing age (P < 0.001, Cox model), total radiation dose (P = 0.004) and tumour stage (P = 0.010) were independent predictors of local failure.

CONCLUSION: In the management of anal cancer, local disease failure is a major clinical problem requiring early detection followed by radical surgery, often accompanied by plastic reconstruction.

By implication, these factors favour the centralization of treatment for this uncommon cancer to a multidisciplinary oncology team.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Salvage Therapy / methods

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2005 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(PMID = 15739215.001).

[ISSN] 0007-1323

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Is survival reduced for patients with anal cancer requiring surgery after failure of radiation? Analysis from a population study over two decades.

Chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for anal cancer.

From a prospective population-based database on radiation and surgical therapy, we compare outcomes for patients with anal cancer undergoing rectal resection after radiation with patients undergoing radiation alone.

Patients undergoing surgical resection of the rectum after initial radiation (SRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, anal canal, cloacogenic zone, and overlapping lesions of the rectum and anal canal from 1983 to 2002 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

SRT had more patients with regional stage of disease (66.7 vs 42.4%, P = 0.001).

For patients with localized stage, survival for SRT and RT was similar (105 vs 98 months, P = 0.7).

For patients with regional stage, survival for SRT and RT was similar (95 vs 83 months, P = 0.6).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Anus Neoplasms / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery

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(PMID = 19280811.001).

[ISSN] 0003-1348

[Journal-full-title] The American surgeon

[ISO-abbreviation] Am Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans-abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and transabdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors.

METHODS: Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed.

For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with neoplasia and 3 giant villous adenoma.

For pathological stages, there were 18 cases at stage pTNM I, 5 at IIA, 1 at IIB, 4 at IIIA, 1 at III and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4.

Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation.

However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year.

CONCLUSION: The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.

[MeSH-major] Anal Canal / surgery. Mesentery / surgery. Rectal Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 19957808.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5815

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Radiation dose associated with local control in advanced anal cancer: retrospective analysis of 129 patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyse a large consecutive cohort of patients with anal cancer for treatment-related factors influencing local control and survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients referred for primary radiotherapy at Medical University of Vienna in 1990-2002 with anal canal carcinoma without distant metastases were analysed.

RESULTS: Median age was 67 years (n=129), the UICC stage distribution was 15%, 58%, and 27% for stages I, II, and III, respectively.

Stage and age were significant factors for overall and colostomy-free-survival, N-stage for disease-free-survival.

Shorter overall treatment time favoured local control in stage T1-2 (p=.015), higher total radiation dose and female gender were associated with improved local control in T3-4 tumours (p=.021).

CONCLUSIONS: These results support potential improvement of anal cancer treatment by studying advanced technology such as IMRT, making it possible to tailor high-dose regions.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 18501453.001).

[ISSN] 0167-8140

[Journal-full-title] Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiother Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Different altered stage correlative expression of high abundance acute-phase proteins in sera of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The general enhanced expression of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), clusterin (CLU), alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), haptoglobin beta-chain (HAP), and leucine rich glycoprotein (LRG) in the sera of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOCa) was recently reported.

In the present study, we compared the expression of the serum acute-phase proteins (APPs) in the patients according to their stages of cancer.

RESULTS: Different altered stage correlative expression of the high abundance serum APPs was demonstrated in sera of the patients studied.

While the expression of ACT, HAP and AAT appeared to demonstrate positive correlation with the three initial stages of the cancer, inverse correlation was apparently detected in the expression of LRG and CLU.

For patients who were diagnosed with stage IV of the cancer, expression of the serum APPs did not conform to the altered progression changes.

[MeSH-major] Acute-Phase Proteins / metabolism. Carcinoma in Situ / blood. Ovarian Neoplasms / blood

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[Cites] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17039-44 [15572443.001]

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(PMID = 19709441.001).

[ISSN] 1756-8722

[Journal-full-title] Journal of hematology & oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J Hematol Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Acute-Phase Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2739531

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal before and after chemoradiation: can MRI predict for eventual clinical outcome?

PURPOSE: To describe the MRI appearances of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal before and after chemoradiation and to assess whether MRI features predict for clinical outcome.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-five patients (15 male, 20 female; mean age 60.8 years) with histologically proven squamous cell cancer of the anal canal underwent MRI before and 6-8 weeks after definitive chemoradiation.

