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[Title] Local tumor control and toxicity in HIV-associated anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the outcome of HIV-seropositive patients under highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) with anal cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy (CT).

Pattern of care, local disease control (LC), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and toxicity were assessed.

[MeSH-major] Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Anus Neoplasms / virology. HIV Infections / complications. HIV Infections / drug therapy. Radiotherapy / methods

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(PMID = 16916475.001).

[ISSN] 1748-717X

[Journal-full-title] Radiation oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiat Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1570351

[General-notes] NLM/ Original DateCompleted: 20070726

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma in an HIV-infected woman.

A 42-year-old HIV-infected woman with an antecedent of HPV-related genital disease is diagnosed with invasive anal carcinoma due to HPV 16.

Anal cancer is becoming an increasing problem in HIV-infected woman.

In fact, the prevalence of HPV infection-related disease in this population is higher in the anus than in the cervix.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / complications. HIV Infections / complications. Papillomavirus Infections / complications. Tumor Virus Infections / complications

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(PMID = 20526528.001).

[ISSN] 1537-744X

[Journal-full-title] TheScientificWorldJournal

[ISO-abbreviation] ScientificWorldJournal

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] US intergroup anal carcinoma trial: tumor diameter predicts for colostomy.

PURPOSE: The US Gastrointestinal Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 98-11 anal carcinoma trial showed that cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy resulted in a significantly higher rate of colostomy compared with mitomycin-based therapy.

Established prognostic variables for patients with anal carcinoma include tumor diameter, clinical nodal status, and sex, but pretreatment variables that would predict the likelihood of colostomy are unknown.

In the multivariate analysis, tumor-related prognosticators for poorer OS included node-positive cancer (P < or = .0001), large (> 5 cm) tumor diameter (P = .01), and male sex (P = .016).

CONCLUSION: The combined analysis of the two arms of RTOG 98-11, representing the largest prospective database, reveals that tumor diameter (irrespective of the nodal status) is the only independent pretreatment variable that predicts TTC and 5-year colostomy rate in patients with anal carcinoma.

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(PMID = 19139424.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / UL1 RR025741; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA21661; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA37422; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA037422; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA021661; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10CA32115; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA032115

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2667813

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Human papillomavirus genotypes in anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal carcinoma as detected in tissue biopsies.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection strongly correlates with the development of anal intraepithelial neoplasias and carcinomas; however, few studies have characterized the distribution of the specific subtypes of the virus in the varying grades of dysplasia.

This report characterizes the distribution of HPV 16/18 in surgical specimens with anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) I-III and histological variants of anal carcinoma.

A total of 111 anal surgical specimens with no dysplasia (10), AIN I-III (53), and anal carcinomas (48) were evaluated for the presence of high-risk HPV infection and subtyped by nested PCR or the Invader Assay.

High-risk virus types were detected in progressively greater number of anal intraepithelial lesions from 56% in low grade to 88% in high grade.

Most (89%) squamous carcinomas were associated with high-risk viruses, 68% with type 16, a prevalence similar to that noted in high-grade dysplasia.

Non-16/18 subtypes were encountered more frequently in squamous carcinomas from immunodeficient individuals (57% cases) as compared with immunocompetent individuals (18% cases).

The similarity in the prevalence of type 16 in high-grade dysplasia and squamous carcinomas suggests that anal intraepithelial lesion III is the true precursor of squamous carcinoma and warrants aggressive management.

Anal intraepithelial lesions II showed a virus distribution that was similar to low-grade dysplasia.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. Papillomavirus Infections / virology

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(PMID = 19838162.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0285

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Detection of multiple human papillomavirus genotypes in anal carcinoma.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for development of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Despite over 100 genotypes of the virus, HPV 16 and 18 are considered pathogenic as they are seen in the majority of cervical and anal cancers.

We aimed to determine the accuracy of our microarray in anal cancer DNA for HPV genotypes compared to the DNA sequencing gold standard.

METHODS: We utilized a sensitive microarray platform to classify 37 types of mucosal HPVs including 14 known high-risk and 23 low-risk types based on cervical cancer data.

We utilized DNA from pathologically confirmed cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

RESULTS: HPV was detected in 18/20 (90%) anal cancers.

Eighty percent of anal cancers had at least two HPV types.

CONCLUSIONS: Microarray technology is an accurate way to screen for various genotypes of HPV in anal cancer, with 100% correlation with genomic DNA detection of HPV.

The majority of anal cancers in our study associated with pathogenic HPV 16 and/or 18.

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(PMID = 20939896.001).

[ISSN] 1750-9378

[Journal-full-title] Infectious agents and cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Infect. Agents Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK067287; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R21 CA137346; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK080506

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2964599

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Molecular characterization and response to cetuximab in a patient with refractory squamous cell anal carcinoma.

There are no standard chemotherapeutic options for patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma, relapsing and progressing on palliative cisplatin-based regimens.

[MeSH-major] Antibodies, Monoclonal / pharmacology. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors

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(PMID = 20968146.001).

[ISSN] 0300-8916

[Journal-full-title] Tumori

[ISO-abbreviation] Tumori

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; 7673326042 / irinotecan; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; PQX0D8J21J / Cetuximab; XT3Z54Z28A / Camptothecin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Activity of paclitaxel in metastatic squamous anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Neoplasm Metastasis / drug therapy. Paclitaxel / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 18335224.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Letter; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; P88XT4IS4D / Paclitaxel

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 20064293.001).

[ISSN] 1540-1405

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN

[ISO-abbreviation] J Natl Compr Canc Netw

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Practice Guideline

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] YKL-40 expression in anal carcinoma predicts shorter overall and disease-free survival.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism. Glycoproteins / metabolism. Lectins / metabolism

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(PMID = 19694834.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2559

[Journal-full-title] Histopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Histopathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Letter

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adipokines; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / CHI3L1 protein, human; 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Lectins

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment of anal carcinoma in immune-compromised patients.

This study was undertaken to evaluate local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and toxicity in immune-compromised patients with anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

METHODS: We identified 25 patients with anal carcinoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or history of solid-organ transplant on chronic medical immune-suppression.

One patient had metastatic disease at diagnosis.

All patients had acute grade 2-3 skin toxicity.

Late grade 3-4 skin, GI and GU toxicity occurred in 8%, 4% and 0%.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma / therapy. Immunocompromised Host

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(PMID = 19776001.001).

