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[Title] Adrenal masses in the cancer patient: surveillance or excision.

An increasing number of patients with a history of solid organ malignancy now undergo surveillance imaging as part of their follow-up or for evaluation of other conditions.

This imaging has led to both greater identification of asymptomatic adrenal masses and subsequent confusion among clinicians regarding the evaluation and treatment.

In this review, we explore methods of biochemical testing in such patients and discuss the role of imaging techniques in their ability to differentiate benign versus malignant lesions.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / secondary. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / therapy. Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 17296812.001).

[ISSN] 1083-7159

[Journal-full-title] The oncologist

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncologist

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

[Number-of-references] 48

   

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[Transliterated title] Neuroendokrines Karzinom der Lunge: eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung.

Based on a biopsy of a bronchial tumor, a small cell neuroendocrine tumor of the lung was diagnosed and chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was initiated.

As the tumor progressed under chemotherapy, the bronchial biopsy was reevaluated and further biopsies of liver and adrenal metastases were obtained.

The diagnosis was corrected, and an atypical neuroendocrine bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed.

Under octreotide therapy, the patient remained stable for 1 year, when a discrete progress of the primary tumor in the lung was observed.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / secondary. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / pathology. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / secondary. Carcinoma, Medullary / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Medullary / pathology. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / secondary. Liver Neoplasms / diagnosis. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Lung Neoplasms / diagnosis. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / diagnosis. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Glands / pathology. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Bone Neoplasms / diagnosis. Bone Neoplasms / drug therapy. Bone Neoplasms / secondary. Calcitonin / metabolism. Cell Division / physiology. Female. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism. Liver / pathology. Lung / pathology. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging. Octreotide / administration & dosage. Paraneoplastic Syndromes / diagnosis. Paraneoplastic Syndromes / drug therapy. Paraneoplastic Syndromes / pathology. Sirolimus / administration & dosage. Thyroid Gland / pathology

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(PMID = 20455040.001).

[ISSN] 1615-6722

[Journal-full-title] Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983)

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. Klin. (Munich)

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 9007-12-9 / Calcitonin; RWM8CCW8GP / Octreotide; W36ZG6FT64 / Sirolimus

   

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More recently it was shown that the same light stimulus induces immediate changes in clock gene expression in the pineal and adrenal, suggesting a role of peripheral clocks in the organ-specific output.

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Glands / metabolism. Adrenal Glands / radiation effects. Animals. Autonomic Denervation. Circadian Rhythm / genetics. Circadian Rhythm / radiation effects. Hormones / metabolism. Male. Pineal Gland / metabolism. Pineal Gland / radiation effects. Rats. Rats, Wistar

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(PMID = 19478857.001).

[ISSN] 1932-6203

[Journal-full-title] PloS one

[ISO-abbreviation] PLoS ONE

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hormones

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2682563

   

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CONTEXT: Adrenal incidentalomas are common findings necessitating extensive laboratory work-up and repetitive radiological examinations.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 212 MTO-PET examinations in 173 patients to identify its role in the management of adrenal tumors.

PATIENTS: Patients who were operated or biopsied due to adrenal tumors had histopathological diagnoses of adrenocortical adenoma (n = 26), adrenocortical cancer (ACC; n = 13), adrenocortical hyperplasia (n = 8), pheochromocytoma (n = 6), metastasis (n = 3), and tumors of nonadrenal origin (n = 19).

The hypothesis that MTO-PET is of value in the management of adrenal tumors, especially incidentaloma, was stated before data collection.

Pheochromocytomas, metastases to the adrenal gland, and nonadrenal masses were all MTO negative.

SUV was higher in aldosterone-hypersecreting adenomas, and the SUV ratio between the tumor and the contralateral gland was significantly higher in all hormonally hypersecreting adenomas as well as in ACC.

MTO-PET is useful in the imaging work-up of adrenal incidentalomas and may be beneficial for the examination of patients with primary aldosteronism or ACC.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / pathology. Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Antineoplastic Agents. Etomidate / analogs & derivatives

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(PMID = 16403816.001).

[ISSN] 0021-972X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 5377-20-8 / metomidate; Z22628B598 / Etomidate

   

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[Title] A case of polymyositis associated with adrenal carcinoma.

The association between idiopathic inflammatory myositis and cancer is well recognized.

Most descriptions have been of dermatomyositis-associated cancer, however, a few have been of polymyositis-associated adrenal cancer.

Here, we report a 69-year-old man in whom polymyositis-associated adrenal cancer was diagnosed.

Imaging studies showed a solid tumor measuring 14 x 9 cm in the retroperitoneum.

After surgical excision of the tumor, including the left kidney, the serum levels of creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase normalized, and symptoms of myositis disappeared.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / diagnosis. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Polymyositis / diagnosis

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(PMID = 17880299.001).

[ISSN] 0919-8172

[Journal-full-title] International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Urol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Australia

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.1.1.27 / L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; EC 2.7.3.2 / Creatine Kinase

   

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[Title] Arc and resistance welding and tumours of the endocrine glands: a Swedish case-control study with focus on extremely low frequency magnetic fields.

AIMS: To analyse occupational exposure to ELF magnetic fields from welding, and tumours of the endocrine glands.

A total of 174 incident cases of tumours of the endocrine glands, 1985-94, were identified and data were obtained from 140 (80%) of these cases; 1692 controls frequency matched on sex and age were selected, and information on 1306 (77%) individuals was obtained.

RESULTS: There was an overall increased risk for all tumours of the endocrine glands for individuals who had been welding sometime during the follow up.

