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1. Rahimi M, Meletis EI, You S, Nguyen K: Formulation and characterization of novel temperature sensitive polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol; 2010 Sep;10(9):6072-81
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  • [Title] Formulation and characterization of novel temperature sensitive polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles.
  • To form these novel nanoparticles, silane-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as a template for a free radial polymerization of three monomers, N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide, and allylamine (NIPA-AAm-AH), on the surface of MNPs.
  • To investigate the chemical composition and chemical state of our nanoparticles, FTIR and XPS were used.
  • Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used in order to investigate the protein release profile of the nanoparticles as a function of the temperature.
  • The protein release profile indicated that the NIPA-AAm-AH coated MNPs have a significantly higher percent release at 41 degrees C compared to those of 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, which demonstrates their temperature sensitivity.
  • In the future, the release profile of therapeutic drugs from nanoparticles at various temperatures and pHs as well as targeted capability of the synthesized nanoparticles for possible applications in controlled and targeted delivery will be investigated.
  • [MeSH-minor] Acrylamides / chemistry. Animals. Cattle. Coated Materials, Biocompatible. Drug Carriers / chemistry. Drug Delivery Systems. In Vitro Techniques. Magnetics. Microscopy, Electron, Transmission. Nanotechnology. Particle Size. Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Polymers / chemistry. Serum Albumin, Bovine / administration & dosage. Serum Albumin, Bovine / pharmacokinetics. Silanes / chemistry. Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared. Temperature. Vinyl Compounds / chemistry

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  • (PMID = 21133151.001).
  • [ISSN] 1533-4880
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Nanosci Nanotechnol
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Acrylamides; 0 / Coated Materials, Biocompatible; 0 / Drug Carriers; 0 / Polymers; 0 / Serum Albumin, Bovine; 0 / Silanes; 0 / Vinyl Compounds; 0 / trimethoxyvinylsilane
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2. Thomas X: The role of timed sequential chemotherapy in adult acute myelogenous leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep; 2008 Apr;3(2):89-95
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  • Consecutive trials of timed sequential chemotherapy (TSC) have been conducted in adults with acute myelogenous leukemia.
  • The rationale for TSC was based on the observation that leukemic cells can be recruited synchronously into the cell cycle after initial intensive therapy, at which time they may become more susceptible to killing by chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Achieving complete remission is essential for prolonged disease-free survival and may affect long-term outcome.
  • TSC has led to higher rates of complete remission and has improved long-term outcomes.
  • This article reviews the results of important trials in which TSC was used as an induction regimen in de novo, relapsed, or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia or as postremission therapy.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Cell Cycle / drug effects. Clinical Trials as Topic. Drug Administration Schedule. Humans



3. Ackermans L, Temel Y, Visser-Vandewalle V: Deep brain stimulation in Tourette's Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics; 2008 Apr;5(2):339-44
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  • [Title] Deep brain stimulation in Tourette's Syndrome.
  • Tourette's Syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, often associated with behavioral disorders.
  • The pathophysiology of TS is still a matter of considerable debate.
  • Current knowledge of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits provide explanations for the beneficial effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on tics.
  • When conservative treatment fails in patients with severe TS, DBS may be a therapeutic option.
  • In 1999, thalamic DBS was introduced for intractable TS.
  • Since then, multiple targets have been used in a small number of patients, including the globus pallidus pars interna and the nucleus accumbens.
  • [MeSH-major] Deep Brain Stimulation / methods. Tourette Syndrome / therapy

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  • (PMID = 18394575.001).
  • [ISSN] 1933-7213
  • [Journal-full-title] Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Neurotherapeutics
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Review
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Number-of-references] 41
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4. Mort M, Ivanov D, Cooper DN, Chuzhanova NA: A meta-analysis of nonsense mutations causing human genetic disease. Hum Mutat; 2008 Aug;29(8):1037-47
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  • [Title] A meta-analysis of nonsense mutations causing human genetic disease.
  • Nonsense mutations account for approximately 11% of all described gene lesions causing human inherited disease and approximately 20% of disease-associated single-basepair substitutions affecting gene coding regions.
  • Tumor suppressor (TS) genes exhibit a disproportionate number of nonsense mutations while most mutations in oncogenes are missense.
  • A total of 12% of somatic nonsense mutations in TS genes were found to occur recurrently in the hypermutable CpG dinucleotide.
  • In a comparison of somatic and germline mutational spectra for 17 TS genes, approximately 43% of somatic nonsense mutations had counterparts in the germline (rising to 98% for CpG mutations).
  • Finally, the proportion of disease-causing nonsense mutations predicted to elicit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is significantly higher (P=1.56 x 10(-9)) than among nonobserved (potential) nonsense mutations, implying that nonsense mutations that elicit NMD are more likely to come to clinical attention.
  • [MeSH-major] Codon, Nonsense. Databases, Genetic. Genetic Diseases, Inborn

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  • (PMID = 18454449.001).
  • [ISSN] 1098-1004
  • [Journal-full-title] Human mutation
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Mutat.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / G0800509
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Codon; 0 / Codon, Nonsense
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5. Kamen BA: The 3 ts of therapy: typing, tailoring, and targeting. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol; 2008 Nov;30(11):789-90
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  • [Title] The 3 ts of therapy: typing, tailoring, and targeting.

