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[Title] Phase I trial of polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant plus continuous infusion of intravenous O6-benzylguanine in adults with recurrent malignant glioma: new approaches to brain tumor therapy CNS consortium trial.

PURPOSE: This phase I trial was designed to (1) establish the dose of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) administered intravenously as a continuous infusion that suppresses O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) levels in brain tumors, (2) evaluate the safety of extending continuous-infusion O6-BG at the optimal dose with intracranially implanted carmustine wafers, and (3) measure the pharmacokinetics of O6-BG and its metabolite.

Tumor samples were evaluated for AGT levels.

Future trials are required to determine if the inhibition of tumor AGT levels results in increased efficacy.

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(PMID = 17264335.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA14599; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA014599; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA062475; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR000055; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA069852-12; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR000055-400764; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA69852; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR000055-400764; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA069852-12; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA014599-289015; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA62475; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA069852; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA014599-289015

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / carmustine with prolifeprosan 20; 19916-73-5 / O(6)-benzylguanine; 5Z93L87A1R / Guanine; EC 2.1.1.63 / O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; U68WG3173Y / Carmustine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS66419; NLM/ PMC2556256

   

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Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare benign CNS tumor derived from the leptomeningeal melanocytes.

[MeSH-major] Cerebellar Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebellopontine Angle. Melanocytes / pathology. Melanoma / pathology. Meningeal Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasm Seeding. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male

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(PMID = 19361258.001).

[ISSN] 0022-3085

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosurg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Long-term outcomes among adult survivors of childhood central nervous system malignancies in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

BACKGROUND: Adult survivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) malignancies are at high risk for long-term morbidity and late mortality.

However, patterns of late mortality, the long-term risks of subsequent neoplasms and debilitating medical conditions, and sociodemographic outcomes have not been comprehensively characterized for individual diagnostic and treatment groups.

METHODS: We collected information on treatment, mortality, chronic medical conditions, and neurocognitive functioning of adult 5-year survivors of CNS malignancies diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 within the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

Using competing risk framework, we calculated cumulative mortality according to cause of death and cumulative incidence of subsequent neoplasms according to exposure and dose of cranial radiation therapy (RT).

Neurocognitive impairment and socioeconomic outcomes were assessed with respect to dose of CNS radiotherapy to specific brain regions.

Patients who received cranial RT of 50 Gy or more (n = 813) had a cumulative incidence of a subsequent neoplasm within the CNS of 7.1% (95% CI = 4.5% to 9.6%) at 25 years from diagnosis compared with 1.0% (95% CI = 0% to 2.3%) for patients who had no RT.

Neurocognitive impairment was high and proportional to radiation dose for specific tumor types.

CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of childhood CNS malignancies are at high risk for late mortality and for developing subsequent neoplasms and chronic medical conditions.

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(PMID = 19535780.001).

[ISSN] 1460-2105

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Cancer Institute

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Natl. Cancer Inst.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U24-CA55727

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2704230

   

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BACKGROUND: The IF protein nestin and the RNA-binding protein musashi are expressed by neural progenitor cells during CNS development.

Their expression in glial tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the histopathological scores correlated with levels of cysteine cathepsins that are known prognostic markers in several tumors.

METHODS: The levels of nestin, musashi, and cathepsins B and L were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from 87 patients with primary CNS tumors.

To confirm the immunohistochemical data, nestin expression was analyzed by real-time PCR in 12 brain tumor biopsies.

The total IHC score for nestin was significantly higher in high- than in low-grade tumors (P < .0001).

IHC staining of nestin in a xenograft model showed that its expression is localized mainly in the invasive tumor cells at the tumor periphery.

The presented data links the invasive glioma cells to CNS precursor cells, indicating that the most malignant cells in the gliomas may well be closely related to the glioma stem cells.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Glioma / metabolism. Glioma / pathology. Intermediate Filament Proteins / metabolism. Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Animals. Cathepsin B / metabolism. Cathepsin L. Cathepsins / metabolism. Child. Child, Preschool. Cysteine Endopeptidases / metabolism. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Nestin. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Rats. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 17537489.001).

[ISSN] 0090-3019

[Journal-full-title] Surgical neurology

[ISO-abbreviation] Surg Neurol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Intermediate Filament Proteins; 0 / MSI1 protein, human; 0 / NES protein, human; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Nes protein, rat; 0 / Nestin; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / RNA-Binding Proteins; EC 3.4.- / Cathepsins; EC 3.4.22.- / Cysteine Endopeptidases; EC 3.4.22.1 / Cathepsin B; EC 3.4.22.15 / CTSL1 protein, human; EC 3.4.22.15 / Cathepsin L; EC 3.4.22.15 / Ctsl protein, rat

   

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In the past few years, the plasticity of the regional specification of the CNS has been widely debated on the results from in utero transplantation.

These lines were established from a cerebellum of an adult p53-deficient mouse.

Our results showed that transplanted cells migrated into various regions of the CNS and supported the independent distribution.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Animals, Newborn. Biomarkers / metabolism. Blood Vessels / embryology. Cell Line. Cell Lineage / physiology. Cell Shape / physiology. Cell Survival / physiology. Clone Cells / cytology. Clone Cells / metabolism. Clone Cells / transplantation. Female. Male. Mice. Mice, Knockout. Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism. Neurites / ultrastructure. Organ Culture Techniques. Sex Characteristics. Time Factors. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

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(PMID = 17651850.001).

[ISSN] 0168-0102

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience research

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

   

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant CNS neoplasm.

Stratified by age, resectability and tumor size <5 cm were favorable survival factors in young (40<yrs) and old age groups (> or =40 yrs), respectively.

Furthermore, the patients with supratentorial tumor lived longer than the patients with infratentorial tumor (p<0.05).