We found an increased risk for the adrenal glands in relation to arc welding, and for the parathyroid glands in relation to both arc welding and resistance welding.

An imprecise increase in risk was also noted for tumours of the pituitary gland for arc welding.

CONCLUSION: The increased risks of endocrine gland tumours related to welding might be explained by exposure to high levels of ELF magnetic fields.

[MeSH-major] Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / etiology. Magnetics / adverse effects. Occupational Diseases / etiology. Occupational Exposure / adverse effects. Welding

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / epidemiology. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / etiology. Air Pollutants, Occupational / toxicity. Case-Control Studies. Cohort Studies. Female. Humans. Male. Parathyroid Neoplasms / epidemiology. Parathyroid Neoplasms / etiology. Pituitary Neoplasms / epidemiology. Pituitary Neoplasms / etiology. Risk Factors. Solvents / toxicity. Sweden / epidemiology. Time Factors

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(PMID = 15837851.001).

[ISSN] 1470-7926

[Journal-full-title] Occupational and environmental medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Occup Environ Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Air Pollutants, Occupational; 0 / Solvents

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1741017

   

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[Title] Approach to the patient with an adrenal incidentaloma.

Unsuspected adrenal masses, or incidentalomas, are increasingly found with the widespread use of thoracic and abdominal imaging.

These masses may be hormonally active or nonfunctional and malignant or benign.

This is particularly important before surgical resection, which is routinely recommended for masses larger than 4 cm in diameter without a clear-cut diagnosis and for others with hormonal secretion or ominous imaging characteristics.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / therapy. Algorithms. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Carcinoma / therapy. Incidental Findings

[MeSH-minor] Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Cushing Syndrome / complications. Cushing Syndrome / diagnosis. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Practice Guidelines as Topic

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(PMID = 20823463.001).

[ISSN] 1945-7197

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 50

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2936073

   

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[Title] An evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach to the clinical considerations, management, and surveillance of adrenal lesions in familial adenomatous polyposis: report of three cases.

Adrenal masses are commonly discovered incidentally in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, and adrenal malignancies have been rarely reported.

Adrenal lesions often are detected unexpectedly and are thus becoming a common clinical problem in this population.

Adrenal lesions encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of pathologic entities, including primary adrenocortical and medullary tumors, benign or malignant lesions, hormonally active or inactive lesions, metastases, and infections.

When an adrenal mass is detected, the clinician needs to address two crucial questions:.

1) is the mass malignant?

This article presents three new cases of incidental adrenal lesions in familial adenomatous polyposis, reviews the medical literature for this setting, and provides an overview of the diagnostic clinical approach and management of the adrenal findings in familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / complications. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / complications. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / complications

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(PMID = 17041748.001).

[ISSN] 0012-3706

[Journal-full-title] Diseases of the colon and rectum

[ISO-abbreviation] Dis. Colon Rectum

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 64

   

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[Title] Renal cell carcinoma and the renal sinus.

Renal sinus fat invasion was incorporated as one of the parameters for pT stage definition of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) only in the latest 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer/tumor-node-metastasis staging protocol.

The current pT3a subcategory (in addition to adrenal gland involvement) groups 2 modes of extrarenal extension by RCC, either by peripheral perinephric fat extension or by renal sinus fat invasion.

Recent prospective studies have shown that with more directed gross sampling and histologic evaluation, renal sinus invasion is actually more commonly diagnosed than previously reported, or when compared with retrospectively sampled RCC nephrectomy specimens.

These studies have demonstrated that renal sinus invasion is the principal pathway for extrarenal extension for clear cell RCC; the incidence of which is related to size (tumors greater than 4 cm more frequently involve the renal sinus).

More significantly, a recent retrospective study of pT3a clear cell RCC nephrectomy specimens showed that tumors invading the renal sinus fat portend a more aggressive outcome than tumors invading only the peripheral perinephric fat.

Clear cell RCCs invading the renal sinus are more likely to have higher nuclear grade, regional lymph node involvement and sarcomatoid transformation than tumors invading only the perinephric fat.

Given the importance of renal sinus invasion, sampling strategies for nephrectomy specimens should be modified to focus in this region as appropriate and pathologists should be familiar with the histologic criteria for staging renal sinus invasion.

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[CommentOn] J Urol. 2005 Oct;174(4 Pt 1):1218-21 [16145373.001]

[CommentOn] J Urol. 2005 Oct;174(4 Pt 1):1199-202; discussion 1202 [16145369.001]

(PMID = 17471114.001).

[ISSN] 1072-4109

[Journal-full-title] Advances in anatomic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv Anat Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comment; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Adrenal incidentalomas in the laparoscopic era and the role of correct surgical indications: observations from 255 consecutive adrenalectomies in an Italian series.

We analyzed the results of a multi-centre trial that was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) to obtain a correct preoperative diagnosis.

METHODS: We obtained our data from the results of a questionnaire that was distributed by mail or email in May 2005 to several surgical units operating in the Campania Region, Italy.

RESULTS: The distribution of pathologic findings demonstrates that the number of lesions caused by cancer discovered from a preoperative indication of incidentaloma has been even smaller (1/114, 0.8%) than the previous numbers reported in the literature.

Moreover, whereas most patients with adrenal cancer had lesions larger than 6 cm (7/8, 87.5%), the majority of patients with adrenal metastases had lesions 6 cm or smaller (10/12, 83.3%).

Adrenal malignancies when metastatic are often 6 cm or smaller.

If they are single and they originated from a non-small lung cancer, they must be removed.