[ISSN] 1699-3055

[Journal-full-title] Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Transl Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HIV-infected patients with anal carcinoma who subsequently developed oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of 2 cases.

We describe 2 patients who had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and who first developed human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal squamous cell carcinoma and later, oral squamous cell carcinoma.

At the time each patient developed oral cancer, they were responding well to antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral loads.

Careful screening for oral cancers may be indicated in HIV-infected patients with HPV-associated anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. HIV Infections / complications. Mouth Neoplasms / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Second Primary. Papillomavirus Infections / complications

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(PMID = 19056865.001).

[ISSN] 1545-1097

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)

[ISO-abbreviation] J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma in mid-Norway 1970-2000.

The treatment of anal carcinoma changed from surgery to chemoradiotherapy 20-25 years ago.

The aim of this observational study was to compare surgery with chemoradiotherapy with regard to side effects, local recurrence and survival during and after the implementation of a new treatment policy for anal carcinoma.

The study includes all 111 patients with anal carcinoma diagnosed between 1970 and 2000 in mid-Norway.

Late side effects were moderate after combined therapy; only one patient preferred getting a stoma due to radiation damage of the anal sphincter.

The change of strategy for anal cancer treatment from surgery to combined therapy has probably reduced local recurrence and improved survival.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma / therapy. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality

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(PMID = 17882558.001).

[ISSN] 0284-186X

[Journal-full-title] Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Norway

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A single-center study of the utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) levels in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal and margin (ECACM) treated with chemoradiation (CRT).

Radiotherapy comprised the schedule of the UK Anal cancer Trial (ACT II).

Clinical stage at diagnosis- Tx (6) T1 (28), T2 (80), T3 (65), T4 (16), N0 (126), N+ (66) Nx (3).

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(PMID = 27961219.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Primary adenocarcinoma of the anus: a 22-year SEER population database analysis.

: e15072 Background: Most anal canal cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA).

Adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) is rare and accounts for approximately 10% of anal cancers.

METHODS: The search of the SEER database revealed 1,008 pts who had pathologically confirmed anal cancers with either SCCA or AdenoCa.

All pts had single diagnosis of anal cancer with localized disease without nodal involvement.

On the other hand, among the AdenoCa subset, pts who had APR had better 10-yr OS than RT pts (53.8% vs. 0%, p=0.03) Conclusions: For localized anal SCCA, RT yielded equivalent overall survival as compared to APR.

On the other hand, pts with localized anal adenoCa appeared to do worse when APR was omitted.

Omission of APR in pts with anal canal adenoCa should be cautiously weighed.

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(PMID = 27964572.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A review of the outcomes of patients with anal cancer enrolled in the Hurley Cancer Registry: 1987-2004.

: e15131 Background: This paper describes the outcomes of patients with anal cancer enrolled in the Hurley Cancer Registry.

The Hurley cancer registry was searched using diagnosis codes for anal cancer.

The records retrieved, were reviewed for demographic and pathologic details,cancer recurrence, and vital status at last follow up.

RESULTS: Over a period of 18 years (1987 - 2004), there were 36 patients enrolled in the registry, with a diagnosis of anal cancer.

Mean age at diagnosis was 59.3 (SD 17.6) years for males, and 64.6 (SD 13.8) years for females.

Squamous cell cancers were the most common: 27 / 36 (75%).

Three of the five (60%) recurrent cancers were associated with HIV infection.

Cumulative survival functions for the cohort were derived for the time points of 3-yrs and 5-yrs after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients in the Hurley Cancer Registry, 1.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest (75%) anal cancer.

2. The risk of recurrence of anal cancer was 14% over 6-years, and 80% of recurrence was localised to the anal canal.

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(PMID = 27960904.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II).

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(PMID = 27963297.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Small-cell anal carcinoma and AIDS: case report and review of the literature.

[MeSH-major] Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / complications. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma, Small Cell / virology

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(PMID = 17279348.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Number-of-references] 0

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Combined treatment of basaloid anal carcinoma using cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and resection of hepatic metastasis.

The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with subsequent repeated local biopsy has become the standard treatment of epidermoid carcinoma.

The optimal treatment of metastatic anal carcinomas is controversial.

We present the case of 54-year-old woman with a diagnosis of metastatic basaloid anal carcinoma.

The patient underwent resection of liver metastasis in combination with cisplatin + 5FU and local radiotherapy, without evident disease 3 years after diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / secondary. Hepatectomy / methods. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Liver Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 16328122.001).

[ISSN] 1123-6337

[Journal-full-title] Techniques in coloproctology

[ISO-abbreviation] Tech Coloproctol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma therapy: can we improve on 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin/radiotherapy?

Use of definitive chemoradiation as primary therapy for locoregional squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal has been the standard approach in the United States since the 1980s.

Further improvement is likely depending on an increased understanding of the molecular biology of anal carcinoma and the addition of relevant biologic agents to chemoradiation to overcome chemoradiation resistance.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 20064295.001).

[ISSN] 1540-1405

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN

[ISO-abbreviation] J Natl Compr Canc Netw

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Number-of-references] 38

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Manifestation of an intra-abdominal angiosarcoma of the peritoneum 5 years after radiotherapy of an anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Abdomen / pathology. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Hemangiosarcoma / etiology. Peritoneum / pathology

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(PMID = 18696084.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1262

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Cause-specific colostomy rates after chemoradiotherapy for anal carcinoma: cancer-related versus treatment-related colostomy.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Colostomy

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[CommentOn] J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 1;27(7):1116-21 [19139424.001]

[ErratumIn] J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 1;27(28):4819

(PMID = 19414660.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comment; Letter

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Pelvic phased-array MR imaging of anal carcinoma before and after chemoradiation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the MR findings of anal carcinoma using an external pelvic phased-array coil before and after chemoradiation treatment.

15 patients with carcinoma of the anal canal underwent T(2) weighted and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging before and after chemoradiation.

Pelvic phased-array MR imaging is useful for local staging of anal carcinoma and assessing treatment response.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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(PMID = 18238920.001).

[ISSN] 1748-880X

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Surgical staging and treatment of anal carcinoma has been replaced by noninvasive staging studies and combined modality therapy.

In this study, we compare computed tomography (CT) and physical examination to [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in the staging of carcinoma of the anal canal, with special emphasis on determination of spread to inguinal lymph nodes.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between July 2003 and July 2005, 41 consecutive patients with biopsy-proved anal carcinoma underwent a complete staging evaluation including physical examination, CT, and 2-FDG-PET/CT.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiography. Anus Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Positron-Emission Tomography. Radiopharmaceuticals. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 16626889.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Diagnosis and therapy for anal carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Diagnostik und Therapie des Analkarzinoms.