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  • (PMID = 18989153.001).
  • [ISSN] 1536-3678
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Introductory Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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6. Liang S, Li A, Zhao M, Jiang H, Yu S, Meng X, Sun Y: Epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex: emphasis on surgical candidate and neuropsychology. Epilepsia; 2010 Nov;51(11):2316-21
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  • [Title] Epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex: emphasis on surgical candidate and neuropsychology.
  • PURPOSE: To discuss neuropsychological outcome and candidate of epilepsy surgery for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
  • METHODS: To retrospectively analyze clinical data of 25 patients with TSC and epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery between 2001 and 2007.
  • Seizure reduction was analyzed at 1-year (1FU), 2-year (2FU), and 5-year (5FU) follow-up visits after surgery, and outcomes of intelligence quotient (IQ) and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated at 2FU.
  • RESULTS: Resective procedures included 14 tuber resections, 9 lobectomies, and 2 tuber resections and lobectomies.
  • Corpus callosotomies (CCTs) were performed as the adjunctive approach in eight cases with low IQ and behavioral problems.
  • Significant improvement was found in performance IQ in patients with preoperative low IQ or CCT.
  • Significant improvement in mean QOL score was observed in all patients, especially patients with preoperative low IQ and CCT but postoperative seizure freedom.
  • CONCLUSION: To be surgical candidates, patients with TSC and epilepsy should have identified epileptogenic tubers, and candidates should include patients with low IQ and multiple epileptogenic tubers.
  • CCT could be performed as an adjunctive approach to resective operation for TSC patients with epilepsy and low IQ and render improvement of performance IQ and QOL.
  • [MeSH-major] Cognition Disorders / diagnosis. Epilepsy / surgery. Neuropsychological Tests / statistics & numerical data. Patient Selection. Postoperative Complications / diagnosis. Tuberous Sclerosis / surgery
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Anterior Temporal Lobectomy. Child. China. Corpus Callosum / physiopathology. Corpus Callosum / surgery. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Frontal Lobe / physiopathology. Frontal Lobe / surgery. Humans. Intelligence / physiology. Male. Neurosurgical Procedures. Occipital Lobe / physiopathology. Occipital Lobe / surgery. Patient Care Team. Quality of Life / psychology. Retrospective Studies. Young Adult



7. Wiśniewski A, Stupnicki R, Milde K, Szufladowicz-Woźniak J: [Turner's syndrome: subjects with a normal body mass at birth grow taller than born small for gestational age]. Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw; 2006;12(2):131-4
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  • [Title] [Turner's syndrome: subjects with a normal body mass at birth grow taller than born small for gestational age].
  • BACKGROUND: Body mass deficit at birth is one of the characteristic features observed in Turner's syndrome (TS).
  • Body mass is lower than expected for gestational age in about 90% of TS-babies, and is below -2 SD (i.e.
  • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the growth courses of TS-girls born with normal and deficient body mass.
  • PATIENTS: A group of 157 TS-girls, delivered at term (> or =38 weeks of gestation), were studied.
  • METHODS: Turner's syndrome was confirmed by chromosome analysis.
  • Postnatal body height and mass values were related to Polish norms for females with Turner's syndrome and to the norms for healthy female population.
  • RESULTS: In the spontaneously growing TS-girls from the AGA group, a total of 275 measurements of body mass and height were carried out, the respective numbers for DSGA and PSGA groups were 176 and 100.
  • Mean differences between the actual and expected body height for the AGA, DSGA and PSGA groups amounted to 0.40+/- 1.02, -0.21+/-0.88 and -0.95+/-0.80 SD TS, respectively, all means differing highly significantly (p<0.001) from each other.
  • CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that spontaneously growing girls with Turner's syndrome, who had a normal (for gestational age) body mass at birth, attain a higher stature than girls with body mass deficit.
  • [MeSH-major] Birth Weight. Body Height. Growth Disorders / epidemiology. Infant, Low Birth Weight / growth & development. Infant, Small for Gestational Age. Turner Syndrome / epidemiology. Turner Syndrome / physiopathology

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  • (PMID = 16813719.001).
  • [ISSN] 1234-625X
  • [Journal-full-title] Endokrynologia, diabetologia i choroby przemiany materii wieku rozwojowego : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologów Dziecięcych
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw
  • [Language] pol
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Poland
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8. Piedimonte LR, Wailes IK, Weiner HL: Tuberous sclerosis complex: molecular pathogenesis and animal models. Neurosurg Focus; 2006;20(1):E4
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  • [Title] Tuberous sclerosis complex: molecular pathogenesis and animal models.
  • Mutations in one of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, result in a similar disease phenotype by disrupting the normal interaction of their protein products, hamartin and tuberin, which form a functional signaling complex.
  • Disruption of these genes in the brain results in abnormal cellular differentiation, migration, and proliferation, giving rise to the characteristic brain lesions of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) called cortical tubers.
  • The most devastating complications of TSC affect the central nervous system and include epilepsy, mental retardation, autism, and glial tumors.
  • Relevant animal models, including conventional and conditional knockout mice, are valuable tools for studying the normal functions of tuberin and hamartin and the way in which disruption of their expression gives rise to the variety of clinical features that characterize TSC.
  • In the future, these animals will be invaluable preclinical models for the development of highly specific and efficacious treatments for children affected with TSC.
  • [MeSH-major] Disease Models, Animal. Tuberous Sclerosis / etiology. Tuberous Sclerosis / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins

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  • [RetractionIn] Jane JA Sr. Neurosurg Focus. 2006;21(1):e17 [16886289.001]
  • (PMID = 16459994.001).
  • [ISSN] 1092-0684
  • [Journal-full-title] Neurosurgical focus
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Neurosurg Focus
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Retracted Publication; Review
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / tuberous sclerosis complex 1 protein; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein
  • [Number-of-references] 64
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9. Ribeiro AS: Effects of coupling strength and space on the dynamics of coupled toggle switches in stochastic gene networks with multiple-delayed reactions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys; 2007 Jun;75(6 Pt 1):061903
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Effects of coupling strength and space on the dynamics of coupled toggle switches in stochastic gene networks with multiple-delayed reactions.
  • They have been interpreted as decision circuits in cell differentiation, a process long hypothesized to be bistable, or as cellular memory units.
  • Once a "decision" is made, the system must remain stable.
  • One way to gain stability is by duplicating the genes of a TS and coupling the two TSs.
  • For this, we introduce the coupling strength (C), a parameter to characterize the GRN structure, against which we compare the GRN stability (S).
  • We first show that time delays in transcription, associated to the promoter region release, ensure bistability of a TS, given no cooperative binding or self-activation reactions.
  • Three dynamical regimes are observed: (i) for weak coupling, high frequency synchronized oscillations, (ii) for average coupling, low frequency synchronized oscillations, and (iii) for strong coupling the system becomes stable after a transient, in one of two steady states.
  • The system stability, S, goes through a first order phase transition as C increases, in the average coupling regime.
  • After, we study the effects of spatial separation in two compartments on the dynamics of two coupled TSs, where spatial separation is modeled as normally distributed random time delayed reactions.
  • The phase transition of S, as C increases, occurs for lower values of C than when the two TSs are in the same compartment.
  • Finally, we couple weakly and homogeneously several TSs within a single compartment and observe that as the number of coupled TSs increases, the system goes through the phase transition in S, from oscillatory to stable and for C values lower than in the two previous cases.

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  • (PMID = 17677296.001).
  • [ISSN] 1539-3755
  • [Journal-full-title] Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
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10. D'Amato E, d'Annunzio G, Calcaterra V, Morsellino V, Larizza D, Lorini R: Horseshoe kidney malformation in Turner syndrome is not associated with HNF-1beta gene mutations. Pediatr Nephrol; 2008 Jan;23(1):137-40
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  • [Title] Horseshoe kidney malformation in Turner syndrome is not associated with HNF-1beta gene mutations.
  • Mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta) gene cause a subtype of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY5), whose clinical features are pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, renal malformations, and in some females, internal genital malformations.
  • Diabetes mellitus, horseshoe kidney, and X chromosome monosomy or mosaicism can be observed in Turner syndrome (TS).
  • To investigate whether mutations/polymorphisms of HNF-1beta and X monosomy influence horseshoe kidney development, we evaluated HNF-1beta gene sequence in 13 patients with TS and several kidney abnormalities.
  • We conclude there is no direct relationship between horseshoe kidney in TS and mutation or polymorphism of HNF-1beta gene, but we speculate that target gene(s) of HNF-1beta, likely mapped on the X chromosome, is/are responsible of the horseshoe kidney formation in TS.
  • [MeSH-major] Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta / genetics. Kidney / abnormalities. Mutation. Turner Syndrome / genetics. Turner Syndrome / pathology

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  • (PMID = 17922147.001).
  • [ISSN] 0931-041X
  • [Journal-full-title] Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr. Nephrol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 138674-15-4 / Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta
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11. Hayashi T, Kawahara H, Kobayashi S, Kashiwagi H, Hirai K, Yanaga K: Importance of thymidine phosphorylase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase expression at the invasive front of T3 rectal cancer as prognostic factors. Hepatogastroenterology; 2008 Mar-Apr;55(82-83):403-6
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  • BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated a relationship between postoperative recurrence and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression at the invasive front of T3 rectal cancer.
  • Paraffin-embedded sections of these patients were immunostained for TP, DPD and TS.
  • RESULTS: There was no relationship between expression of DPD or TS in the tumor cells and recurrences.
  • Although no relationship was present between expression of TP in the stromal cells around the invasive front of the tumor and postoperative recurrences, there was a strong correlation between expression of TP in the invasive front of the tumor and postoperative recurrence.
  • Moreover, by multivariate logistic regression analysis, TP expression in the tumor cells was the only independent contributory factor for postoperative recurrences (p = 0.021) with an odds ratio of 8.27.

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  • (PMID = 18613375.001).
  • [ISSN] 0172-6390
  • [Journal-full-title] Hepato-gastroenterology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hepatogastroenterology
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Greece
  • [Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.3.1.2 / Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; EC 2.4.2.4 / Thymidine Phosphorylase
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12. D'Addio G, Cesarelli M, Corbi G, Romano M, Furgi G, Ferrara N, Rengo F: Reproducibility of heart rate turbulence indexes in heart failure patients. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc; 2010;2010:2573-6
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  • [Title] Reproducibility of heart rate turbulence indexes in heart failure patients.
  • Cardiovascular oscillations following spontaneous ventricular premature complexes (VPC) are characterized by a short-term heart rate fluctuation known as heart rate turbulence (HRT) described by the so-called turbulence onset (TO) and slope (TS).
  • A paired t test was used to assess the clinical stability of patients during the study period and the number of PVC in Holter recordings' couples.
  • Both TO and TS indexes were calculated for each isolated VPC, and due to their skewed distribution, reproducibility of median and mean TO and TS was studied by Bland-Altman technique.
  • Results showed that median HRT indexes might be preferred to commonly suggested mean values and that, although TO showed lower bias value than TS, TS can be considered much more reproducible than TO, comparing limits of agreements with normal values.
  • This preliminary results suggest the use of medians instead of mean HRT indexes values and a reliability of the turbulence slope greater than the turbulence onset index.
  • [MeSH-minor] Aged. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Models, Cardiovascular. Models, Statistical. Oscillometry / methods. Reproducibility of Results. Time Factors