The endocrine surgery unit remains the best setting to evaluate and treat adrenal gland surgical pathology.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / surgery. Adrenalectomy / methods

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[Cites] Surgery. 2000 Dec;128(6):973-82;discussion 982-3 [11114632.001]

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(PMID = 20011165.001).

[ISSN] 1488-2310

[Journal-full-title] Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

[ISO-abbreviation] Can J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] Canada

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2792399

   

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This study examined influences of hereditary factors and differences in catecholamine production on tumour expression of NPY, as assessed by quantitative PCR, enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry.

Phaeochromocytomas included hereditary adrenaline-producing tumours (adrenergic phenotype) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), predominantly noradrenaline-producing tumours (noradrenergic phenotype) in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, and other adrenergic and noradrenergic tumours where there was no clear hereditary syndrome.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / chemistry. Neuropeptide Y / analysis. Pheochromocytoma / chemistry. von Hippel-Lindau Disease / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Analysis of Variance. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Linear Models. Male. Middle Aged. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / chemistry. Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase / analysis. RNA, Messenger / analysis. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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[Cites] Cell Tissue Res. 2005 Dec;322(3):443-53 [16047163.001]

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(PMID = 17470513.001).

[ISSN] 0022-0795

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z99 CT999999; United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Neuropeptide Y; 0 / RNA, Messenger; EC 2.1.1.28 / Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase

   

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[Title] [The clinical characteristic of adrenal metastatic tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of adrenal metastasis.

METHODS: From January 1993 to December 2004, 103 cases of adrenal metastasis were reviewed.

RESULTS: Lung and hepatocellular carcinoma were the most common primary tumor of adrenal metastatic tumor, which about 36.9% (38/103) and 42.7% (44/103) of all cases, followed by renal carcinoma 6.8% (7/103), colorectal carcinoma 4.9% (5/103), stomach carcinoma 3.9% (4/103), breast cancer 1.9% (2/103), unknown primary tumor 2.9% (3/103).

The mean diameter of adrenal metastasis was 3.9 cm.

The mean interval from detection of primary tumor to adrenal metastasis was 9.5 months.

And 79.6% (82/103) were detected as a part of multiorgan metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS: There is no particular presentation of clinic and imaging, diagnosis depending on history, follow-up and the pathological presentation of primary tumor.

When the primary tumor could be resected or be well controlled, and there is no other evidence of metastasis, adrenalectomy is recommended.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / secondary

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology. Combined Modality Therapy. Female. Humans. Liver Neoplasms / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Survival Analysis. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 17418043.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5815

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate metabolite (DHEAS) are the major androgens secreted by the human adrenal gland.

The decline in their production is the most characteristic age-related change in the adrenal cortex.

This process, known as 'adrenopause' may contribute to the increased incidence of atherosclerosis, cancer, or dementia in older people.

Whereas DHEA therapy seems to be effective in treating patients with adrenal insufficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus, clinical studies investigating the potential efficacy of DHEA therapy in multiple other disorders (Alzheimer disease, depression, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunctions) have not provided consistent results.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Glands / metabolism. Adrenarche / physiology. Aging / metabolism. Dehydroepiandrosterone / metabolism. Dehydroepiandrosterone / therapeutic use

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Diseases / drug therapy. Adrenal Gland Diseases / metabolism. Aged. Atherosclerosis / metabolism. Atherosclerosis / prevention & control. Cardiovascular System / metabolism. Dementia / metabolism. Dementia / prevention & control. Humans. Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / drug therapy. Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / metabolism. Receptors, Steroid / metabolism

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(PMID = 18634257.001).

[ISSN] 1426-9686

[Journal-full-title] Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego

[ISO-abbreviation] Pol. Merkur. Lekarski

[Language] pol

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Steroid; 0 / dehydroepiandrosterone receptor; 459AG36T1B / Dehydroepiandrosterone

[Number-of-references] 38

   

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[Title] Neuronal apoptosis linked to EglN3 prolyl hydroxylase and familial pheochromocytoma genes: developmental culling and cancer.

We also found that the prolyl hydroxylase EglN3 acts downstream of c-Jun and is specifically required among the three EglN family members for apoptosis in this setting.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / enzymology. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Apoptosis. Pheochromocytoma / enzymology. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics. Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors. DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Dioxygenases. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases. Immediate-Early Proteins / metabolism. Mutation. Nerve Growth Factor / metabolism. Neurons / enzymology. Protein Kinase C / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret. Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics. Signal Transduction. Succinate Dehydrogenase / metabolism. Sympathetic Nervous System / cytology. Sympathetic Nervous System / growth & development. Transcription Factors / metabolism. Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

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[CommentIn] Cancer Cell. 2005 Aug;8(2):91-3 [16098460.001]

(PMID = 16098468.001).

[ISSN] 1535-6108

[Journal-full-title] Cancer cell

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Cell

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK065969; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS034400

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Immediate-Early Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1; 9061-61-4 / Nerve Growth Factor; EC 1.13.11.- / Dioxygenases; EC 1.14.11.2 / EGLN1 protein, human; EC 1.14.11.2 / Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; EC 1.14.11.29 / EGLN3 protein, human; EC 1.14.11.29 / Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; EC 1.3.99.1 / Succinate Dehydrogenase; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.11.13 / Protein Kinase C; EC 6.3.2.19 / Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; EC 6.3.2.19 / VHL protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

   

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[Title] [Adrenal carcinoma: 7 year disease free survival after complete primary tumor resection and repeated resection of local-regional and distant recurrences. Review after one case with poor initial life expectancy].

[Transliterated title] Carcinoma suprarrenal: supervivencia a 7 años libre de enfermedad tras resección completa del tumor primario y resecciones repetidas de recidivas locorregional y a distancia. Revisión a raiz de un caso con una pobre esperanza de vida inicial.