Of all carcinomas in the anal canal, 75-80% are squamous cell carcinomas-the remaining 25% being adenocarcinomas.

Carcinomas of the anal margin are to be differentiated from basal cell carcinomas and Paget's and Bowen's diseases.

More than 80% of anal carcinomas show high-risk HP viruses.

Every suspicious lesion in the anal canal and margins must be examined histologically.

Primary radiochemotherapy is the first treatment option for epidermoid carcinomas of the anal canal and anal margin.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal / pathology. Anal Canal / surgery. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Brachytherapy. Combined Modality Therapy. Humans. Lymph Node Excision. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neoplasm Staging. Prognosis. Salvage Therapy

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(PMID = 18227955.001).

[ISSN] 0009-4722

[Journal-full-title] Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift für alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen

[ISO-abbreviation] Chirurg

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Human papillomavirus vaccines and anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore the possible role of current prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prevention of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA).

A meta-analysis of 955 SCCA showed that HPV prevalence was 85%, i.e., similar to that in cervical carcinoma, with an even stronger predominance of HPV16.

In addition, more than 90% prevalence of HPV was found in anal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Answers to some still open questions, notably vaccine efficacy in men and HIV-infected individuals and willingness to expand vaccination programmes to both sexes, are essential to predict the ultimate impact of HPV vaccines on the prevention of cancerous and precancerous anal lesions.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / prevention & control. Carcinoma in Situ / prevention & control. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / prevention & control. HIV Infections / complications. Papillomavirus Infections / prevention & control. Papillomavirus Vaccines / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 19339940.001).

[ISSN] 1746-6318

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Opin HIV AIDS

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Retroviral Agents; 0 / Papillomavirus Vaccines

[Number-of-references] 56

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A retrospective review of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

: e15586 Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients (pts) are at increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) and the incidence of SCCAC has increased in the era of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy).

The aim of this study is to describe the outcome, tolerability, and overall survival (OS) in pts with and without HIV infection treated at Karmanos Cancer Institute, at Wayne State University from 1991 to 2007.

We collected data regarding HIV status, demographics (age, gender, race), stage at diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, toxicity, and survival.

The major toxicities observed in HIV (+) and (-) pts were diarrhea (36% vs. 64%), neutropenia (27% vs. 21%), and skin toxicity secondary to radiotherapy (XRT: 82% vs. 100%; p = 0.034).

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(PMID = 27962344.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Epidermoid anal carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Carcinome epidermoïde anal.

Epidermoid carcinoma of the anus is a rare cancer, and conventionally affects elderly women.

Main predisposing factors are sexually transmitted diseases and particularly human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, variety of sexual partners, smoking, homosexuality, history of uterine cervix cancer, and immunodepression.

Warning signs of anal cancer are often non-specific.

The evaluation assessment should include lung X-ray, abdominal CT scan, and often pelvis MNR or anal endosonography.

First-line treament of anal epidermoid carcinoma is radiotherapy, combined with chemotherapy for extensive forms.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

[MeSH-minor] Age Factors. Aged. Anal Canal / pathology. Biopsy. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Homosexuality, Male. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Prognosis. Radiotherapy Dosage. Risk Factors. Sex Factors

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(PMID = 19143150.001).

[ISSN] 0035-2640

[Journal-full-title] La Revue du praticien

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev Prat

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment intensification by induction chemotherapy (ICT) and radiation dose escalation in locally advanced squamous cell anal canal carcinoma (LAAC): Definitive analysis of the intergroup ACCORD 03 trial.

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(PMID = 27961547.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

: e15108 Background: Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy has shown to improve local control and sphincter preservation with decreased acute toxicity compared with postoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

Secondary endpoint was sphincter preservation and toxicity Methods: Inclusion criteria: rectal adenocarcinoma <12 cms from anal verge, clinical stage T3-4, adequate renal, hematological and liver function.

Tumor location (from anal verge): < 6 cm in 10pts, >6 cm in 5pts.

Main adverse effects (NCI-CTC): diarrhea G3-4: 14.2%, sensitive peripheral neurotoxicity G1: 26.6%, nausea/vomiting G3-4: 11%, Anemia G3-4: 7.1%, neutropenia G3-4: 14.2% Conclusions: Preliminary results show that preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5FU-folinic acid is an effective regimen with an acceptable safety profile for locally advanced rectal cancer, leading to a high probability of tumor downstaging.

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(PMID = 27964340.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Vulvo-perineal reconstruction with a reverse sensitive rectus abdominis salvage flap in a multirecurrent anal carcinoma.

We report a case of a patient affected by multirecurrent anal carcinoma, treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery several times, until an extended abdominoperineal resection of Miles was performed.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery. Reconstructive Surgical Procedures / methods. Rectal Neoplasms / surgery. Surgical Flaps. Vulvar Neoplasms / surgery

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[Copyright] 2009 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19631598.001).

[ISSN] 1878-0539

[Journal-full-title] Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS

[ISO-abbreviation] J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] K-ras status in squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCC): it's time for target-oriented treatment?

PURPOSE: Squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon disease comprising only 1-5% of all intestinal tumours.

The EGFR status and k-ras mutations in SCC of the anal canal has not been well investigated.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / genetics. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / genetics. ras Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 19727729.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0843

[Journal-full-title] Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / KRAS protein, human; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; EC 3.6.5.2 / ras Proteins

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma in a tropical low socio-economic population in the new millennium: What has changed?

The paper is a retrospective look at the clinicopathological presentation of carcinoma of the anal canal in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.

Sixty-five patients were diagnosed with anal carcinoma over a five-year period (2002-2006) from a total of 394 patients who had malignancies of the colon, rectum and anus.

The male: female ratio was 1.2: 1 showing a slight male predominance; the average age was 48 years; tenesmus, bleeding per rectum and anal pain were the most common presenting features.

The most predominant histopathological subtype was adenocarcinoma - a departure from the hitherto squamous cell cancer dominance.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma. Anus Neoplasms. Carcinoma

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anal Canal / pathology. Anal Canal / surgery. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Nigeria / epidemiology. Socioeconomic Factors. Tropical Climate. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19211411.001).