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  • (PMID = 21096173.001).
  • [ISSN] 1557-170X
  • [Journal-full-title] Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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13. Luya Schmidt A, Mach F: [Takotsubo syndrome: myth or reality?]. Rev Med Suisse; 2009 May 27;5(205):1184, 1186-8, 1190-2 passim
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  • [Title] [Takotsubo syndrome: myth or reality?].
  • [Transliterated title] Syndrome de Takotsubo: mythe ou réalité?
  • Takotsubo syndrome (TS) also named transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome is a particularly entity of the acute coronary syndrome with normal coronary arteries.
  • The aetiology and physiopathology of TS are subject to many hypothesis, sometime contradictory.
  • The typical image at the ventriculography is a systolic left ventricular apical ballooning reversible in a few days to weeks with an excellent prognostic.
  • The goal of this article is to review the actual knowledge about TS to help the general practitioner, aboard this entity in the management of an ACS.
  • [MeSH-major] Electrocardiography. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / diagnosis. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / physiopathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / therapeutic use. Biomarkers / blood. Creatine Kinase, MB Form / blood. Diagnosis, Differential. Diuretics / therapeutic use. Drug Therapy, Combination. Echocardiography. Female. Humans. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Risk Factors. Stress, Psychological / complications. Treatment Outcome. Troponin I / blood

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  • (PMID = 19517750.001).
  • [ISSN] 1660-9379
  • [Journal-full-title] Revue médicale suisse
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Rev Med Suisse
  • [Language] fre
  • [Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; Review
  • [Publication-country] Switzerland
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Diuretics; 0 / Troponin I; EC 2.7.3.2 / Creatine Kinase, MB Form
  • [Number-of-references] 16
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14. Collepardo-Guevara R, Craig IR, Manolopoulos DE: Proton transfer in a polar solvent from ring polymer reaction rate theory. J Chem Phys; 2008 Apr 14;128(14):144502
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  • When the A-H distance is used as the reaction coordinate, the ring polymer trajectories are found to exhibit multiple recrossings of the transition state dividing surface and to give a rate coefficient that is smaller than the quantum transition state theory value by an order of magnitude.
  • This is to be expected on kinematic grounds for a heavy-light-heavy reaction when the light atom transfer coordinate is used as the reaction coordinate, and it clearly precludes the use of transition state theory with this reaction coordinate.
  • As has been shown previously for this problem, a solvent polarization coordinate defined in terms of the expectation value of the proton transfer distance in the ground adiabatic quantum state provides a better reaction coordinate with less recrossing.

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  • (PMID = 18412454.001).
  • [ISSN] 0021-9606
  • [Journal-full-title] The Journal of chemical physics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Chem Phys
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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15. Damsa C, Borras L, Bianchi-Demicheli F, Andreoli A: [Alpha-thalassemias and bipolar disorders: a genetic link?]. Encephale; 2005 Jan-Feb;31(1 Pt 1):72-5
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  • After a previous paper discussing the possible association between beta-thalassemias and bipolar disorder, this article considers a possible association between alpha-thalassemia and the bipolar disorder.
  • We report the case of a 36 year old woman with bipolar disorder and alpha-thalassemia.
  • The patient, native of Reunion Island, has a family history of bipolar disorder (both parents, one brother, and a paternal uncle).
  • The severity of the bipolar disorder type I in her family, is illustrated by the suicides of both parents, one brother and the paternal uncle, in intervals of only a few years.
  • Some genetic studies described the existence of possible genetic susceptibility for bipolar disorder on the short arm of chromosome 16, close to the gene involved in certain alpha-thalassemias, on the region 16p13.3.
  • An interesting finding is that the sequencing of 258 kb of the chromosome region 16p13.3 not only allowed the identification of genes involved in the alpha-thalassemia and in the vulnerability to bipolar disorders, but also the identification of genes implicated in tuberous sclerosis, in polycystic kidney disease, in cataract with microophtalmia, and in vulnerability genetic factors for ATR-16 syndrome, asthma, epilepsy, certain forms of autism and mental retardation.
  • Numerous clinical descriptions and some familial studies on linkage suggested a possible relationship between tuberous sclerosis, polycystic kidney disease, cataract with microophtalmia, ATR-16 syndrome, asthma, epilepsy, certain forms of autism, mental retardation and bipolar disorder, given the closeness of these vulnerability genes on the short arm of the chromosome 16.
  • Taking into account the methodological difficulties due to the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of bipolar disorder, we suggest that linkage techniques should be used to confirm the presence of susceptibility genetic factor for bipolar disorders on chromosome 16.
  • Thus a known genetic disease (alpha-thalassemia) could contribute to confirming the presence on the short arm of chromosome 16 of a susceptibility genetic factor for bipolar disorders.
  • Linkage studies should be performed in families with a strong association for both diseases.
  • Thanks to linkage techniques, one could hope for an improvement in understanding the physiopathology of bipolar disorder, with possible implications at a therapeutic level.
  • [MeSH-major] Bipolar Disorder / complications. Bipolar Disorder / genetics. alpha-Thalassemia / complications. alpha-Thalassemia / genetics

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  • (PMID = 15971642.001).
  • [ISSN] 0013-7006
  • [Journal-full-title] L'Encéphale
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Encephale
  • [Language] fre
  • [Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] France
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16. Jacobs J, Rohr A, Moeller F, Boor R, Kobayashi E, LeVan Meng P, Stephani U, Gotman J, Siniatchkin M: Evaluation of epileptogenic networks in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using EEG-fMRI. Epilepsia; 2008 May;49(5):816-25
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  • [Title] Evaluation of epileptogenic networks in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using EEG-fMRI.
  • PURPOSE: Ninety percent of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have epilepsy.
  • METHODS: Five children with TSC and focal epilepsy were studied using simultaneous EEG and functional MRI recordings.
  • RESULTS: Thirteen different types of interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) were analyzed with 12 showing a BOLD response, all involving more than one tuber.
  • Five studies had tubers with activations exclusively within the lesion, three studies had lesional activations extending to perilesional areas, and two studies had activations involving exclusively perilesional areas of at least one tuber.
  • Deactivations exclusively within a tuber were found in six studies, lesional deactivations extending to perilesional areas were found in four studies, and tubers with exclusively perilesional deactivations were found in five studies.
  • A BOLD response was found in at least one tuber in the lobe of IED generation and presumed seizure onset (according to telemetry) in all patients.
  • DISCUSSION: These findings suggest extended epileptogenic networks in patients with TSC, which exceed networks described in PET and SPECT studies.
  • [MeSH-major] Brain Mapping / methods. Electroencephalography / methods. Epilepsy / physiopathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Tuberous Sclerosis / physiopathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Age Factors. Brain / physiopathology. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Male. Neural Pathways. Oxygen / blood. Preoperative Care