OBJECTIVES: We report the case of a female patient with adrenal carcinoma who had undergone surgery and presented with local-regional and distant recurrences, emphasizing the importance of the aggressive surgical treatment to achieve long-term survival which is unexpected sometimes.

METHODS/RESULTS: We report the case of a 29-year-old female patient who consulted for left flank pain, being diagnosed of an adrenal tumor by radiological tests; she underwent surgical excision of a left adrenal carcinoma (stage II).

Currently, the patient is alive and free of disease 7 years after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal cancer recurrences have been considered lethal in the short-term.

Nevertheless, an aggressive surgical approach of local recurrences and metastasic disease may significantly prolong patient's survival and, sometimes, leave the patient disease free several years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / surgery. Carcinoma / surgery

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(PMID = 15847268.001).

[ISSN] 0004-0614

[Journal-full-title] Archivos españoles de urología

[ISO-abbreviation] Arch. Esp. Urol.

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

   

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[Title] Lung cancer presenting with extreme leukocytosis.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / secondary. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / secondary. Leukocytosis / etiology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Paraneoplastic Syndromes / etiology

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(PMID = 20414953.001).

[ISSN] 1107-0625

[Journal-full-title] Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J BUON

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] Greece

   

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Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare neoplasm occurring with a frequency of 1-2 cases per million.

It is characterized by significant malignancy with mean survival of about 28 months, and in the presence of documented metastases survival is shorter up to 8 months.

This type of a tumor is slightly more frequent in women (58.6%) than in men (41.4%).

The tumor size is still the best single predictor of prognosis.

Histopathology specimen from biopsy or obtained during operation should be stained for Melan A, which can confirm the adrenal origin of the tumor.

We presented the case of functioning adrenocortical cancer in 37-year-old patient who at time of diagnosis had 12 cm in diameter tumor of the left adrenal gland and metastases to the liver and lung.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / pathology. Adrenocortical Carcinoma / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Lung Neoplasms / secondary

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(PMID = 17966598.001).

[Journal-full-title] Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej

[ISO-abbreviation] Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn.

[Language] pol

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Poland

   

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[Title] Primary adrenal natural killer/T-cell nasal type lymphoma: first case report in adults.

We report the first case of a primary adrenal natural killer (NK)/T-cell nasal type lymphoma in adults.

The patient presented with an enlarging left adrenal mass and the initial concern was for adrenocortical carcinoma.

Rapid recurrence in the contralateral adrenal gland was treated with a single cycle of chemotherapy before he died due to infectious complications and progressive disease.

This case demonstrates the aggressive presentation of a novel subset of primary adrenal lymphoma that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Killer Cells, Natural / pathology. Lymphocyte Subsets / pathology. Lymphoma, T-Cell / pathology

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(PMID = 17094095.001).

[ISSN] 0361-8609

[Journal-full-title] American journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA 1; 0 / RNA, Viral

   

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[Title] Consequences of adrenal venous sampling in primary hyperaldosteronism and predictors of unilateral adrenal disease.

BACKGROUND: In patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral adrenal hypersecretion is critical in assessing treatment options.

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been advocated by some to be the gold standard for localization of the responsible lesion, but there remains a lack of consensus for the criteria and the standardization of technique.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective study of 114 patients with a biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism who all underwent CT scan and AVS before and after corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation.

Factors associated with AVS lateralization included a low renin value, high plasma aldosterone-to plasma-renin ratio, and adrenal mass > or = 3 cm on CT scan.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Diseases / blood. Adrenal Gland Diseases / diagnosis. Adrenal Glands / blood supply. Adrenal Glands / metabolism. Hyperaldosteronism / blood. Hyperaldosteronism / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / blood. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Adrenalectomy. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. Adult. Aged. Aldosterone / blood. Biomarkers / blood. Female. Humans. Hydrocortisone / blood. Hyperplasia / diagnosis. Male. Middle Aged. Renin / blood. Retrospective Studies. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Veins

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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(PMID = 20800196.001).

[ISSN] 1879-1190

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the American College of Surgeons

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Am. Coll. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z99 CA999999; United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / ZIA HD000642-12

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers; 4964P6T9RB / Aldosterone; 9002-60-2 / Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; EC 3.4.23.15 / Renin; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS206381; NLM/ PMC2930893

   

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[Title] Regression of orthotopic neuroblastoma in mice by targeting the endothelial and tumor cell compartments.

The aim of this study was primarily to characterize tumor spread in an orthotopic, metastatic model for aggressive, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and secondarily to study the effects of daily administration of the chemotherapeutic agent CHS 828 on tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and spread.

METHODS: MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32, 2 x 10(6)) were injected into the left adrenal gland in SCID mice through a flank incision.

Nine weeks later, a new laparotomy was performed to confirm tumor establishment and to estimate tumor volume.

Differences between groups in tumor volume were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and in metastatic spread using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS: The orthotopic model resembled clinical neuroblastoma in respect to tumor site, growth and spread.

Treatment with CHS 828 resulted in tumor regression (p < 0.001) and reduction in viable tumor fraction (p < 0.001) and metastatic spread (p < 0.05) in correlation with reduced plasma levels of the putative tumor marker chromogranin A (p < 0.001).

These effects were due to increased tumor cell death and reduced angiogenesis.