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Glioblastoma / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Factors. Brain / metabolism. Brain / surgery. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Infratentorial Neoplasms / diagnosis. Infratentorial Neoplasms / metabolism. Infratentorial Neoplasms / mortality. Infratentorial Neoplasms / pathology. Male. PTEN Phosphohydrolase / metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism. Prognosis. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism. Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor / metabolism. Supratentorial Neoplasms / diagnosis. Supratentorial Neoplasms / metabolism. Supratentorial Neoplasms / mortality. Supratentorial Neoplasms / pathology. Survival Analysis. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20441994.001).

[ISSN] 1878-5883

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the neurological sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurol. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / TP53 protein, human; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.10.1 / EGFR protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 3.1.3.48 / PTEN protein, human; EC 3.1.3.67 / PTEN Phosphohydrolase

   

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[Title] Labile anger during interferon alfa treatment is associated with a polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Evidence also indicates a central nervous system role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), whose expression may be increased by interferon alfa.

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(PMID = 20661026.001).

[ISSN] 1537-162X

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Neuropharmacol

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / K23 MH074012; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / MH074012-05; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / K23 MH074012-05

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antiviral Agents; 0 / Interferon-alpha; 0 / Recombinant Proteins; 0 / SLC6A4 protein, human; 0 / Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; 0 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; 76543-88-9 / interferon alfa-2a; 99210-65-8 / interferon alfa-2b

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS203707; NLM/ PMC2911643

   

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[Title] Protein biomarker identification in the CSF of patients with CNS lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Elucidation of the CSF proteome may yield insights into the pathogenesis of CNS disease.

We tested the hypothesis that individual CSF proteins distinguish CNS lymphoma from benign focal brain lesions.

METHODS: We used a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method to differentially quantify and identify several hundred CSF proteins in CNS lymphoma and control patients.

ATIII RNA transcripts were identified within CNS lymphomas, and ATIII protein was localized selectively to tumor neovasculature.

We propose that the discovery of CSF protein biomarkers will facilitate early and noninvasive diagnosis in patients with lesions not amenable to brain biopsy, as well as provide improved surrogates of prognosis and treatment response in CNS lymphoma and brain metastasis.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Neoplasms / cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphoma / cerebrospinal fluid. Neoplasm Proteins / cerebrospinal fluid

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antithrombin III / genetics. Antithrombin III / metabolism. Case-Control Studies. Chromatography, Liquid. Diagnosis, Differential. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Female. Humans. Immunoblotting. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Leukemia, Myeloid / cerebrospinal fluid. Leukemia, Myeloid / pathology. Lymphoma, B-Cell / cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphoma, B-Cell / pathology. Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / pathology. Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / pathology. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Proteomics. Sensitivity and Specificity. Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization. Survival Rate

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[CommentIn] J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 1;27(13):2302-3; author reply 2303-4 [19332721.001]

(PMID = 18056677.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K23 CA100291

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 9000-94-6 / Antithrombin III

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS612770; NLM/ PMC4134101

   

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[Title] Comparison of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of primary central nervous system and non-central nervous system origin.

In primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (PCNS DLBCLs), the pathogenetic role of ATM mutation has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate ATM protein expression in PCNS DLBCLs, in comparison with that in non-central nervous system (non-CNS) DLBCLs and to study the relationship of ATM protein loss with several clinicopathologic parameters.

DESIGN: This study included 42 cases of PCNS DLBCL and 33 cases of non-CNS DLBCL from immunocompetent patients.

RESULTS: The loss of ATM expression was statistically more frequent in PCNS DLBCLs (21/42 cases [50.0%]) than in non-CNS DLBCLs (0/33 cases [0.0%]; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the ATM protein is more strongly correlated with PCNS DLBCL lymphomagenesis than with non-CNS DLBCLs, especially in germinal center B-cell-like subtypes demonstrating low Ki-67 labeling indexes and low Bcl-2 expression.

[MeSH-major] Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / metabolism. DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Lymphoma, B-Cell / metabolism. Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / metabolism. Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins. Child. Child, Preschool. Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / diagnosis. Female. Humans. In Situ Hybridization. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. RNA, Messenger / analysis. RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics. Ribosomal Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 17516749.001).

[ISSN] 1543-2165

[Journal-full-title] Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cell Cycle Proteins; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / RNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Ribosomal Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 135844-68-7 / RPL22 protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / ATM protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

   

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BACKGROUND: Nestin was originally identified as a class VI intermediate filament protein that is expressed in stem cells and progenitor cells in the mammalian CNS during development.

This protein is replaced in the adult organism by other intermediate filament proteins; however, nestin may be re-expressed under certain pathological conditions such as ischemia, inflammation, brain injury, and neoplastic transformation.

Nestin has been detected in many kinds of tumors, especially in tumors derived from the CNS.

Co-expression of nestin and the CD133 surface molecule is considered to be a marker for cancer stem cells in neurogenic tumors.

METHODS: Using immunodetection methods, we examined nestin in tumor tissue samples from 18 patients with osteosarcomas.

We also successfully established permanent cell lines from the tumor tissue of 4 patients and immunodetection of nestin and CD133 was performed on these cell lines.

RESULTS: Nestin-positive tumor cells were immunohistochemically detected in all of the examined osteosarcomas, but the proportion of these cells that were positively stained as well as the intensity of staining varied.

Nestin-positive cells were rarely observed in 2 tumor samples, and the remaining 16 tumor samples showed various nestin expression patterns ranging from very sporadic occurrence to an overwhelming proportion of cells with strong positive staining.

Three of the established osteosarcoma cell lines were demonstrated to be nestin-positive, and only one cell line showed no expression of nestin; this finding corresponds with the rare occurrence of nestin-positive cells in the respective tumor sample.