17. Zikou A, Ioannidou MC, Tzoufi M, Astrakas L, Argyropoulou MI: Magnetization transfer ratio measurements of the brain in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. Pediatr Radiol; 2005 Nov;35(11):1071-4
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  • [Title] Magnetization transfer ratio measurements of the brain in children with tuberous sclerosis complex.
  • BACKGROUND: Magnetization transfer contrast and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in brain are mainly related to the presence of myelin.
  • Neuropathological studies of brain lesions in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have demonstrated disordered myelin sheaths.
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the MTR of the brain in children with TSC and to compare with that in controls.
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients (aged 0.41-8.4 years, mean 2.5 years) with TSC and four age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated with classic MR sequences and with a three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence without and with magnetization transfer pre-pulse.
  • CONCLUSIONS: MTR measurements not only provide semiquantitative information for TSC lesions but also reveal more extensive disease.
  • [MeSH-major] Brain / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / methods. Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods. Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / pathology. Tuberous Sclerosis / pathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Infant. Male. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Severity of Illness Index



18. Wu HP, Huang CC, Cheng TL, Tseng WL: Sodium hydroxide as pretreatment and fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticles as sensor for the highly selective detection of cysteine. Talanta; 2008 Jul 15;76(2):347-52
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  • [Title] Sodium hydroxide as pretreatment and fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticles as sensor for the highly selective detection of cysteine.
  • When adding NaOH to a solution of HCys, the five-membered ring transition state is formed through intramolecular hydrogen abstraction.
  • By contrast, it is difficult for Cys to form a four-membered ring transition state after Cys has been pretreated with NaOH.
  • As a result, the HCys-induced aggregation of the FSN-capped AuNPs is suppressed because the five-membered ring transition state exhibits relatively larger steric hindrance and has stronger interaction with the FSN molecules.
  • Note that HCys and Cys have very similar structure and pK(a) value.
  • [MeSH-major] Cysteine / analysis. Metal Nanoparticles. Surface-Active Agents
  • [MeSH-minor] Fluorescent Dyes. Gold. Homocysteine / analysis. Homocysteine / urine. Humans. Kinetics. Methods. Sodium Hydroxide

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  • (PMID = 18585288.001).
  • [ISSN] 1873-3573
  • [Journal-full-title] Talanta
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Talanta
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Fluorescent Dyes; 0 / Surface-Active Agents; 0LVT1QZ0BA / Homocysteine; 55X04QC32I / Sodium Hydroxide; 7440-57-5 / Gold; K848JZ4886 / Cysteine
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19. Igartúa-Nieves E, Ocasio-Delgado Y, Torres-Castillo MD, Rivera-Betancourt O, Rivera-Pagán JA, Rodriguez D, López GE, Cortés-Figueroa JE: Electrochemistry and [60]fullerene displacement reactions of (dihapto-[60]fullerene) pentacarbonyl metal(0) (M = Cr, Mo, W). Dalton Trans; 2007 Apr 7;(13):1293-9
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  • A Jahn-Teller type distortion of the spherical surface of [60]fullerene promoted by [60]fullerene-metal pi-backbonding may explain the observed positive shifts.
  • Analysis of the activation parameters for the metal-[60]fullerene dissociation, the metal-[60]fullerene bond enthalpies (from DFT computations), and metal-solvent (benzene) bond enthalpies (from DFT computations) suggests appreciable solvent contribution to the transition state leading to formation of the intermediate species solvent-M(CO)(5).
  • Appreciable transition state stabilization due to solvation of the intermediate species is inferred for M = Mo and W.
  • For M = Cr, stabilization of the intermediate species due to solvation is not accompanied by the corresponding transition state stabilization.



20. Klingenberg M: Ligand-protein interaction in biomembrane carriers. The induced transition fit of transport catalysis. Biochemistry; 2005 Jun 21;44(24):8563-70
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  • [Title] Ligand-protein interaction in biomembrane carriers. The induced transition fit of transport catalysis.
  • A transition state is invoked in which the binding site assumes the best fit to the substrate, whereas in the two ground (internal and external) states, the fit is poor.
  • The maximum binding energy released in the transition state provides catalytic energy to enable the large carrier protein transformations associated with transport.
  • This "induced transition fit" (ITF) of carrier catalysis provides a framework of rules, concerning specificity, unidirectional versus exchange type transport, directing inhibitors to the ground state instead of the transition state, and excluding simultaneous chemical and transport catalysis (vectorial group translocation).
  • The analysis of the structure-function relationship based on new carrier structures may be challenged to account for the workings of the ITF.
  • [MeSH-major] Carrier Proteins / chemistry. Carrier Proteins / metabolism. Cell Membrane / metabolism. Enzymes / metabolism. Ligands