CONCLUSION: The metastatic animal model in this study resembled clinical neuroblastoma and is therefore clinically relevant for examining new treatment strategies for this malignancy.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Autopsy. Calgranulin A / blood. Cell Line, Tumor. Cyanides / toxicity. Fibroblasts / drug effects. Guanidines / toxicity. Humans. Liver Neoplasms / secondary. Mice. Mice, SCID. Neoplasm Metastasis. Neovascularization, Pathologic / metabolism. Remission Induction. Risk Factors. Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

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(PMID = 19284605.001).

[ISSN] 1479-5876

[Journal-full-title] Journal of translational medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Transl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Calgranulin A; 0 / Cyanides; 0 / Guanidines; 0 / N-(6-chlorophenoxyhexyl)-N''-cyano-N''-4-pyridylguanidine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2667491

   

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Radioligand binding assays in the cortex revealed a significantly lower number of A(1)AR (maximal binding capacity, Bmax) in the cortex of p50-/- mice (151+/-62 fmol/mg protein) versus 479+/-181 fmol/mg protein in the F2 (N=5 per strain, P<0.05), but no change in the equilibrium dissociation constant.

Similar reductions in A1AR were measured in the hippocampus, brain stem and hypothalamus and in peripheral tissues, such as the adrenal gland, kidney and spleen.

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(PMID = 17350174.001).

[ISSN] 0306-4522

[Journal-full-title] Neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroscience

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / K26 RR017543; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR017543-01; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / K26 RR017543-01; United States / PHS HHS / / R01-7543

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Lipopolysaccharides; 0 / NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptor, Adenosine A1; 0 / Xanthines; 102146-07-6 / 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; EC 3.6.1.- / GTP-Binding Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS23082; NLM/ PMC2034751

   

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A method was developed to assess mitochondrial movement in the living cell that is dependent, in part, on microtubule and/or associating protein interactions.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / metabolism. Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacology. Mitochondria. Paclitaxel / pharmacology. Pheochromocytoma / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Line, Tumor. Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism. PC12 Cells / cytology. PC12 Cells / drug effects. PC12 Cells / physiology. Rats

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(PMID = 18636346.001).

[ISSN] 0895-8696

[Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Neurosci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 0 / Fluorescent Dyes; P88XT4IS4D / Paclitaxel

   

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[Title] Pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas detected by screening in patients with SDHD-associated head-and-neck paragangliomas.

Pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas were treated surgically after appropriate blockade.

Twenty-eight out of the 93 patients were included in our study and underwent additional imaging for pheochromocytomas/extra-adrenal paragangliomas.

In 11 out of the 28 patients intra-adrenal pheochromocytomas were found.

Extra-adrenal paragangliomas were discovered in eight patients.

The high prevalence of pheochromocytomas/extra-adrenal paragangliomas in patients with SDHD-associated HNP warrants regular screening for tumors in these patients.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Head and Neck Neoplasms / genetics. Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal / diagnosis. Pheochromocytoma / diagnosis. Succinate Dehydrogenase / genetics

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(PMID = 19289533.001).

[ISSN] 1351-0088

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine-related cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. Relat. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Catecholamines; EC 1.3.5.1 / SDHB protein, human; EC 1.3.99.1 / Succinate Dehydrogenase

   

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Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome caused by mutations in the VHL gene.

Type 2 subtypes of VHL syndrome are characterized by the presence of pheochromocytoma and the three Type 2 subtypes are associated with differing risks of hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that patients with VHL syndrome caused by large VHL deletions that include C3orf10 may be designated as having a specific subtype (Type 1B) of the disorder.

[MeSH-major] Gene Deletion. Phenotype. Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / genetics. von Hippel-Lindau Disease / classification

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / complications. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Carcinoma, Renal Cell / complications. Carcinoma, Renal Cell / genetics. Cerebellar Neoplasms / complications. Cerebellar Neoplasms / genetics. Cytoskeletal Proteins / genetics. DNA Mutational Analysis. Exons / genetics. Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein / genetics. Genotype. Germ-Line Mutation. Hemangioblastoma / complications. Hemangioblastoma / genetics. Humans. Kidney Neoplasms / complications. Kidney Neoplasms / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / complications. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Retinal Neoplasms / complications. Retinal Neoplasms / genetics

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(PMID = 19764026.001).

[ISSN] 1552-4833

[Journal-full-title] American journal of medical genetics. Part A

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Med. Genet. A

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BRK1 protein, human; 0 / Cytoskeletal Proteins; 0 / FANCD2 protein, human; 0 / Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein; EC 6.3.2.19 / VHL protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

   

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Here, we present a case of a false-positive (123)I-MIBG scan in a case of a mast-cell infiltrated infantile haemangioma and discuss the possible uptake mechanism.

[MeSH-major] 3-Iodobenzylguanidine / pharmacokinetics. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / metabolism. Hemangioma / metabolism. Mast Cells / metabolism

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(PMID = 20675460.001).

[ISSN] 1748-880X

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 35MRW7B4AD / 3-Iodobenzylguanidine

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3473506

   

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The human type 1 (placenta, breast tumors) and type 2 (gonads, adrenals) isoforms of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3beta-HSD) are key enzymes in biosynthesis of all active steroid hormones.

Human 3beta-HSD1 is a critical enzyme in the conversion of DHEA to estradiol in breast tumors and may be a major target enzyme for the treatment of breast cancer.

3beta-HSD2 participates in the production of cortisol and aldosterone in the human adrenal gland.

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[Cites] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 12;277(28):25677-84 [11976334.001]

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(PMID = 18524572.001).