CONCLUSION: Our results represent the first evidence of nestin expression in osteosarcomas and suggest the possible occurrence of cells with a stem-like phenotype in these tumors.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Cell Line, Tumor. Child. Female. Fluorescent Antibody Technique. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Nestin

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(PMID = 18925963.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / AC133 antigen; 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Glycoproteins; 0 / Intermediate Filament Proteins; 0 / NES protein, human; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Nestin; 0 / Peptides

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2588620

   

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[Title] A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of central nervous system hemangiopericytomas.

Hemangiopericytomas (HPC) of the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon dural-based tumors that mimic meningiomas clinically and radiologically.

Because there are few reports about these tumors from India, we aimed to study the clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical features of CNS HPC.

During 2000 to 2008 all 23 patients diagnosed with HPC of CNS at our Institution were reviewed in the study (11 males and 12 females, mean age of 46 years).

There were 14 patients with grade II and nine with grade III tumors.

Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, S-100, CD34 and Ki-67 was done on routinely processed, paraffin-embedded sections of 20 tumors.

The mean Ki-67 labeling index was 4.25% in grade II tumors and 7.8% in grade III tumors.

[MeSH-major] Central Nervous System Neoplasms / pathology. Hemangiopericytoma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Child. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Meningeal Neoplasms / pathology. Meningioma / pathology. Middle Aged. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Young Adult

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[Copyright] (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20167500.001).

[ISSN] 1532-2653

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Neurosci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Scotland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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[Title] Brain tumors: from childhood through adolescence into adulthood.

Clinical care is currently divided into adult or pediatric care; adolescent patients require specific expertise that most clinical practices do not have.

When illness coincides with the adolescent transition, the health system is severely challenged.

Health systems historically have varied widely in the age they choose for allocating an individual to the adult model of health care.

Tumors of the CNS complicate the difficult adjustments required in adolescents and young adults by virtue of their morbidity, complex treatment, and prognosis.

Some brain tumors are unique to children, some occur predominantly in adults, and others peak in adolescence.

Delays in the diagnosis of brain tumors can occur at any age but are particularly common in adolescence because of difficulties of accessing health systems, the difficulties of discriminating pathologic from typical adolescent behavioral characteristics, and changing endocrine function.

This article will discuss the changing brain tumor profile of children, adolescents, and adults, with a focus on our limited understanding of the adolescent/young adult transition period.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adolescent Medicine. Adult. Brain / growth & development. Child. Continuity of Patient Care. Glioma / diagnosis. Glioma / therapy. Humans. Medulloblastoma / diagnosis. Medulloblastoma / therapy. Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / therapy

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(PMID = 20458039.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Malignant B cells from patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma express stromal cell-derived factor-1.

Although the pathogenesis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains unclear, it is hypothesized that specific chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions may attract malignant B lymphocytes into the CNS.

Tumor cells also stained positively for CXCR4.

[MeSH-major] B-Lymphocytes / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Chemokines, CXC / biosynthesis. Lymphoma, B-Cell / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Chemokine CCL20. Chemokine CXCL12. Chemokines, CC / biosynthesis. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / biosynthesis. Male. Middle Aged. Receptors, CXCR4 / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17369141.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9173

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NEI NIH HHS / EY / EY014909

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CCL20 protein, human; 0 / CXCL12 protein, human; 0 / Chemokine CCL20; 0 / Chemokine CXCL12; 0 / Chemokines, CC; 0 / Chemokines, CXC; 0 / Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; 0 / Receptors, CXCR4

   

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Solitary primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a spectrum of lesions ranging from well-differentiated melanocytoma to melanoma.

Only a minority of melanocytic tumors correspond to lesions of intermediate-grade malignancy, whose biological behavior and outcome remain undetermined.

The MIB-1/Ki-67 labeling index may have potential prognostic value in helping the clinician to predict an aggressive clinical behavior and/or malignant progression for primary melanocytic neoplasms of the CNS.

[MeSH-major] Melanoma / pathology. Meningeal Neoplasms / pathology. Nevus of Ota / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Humans. Male. Nevus, Pigmented / surgery. Radiography. Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 19449182.001).

[ISSN] 1573-7373

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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Malignant gliomas are the most common and devastating primary tumors of the adult central nervous system.

Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is commonly co-administered to control edema in the management of brain tumors during chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

[MeSH-major] 5'-Nucleotidase / metabolism. Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology. Brain Neoplasms / enzymology. Dexamethasone / pharmacology. Glioma / enzymology

[MeSH-minor] Adenosine Monophosphate / metabolism. Animals. Cell Death / drug effects. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Protein Kinase C / metabolism. Purines / metabolism. Rats. Signal Transduction / drug effects. Time Factors

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(PMID = 17453149.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents; 0 / Purines; 415SHH325A / Adenosine Monophosphate; 7S5I7G3JQL / Dexamethasone; EC 2.7.11.13 / Protein Kinase C; EC 3.1.3.5 / 5'-Nucleotidase

   

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Netrin-1 regulates axon extension during embryonic development and is expressed by neurons and myelinating oligodendrocytes in the adult CNS.

To investigate the potential role of netrin-1 after spinal cord injury, we examined the expression of netrin-1 and netrin receptors after sagittal myelotomy in adult rats.

[MeSH-major] Gene Expression Regulation / physiology. Nerve Growth Factors / metabolism. Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism. Spinal Cord Injuries / metabolism. Spinal Cord Injuries / physiopathology. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 16998900.001).

[ISSN] 0360-4012

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuroscience research

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; 0 / Nerve Growth Factors; 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / netrin receptors; 158651-98-0 / netrin-1

   

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Ependymomas are common pediatric and adult CNS malignancies with a wide biologic spectrum that is often hard to predict using classic prognostic variables.