Images were reviewed retrospectively by two radiologists in consensus blinded to clinical outcome: tumor size, signal intensity, extent, and TNM stage were recorded.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal / pathology. Analysis of Variance. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neoplasm Staging. Retrospective Studies. Treatment Outcome. Tumor Burden

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20171812.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Multimedia article. Laparoscopic ultralow anterior resection with colonic J-pouch-anal anastomosis.

PURPOSE: Optimal treatment of mid to distal rectal cancers includes total mesorectal excision for oncologic clearance and, where reanastomosis is feasible, a colonic J-pouch-anal anastomosis improves bowel function.

Bowel continuity was restored by an intracoporeal double-cross stapled colonic J-pouch-anal anastomosis, but where not possible a coloplasty with pull-through handsewn coloanal anastomosis was performed.

The indications were adenocarcinoma (n = 51), squamous-cell carcinoma of rectum (n = 1), dermoid tumor of mesorectum (n = 1), large villous adenoma (n = 1), and carcinoid with local lymph node metastases (n = 1).

The adenocarcinomas were a median distance of 6 (3-12) cm from the anal verge.

The histologic grading or the adenocarcinoma patients were: Stage I, n = 14; Stage II, n = 23; Stage III, n = 11; Stage IV, n = 3.

The level of the coloanal anastomosis was a median 3.5 (0-4.5) cm from the anal verge; a coloanal pull-through anastomosis was required in one patient who had a distal cancer.

Four other patients had smaller pelvic collections that resolved with antibiotics; pelvic collections were associated with advanced stage of cancer (P = 0.047).

This brought the rectum proximally and anteriorly, aiding with the laparoscopic stapler transection of the distal rectum, especially if the cancer was distal, the patient was obese, and the pelvis was narrow.

Further randomized, controlled studies that include assessing five-year cancer survival/recurrence, pelvic nerve dysfunction, and bowel function are needed before laparoscopic ultralow anterior resection becomes widely accepted.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / surgery. Anal Canal / surgery. Colonic Pouches. Laparoscopy / methods. Proctocolectomy, Restorative / methods. Rectal Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 18679748.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Interactive Tutorial

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Management of anal cancer in 2010. Part 1: Overview, screening, and diagnosis.

Although anal cancer is a rare disease, its incidence is increasing in men and women worldwide.

Anal cancer is generally preceded by high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), which is most prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men.

Meta-analysis suggests that 80% of anal cancers could be avoided by vaccination against HPV 16/18.

Nearly half of all patients with anal cancer present with rectal bleeding.

According to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, 50% of patients with anal cancer have disease localized to the anus, 29% have regional lymph node involvement or direct spread beyond the primary, and 12% have metastatic disease, while 9% have an unknown stage.

Clinical staging of anal carcinoma requires a digital rectal exam and a computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

The 5-year relative survival rates are 80.1% for localized anal cancer, 60.7% for regional disease, and 29.4% for metastatic disease.

Part 2 of this two-part review will address the treatment of anal cancer, highlighting studies of chemoradiation.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / prevention & control. Mass Screening

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(PMID = 20464850.001).

[ISSN] 0890-9091

[Journal-full-title] Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 94

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The impact of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography on the staging, management and outcome of anal cancer.

Accurate inguinal and pelvic nodal staging in anal cancer is important for the prognosis and planning of radiation fields.

There is evidence for the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the staging and management of cancer, with early reports of an increasing role in outcome prognostication in a number of tumours.

We aimed to determine the effect of FDG-PET on the nodal staging, radiotherapy planning and prognostication of patients with primary anal cancer.

Sixty-one consecutive patients with anal cancer who were referred to a tertiary centre between August 1997 and November 2005 were staged with conventional imaging (CIm) (including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound and chest X-ray) and by FDG-PET.

The stage determined by CIm and the proposed management plan were prospectively recorded and changes in stage and management as a result of FDG-PET assessed.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate survival for the whole cohort and by FDG-PET and CIm stage.

The tumour-stage group was changed in 23% (14 out of 61) as a result of FDG-PET (15% up-staged, 8% down-staged).

Fourteen percent of T1 patients (3 out of 22), 42% of T2 patients (10 out of 24) and 40% of T3-4 patients (6 out of 15) assessed using CIm, had a change in their nodal or metastatic stage following FDG-PET.