[ISSN] 0960-0760

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA114717-21; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA114717; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA114717; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA114717-21

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Isoenzymes; 08J2K08A3Y / Dihydrotestosterone; 2ZD004190S / Threonine; 3XMK78S47O / Testosterone; AE28F7PNPL / Methionine; EC 1.1.- / 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; EC 5.3.3.- / Steroid Isomerases; L0FPV48Q5R / trilostane

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS65567; NLM/ PMC2580795

   

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[Title] [Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I].

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome, which is manifested as a variety of endocrine and non-endocrine tumours and lesions caused by specific germline mutations of the MEN1 gene, a tumour suppressor gene.

The combined use of genetic and clinical tools for the diagnosis of MEN1-associated tumours substantially improves both the course of the disease and the quality of life of affected patients.

This review summarizes the relevant morphological and clinical features of MEN1-associated endocrine and non-endocrine neoplasms and lesions.

[MeSH-major] Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / genetics. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / pathology. Germ-Line Mutation. Humans. Prevalence

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[Cites] Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb;101(2):266-73 [16454829.001]

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(PMID = 20960195.001).

[ISSN] 1432-1963

[Journal-full-title] Der Pathologe

[ISO-abbreviation] Pathologe

[Language] ger

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

   

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[Title] Global and regional CpG methylation in pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas: association to malignant behavior.

PURPOSE: This study aims to quantitatively assess promoter and global methylation changes in pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas and its relation to tumor phenotypes.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A panel of 53 primary tumors (42 benign, 11 malignant) was analyzed by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing.

Based on methylation levels in the tumor suppressor genes, p16(INK4A), CDH1, DCR2, RARB, RASSF1A, NORE1A, TP73, APC, DAPK1, p14(ARF), and PTEN, a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was defined as concerted hypermethylation in three or more genes.

RESULTS: Five primary tumors (9.4%) exhibited a CIMP phenotype, four of which were malignant paragangliomas.

CIMP was significantly associated with malignant behavior (P = 0.005) and younger age at presentation (P < 0.007) but did not result from BRAF V600E mutation.

Global hypomethylation of LINE-1 elements was observed in tumors compared with normal adrenal samples (P < 0.02).

CONCLUSION: We here describe the identification of CIMP in abdominal paragangliomas and a strong association of this phenotype with malignant behavior, as well as young age at presentation.

[MeSH-major] Abdominal Neoplasms / genetics. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. CpG Islands / genetics. DNA Methylation. Paraganglioma / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Promoter Regions, Genetic

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Female. Genes, Tumor Suppressor. Humans. Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / genetics. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 18451216.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Melanoma adrenal metastasis: natural history and surgical management.

BACKGROUND: Few data exist regarding melanoma metastasis to the adrenal gland.

METHODS: A retrospective review of melanoma patients with adrenal metastasis was performed.

RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four patients with adrenal metastasis were identified.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with melanoma adrenal metastasis have a poor prognosis.

Surgical treatment should be considered only in highly selected patients, such as those with limited extra-adrenal metastatic disease who can be rendered disease free.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / surgery. Melanoma / surgery. Skin Neoplasms / surgery

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(PMID = 18206850.001).

[ISSN] 1879-1883

[Journal-full-title] American journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA93459

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Chromosome Deletion. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / genetics

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(PMID = 17556075.001).

[ISSN] 0165-4608

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Letter

[Publication-country] United States

   

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At presentation, the tumor was confined to the liver in two patients and therefore surgically resected.

All five patients died from the tumor within 2 to 8 months.

The other three patients had metastatic choriocarcinoma in the lung (two patients), peritoneum (one patient), adrenal glands (one patient), and brain (one patient).

None of the patients had any evidence of a testicular tumor or scar after examination of the entirely submitted testes.

No tumor was observed in central nervous system, mediastinum, or other organs other than described above.

Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive for keratin, HCG, and focally positive for human placental lactogen.

[MeSH-major] Choriocarcinoma / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / secondary. Adult. Brain Neoplasms / secondary. Chorionic Gonadotropin / blood. Humans. Ki-67 Antigen / analysis. Lung Neoplasms / secondary. Male. Middle Aged. Peritoneal Neoplasms / secondary. Placental Lactogen / analysis

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(PMID = 20013345.001).

[ISSN] 1432-2307

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Chorionic Gonadotropin; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 9035-54-5 / Placental Lactogen

   

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[Title] What does the urologist expect from the pathologist (and what can the pathologists give) in reporting on adult kidney tumour specimens?

OBJECTIVE: To identify the parameters required by the urologist to determine the prognosis and the treatment of renal cancer in adults, and to establish the potential therapeutic targets of the new treatments that started to show clinical efficacy.

Criteria for nuclear grading should be different for the subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, and the WHO 2004 histological classification is clinically useful.

The TNM 2002 classification is useful, but some adjustments should be made, particularly as referred to the tumour size cut-off, assessment of the invasion of the renal sinus fat tissue, and invasion of the ipsilateral adrenal gland.

The Fuhrman's grading system is useful in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and probably also in papillary RCC, but a redefinition for chromophobe RCC is needed.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Renal Cell / pathology. Kidney / pathology. Kidney Neoplasms / pathology. Nephrectomy

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Neoplasm Staging. Pathology, Clinical

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[CommentIn] Eur Urol. 2007 May;51(5):1166-8; discussion 1168-70 [17257741.001]

(PMID = 17125908.001).

[ISSN] 0302-2838

[Journal-full-title] European urology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur. Urol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Number-of-references] 61

   

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[Title] Pheochromocytoma: advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization, and treatment.

Pheochromocytomas are rare, catecholamine-secreting tumors arising most frequently in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands.

Advances continue to be made not only in the genetic evaluation of these patients but also in the biochemical confirmation and tumor localization.