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  • (PMID = 15952762.001).
  • [ISSN] 0006-2960
  • [Journal-full-title] Biochemistry
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Biochemistry
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Enzymes; 0 / Ligands; 9068-80-8 / Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases
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21. Debes NM, Skov L, Hjalgrim H: [Tourette syndrome. Genetics, neuroanatomy and neurotransmitters]. Ugeskr Laeger; 2008 Aug 25;170(35):2695-700
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  • [Title] [Tourette syndrome. Genetics, neuroanatomy and neurotransmitters].
  • [Transliterated title] Tourettes syndrom. Genetik, neuroanatomi og neurotransmittere.
  • The etiology and pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS) have not yet been clarified.
  • The inheritance of TS is unknown; the etiology seems to be polygenic.
  • The basal ganglia are probably smaller in patients with TS.
  • ADHD results from a decreased concentration of dopamine and an increased concentration of noradrenaline.
  • [MeSH-major] Tourette Syndrome
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Animals. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / genetics. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / metabolism. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology. Basal Ganglia / anatomy & histology. Basal Ganglia / physiology. Brain / anatomy & histology. Brain / metabolism. Brain / physiology. Child. Dopamine / metabolism. Female. Genetic Predisposition to Disease. Humans. Male. Norepinephrine / metabolism. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / genetics. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / metabolism. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / physiopathology. Serotonin / metabolism. Tics / genetics. Tics / metabolism. Tics / physiopathology

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  • (PMID = 18761860.001).
  • [ISSN] 1603-6824
  • [Journal-full-title] Ugeskrift for laeger
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Ugeskr. Laeg.
  • [Language] dan
  • [Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review
  • [Publication-country] Denmark
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 333DO1RDJY / Serotonin; VTD58H1Z2X / Dopamine; X4W3ENH1CV / Norepinephrine
  • [Number-of-references] 40
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22. Yoshida S, Hayashi T, Ishii N, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Terao T, Watanabe T, Yamada T, Osada H: Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma coexistent with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis. Int Urol Nephrol; 2006;38(3-4):413-5
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  • [Title] Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma coexistent with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis.
  • A case of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma coexistent with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis was described, being in shock with massive hematuria.
  • Lymphangioleiomyomatosis has been suggested to be an incomplete expression of tuberous sclerosis.
  • Although coexisting renal and pulmonary involvement in tuberous sclerosis is rare, it is important to recognize lymphangioleiomyomatosis as a pulmonary involvement of angiomyolipoma with tuberous sclerosis.
  • [MeSH-major] Angiomyolipoma / complications. Kidney Neoplasms / complications. Lung Neoplasms / complications. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / complications. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / complications. Tuberous Sclerosis / complications



23. Tutaj M, Szczepanik M: Epicutaneous (EC) immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) induces TCRalphabeta+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive suppressor cells that protect from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Autoimmun; 2007 Jun;28(4):208-15
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  • [Title] Epicutaneous (EC) immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) induces TCRalphabeta+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive suppressor cells that protect from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with limited treatment modalities.
  • Oral tolerance is one of the experimental methods that protects from autoimmune diseases.
  • In our previous work we found that epicutaneous (EC) immunization with protein antigen induced a state of profound immunosuppression that inhibited inflammatory response in contact sensitivity, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in allogeneic skin graft rejection.
  • In our current work, we precisely determined the phenotype of EC induced T suppressor (Ts) cells that reduce the progress of EAE.
  • Employing TCRdelta-/-, CD1d-/- mice, we showed that EC induced Ts cells do not belong either to the population of TCRgammadelta cells or CD1d restricted NKT cells.
  • This might suggest that NKT cells could interfere with the induction of Ts cells.
  • Using beta2m-/- mice, negative selection and positive selection of EC induced Ts cells, we showed that Ts cells protecting from EAE belong to the population of TCRalphabeta+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive lymphocytes.
  • [MeSH-major] CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology. CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology. Multiple Sclerosis / prevention & control. Myelin Basic Protein / immunology. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / immunology
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Antigens, CD1 / genetics. Antigens, CD1 / immunology. Antigens, CD1d. Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / genetics. Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / immunology. Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / pathology. Female. Guinea Pigs. Immunization. Inflammation / genetics. Inflammation / immunology. Inflammation / pathology. Inflammation / prevention & control. Killer Cells, Natural / immunology. Killer Cells, Natural / pathology. Mice. Mice, Knockout. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / deficiency. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / immunology. Skin Transplantation. Transplantation, Homologous. beta 2-Microglobulin / deficiency. beta 2-Microglobulin / immunology

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  • (PMID = 17442539.001).
  • [ISSN] 0896-8411
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of autoimmunity
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Autoimmun.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD1; 0 / Antigens, CD1d; 0 / Myelin Basic Protein; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; 0 / beta 2-Microglobulin
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24. Ram R, Rosenbach A: Effects of ambient room temperature on cold air cooling during laser hair removal. J Cosmet Dermatol; 2007 Sep;6(3):203-6
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  • [Title] Effects of ambient room temperature on cold air cooling during laser hair removal.
  • Forced air cooling is a well-established technique that protects the epidermis during laser heating of deeper structures, thereby allowing for increased laser fluences.
  • The goal of this prospective study was to identify whether an elevation in ambient room temperature influences the efficacy of forced air cooling.
  • Skin surface temperatures were measured on 24 sites (12 subjects) during cold air exposure in examination rooms with ambient temperatures of 72 degrees F (22.2 degrees C) and 82 degrees F (27.8 degrees C), respectively.
  • Before cooling, mean skin surface temperature was 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) higher in the warmer room (P < 0.01).
  • Immediately after exposure to forced air cooling (within 1 s), the skin surface temperature remained considerably higher (10.75 degrees F, or 5.8 degrees C, P < 0.01) in the warmer room.
  • We conclude that forced air cooling in a room with an ambient temperature of 82 degrees F (27.8 degrees C) is not as effective as in a room that is at 72 degrees F (22.2 degrees C).
  • [MeSH-major] Hair Removal / methods. Laser Therapy / methods. Skin Temperature. Temperature
  • [MeSH-minor] Air. Cold Temperature. Humans. Lasers, Solid-State / therapeutic use. Prospective Studies