[ISSN] 0049-4755

[Journal-full-title] Tropical doctor

[ISO-abbreviation] Trop Doct

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Multimodality salvage therapy for anal cancer failing standard chemoradiation.

: e15635 Background: Most squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (SCC) respond to chemoradiation, but effective therapy for locally-invasive(T4) or recurrent disease that fails standard chemoradiation and/or salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) has not been clearly delineated.

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(PMID = 27962742.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] FDG-PET/CT imaging for staging and target volume delineation in conformal radiotherapy of anal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: FDG-PET/CT imaging has an emerging role in staging and treatment planning of various tumor locations and a number of literature studies show that also the carcinoma of the anal canal may benefit from this diagnostic approach.

We analyzed the potential impact of FDG-PET/CT in stage definition and target volume delineation of patients affected by carcinoma of the anal canal and candidates for curative radiotherapy.

METHODS: Twenty seven patients with biopsy proven anal carcinoma were enrolled.

Pathology was squamous cell carcinoma in 20 cases, cloacogenic carcinoma in 3, adenocarcinoma in 2, and basal cell carcinoma in 2.

CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET/CT has a potential relevant impact in staging and target volume delineation of the carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma / pathology. Neoplasm Staging / methods. Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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[Cites] Radiother Oncol. 2001 Oct;61(1):15-22 [11578724.001]

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[Cites] Br J Cancer. 2009 Mar 10;100(5):693-700 [19259091.001]

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(PMID = 20137093.001).

[ISSN] 1748-717X

[Journal-full-title] Radiation oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiat Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2851594

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

: e15134 Background: Preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy has shown to improve local control and sphincter preservation with decreased acute toxicity compared with postoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

METHODS: Inclusion criteria: rectal adenocarcinoma <12 cms from anal verge, clinical stage T3-4, adequate renal, hematological and liver function.

Tumor location (from anal verge): < 6 cm in 8pts, >6 cm in 7pts.

CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results show that preoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy with Capecitabine is an effective regimen with an acceptable safety profile for locally advanced rectal cancer, leading to a high probability of tumor downstaging.

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(PMID = 27960909.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: Vorinostat was escalated in a standard 3 x 3 design in combination with a fixed dose of 5-FU and LV (simplified de Gramont regimen, sFULV2).

21 pts had colorectal cancer (CRC), 1 had gastric, 1 had esophageal, and 1 had anal cancer.

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(PMID = 27961640.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal carcinoma: an increasing problem in HIV patients].

[Transliterated title] Anale intraepitheliale Neoplasie und Analkarzinom : Ein zunehmendes Problem bei Menschen mit HIV-Infektion.

Anal dysplasia is common in HIV patients, especially in HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM).

High-grade anal dysplasia can progress to invasive anal cancer.

As in cervical carcinoma, there is a cause and effect relationship between anal cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with high-risk types such as HPV16.

Several experts have recommended screening programs for anal cancer, including anal cytology along the lines of the Pap smear in women.

Clinical inspection, lesion biopsy, and treatment of anal dysplasia are performed under high-resolution anoscopy.

Anal cancer is divided into cancer of the anal margin and cancer of the anal canal.

Early cancer of the anal margin is excised akin to squamous cell cancer of the exposed skin, whereas cancer of the anal canal is treated by radiochemotherapy.

However, side effects, especially acute post-irradiation skin toxicity, early local recurrences, and abdominoperineal rectal excision are more common in HIV-positive patients.

Physicians working in the field of HIV/AIDS should regularly screen their patients for the presence of anal dysplasia and anal cancer.

Basic diagnostic workup includes clinical inspection of the perianal area, digital rectal examination, and anal cytology.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis. Anus Neoplasms / prevention & control. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. HIV Infections / complications. Precancerous Conditions / diagnosis. Precancerous Conditions / prevention & control

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(PMID = 19967333.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1173

[Journal-full-title] Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

[ISO-abbreviation] Hautarzt

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma occurring in Crohn's disease patients with chronic anal fistula.

This paper reports six patients with perianal Crohn's disease (CD), who developed anal cancer in chronic anal fistulas.

Tumors have been often diagnosed at an advanced stage and had a worse prognosis than cancers arising in the general population as tumor symptoms may mimic symptoms of CD, resulting in delay in diagnosis.

Patients with perianal CD should undergo a careful surveillance program for ano-rectal carcinoma, including routine biopsy of any suspected lesion.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / etiology. Crohn Disease / complications. Rectal Fistula / complications

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(PMID = 16437885.001).

[ISSN] 2283-5423

[Journal-full-title] I supplementi di Tumori : official journal of Società italiana di cancerologia ... [et al.]

[ISO-abbreviation] Suppl Tumori

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Current treatment for localized anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chemoradiation represents the standard of care for most patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

This article reviews randomized trials and recent studies on chemoradiation for anal cancer.

Recent studies have started to evaluate intensity modulated radiation therapy for anal cancer, in an effort to reduce acute and long-term toxicity from radiotherapy.

SUMMARY: The role of cisplatin in anal cancer is not completely clear, although an ongoing randomized trial (Anal Cancer Trial II) may help clarify the role of cisplatin.

Intensity modulated radiation therapy appears to be a promising approach for reducing treatment-related toxicity in anal cancer patients.

The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) is conducting a phase II trial evaluating the multi-institutional feasibility of intensity modulated radiation therapy for anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Cisplatin / therapeutic use. Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 17545807.001).

[ISSN] 1040-8746

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Opin Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Number-of-references] 21

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Combining cisplatin and mitomycin with radiotherapy in anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) phase II study No. 22953 demonstrated the feasibility of reducing the overall treatment time of chemoradiation, delivering mitomycin C twice rather than once and fluorouracil during the whole treatment.

We tested the feasibility of chemoradiation in anal carcinoma with mitomycin and cisplatin in a phase II study.

METHODS: Twenty-one patients with locally advanced anal carcinoma (15 women, 6 men) were treated.

Grade > or = 2 acute toxicities of 62, 29, 25, and 5 percent were observed for skin, diarrhea, hematologic, and renal toxicities, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Combining radiation with mitomycin and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced anal cancer is feasible.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma / drug therapy. Carcinoma / radiotherapy. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Mitomycin / administration & dosage

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(PMID = 17089083.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Phase II study of capecitabine and oxaliplatin with concurrent radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

: 4116 Background: Definitive therapy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal consists of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C or cisplatin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of XELOX-XRT as definitive treatment for anal cancer.