Surgery remains the definitive treatment, and advances in laparoscopic techniques as well as cortical-sparing procedures have reduced the morbidity associated with tumor resection.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms. Pheochromocytoma

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(PMID = 17548037.001).

[ISSN] 0889-8588

[Journal-full-title] Hematology/oncology clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Catecholamines

[Number-of-references] 88

   

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[Title] Management of patients with adrenal cancer: recommendations of an international consensus conference.

Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare, highly malignant tumors that account for only 0.2% of deaths due to cancer.

Given the limited number of patients seen in most medical centers with this diagnosis, series usually reported are small and clinical trials not randomized or blinded.

In an attempt to answer important questions concerning the management of patients with adrenal cancer, a consensus conference was organized and held at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI, 11-13 September 2003, with the participation of an international group of physicians who had reported on the largest series of patients with this disease and who had recognized basic and clinical research expertise in adrenal cortical cancer.

In addition to setting up guidelines in specific areas of the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal cancer, the conference recommended and initiated the planning of an international prospective trial for treatment of patients with adrenal cancer in stages III and IV.

In terms of new therapies, first trials of dendritic cell therapy in human subjects with adrenal cancer have been started, but it is too early to comment on efficacy.

There are no clinical gene therapy trials for human adrenal cortical cancer.

The adrenals are a preferred target for adenovirus and the results of gene therapy in preclinical studies are promising.

In addition, there is evidence that histone deacetylase inhibitors can further enhance the rate of adenoviral infectivity in human adrenal cancer cells.

The use of these and other agents in the treatment of adrenal cancer should be hypothesis-driven and based on a thorough analysis of tumor biology.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Neoplasm Staging

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(PMID = 16172199.001).

[ISSN] 1351-0088

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine-related cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. Relat. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M 01-RR000 42

[Publication-type] Consensus Development Conference; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 75

   

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Up to one third of all symptomatic presentations of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma are due to germline mutations in one of six genes defining multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, von Hippel-Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, and the paraganglioma syndromes types 1, 3, and 4.

This genetic classification forms the basis early diagnosis and follow-up including management of relatives.

Easily available clinical information such as tumor location and number, age, gender, and family history must be used to prioritize which gene should be tested.

Mutation carriers should undergo regular check-up to detect and treat metachronous paraganglial and extraparaganglial tumors, and depending on syndrome, other extraparaganglial neoplasias such as medullary thyroid cancer and renal clear cell carcinomas in time.

Adrenal and extraadrenal retroperitoneal tumors should be operated by surgeons highly experienced in minimal invasive, endoscopic techniques.

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / surgery. Adult. Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1. Germ-Line Mutation. Humans. Male. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / diagnosis. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / surgery. Succinate Dehydrogenase / genetics. Terminology as Topic. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / genetics

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(PMID = 19657044.001).

[ISSN] 1945-7197

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / SDHD protein, human; EC 1.3.99.1 / Succinate Dehydrogenase; EC 6.3.2.19 / VHL protein, human; EC 6.3.2.19 / Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2730863

   

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A benign virilizing adrenal adenoma is rare among adrenal neoplasms in middle-aged women.

Abdominal computed tomography showed a left adrenal tumor, and an adrenocortical scintigraphy revealed uptake of the tracer on the left side.

Histopathological features of resected adrenal tumor were consistent with those of adrenocortical adenoma.

Immunoreactivity of all the steroidogenic enzymes was apparent in the tumor cells and particularly dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST) immunoreactivity was markedly expressed.

Cortical atrophy and reduced expression of DHEA-ST were detected in the cortex of the adjacent non-neoplastic adrenal gland.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / complications. Adrenalectomy. Adrenocortical Adenoma / complications. Cushing Syndrome / complications. Insulin Resistance. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / therapy. Virilism / therapy

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[CommentIn] J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 Apr;31(4):380-1 [18475059.001]

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(PMID = 17318025.001).

[ISSN] 1720-8386

[Journal-full-title] Journal of endocrinological investigation

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Endocrinol. Invest.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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A sudden retroperitoneal hemorrhage may sometimes be the first symptom of the adrenal cancer.

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(PMID = 23675071.001).

[ISSN] 1550-9702

[Journal-full-title] International journal of biomedical science : IJBS

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Biomed Sci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3614665

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; adrenal cancer / retroperitoneal hemorrhage / steroids

   

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[Title] Gap junctions as modulators of adrenal cortical cell proliferation and steroidogenesis.

In the adrenal gland, as in most other tissues, intercellular communication provides the potential for regulation of a number of complex interactive cell processes including differentiation, steroidogenesis, migration, and proliferation.

This review is concerned with the regulation of gap junctions and cell function in cortical cells of the adrenal gland and in pathological disorders such as adrenal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Cortex. Cell Proliferation. Gap Junctions / metabolism. Steroids / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / metabolism. Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / physiopathology. Adrenal Medulla / cytology. Adrenal Medulla / physiology. Animals. Cell Movement / physiology. Connexins / metabolism

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(PMID = 18973789.001).

[ISSN] 0303-7207

[Journal-full-title] Molecular and cellular endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Connexins; 0 / Steroids

[Number-of-references] 55

   

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No evidence of recurrence in the intra- and extra hepatic organs such as adrenal gland, lung, bone, and brain except for intra abdominal solitary lymph node metastasis was observed.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / surgery. Hepatectomy. Liver Neoplasms / pathology. Liver Neoplasms / surgery. Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Humans. Lymph Node Excision. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. alpha-Fetoproteins / analysis

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(PMID = 17212152.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / alpha-Fetoproteins

   

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[Title] Robot-assisted excision of a retroperitoneal mass between the left renal artery and vein.