FDG-PET shows increased sensitivity over CIm for staging nodal disease in anal cancer and changes treatment intent or radiotherapy prescription in a significant proportion of patients.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods

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(PMID = 19259091.001).

[ISSN] 1532-1827

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Validation Studies

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2653751

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Tubulovillous adenoma of anal canal: a case report.

Tumors arising from the anal canal are usually of epithelial origin and are mostly squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

We present a case of benign anal adenomas arising from the anus, an extremely rare diagnosis.

Examination revealed a 4 cm friable mass attached to the anus by a stalk.

The squamocolumnar junction was visible at the edges of the lesion confirming the anal origin of the tumor.

We believe the tubulovillus adenoma arose from either an anal gland or its duct that opens into the anus.

Although seen rarely, it is important to recognize and treat these tumors at an early stage because of their potential to transform into adenocarcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Villous / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Anal Canal / pathology. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. Humans. Male

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[Cites] N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 1;319(9):525-32 [2841597.001]

[Cites] J Clin Pathol. 2005 Feb;58(2):217-9 [15677547.001]

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(PMID = 16586552.001).

[ISSN] 1007-9327

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4124358

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chemoradiation in advanced vulval carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Vulval carcinoma is uncommon, affecting approximately 2 per 100,000 women annually.

Advanced vulval carcinomas involve midline structures (such as clitoris, urethra, or anus) and/or adjacent pelvic organs or bone, and adequate excision may require urinary diversion, colostomy, or pelvic exenteration.

Less morbid and less mutilating therapeutic alternatives have been investigated, particularly chemoradiation, which has shown success in the management of anal carcinomas.

This is a retrospective study of the GSH's experience of the use of chemoradiation as primary therapy for women with advanced vulval carcinoma.

Other prognostic factors for survival were performance status and tumor stage.

Performance status, age, and tumor stage were also associated with survival.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Vulvar Neoplasms / drug therapy. Vulvar Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 19509582.001).

[ISSN] 1525-1438

[Journal-full-title] International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes of chemoradiotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil and mitomycin C for anal cancer in immunocompetent versus immunodeficient patients.

PURPOSE: Information is limited as to how we should treat invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with chronic immunosuppression, since the majority of clinical studies to date have excluded such patients.

The objective of this study is to compare treatment outcomes in immunocompetent (IC) versus immunodeficient (ID) patients with invasive anal SCC treated similarly with combined modality therapy.

There were no significant differences in tumor size, T stage, N stage, chemotherapy doses, or radiation doses between the two groups.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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(PMID = 19203845.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Abdomino-perineal resection for anal cancer: impact of a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneus flap on survival, recurrence, morbidity, and wound healing.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneus (VRAM) flap after abdomino-perineal resection (APR) for anal cancer (AC).

The groups (VRAM vs. No VRAM) differed in age at surgery (56.3 vs. 62.1; P = 0.0263); administration of chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy (81% vs. 59%; P = 0.0218); and stage (ypT3-T4 67.6% vs. 38.4%; P = 0.0394).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / surgery. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Postoperative Complications. Surgical Flaps. Wound Healing

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(PMID = 19801930.001).

[ISSN] 1528-1140

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anus-preservation treatment for anal cancer: retrospective analysis at a single institution.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate anus-preservation treatment for anal cancer.

METHODS: Review of 42 patients (24 M/18 F; median age, 70 years; range, 13-95) with stage I-IIIB disease (squamous cell carcinoma [SqCC], 33; adenocarcinoma, 9) who received curative radiotherapy between 1991 and 2004.

Five-year functional anus-preservation rate was 64%.

In multivariate analysis, OS was affected by performance status (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.009), and pathological type (P = 0.006).

Only N stage (P = 0.001) affected DFS.

CONCLUSION: With careful monitoring of toxicity, non-surgical anus-preservation treatment with good tumor control is feasible.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / therapy. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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[Copyright] 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

(PMID = 17492635.001).

[ISSN] 0022-4790

[Journal-full-title] Journal of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal cancer chemoirradiation with curative intent - a single institution experience.

Results of radiochemotherapy in 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, treated with radical radiochemotherapy between January 2003 and September 2007, at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana are presented.

In the multivariate analysis, nodal stage was identified as an independent prognostic factor for LRC, DSS and CFS and application of Mitomycin C for OS.