METHODS: Patients with histologically proven SCC of the anal canal, AJCC Stage II-IIIB (T_2-4 or N+M₀), ECOG PS 0-1, HIV^-, and no prior therapy were eligible for XELOX-based chemoradiotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and radiation therapy (XELOX-XRT) is effective for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

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(PMID = 27961220.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men: results of a prospective study from Germany.

BACKGROUND: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), a human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated potential precursor lesion of anal cancer, is frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM).

There is a paucity of data published on the progression of high-grade AIN to invasive cancer as well as on clinical and virological characteristics comparing anal margin and anal canal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To search for anal carcinoma and AIN in a large series of HIV-positive MSM, to assess treatment response of anal carcinoma, and to analyse lesional HPV spectrum of anal cancers.

METHODS: Detection of anal carcinoma and AIN was performed using cytology, high-resolution anoscopy, and histology in case of abnormal findings.

Additionally, HPV analyses for 36 high- and low-risk α-HPV types were performed in patients with anal carcinoma.

Of these, 116 (26·0%) patients had normal findings, 163 (36·5%) had low-grade AIN, 156 (35·0%) had high-grade AIN, and 11 (2·5%) had anal carcinoma as evidenced by the highest grade of cytology/histology.

Five patients with anal cancer, who had refused treatment of their precancerous lesions, had progressed from high-grade AIN to invasive cancer within a median time of 8·6 months.

All anal cancers carried high-risk α-HPV types.

All five squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the anal canal were HPV16 positive.

In contrast, only one of the four anal margin SCCs were HPV16 positive (HPV31, HPV33 and HPV33 + HPV68 were found in the other three anal margin SCCs).

In contrast to the cancer biopsies, a broad spectrum of surface high- and low-risk HPV types was found in anal swabs of the patients.

Surgical excision resulted in long-term disease control of all anal margin carcinomas, whereas combined chemoradiotherapy in carcinomas of the anal canal was associated with high recurrence rates, high toxicity, and high mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Anal carcinoma and AIN are frequent in HIV-positive men, even in patients participating in anal cancer prevention programmes.

High-grade dysplasia in these patients can progress to invasive cancer within a short period of time.

Anal margin carcinoma and anal canal carcinoma differ substantially in their lesional HPV spectrum, prognosis and treatment response.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. HIV Seropositivity / complications. Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification

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[Copyright] © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 British Association of Dermatologists.

(PMID = 20184584.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2133

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of dermatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Dermatol.

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] ClinicalTrials.gov/ NCT00365729

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Combined multimodal approach to the treatment of metastatic anal carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: We report on a patient with squamous cell anal carcinoma and liver metastases, who underwent multimodal treatment for cure, consisting of repeated partial hepatectomy in combination with chemoradiotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 54-year-old woman presented with squamous cell anal carcinoma and liver metastases.

At present, 5 months after completing therapy and 71 months after the initial diagnosis, she is in good health with no evidence of disease.

RESULTS: Repeated partial hepatectomy led to prolonged survival in a patient with squamous cell anal carcinoma metastatic to the liver.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of aggressive partial hepatectomy for recurrent liver metastases resulting from anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / secondary. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Liver Neoplasms / therapy

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[CommentIn] Onkologie. 2006 Feb;29(1-2):5-6 [16514247.001]

(PMID = 16514253.001).

[ISSN] 0378-584X

[Journal-full-title] Onkologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Onkologie

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

[Number-of-references] 19

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of salvage treatment for local recurrence of squamous cell anal carcinoma after chemoradiation].

A 76-year-old woman consulted her local physician because she experienced anal pain during defecation.

She was diagnosed with squamous cell anal carcinoma and underwent chemoradiation (59.4 Gy + UFT 500 mg/5 days/week).

She was followed up and 8 months later, she experienced anal erosion and pain.

Functional preservation employing concomitant chemoradiation has become the standard treatment for most case of squamous cell anal carcinoma, with APR backup being a salvage procedure.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Salvage Therapy

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(PMID = 21224671.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 1548R74NSZ / Tegafur; 56HH86ZVCT / Uracil; 1-UFT protocol

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Length of human immunodeficiency virus disease and not immune status is a risk factor for development of anal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The anal epithelium is subject to dysplastic change in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

We sought to determine if the duration of HIV disease or the patient's immune status were associated with the development of anal carcinoma.

METHODS: HIV-positive patients diagnosed with anal neoplasms were reviewed.

RESULTS: Fourteen patients were identified, 7 with anal intraepithelial neoplasms (group 1) and 7 with anal carcinoma (group 2).

There was no significant difference in the level of immunosuppression as assessed by the CD4 counts (266.9 +/- 48.5 vs. 274.7 +/- 92.0 cell/c microl; P = .94) and viral loads (19,243 +/- 18,034 vs. 67,140 +/- 39,570 RNA/mL; P = .29) between groups 1 and 2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The most significant factor for the development of invasive anal carcinoma in patients with HIV is duration of disease.

As a result of improved long-term survival secondary to new HIV therapy, anal invasive carcinoma will become an increasing problem.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / etiology. Carcinoma / etiology. HIV. HIV Infections / complications. Immune Tolerance / physiology

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(PMID = 16226949.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9610

[Journal-full-title] American journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HIV Antibodies; 0 / RNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Involved-field, low-dose chemoradiotherapy for early-stage anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To report the results of patients with early-stage anal cancer treated using a low-dose, reduced-volume, involved-field chemoradiotherapy protocol.

CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that for patients with anal carcinoma who have residual microscopic or very-small-volume disease, a policy of low-dose, reduced-volume, involved-field chemoradiotherapy produces excellent local control and disease-free survival, with low rates of acute and late toxicity.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17919842.001).

[ISSN] 0360-3016

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We report our successful use of a saline bag tamponade in a patient with a life-threatening presacral hemorrhage after an abdominoperineal resection of an anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / surgery. Hemorrhage / therapy. Hemostasis, Surgical / instrumentation. Sacrum

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(PMID = 18293040.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 451W47IQ8X / Sodium Chloride

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinical outcome after treatment with a brachytherapy boost versus external beam boost for anal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome after definitive whole pelvis external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy (BT) boost after treatment break vs. external beam boost without break in the treatment of anal carcinoma.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with invasive anal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.

Pattern of care, local disease control (LC), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed.

Acute skin toxicity was less common in the BT boost group (whole cohort: p=0.14; Stages I-IIIa: p=0.05), but long-term morbidity and QOL were similar.