BACKGROUND: Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are rare.

METHODS: We present a case of a 64-year-old female with a 3.5-cm mass located between her left renal artery and vein, treated by a 4-port robot-assisted transperitoneal laparoscopic approach.

RESULTS: Careful dissection of the tumor away from the renal hilum was accomplished without major vascular injury.

A pedicle to the tumor was identified and ligated.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a peri-hilar excision of a pheochromocytoma using this approach.

CONCLUSION: Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are rare and can present in difficult locations.

While surgical excision may be challenging, the da Vinci Robot may be used effectively and safely for the treatment of these perihilar masses.

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(PMID = 21333207.001).

[ISSN] 1086-8089

[Journal-full-title] JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons

[ISO-abbreviation] JSLS

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3041050

   

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[Title] Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and the RET protooncogene: from bedside to bench to bedside.

Although the initial characterization of the various MEN-2 associated phenotypes (familial medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and 2B) evolved at the bedside, it was at the bench where the underlying RET (REarranged during Transfection) germline mutations were identified.

Molecular information has revolutionized our understanding and continues to transform the clinical management of this fascinating endocrine tumor syndrome of neural crest derivation, which consists of medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma.

With the continuing expansion of our knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms and our growing therapeutic abilities, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is gradually returning home to the bedside, closing the loop from bedside to bench to bedside.

[MeSH-major] Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma / genetics. Adenoma / pathology. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / pathology. Adrenal Medulla / pathology. Age Factors. Animals. Carcinoma, Medullary / genetics. Carcinoma, Medullary / pathology. Genotype. Germ-Line Mutation. Humans. Hyperplasia. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b / genetics. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b / pathology. Neural Crest / pathology. Parathyroid Neoplasms / genetics. Parathyroid Neoplasms / pathology. Phenotype. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / pathology. Syndrome. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 16343738.001).

[ISSN] 0303-7207

[Journal-full-title] Molecular and cellular endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret

[Number-of-references] 58

   

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[Title] Optimizing orthotopic cell transplantation in the mouse adrenal gland.

Orthotopic cell transplantation models are important for a complete understanding of cell-cell interactions as well as tumor biology.

In published studies of orthotopic transplantation in the mouse adrenal gland, human neuroblastoma cells have been shown to invade and occupy the adrenal, but in these investigations a true orthotopic model was not established.

Here we show an orthotopic model in which transplanted cells are retained within the adrenal gland by formation of a fibrin clot.

To establish an appropriate technique, we used brightly fluorescent 10 microm polystyrene microspheres injected into the mouse adrenal gland.

In the absence of fibrinogen/thrombin for clot formation, much of the injected material was extruded to the outside of the gland.

When the microspheres were injected in a fibrinogen/thrombin mixture, fluorescence was confined to the adrenal gland.

As a model neoplastic cell originating from the cortex of the gland, we used a tumorigenic bovine adrenocortical cell line.

When 3 x 10(5) cells were implanted orthotopically, by 16 days the cell mass had expanded and had invaded the cortex, whereas when 1 x 10(5) cells were used, tumor masses were much smaller.

When mice were sacrificed at different time points, we found that tumor growth resulting was progressive and that by 26 days cells there was extensive invasion into the cortex or almost complete replacement of the cortex with tumor cells.

Orthotopic transplantation of 3 x 10(5) cells resulted in extensive invasion and destruction of the gland by 26 days.

In summary, the present orthotopic model for intra-adrenal cell transplantation is valuable for investigation of growth of neoplastic cells of both cortical and medullary origin and should be useful for future studies of cortex-medulla interactions.

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(PMID = 20525431.001).

[ISSN] 1555-3892

[Journal-full-title] Cell transplantation

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell Transplant

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / AG012287-14; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / P01 AG020752-020006; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / AG020752-020006; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / P01 AG020752; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R37 AG012287-14; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / R37 AG012287

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 9001-31-4 / Fibrin; 9001-32-5 / Fibrinogen; EC 3.4.21.5 / Thrombin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS246503; NLM/ PMC3735364

   

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[Title] Tumor risks and genotype-phenotype-proteotype analysis in 358 patients with germline mutations in SDHB and SDHD.

Succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) and D (SDHD) subunit gene mutations predispose to adrenal and extraadrenal pheochromocytomas, head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGL), and other tumor types.

We report tumor risks in 358 patients with SDHB (n=295) and SDHD (n=63) mutations.

Risks of malignant pheochromocytoma and renal tumors (14% at age 70 years) were higher in SDHB mutation carriers; 55 different mutations (including a novel recurrent exon 1 deletion) were identified.

Analysis of the largest cohort of SDHB/D mutation carriers has enhanced estimates of penetrance and tumor risk and supports in silicon protein structure prediction analysis for functional assessment of mutations.

[MeSH-major] Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / genetics. Germ-Line Mutation. Paraganglioma / genetics. Pheochromocytoma / genetics. Succinate Dehydrogenase / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Child. Child, Preschool. DNA Mutational Analysis. Female. Genetic Predisposition to Disease. Genotype. Head and Neck Neoplasms / genetics. Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Young Adult

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[CommentIn] Hum Mutat. 2010 Jun;31(6):761-2 [20513144.001]

(PMID = 19802898.001).

[ISSN] 1098-1004

[Journal-full-title] Human mutation

[ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Mutat.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Department of Health / / DHCS/06/06/013

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / SDHD protein, human; EC 1.3.5.1 / SDHB protein, human; EC 1.3.99.1 / Succinate Dehydrogenase