The majority of cases harbored one or more detectable genetic alterations, but we found that 4.1B gene deletions and 4.1R loss of expression were statistically more common in the pediatric vs adult, intracranial vs spinal, and grade III vs grade I/II subsets (P-values of 0.038 to <0.001).

Also, 4.1G deletions were seen in 11/27 (41%) patients who either died of disease or had residual/recurrent tumor vs 5/41 patients with no evidence of disease at last follow-up (P=0.009).

We conclude that alterations of Protein 4.1 family members are common in ependymal tumors and that specific alterations are associated with distinct clinicopathologic subsets.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Blood Proteins / analysis. Blood Proteins / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / genetics. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Child. Child, Preschool. Cohort Studies. Cytoskeletal Proteins / analysis. Cytoskeletal Proteins / genetics. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Infant. Microfilament Proteins. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / analysis. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics. Middle Aged. Neurofibromin 2 / analysis. Neurofibromin 2 / genetics. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / genetics. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / metabolism. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / pathology. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / analysis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

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(PMID = 15731777.001).

[ISSN] 0893-3952

[Journal-full-title] Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc

[ISO-abbreviation] Mod. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Blood Proteins; 0 / Cytoskeletal Proteins; 0 / EPB41L3 protein, human; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Microfilament Proteins; 0 / Microtubule-Associated Proteins; 0 / Neurofibromin 2; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / erythrocyte membrane band 4.1 protein

   

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[Title] Radiological imaging detection of tumors localized in fossa cranii posterior.

Intracranial tumors are characterized by a variety imaging aspects and their detection is always a challenge.

Clinical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography has provided an earlier detection and treatment of many CNS pathologies.

The aim of this study is to estimate the role of CT and MRI in the determination of posterior fossa tumors.

RESULTS: During period 2000-2005 in UCCK-Prishtina, 368 patients were diagnosed with intracranial tumors.

Fifty-nine of them were found to have tumor localized in fossa crani posterior (FCP) without any significant difference between genders (50.8% female vs. 49.2% male, chi2 test=0.02 p=0.896).

The average age of patients with FCP tumors was 33.1 (SD +/- 22.5, rank 1-70).

Tumor types that more often were found in young's individuals were: Astrocytomas with a peak incidence in teenagers (average age was 12-year-old SD +/- 7.5, rank 3-23), next was Medulloblastomas (average age was 11-years-old, SD +/- 2.9, rank 6-16 years) and ependymomas (average age was 6.8-years-old, SD +/- 4.6, rank 1-12).

Patients with osseous tumors are characterized by older age than median (61.0, SD +/- 4.2, rank 58-64), then metastases (53.0, SD +/- 5.3, rank 45-60) and meningiomas (50.8, SD +/- 7.7, rank 38-63).

CONCLUSION: Comparing with other countries, for some types of FCP tumors, lower morbidity is shown in Kosova, with mean incidence 0.41/100,000.

The most frequent tumors in children were medulloblastomas, brainstem gliomas, astrocytomas and ependymomas whereas meningiomas and metastasis were most often found in adults.

For FCP tumors detection, MRI had 100% sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive value, whereas brain CT was characterized by 95% sensitivity, 90.4 % specificity and 91% predictive positive value.

[MeSH-major] Infratentorial Neoplasms / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Infant. Male. Middle Aged. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19469268.001).

[Journal-full-title] Medicinski arhiv

[ISO-abbreviation] Med Arh

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Bosnia and Herzegovina

   

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Evidence suggests that sex hormones may play a role in the tumorigenesis of meningiomas, and studies have demonstrated the expression of hormone receptors in these tumors.

Aromatase expression has been detected in several normal tissues, including neurons in the CNS, and tumor tissues.

Behavior pattern differences observed between aromatase expression, present in normal tissues and absent in meningiomas, and estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, absent in normal tissues and present in meningiomas, suggest that there is heterogeneity in modulation by sex steroids in the development of these tumors.

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Arachnoid Cysts / enzymology. Arachnoid Cysts / metabolism. Brazil. Cross-Sectional Studies. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Odds Ratio. Sex Characteristics. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19703265.001).

[ISSN] 1440-1789

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Androgen; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; 0 / Receptors, Progesterone; EC 1.14.14.1 / Aromatase

   

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[Title] Long-term fate of neural precursor cells following transplantation into developing and adult CNS.

Successful strategies for transplantation of neural precursor cells for replacement of lost or dysfunctional CNS cells require long-term survival of grafted cells and integration with the host system, potentially for the life of the recipient.

Few studies have examined the long-term properties of transplanted neural precursor cells in the CNS, particularly in non-neurogenic regions of the adult.

The aim of the present study was to extensively characterize the fate of defined populations of neural precursor cells following transplantation into the developing and adult CNS (brain and spinal cord) for up to 15 months, including integration of graft-derived neurons with the host.

We found that in both developing and adult CNS grafted cells showed long-term survival, morphological maturation, extensive distribution and differentiation into all mature CNS cell types (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes).

Graft-derived neurons also formed synapses, as identified by electron microscopy, suggesting that transplanted neural precursor cells integrated with adult CNS.

We did not detect tumor formation, cells did not localize to unwanted locations and no pronounced immune response was present at the graft sites.

The long-term stability of neuronal-restricted precursors and glial-restricted precursors and the lack of adverse effects suggest that transplantation of lineage-restricted neural precursor cells can serve as an effective and safe replacement therapy for CNS injury and degeneration.

[MeSH-major] Cell Differentiation / physiology. Central Nervous System / physiology. Neurons / physiology. Stem Cell Transplantation / methods. Stem Cells / physiology

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[RepublishedFrom] Neuroscience. 2006 May 12;139(2):513-30 [16458439.001]

(PMID = 17120358.001).