Acute skin toxicity is reduced with BT boost but long-term morbidity and QOL are identical.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Brachytherapy / instrumentation. Carcinoma / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17681244.001).

[ISSN] 1538-4721

[Journal-full-title] Brachytherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Brachytherapy

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Tobacco smoking and risk of recurrence for squamous cell cancer of the anus.

OBJECTIVE: Squamous cell cancer of the anus is associated with multiple risk factors, including infection with human papillomavirus, immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, and tobacco smoking, although there is little data on these factors for the prediction of recurrent disease.

Here, we evaluated the risk of recurrence and mortality of anal carcinoma in association with tobacco smoking.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of cases of anal carcinoma from two local hospitals.

We obtained information on treatment response and cancer recurrence, as well as tobacco usage from medical records.

RESULTS: We identified 64 patients with squamous cell cancer of the anus, and 34 of these (53%) had a tobacco smoking history.

Current smokers had higher carcinoma recurrence rates (11/34, 32%) than non-smokers (6/30, 20%).

Overall mortality was 33% (21/64), and cancer-related mortality was 23% (15/64).

CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking appears to be associated with anal carcinoma disease recurrence, and is related to increased mortality.

This data suggests that patients should be cautioned about tobacco smoking once a diagnosis of anal carcinoma is made in attempt to improve their long-term outcome.

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[Cites] Cancer. 1999 Dec 1;86(11):2337-45 [10590376.001]

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(PMID = 18639388.001).

[ISSN] 1525-1500

[Journal-full-title] Cancer detection and prevention

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Detect. Prev.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK067287; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK080506; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK067287-01A2; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK080506-01; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK067287-01A2

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS209533; NLM/ PMC3427794

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C for invasive anal carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcomes of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for anal carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

A retrospective analysis was performed with respect to the tumor response, local control, cancer-specific and overall survival, and toxicity.

Six patients (29%) died, 5 of cancer progression and 1 of treatment-related toxicity.

The 5-year local control, cancer-specific, and overall survival rate was 59%, 75%, and 67%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our data have confirmed that in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, HIV-related anal cancer can be treated with standard CRT without dose reductions.

[MeSH-major] Anti-HIV Agents / administration & dosage. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. HIV Infections / drug therapy

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(PMID = 19744801.001).

[ISSN] 1879-355X

[Journal-full-title] International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-HIV Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes and prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: analysis of patients from the National Cancer Data Base.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess survival and prognostic factors for anal carcinoma in the population.

METHODS: Patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1985-2000).

Concordance was calculated to assess agreement between American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and actual outcome.

RESULTS: Nineteen thousand one hundred ninety-nine patients with anal carcinoma were identified (Stage I, 25.3 percent; Stage II, 51.8 percent; Stage III, 17.1 percent; Stage IV, 5.7 percent).

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (6th edition) staging system provided good survival discrimination by stage: I, 69.5 percent; II, 59.0 percent; III, 40.6 percent; and IV, 18.7 percent (concordance index, 0.663).

On multivariable analysis, patients with anal carcinoma had a higher risk of death if they were male, >or=65 years old, black, living in lower median incomes areas, and had more advanced T stage tumors, nodal or distant metastases, or poorly differentiated cancers (P < 0.0001).

There was not a significant difference in survival by hospital type or year of diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Although tumor characteristics and staging affect prognosis, patient factors, such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status, are also important prognostic factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / mortality. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality

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(PMID = 19404066.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Molecular biomarkers correlate with disease-free survival in patients with anal canal carcinoma treated with chemoradiation.

Large primary tumor and clinical nodal involvement in patients with anal carcinoma treated with chemoradiation are associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS).

We analyzed clinical and biomarker data in 30 patients with anal carcinoma who had chemoradiation.

Patient selection was based on the availability of untreated cancer for biomarkers, completion of prescribed chemoradiation, and patient outcomes (~50% disease-free) nonrepresentative of published cohorts but conducive to biomarker discovery.

Upon further expansion and validation, these results may provide a biomarker-based understanding of heterogeneous clinical biology of patients with anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Hedgehog Proteins / analysis. Ki-67 Antigen / analysis. NF-kappa B / analysis. Transcription Factors / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Anal Canal / pathology. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Combined Modality Therapy. Disease-Free Survival. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Prognosis. Radiotherapy Dosage

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(PMID = 19399614.001).

[ISSN] 1573-2568

[Journal-full-title] Digestive diseases and sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Dig. Dis. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / GLI1 protein, human; 0 / Hedgehog Proteins; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / SHH protein, human; 0 / Transcription Factors; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Anal carcinoma incidence is increasing, and is highest among men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have sex with men.

Anal carcinoma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) are ascertained on tissue histology, but requires invasive procedures.

Screening for AIN using anal cytology was suggested.

The authors evaluated agreement on cytologic and biopsy specimens from HIV-positive men undergoing anal carcinoma screening.

METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine HIV-positive men with a history of anal-receptive intercourse underwent anal cytology, anoscopy, and biopsy.

Reliability for the Bethesda classification system was at least moderate, except for the cytologic category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (kappa = 0.12).

Fourteen of 29 (48.3%) cytology specimens and 36 of 47 (76.6%) biopsy specimens with consensus interpretation of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were interpreted originally as HSIL by > or = 3 pathologists.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma in Situ / pathology. Observer Variation

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[Copyright] Copyright 2005 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 15726546.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for various diseases in the anogenital region which range from benign condylomata acuminata to anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Alphapapillomavirus. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Genital Neoplasms, Female / virology. Genital Neoplasms, Male / virology. HIV Infections / complications. Papillomavirus Infections / complications. Precancerous Conditions / virology. Skin Neoplasms / virology. Tumor Virus Infections / complications

[MeSH-minor] Condylomata Acuminata / diagnosis. Condylomata Acuminata / virology. Female. Humans. Male. Prognosis. Risk Factors

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(PMID = 18349464.001).

[ISSN] 0300-2977

[Journal-full-title] The Netherlands journal of medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Neth J Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Number-of-references] 56

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound-guided interstitial brachytherapy in patients with anal cancer.

BACKGROUND: New techniques using image guidance other than computed tomography (CT) and traditional two-dimensional (2D) endosonography might improve interstitial brachytherapy in patients with anal cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with anal carcinoma were referred to interstitial brachytherapy under 3D endosonographic guidance after external radiotherapy.