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  • (PMID = 17760700.001).
  • [ISSN] 1473-2165
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of cosmetic dermatology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Cosmet Dermatol
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] England
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25. Montoya A, Sendt K, Haynes BS: Gas-phase interaction of H2S with O2: A kinetic and quantum chemistry study of the potential energy surface. J Phys Chem A; 2005 Feb 17;109(6):1057-62
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  • [Title] Gas-phase interaction of H2S with O2: A kinetic and quantum chemistry study of the potential energy surface.
  • The basic mechanism, the rates of reaction, and the potential energy surface were calculated.
  • Isomers and transition states that connect the reactants with intermediates and products of reaction were identified using the G2 method and B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) functional.
  • Hydrogen abstraction to form HO2 + SH is the dominant product channel and proceeds through a loose transition state well-described at the level of calculation employed.
  • The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient in the range 300-3000 K has been determined on the basis of the ab initio potential energy surface and with variational transition-state theory.
  • The reaction is 169.5 kJ mol(-1) endothermic at 0 K with a rate constant given by 2.77 x 10(5) T(2.76) exp(-19 222/T) cm3 mol(-1) s(-1) and should proceed slowly under atmospheric thermal conditions, but it offers a route to the initiation of H2S combustion at relatively low temperatures.

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  • (PMID = 16833414.001).
  • [ISSN] 1089-5639
  • [Journal-full-title] The journal of physical chemistry. A
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Phys Chem A
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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26. Lin H, Zhang HF, Jiao HC, Zhao T, Sui SJ, Gu XH, Zhang ZY, Buyse J, Decuypere E: Thermoregulation responses of broiler chickens to humidity at different ambient temperatures. I. One week of age. Poult Sci; 2005 Aug;84(8):1166-72
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  • [Title] Thermoregulation responses of broiler chickens to humidity at different ambient temperatures. I. One week of age.
  • Three trials were conducted to investigate the effect of RH (35, 60, and 85%) on thermoregulation of 1-wk-old broiler chickens at different temperatures (35, 30, and 25 degrees C).
  • The response to humidity in rectal temperature and plumage temperature at the back and breast within 24 h after exposure were recorded at 5 time points (1,4,8,16, and 24 h).
  • Humidity affected the thermoregulation of 1-wk-old broiler chickens by redistributing heat within the body at high, low, and thermoneutral temperatures.
  • The redistribution of heat resulted in decreased rectal temperature and increased peripheral temperature, which were, respectively, beneficial and unfavorable at high and low temperatures.
  • These results suggested that feedback effects of surface temperature on core temperature also exist in poultry, as already observed in mammals, and could be induced not only by changed ambient temperature but also by the changes in humidity at high temperature.
  • The disturbance of thermal equilibrium could not be established solely by changes in RT, but rather core and surface temperatures had to be considered.
  • The daily rhythms in rectal and surface temperatures were affected by humidity.
  • [MeSH-major] Body Temperature Regulation / physiology. Chickens / physiology. Humidity. Temperature
  • [MeSH-minor] Aging. Animals. Housing, Animal. Time Factors

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  • (PMID = 16156198.001).
  • [ISSN] 0032-5791
  • [Journal-full-title] Poultry science
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Poult. Sci.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
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27. Hougland JL, Kravchuk AV, Herschlag D, Piccirilli JA: Functional identification of catalytic metal ion binding sites within RNA. PLoS Biol; 2005 Sep;3(9):e277
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  • In the Tetrahymena group I intron, previous work using atomic mutagenesis and quantitative analysis of metal ion rescue behavior identified three metal ions (MA, MB, and MC) that make five interactions with the ribozyme substrates in the reaction's transition state.
  • Our findings establish a direct connection between the ribozyme core and the functionally defined model of the chemical transition state, thereby extending the known set of transition-state interactions and providing information critical for the application of the recent group I intron crystallographic structures to the understanding of catalysis.

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  • (PMID = 16092891.001).
  • [ISSN] 1545-7885
  • [Journal-full-title] PLoS biology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] PLoS Biol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Databank-accession-numbers] PDB/ 1U6B/ 1X8W/ 1Y0Q
  • [Grant] United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM49243; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R37 GM049243; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / T32 GM008720; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM049243; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / 2 T32 GM008720-06
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cations, Divalent; 0 / Metals; 0 / RNA, Catalytic
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1184590
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28. Loukas M, Tubbs RS, Tongson JM, Polepalli S, Curry B, Jordan R, Wagner T: The clinical anatomy of the crista terminalis, pectinate muscles and the teniae sagittalis. Ann Anat; 2008;190(1):81-7
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  • We were able to classify the course of the PM, including the most prominent PM called the tenia sagittalis (TS), into 6 different patterns with 3 different TS types.
  • In Type A (15%), the TS was absent.
  • Type B (65%) demonstrated a single TS and Type C (20%) was characterized by the presence of multiple TS.
  • The exact morphology of PM and TS may be clinically important in right atrial catheterization procedures, as well as in the development of arrhythmias but further investigations are now necessary to prove this theory.