[ISSN] 0306-4522

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroscience

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS 37515; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS24707

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Corrected and Republished Article; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Gangliosides; 0 / Immunosuppressive Agents; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; 0 / ganglioside A2B5

   

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AIMS: Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and its ligand netrin-1 are known as axonal guidance factors, being involved in angiogenesis, migration and survival of precursor cells in the embryonic mammalian central nervous system (CNS).

So far, little is known about the distribution of those molecules in human CNS development.

Together with the data from animal experiments, our findings might indicate also an important role for DCC and netrin-1 in human foetal CNS development.

[MeSH-major] Brain / embryology. Brain Chemistry / physiology. Nerve Growth Factors / biosynthesis. Receptors, Cell Surface / biosynthesis. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Brain Stem / metabolism. Cerebellum / metabolism. Cerebral Cortex / metabolism. Choroid Plexus / metabolism. Ependyma / cytology. Ependyma / metabolism. Female. Fetal Development. Fetus / metabolism. Fluorescent Antibody Technique. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Pregnancy

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[Copyright] © 2010 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology © 2010 British Neuropathological Society.

(PMID = 20609112.001).

[ISSN] 1365-2990

[Journal-full-title] Neuropathology and applied neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DCC protein, human; 0 / Nerve Growth Factors; 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 158651-98-0 / netrin-1

   

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[Title] A rare case of pulmonary cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

In a recent outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, Cryptococcus gattii, a rare species of Cryptococcus, was noted to affect primarily immunocompetent hosts and cause limited pulmonary or CNS disease.

We herein report a rare case of a pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor caused by a Cryptococcus infection, presumed to be of the gattii species, in a 20-year-old immunocompetent college student from Vancouver, BC who presented with a large lung mass.

Cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors have been reported, but neither in the lung nor in the setting of an immunocompetent host.

[MeSH-minor] Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use. Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Cryptococcus gattii. Female. Fluconazole / therapeutic use. Humans. Young Adult

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[Copyright] (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 19937947.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0339

[Journal-full-title] Diagnostic cytopathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Diagn. Cytopathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antifungal Agents; 8VZV102JFY / Fluconazole

   

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Neural stem cells (NSCs) are present during embryonic development and in certain regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS).

Mobilizing adult NSCs to promote repair of injured or diseased CNS is a promising approach.

Since NSCs may give rise to brain tumor, they represent in vitro models for anti-cancer drug screening.

Important future directions that are highlighted in this review are; identification of markers for NSCs, the use of NSCs in high-throughput screens and the modelling of the central nervous development.

There is no doubt that the study of NSCs is crucial if we are to tackle the diseases of the CNS such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cells, Cultured. Central Nervous System / cytology. Humans. Models, Biological

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[Copyright] 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 19021147.001).

[ISSN] 1097-4644

[Journal-full-title] Journal of cellular biochemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Cell. Biochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 80

   

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[Title] Calculated versus measured creatinine clearance for dosing methotrexate in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) (>or=3 g/m2), the cornerstone of therapy for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), is commonly dosed using a measured 24 h creatinine clearance (CrCl) every 2-4 weeks.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from all 287 treatment cycles from the 25 patients with PCNSL who participated in a multi-center phase II clinical trial of HDMTX conducted by the New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy (NABTT) CNS Consortium.

[MeSH-major] Central Nervous System Neoplasms / drug therapy. Creatinine / pharmacokinetics. Kidney Function Tests / methods. Lymphoma / drug therapy. Lymphoma / urine. Methotrexate / administration & dosage

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Male. Metabolic Clearance Rate. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 16972068.001).

[ISSN] 0344-5704

[Journal-full-title] Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase II; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] AYI8EX34EU / Creatinine; YL5FZ2Y5U1 / Methotrexate

   

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[Title] Diagnostic value of kinetic analysis using dynamic 18F-FDG-PET in patients with malignant primary brain tumor.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of quantitative imaging of glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) using kinetic analysis for differentiating between high-grade glioma and central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma.

METHODS: Dynamic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-PET scans obtained in 20 patients with high-grade glioma (World Health Organization grade III, five lesions; grade IV, 15 lesions) and in 12 patients with CNS lymphoma (16 lesions) were retrospectively reviewed.

Fourteen CNS lymphoma lesions showed an increase of K1, 16 of k3, two of k4, and 14 of CMR(Glc).

Both k3 and CMR(Glc) values (mean+/-SD) of CNS lymphoma (0.096+/-0.046 and 77.4+/-37.7, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the normal gray matter (0.059+/-0.015 and 41.3+/-9.3, respectively; P<0.007 and P<0.002, respectively).

The k3 value of CNS lymphoma was significantly higher than that of grade III (0.058+/-0.022) and grade IV (0.065+/-0.024) gliomas (P<0.03 and P<0.04, respectively).

The CMR(Glc) value of CNS lymphoma was significantly higher than that of grade III (33.8+/-7.8) and grade IV (41.5+/-23.1) gliomas (P<0.001 and P<0.004, respectively).

The value of k2 of CNS lymphoma was significantly lower than that of grade IV glioma (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The direct measurement of the regional rate constants by kinetic analysis might be useful for the delineation of CNS lymphoma and for differential diagnosis of high-grade glioma and CNS lymphoma.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18. Glucose / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Glioma / metabolism. Glioma / radionuclide imaging. Humans. Kinetics. Lymphoma / metabolism. Lymphoma / radionuclide imaging. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Middle Aged. Positron-Emission Tomography. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 19521265.001).

[ISSN] 1473-5628

[Journal-full-title] Nuclear medicine communications

[ISO-abbreviation] Nucl Med Commun

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

   

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[Title] Negative correlation of Nogo-A with the malignancy of oligodendroglial tumor.

OBJECTIVE: Nogo-A is an axon regeneration inhibitor, and its function in central nervous system (CNS) is still unknown.