The procedure was initiated by anal endosonography performed with a 10-MHz rotating endoprobe.

Cross-sectional images of the anal sphincters were stored on a 3D system during retraction of the endoprobe through the anal canal.

The needles were inserted through holes in an externally fixated anal template.

CONCLUSION: 3D endosonography guidance of interstitial brachytherapy in anal carcinoma seems to optimize the implant procedure and offer better information for dose planning.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Brachytherapy / instrumentation. Brachytherapy / methods. Imaging, Three-Dimensional / methods. Ultrasonography, Interventional / methods

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(PMID = 18300134.001).

[ISSN] 1600-0455

[Journal-full-title] Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Sweden

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Interobserver and intraobserver variation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional anal endosonography in the evaluation of recurrent anal cancer.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) anal endosonography for the detection of local recurrence anal carcinoma.

METHODS: Thirty-six patients were treated for anal carcinoma, and seven had recurrent disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional endosonography proved to have significantly better interobserver and intraobserver agreement than 2-D endosonography concerning detection of recurrent anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / ultrasonography. Endosonography. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / ultrasonography

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Anal Canal / ultrasonography. Female. Humans. Imaging, Three-Dimensional. Male. Middle Aged. Observer Variation. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 19333050.001).

[ISSN] 1530-0358

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Accurate staging of rectal and anal carcinoma is crucial for planning surgery and indicating adjuvant therapy.

Although, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are very sensitive in detecting metastatic disease, the local staging of rectal cancer with these techniques has been disappointing.

Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and anal endosonography (AE) remain the most accurate methods for staging rectal and anal cancer.

Anal endosonography is also of value in evaluating perianal sepsis: it can assist the surgeon in planning the surgical strategy by delineating the anatomy of fistula tracts, and can aid in puncturing abscesses in the operating room.

In this new millennium, new developments in ERUS and anal endosonography, such as tri-dimensional ERUS and anal endosonography and radial electronic probing, widen the role of ERUS in the staging of rectal and anal carcinoma, as well as for perianal inflammatory conditions.

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(PMID = 16473804.001).

[ISSN] 1521-6918

[Journal-full-title] Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 85

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinoma of the elderly treated with radiotherapy alone or with concomitant radio-chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: To analyse the results achieved with radio-chemotherapy (RTCT) or radiotherapy alone (RT) in elderly patients (pts) affected with squamous cell anal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy

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(PMID = 17085056.001).

[ISSN] 1040-8428

[Journal-full-title] Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HPV in anal squamous cell carcinoma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Impact of HPV analysis of anal lesions on diagnosis and prognosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Majority of cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma are human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced and result from anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).

This study was conducted to examine methods which may enable the routine diagnosis of HPV-induced changes in the anal rim and the consequences of such detection especially in view of a more sensitive diagnosis of AIN.

METHODS: The study included biopsy samples from 87 patients who had been diagnosed with the following disease patterns: 47 invasive anal carcinoma, 33 AIN of varying severity and seven condylomatous lesions.

RESULTS: In 38 of 47 cases of anal carcinoma, HPV DNA could be detected via PCR (80.9%), the majority of which were HPV 16 (33/38=86.8%).

DISCUSSION: In our series, the clinical diagnosis of the invasive anal carcinoma had a high sensitivity of 93.6%, with a specificity of 80%.

In this situation, especially with high-risk patients, our findings recommend anal HPV screening in combination with anal cytology and anoscopy.

CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we urgently recommend for any histological report on excision of anal lesions to include a statement whether histological markers of HPV infection were detected.

[MeSH-major] Alphapapillomavirus / genetics. Anus Neoplasms / virology. Carcinoma in Situ / virology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology. DNA, Viral / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biopsy. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies

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[CommentIn] Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct;22(10):1289 [16703315.001]

(PMID = 15864603.001).

[ISSN] 0179-1958

[Journal-full-title] International journal of colorectal disease

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Treatment options in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a rare malignancy that is often cured with the combined modality therapy of chemoradiation.

Here, we present a summary of the existing literature in the treatment of metastatic anal carcinoma in the hopes of providing insight and potential treatment alternatives for the practicing physician.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

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(PMID = 19479383.001).

[ISSN] 1534-6277

[Journal-full-title] Current treatment options in oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Treat Options Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; BG3F62OND5 / Carboplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anal carcinomas in HIV-positive patients: high-dose chemoradiotherapy is feasible in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Anal carcinoma, a common disease in HIV-positive patients, is usually treated with chemoradiotherapy.

We report our experience of treating anal carcinoma in the era of new antiviral drugs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2001, nine men on highly active antiretroviral therapies with good immune status before chemoradiotherapy received concomitant chemoradiotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatinum, and high-dose radiotherapy (60-70 Gy) for anal carcinoma.

Six cancers were Stage I, two were Stage II, and one was Stage III.

CD4+ cell counts were <200/ml for four patients, between 200/ml and 500/ml for four, and >500/ml for one.

Grade 3 hematologic or skin toxicity occurred in four patients.

No association was observed between high-grade toxicity and CD4+ cell count.

Among them, four had no or minor anal function impairment at the last follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION: High-dose chemoradiotherapy for anal carcinomas is feasible with low toxicity in HIV-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapies.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage. Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. HIV Infections / complications

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(PMID = 15906137.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Retroviral Agents; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of non-AIDS-defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals.

Cancer incidence rates were race specific and were adjusted for age; these were compared with national rates using logistic regression to assess predictors of NADC development.

The most frequent NADCs were skin carcinomas (basal cell and squamous cell), Hodgkin disease, and anal carcinoma.

The results showed that there were higher rates of melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease among the HIV-infected cohort compared with age-adjusted rates for the general United States population.

A low CD4 nadir or CD4 count at diagnosis (< 200 cells/mL) was not predictive of NADCs.

CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent NADCs were primary skin malignancies.

Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease occurred at higher rates among HIV-infected individuals.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Distribution. Aged. Analysis of Variance. Cohort Studies. Comorbidity. Female. HIV Infections / diagnosis. HIV Infections / epidemiology. Humans. Incidence. Male. Middle Aged. Multivariate Analysis. Probability. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Risk Factors. Severity of Illness Index. Sex Distribution. Survival Analysis. United States / epidemiology

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(PMID = 16104038.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [High incidence of non-AIDS-defined cancers among HIV-infected patients in Germany. A 3-year nationwide review].