Late anal stenosis, chronic ulceration and grade 2-3 incontinence developed in 3 (6 %), 2 (4 %) and 5 (10 %) of colostomy-free survivors, respectively.

</p> KEYWORDS: anal cancer, radiochemotherapy, survival, toxicity.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 19239330.001).

[ISSN] 0028-2685

[Journal-full-title] Neoplasma

[ISO-abbreviation] Neoplasma

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Slovakia

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HIV-specific differences in outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a multicentric cohort study of HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

PURPOSE: To define clinical outcome after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of anal carcinoma in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Local disease control (LC), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), toxicity, and prognostic factors were investigated.

RESULTS: HIV-positive patients were younger (mean age, 48 v 62 years; P < .0005), predominantly male (93% v 25%; P < .0005), and with early-stage (P = .06) and large-cell histology (90% v 67%; P = .005) disease.

CONCLUSION: Long-term LC and acute toxicity represent major clinical challenges in HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. HIV Infections / drug therapy

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(PMID = 18427149.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal is independent of gene amplification.

The EGFR status in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, an uncommon malignancy traditionally treated with chemoradiation, has not been well investigated.

In this study, 38 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal were immunohistochemically examined for EGFR expression and analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for EGFR gene copy numbers.

There were no significant differences among tumors stratified by stage, degree of keratinization, or tissue block storage times.

These results demonstrate that EGFR is overexpressed in more than one-half of the squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal through mechanisms other than gene amplification.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / metabolism. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / metabolism. Up-Regulation

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(PMID = 16648870.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Relationship between pathologic T-stage and nodal metastasis after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the relationship between pathologic T-stage and mesorectal metastases after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for clinical stage II to III rectal carcinoma.

METHODS: The records of consecutive patients with clinical stage II to III carcinoma of the mid or low rectum who underwent surgery after CRT were reviewed.

Indications for preoperative CRT were cancer up to 11 cm from the anal verge, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, age 18 to 75 years, and clinical tumor-node-metastasis stage II or III.

The pretreatment tumor-node-metastasis stage was as follows: I, n = 1; II, n = 96; and III, n = 138.

According to the pT stage, the rate of node positivity was 2% for pT0, 15% for pT1, 17% for pT2, 38% for pT3, and 33% for pT4 cases.

On considering pT stage alone, the odds ratio was in the region of 10 for pT1/2 and >20 for pT3/4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pT0 after preoperative CRT for clinical stage II to III mid or low rectal cancer, the risk of nodal metastases is very low.

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[CommentIn] Ann Surg Oncol. 2005 Feb;12(2):95-7 [15827785.001]

(PMID = 15827790.001).

[ISSN] 1068-9265

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Impact of PET/CT on initial staging, restaging and treatment management of anal cancer: a clinical case with literature review.

Distant extrapelvic metastases appear in approximately in 10% of the patients with squamous cell anal cancer (SCAC) and survival depends on the treatment strategy.

We present a patient with SCAC in whom, according to PET/CT findings, the initial stage was changed from II (T2N0M0) to III A (T2N2M0).

Radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy achieved a good therapeutic response but early follow up revealed new paraaortic lymph node (LN) metastases, as well as an uncommon left supraclavicular LN metastasis from the same primary carcinoma.

The disease was restaged as stage IV (T2N2M1) and radiation therapy was substituted by chemotherapy.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiography. Anus Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiography. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Positron-Emission Tomography. Radiopharmaceuticals. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 17309188.001).

[ISSN] 1107-0625

[Journal-full-title] Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J BUON

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Allelic imbalances of chromosomes 8p and 18q and their roles in distant relapse of early stage, node-negative breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Identification of breast cancer patients at risk for postoperative distant relapse is an important clinical issue.

METHODS: Using 'counting alleles', a novel experimental method, we determined allelic status of chromosomes 8p and 18q in a case-control study with 65 early stage, node negative, invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs).

CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that differential allelic loss of chromosomes 8p and 18q may represent subtypes of early stage IDC with different tumor progression behaviors.

[MeSH-major] Allelic Imbalance. Breast Neoplasms / genetics. Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / genetics

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(PMID = 16457686.001).

[ISSN] 1465-542X

[Journal-full-title] Breast cancer research : BCR

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1410773