The present study is to explore the relationship between the expression of Nogo-A and the malignancy of oligodendroglial tumors in patients.

METHODS: Tumor tissue samples with different malignancy grade were obtained from the hospitals.

The samples used for detection had been diagnosed as oligodendroglial tumors (oligodendroglioma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma).

The correlation test between the Nogo-A expression and the morphological changes (the percentages of atypical cells and mitotic cells in the tumors) related to the malignancy of tumor tissues was performed.

RESULTS: There was significant negative correlation between the Nogo-A expression and the morphological change of tumor tissues according to immunohistochemistry.

CONCLUSION: Nogo-A expression was negatively correlated with the malignancy grade of oligodendroglial tumors.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Brain Neoplasms / metabolism. Myelin Proteins / metabolism. Oligodendroglioma / diagnosis. Oligodendroglioma / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Down-Regulation / physiology. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Mitotic Index. Neoplasm Invasiveness / diagnosis. Nogo Proteins. Predictive Value of Tests

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(PMID = 17592524.001).

[ISSN] 1673-7067

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience bulletin

[ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci Bull

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Singapore

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Myelin Proteins; 0 / Nogo Proteins; 0 / RTN4 protein, human

   

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[Title] Distinguishing tumefactive demyelinating lesions from glioma or central nervous system lymphoma: added value of unenhanced CT compared with conventional contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively whether unenhanced computed tomographic (CT) images of the brain have added value in distinguishing tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) from primary glioma or central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, compared with conventional contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images only.

Unenhanced CT and MR images in 15 patients with TDLs (seven women, eight men; mean age, 42 years; range, 27-57 years) and 48 patients with primary brain tumor (27 women, 21 men; mean age, 48 years; range, 19-70 years; 10 lymphomas, 38 gliomas) were retrospectively reviewed.

The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging for differentiating TDLs from tumors was compared with that of MR imaging plus CT.

RESULTS: The following MR imaging features were found more frequently in patients with TDL than in those with brain tumor: incomplete rim enhancement, mixed T2-weighted iso- and hyperintensity of enhanced regions, absence of a mass effect, and absence of cortical involvement (all P values < .05).

CT hypoattenuation of MR enhanced regions was observed in 14 (93%) of 15 patients with TDL but in only two (4%) of 48 patients with tumor.

The CT attenuation of MR enhanced regions was significantly lower for patients with TDL than for those with tumor (P < .001).

CONCLUSION: Unenhanced CT plus MR imaging was more accurate for distinguishing TDLs from glioma or CNS lymphoma than contrast-enhanced MR imaging alone.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis. Demyelinating Diseases / diagnosis. Glioma / diagnosis. Image Enhancement / methods. Lymphoma / diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Contrast Media. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19261924.001).

[ISSN] 1527-1315

[Journal-full-title] Radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media

   

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PURPOSE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor with a median survival of 6 months after recurrence.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three phase I clinical studies evaluated intracerebral CED of CB along with tumor resection.

All patients underwent tumor resection followed by a single intraparenchymal infusion (in addition to the intraparenchymal one following resection), with a portion of patients who had a preresection intratumoral infusion.

The maximum tolerated intraparenchymal concentration was 0.5 microg/mL and tumor necrosis was observed at this concentration.

CB- and procedure-related adverse events were primarily limited to the CNS.

[MeSH-major] Drug Delivery Systems / methods. Exotoxins / administration & dosage. Glioma / drug therapy. Immunotoxins / administration & dosage. Interleukin-13 / administration & dosage. Supratentorial Neoplasms / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Catheterization. Convection. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Tissue Distribution

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(PMID = 17327604.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Exotoxins; 0 / IL13-PE38QQR; 0 / Immunotoxins; 0 / Interleukin-13

   

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[Title] Essentials and pitfalls in the treatment of CNS hemangioblastomas and von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Hemangioblastomas are rare CNS tumors, which are mostly located in the posterior fossa or spinal cord and occasionally in spinal nerves.

They can occur sporadically or as a component tumor of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome.

[MeSH-major] Cerebellar Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebellar Neoplasms / surgery. Hemangioblastoma / pathology. Hemangioblastoma / surgery. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / pathology. Spinal Cord Neoplasms / surgery. von Hippel-Lindau Disease / pathology. von Hippel-Lindau Disease / surgery

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male

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[Copyright] Copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.

(PMID = 20229452.001).

[ISSN] 1868-4912

[Journal-full-title] Central European neurosurgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Cent Eur Neurosurg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the central nervous system: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a malignant tumor often involving the abdominal and/or pelvic peritoneum.

Only one fully documented example has arisen in the central nervous system (CNS).

In conclusion, CNS DSRCT follows a similar aggressive course as do peritoneal examples.

Although rare, DSRCT warrants consideration in the differential diagnosis of "malignant small blue cell tumors" of the CNS.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Small Cell / pathology. Cerebellar Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebellopontine Angle / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / genetics. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 19263077.001).

[ISSN] 1432-2307

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / EWS1-WT1 fusion protein, human; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion

   

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[Title] Activating mutations of the GNAQ gene: a frequent event in primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system.

Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon neoplasms derived from melanocytes that normally can be found in the leptomeninges.

Characteristic genetic alterations in this group of neoplasms have not yet been identified.

Using direct sequencing, we investigated 19 primary melanocytic lesions of the CNS (12 melanocytomas, 3 intermediate-grade melanocytomas, and 4 melanomas) for hotspot oncogenic mutations commonly found in melanocytic tumors of the skin (BRAF, NRAS, and HRAS genes) and uvea (GNAQ gene).

Somatic mutations in the GNAQ gene at codon 209, resulting in constitutive activation of GNAQ, were detected in 7/19 (37%) tumors, including 6/12 melanocytomas, 0/3 intermediate-grade melanocytomas, and 1/4 melanomas.