The data were collected on all AIDS- and not-AIDS-defined haematological malignancies and all AIDS- and not-AIDS-defined solid malignant tumors in HIV-positive patients, as well as on time of diagnosis of the malignancy, tumor stage, tumor treatment and response to treatment.

180 malignant neoplasms (47%) were AIDS-defined: 89 Kaposi's sarcomas, 82 aggressive B-cell lymphomas and 9 invasive cervical carcinomas.

The aggressive B-cell lymphomas consisted of 19 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma, 8 of Castleman's disease and 12 of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma.

Of the 200 (52.6%) not-AIDS-defined malignant tumors 133 were 133 solid tumors, 40 of them anal carcinoma (20% of all not-AIDS-defined malignancies) and 67 haematological malignancies, 22 of these Hodgkin's lymphoma (11.0% of all not-AIDS-defined malignancies).

The incidence of anal carcinoma is estimated to be 34 (95% CI 24-470) per 100 000 patient-years, that of Hodgkin's lymphoma 19 (95% CI 12-28) per 100 000 patient-years.

Of special note is the high incidence of anal carcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma, compared with their incidence among the entire German population.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / epidemiology. HIV Infections / complications. Hodgkin Disease / epidemiology. Neoplasms / epidemiology. Neoplasms / virology

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma / epidemiology. Female. Germany / epidemiology. Humans. Incidence. Male. Retrospective Studies. Sex Factors. Surveys and Questionnaires

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(PMID = 16915544.001).

[ISSN] 0012-0472

[Journal-full-title] Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

[ISO-abbreviation] Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chemo-radiation with or without mandatory split in anal carcinoma: experiences of two institutions and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The split-course schedule of chemo-radiation for anal cancer is controversial.

METHODS: Eighty-four patients with invasive anal cancer treated with definitive external beam radiotherapy (RT) with a mandatory split of 12 days (52 patients, Montreal, Canada) or without an intended split (32 patients, Zurich, Switzerland) were reviewed.

Patients from Zurich with prolonged treatment interruption (> or = 7 d) had impaired cancer-specific survival compared with patients with only minor interruption (<7 d) (P = 0.06).

Skin toxicity correlated with institution and was found in 79% (Montreal) and 28% (Zurich) (P < 0.0001).

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Anus Neoplasms / drug therapy. Anus Neoplasms / radiotherapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, Conformal

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(PMID = 20465811.001).

[ISSN] 1748-717X

[Journal-full-title] Radiation oncology (London, England)

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiat Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 50SG953SK6 / Mitomycin; Q20Q21Q62J / Cisplatin; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2879246

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Justification for staging of epidermoid anal carcinoma after salvage surgery: a pathological guideline.

The currently accepted first line treatment for epidermoid anal cancer is chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Neoplasm Staging / standards

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(PMID = 17298622.001).

[ISSN] 1462-8910

[Journal-full-title] Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

[ISO-abbreviation] Colorectal Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Spectrum of human papillomavirus-related dysplasia and carcinoma of the anus in HIV-infected patients.

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing.

It is likely that long-standing HIV-related immunosuppression plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of anal carcinoma; however, a direct HIV-HPV interaction has also been implicated.

Using cervical cancer prevention as a paradigm, anal Pap smear screening as part of routine HIV preventive care has been proposed to detect and treat precancerous anal lesions in the hope of decreasing anal cancer rates.

All HIV-positive patients with invasive cancer of the anal canal, particularly those with CD4+ cell counts greater than 200/microL and those receiving HAART, should be managed in the same manner as their HIV-negative counterparts.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. HIV Infections / epidemiology. Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification. Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology. Precancerous Conditions / pathology

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[CommentIn] AIDS Read. 2005 Feb;15(2):87 [15712399.001]

(PMID = 15712398.001).

[ISSN] 1053-0894

[Journal-full-title] The AIDS reader

[ISO-abbreviation] AIDS Read

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 54

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In long-term survivors of colorectal or anal carcinoma, constipation is one of the factors that has the most negative impact on quality of life.

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(PMID = 16603983.001).

[ISSN] 0966-0461

[Journal-full-title] British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Nurs

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Analgesics, Opioid; 0 / Antacids; 0 / Anticonvulsants; 0 / Antidepressive Agents; 0 / Antihypertensive Agents; 0 / Cholinergic Antagonists; 0 / Iron Compounds

[Number-of-references] 49

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Lack of correlation between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and anal cancer risk.

AIM: To investigate the potential role of p53 codon 72 polymorphism as a risk factor for development of anal cancer.

METHODS: Thirty-two patients with invasive anal carcinoma and 103 healthy blood donors were included in the study. p53 codon 72 polymorphism was analyzed in blood samples through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing.

RESULTS: The relative frequency of each allele was 0.60 for Arg and 0.40 for Pro in patients with anal cancer, and 0.61 for Arg and 0.39 for Pro in normal controls.

CONCLUSION: These results do not support a role for the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in anal carcinogenesis.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / genetics. Genes, p53

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(PMID = 19777616.001).

[ISSN] 2219-2840

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Codon

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2752002

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Initial pretherapeutic assessment of anal epidermoid carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Bilan préthérapeutique initial du carcinome épidermoïde invasif de l'anus.

Anal epidermoid carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, comprising less than 5% of all carcinomas of the colon, rectum, and anus.

In addition, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography scanning and inguinal sentinel lymph node procedure should play a role in a more selective approach in patients with anal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Anus Neoplasms / therapy. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy

Genetic Alliance. consumer health - Epidermoid Carcinoma.

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(PMID = 17347624.001).

[ISSN] 0399-8320

[Journal-full-title] Gastroentérologie clinique et biologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol.

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] France

[Number-of-references] 96

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] HIV-associated anal cancer.

HIV-associated anal carcinoma, a non-AIDS-defining cancer, is a human papillomavirus-associated malignancy with a spectrum of preinvasive changes.

The standardized incidence ratio for anal cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS is 20-50.

Algorithms for anal cancer screening include anal cytology followed by high-resolution anoscopy for those with abnormal findings.

Outpatient topical treatments for anal intraepithelial neoplasia include infrared coagulation therapy, trichloroacetic acid, and imiquimod.

The development of cost-effective national screening programs for HIV-associated anal cancer remains a challenge.

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(PMID = 21283597.001).

[ISSN] 1757-5931

[Journal-full-title] F1000 medicine reports

[ISO-abbreviation] F1000 Med Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3026623