These GNAQ-mutated tumors were predominantly located around the spinal cord (6/7).

One melanoma carried a BRAF point mutation that is frequently found in cutaneous melanomas (c.1799 T>A, p.V600E), raising the question whether this is a metastatic rather than a primary tumor.

We conclude that somatic mutations in the GNAQ gene at codon 209 are a frequent event in primary melanocytic neoplasms of the CNS.

This finding provides new insight in the pathogenesis of these lesions and suggests that GNAQ-dependent mitogen-activated kinase signaling is a promising therapeutic target in these tumors.

The prognostic and predictive value of GNAQ mutations in primary melanocytic lesions of the CNS needs to be determined in future studies.

[MeSH-major] Central Nervous System Neoplasms / genetics. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / pathology. GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / genetics. Melanocytes / pathology. Melanoma / pathology. Mutation / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Codon / genetics. DNA, Neoplasm / genetics. DNA, Neoplasm / isolation & purification. Female. Genes, ras / genetics. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics. Retrospective Studies. Tissue Fixation

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(PMID = 19936769.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0533

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Codon; 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; 0 / GNAQ protein, human; 0 / GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; EC 2.7.11.1 / BRAF protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf

   

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[Title] Central nervous system relapse in patients with breast cancer is associated with advanced stages, with the presence of circulating occult tumor cells and with the HER2/neu status.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with breast cancer treated with a taxane-based chemotherapy regimen and to determine predictive factors for CNS relapse.

METHODS: The medical files of patients with early breast cancer (n = 253) or advanced stage breast cancer (n = 239) as well of those with other solid tumors (n = 336) treated with or without a taxane-based chemotherapy regimen during a 42-month period were reviewed.

HER2/neu overexpression was identified by immunohistochemistry, whereas cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood were identified by real-time PCR.

RESULTS: The incidence of CNS relapse was similar in patients suffering from breast cancer or other solid tumors (10.4% and 11.4%, respectively; P = 0.517).

The incidence of CNS relapse was significantly higher in breast cancer patients with advanced disease (P = 0.041), visceral disease and bone disease (P = 0.036), in those who were treated with a taxane-containing regimen (P = 0.024), in those with HER2/neu-overexpressing tumors (P = 0.022) and, finally, in those with detectable CK-19 mRNA-positive CTCs (P = 0.008).

Multivariate analysis revealed that the stage of disease (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.007-0.23; P = 0.0001), the HER2/neu status (odds ratio, 29.4; 95% confidence interval, 7.51-101.21; P = 0.0001) and the presence of CK-19 mRNA-positive CTCs (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% confidence interval, 3.97-12.84; P = 0.001) were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse.

CONCLUSION: CNS relapses are common among breast cancer patients treated with a taxane-based chemotherapy regimen, patients with HER2/neu-positive tumor and patients with CK-19 mRNA-positive CTCs.

[MeSH-major] Breast Neoplasms / pathology. Breast Neoplasms / physiopathology. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / physiopathology. Neoplastic Cells, Circulating

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Female. Humans. Keratin-19. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Predictive Value of Tests. RNA, Messenger. Receptor, ErbB-2 / biosynthesis. Taxoids / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 16846533.001).

[ISSN] 1465-542X

[Journal-full-title] Breast cancer research : BCR

[ISO-abbreviation] Breast Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Keratin-19; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Taxoids; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, ErbB-2

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1779464

   

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[Title] MEGF9: a novel transmembrane protein with a strong and developmentally regulated expression in the nervous system.

MEGF9 [multiple EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-domains 9], a novel transmembrane protein with multiple EGF-like repeats, is predominantly expressed in the developing and adult CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system).

[MeSH-major] Central Nervous System / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental. Membrane Proteins / biosynthesis. Nerve Tissue Proteins / biosynthesis. Peripheral Nervous System / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Amino Acid Sequence. Animals. Epidermal Growth Factor / genetics. Humans. Keratinocytes / metabolism. Mice. Molecular Sequence Data. Protein Processing, Post-Translational. Protein Structure, Tertiary. Rats. Sequence Alignment. Skin / cytology. Tongue / cytology. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 16981854.001).

[ISSN] 1470-8728

[Journal-full-title] The Biochemical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Biochem. J.

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] RefSeq/ NM/ 172694/ XM/ 3769095

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS049136

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MEGF9 protein, human; 0 / MEGF9 protein, mouse; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 62229-50-9 / Epidermal Growth Factor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1820795

   

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Treatment included vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the primary tumor and up to five metastatic sites/tissues.

Sites of first progression/relapse were distant (55%), local (12%), CNS extension (8%), mixed (6%), and uncertain (18%).

Factors indicating likelihood of 10-year FFS included tumor arising in "better" versus "worse" sites (FFS 46% vs. 18%, P = 0.02) and embryonal versus other histology (FFS 37% vs. 19%, P = 0.06).

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[Copyright] (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 18266224.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5017

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-98543; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-24507; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA098413; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-72989; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U10 CA098543; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-29511

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Rare primary CNS anaplastic large cell lymphoma in an immunocompetent adult: a clinical-pathologic case report and review case of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Isolated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) presenting in the primary central nervous system is distinctly uncommon.

The authors describe a case that clinically and radiographically simulated a primary glial neoplasm.

There appeared to be a clear demarcation between white matter and tumor with no obvious necrosis.

CONCLUSION: Reported in less than 20 patients, primary ALCL in an immunocompetent patient is rarely found intracranially; however, its ability to mimic glial neoplasms as well as other pathologies underlines its importance.

[MeSH-major] Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Combined Modality Therapy. Diagnosis, Differential. Glioma / pathology. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Male. Radiotherapy. Seizures / etiology

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[CommentIn] Clin Neuropathol. 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):39-40; author reply 40 [17290938.001]

(PMID = 17007446.001).

[ISSN] 0722-5091

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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[Title] Elevation of osteopontin levels in brain tumor cells reduces burden and promotes survival through the inhibition of cell dispersal.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleotrophic molecule that has been associated with multiple disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).

Its roles in CNS malignancy are unclear but suggest that higher levels of OPN expression correlate with increased tumor grade and increased migratory capacity of tumor cells.

Implantation of tumor cells expressing high levels of OPN into adult Fischer rats and nude rats resulted in morphologically distinct tumors and prolonged host survival relative to controls.

We propose that local produced, high level OPN expression limits the malignant character of glioma cells and that the downstream mechanisms involved represent pathways that may have therapeutic value in the treatment of human CNS malignancy.

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(PMID = 17928956.001).

[ISSN] 0167-594X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuro-oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurooncol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA10373602; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS036674; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS030800-14; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS030800; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS-3080011; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R37 NS036674; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS030800-14; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS-36674-08

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD31; 106441-73-0 / Osteopontin; 147336-22-9 / Green Fluorescent Proteins; G34N38R2N1 / Bromodeoxyuridine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS196650; NLM/ PMC2911624

   

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In this location, liponeurocytomas are very exceptional, whereas it is the typical site for classic central neurocytomas.

Thus, cerebellar liponeurocytoma is the most frequent neuroepithelial CNS tumor with adipose-like cells followed by ependymomas with a lipid component and supratentorial intraventricular liponeurocytoma.

Adipose-like cells in neurocytomas may originate by lipidization of tumor cells, metaplastic transformation of neuroectodermal cells into fat cells or by true adipocytic differentiation.

The present case showed also focal glial differentiation with GFAP-positivity of some tumor cells as often seen in cerebellar liponeurocytomas but much rarer in central neurocytomas.

Future WHO tumor classification should consider that liponeurocytomas are not restricted to the cerebellum.

[MeSH-major] Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / pathology. Lipoma / pathology. Neurocytoma / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Cerebellar Neoplasms / pathology. Diagnosis, Differential. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / metabolism. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male

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(PMID = 16550742.001).

[ISSN] 0722-5091

[Journal-full-title] Clinical neuropathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

   

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The rodent barrel cortex is a useful system to study the role of genes and neuronal activity in the patterning of the nervous system.

Neurofibromin is a tumor suppressor protein that has Ras GTPase activity, thus attenuating the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and and PI-3 kinase (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) pathways, and is mutated in humans with the condition neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Neurofibromin is widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, and a common feature of NF1 is deficits in intellectual development.

Thus, NF1 may have important roles in normal CNS development and function.

To explore roles for neurofibromin in the development of the CNS, we took advantage of a mouse conditional allele.

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(PMID = 18272679.001).

[ISSN] 1529-2401

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS034296-09; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS34296; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R37 NS033199-11; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS034296; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS033199-11; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R37NS33199; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R37 NS033199; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS034296-09

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Neurofibromin 1

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS149013; NLM/ PMC2760344

   

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Among 111 enrolled subjects, 12 patients developed central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction.

CNS dysfunction in four patients was found to have no association with HHV-6.

The remaining eight patients displayed HHV-6 encephalitis (n=3), limbic encephalitis (HHV-6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid was not examined; n=3) or CNS dysfunction because of an unidentified cause (n=2).

Real-time PCR showed CNS dysfunction in the latter eight patients, which developed concomitant with the appearance of high plasma levels of HHV-6 DNA (> or =10(4) copies/ml).

Overall, eight of the 24 patients with high-level HHV-6 DNA developed CNS dysfunction, whereas no patients developed CNS dysfunction potentially associated with HHV-6 infection if peak HHV-6 DNA was <10(4) copies/ml.

We next analyzed plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha among patients who displayed high-level plasma HHV-6 DNA and found elevated IL-6 concentrations preceding HHV-6 infection in patients who developed CNS dysfunction. (Mean+/-s.d.: 865.7+/-1036.3 pg/ml in patients with CNS dysfunction; 56.5+/-192.9 pg/ml in others; P=0.01).

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Child. DNA, Viral / blood. Female. Humans. Interleukin-10 / blood. Male. Middle Aged. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / blood. Viral Load

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(PMID = 19465942.001).

[ISSN] 1476-5365

[Journal-full-title] Bone marrow transplantation

[ISO-abbreviation] Bone Marrow Transplant.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Viral; 0 / Interleukin-6; 0 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; 130068-27-8 / Interleukin-10

   

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[Title] The glial response to CNS HIV infection includes p53 activation and increased expression of p53 target genes.

We have also shown that microglia from p53-deficient mice fail to induce neurotoxicity in response to the HIV coat protein gp120 in a coculture system, supporting the hypothesis that p53 plays a pathogenic role in the chronic neuroinflammatory component of HIV-associated neurodegeneration.

[MeSH-major] AIDS Dementia Complex / genetics. AIDS Dementia Complex / metabolism. Central Nervous System Infections / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / physiology. Neuroglia / metabolism. Neuroglia / virology. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Astrocytes / metabolism. Astrocytes / pathology. Astrocytes / virology. Female. Gene Targeting. HeLa Cells. Humans. Male. Microglia / metabolism. Microglia / pathology. Microglia / virology. Middle Aged. Oligodendroglia / metabolism. Oligodendroglia / pathology. Oligodendroglia / virology. Signal Transduction / genetics. Signal Transduction / physiology

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(PMID = 18040854.001).

[ISSN] 1557-1904

[Journal-full-title] Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology

[ISO-abbreviation] J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS35533; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / P30-HD02774; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / T32-AG000268; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS45528; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / U01 MH083545; United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / N01MH32002

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53