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  • (PMID = 18342146.001).
  • [ISSN] 0940-9602
  • [Journal-full-title] Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Anat.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
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29. Mednikova YS, Pasikova NV: The temperature sensitivity of the cholinergic responses of cortical neurons in the guinea pig brain. Neurosci Behav Physiol; 2005 Jul;35(6):615-21
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  • [Title] The temperature sensitivity of the cholinergic responses of cortical neurons in the guinea pig brain.
  • Studies on slices of the parietal cortex of the guinea-pig brain showed that a change in temperature from 20 degrees C to 36 degrees C led to increases in responses to microintophoretic application of acetylcholine to individual nerve cells.
  • The greatest changes occurred over two temperature ranges: 27-29 degrees C and 34-36 degrees C.
  • [MeSH-major] Acetylcholine / administration & dosage. Action Potentials / physiology. Biological Clocks / physiology. Parietal Lobe / physiology. Temperature
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Cells, Cultured. Guinea Pigs

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  • (PMID = 16342618.001).
  • [ISSN] 0097-0549
  • [Journal-full-title] Neuroscience and behavioral physiology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Neurosci. Behav. Physiol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] N9YNS0M02X / Acetylcholine
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30. Grichnik JM: Melanoma, nevogenesis, and stem cell biology. J Invest Dermatol; 2008 Oct;128(10):2365-80
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  • [Title] Melanoma, nevogenesis, and stem cell biology.
  • It is now well established that a subpopulation of tumor stem cells (TSCs) are present within cancer tissues.
  • This suggests that tumors evolve from stem cells; however, the exact cell of tumor origin, the potential role of dedifferentiation, and the role of plasticity in tumor development are largely unknown.
  • The developmental biology of melanocytes is relatively well understood, the cells pigment as they differentiate making them easy to identify, and benign and malignant tumors develop on the skin surface allowing direct observation of growth features, early detection, and removal.
  • This ready access to early-stage tumors will facilitate study of the early oncologic processes and the role of tissue stem cells.
  • Melanomas, like other cancers, include a subpopulation of TSCs.
  • These TSCs have access to embryologic developmental programs, including the capacity to differentiate along multiple cell lineages.
  • For example, melanomas can activate germ-cell pathways with major implications for TSC self-renewal through the activation of telomerase and genomic instability through the collision of meiotic and mitotic pathways (meiomitosis).
  • The TSC model is still evolving, but the existence of TSCs has significant ramifications for tumor development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of melanoma and other cancers.
  • [MeSH-major] Melanoma / etiology. Melanoma / pathology. Nevus / etiology. Nevus / pathology. Skin Neoplasms / etiology. Skin Neoplasms / pathology. Stem Cells / pathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Cell Differentiation. Cell Lineage. Cell Proliferation. Genomic Instability. Humans. Meiosis. Melanocytes / pathology



31. Jiang X, Yeung RS: Regulation of microtubule-dependent protein transport by the TSC2/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Cancer Res; 2006 May 15;66(10):5258-69
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  • Protein transport plays a critical role in the interaction of the cell with its environment.
  • Recent studies have identified TSC1 and TSC2, two tumor suppressor genes involved in tuberous sclerosis complex, as regulators of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
  • Cells deficient in TSC1 or TSC2 possess high levels of Rheb-GTP resulting in constitutive mTOR activation.
  • We have shown previously that the TSC1/TSC2 complex is involved in post-Golgi transport of VSVG and caveolin-1 in mammalian cells.
  • Tsc1- and Tsc2-null cells exhibit abnormal caveolin-1 localization that is accompanied by disorganized microtubules in the subcortical region.
  • Analyses of green fluorescent protein-EB1 and tubulin in live mutant cells suggest a failure of the plus-ends to sense cortical signals and to halt microtubule growth.
  • Down-regulation of CLIP-170, a putative mTOR substrate with microtubule-binding properties, rescued the abnormal microtubule arrangement and caveolin-1 localization in Tsc2-/- cells.
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Caveolin 1 / metabolism. Cells, Cultured. Down-Regulation. Mice. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism. Protein Transport / drug effects. Protein Transport / physiology. Rats. Signal Transduction. TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases. Transfection

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  • (PMID = 16707451.001).
  • [ISSN] 0008-5472
  • [Journal-full-title] Cancer research
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA77882
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Caveolin 1; 0 / Microtubule-Associated Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 148349-95-5 / cytoplasmic linker protein 170; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / mTOR protein, mouse
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32. Ferguson N, Sharpe TD, Johnson CM, Fersht AR: The transition state for folding of a peripheral subunit-binding domain contains robust and ionic-strength dependent characteristics. J Mol Biol; 2006 Mar 10;356(5):1237-47
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  • [Title] The transition state for folding of a peripheral subunit-binding domain contains robust and ionic-strength dependent characteristics.
  • The denaturant dependencies of the folding and unfolding kinetics were used to characterize the structure of the transition state for folding of E3BD, a peripheral subunit-binding domain.
  • The structure of the transition state for folding was grossly conserved at 298 K and 325 K, with residues in Helix I playing a lesser role in folding than those located in the 3(10) helix, disordered loop and Helix II.
  • However, the energetic contributions of a cluster of basic residues close to the N-terminus and Helix I, which are an integral part of the ligand-binding site, were susceptible to ionic strength effects because of electrostatic strain in native and transition states of E3BD at low ionic strength.
  • We found no evidence of the downhill folding previously proposed for E3BD, even though the conditions employed in this study significantly increased the energetic bias towards the native state.
  • [MeSH-minor] Osmolar Concentration. Recombinant Proteins / chemistry. Recombinant Proteins / genetics. Recombinant Proteins / metabolism. Static Electricity. Thermodynamics

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  • (PMID = 16406408.001).
  • [ISSN] 0022-2836
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular biology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Biol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / MC/ U105484373
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Bacterial Proteins; 0 / Protein Subunits; 0 / Recombinant Proteins
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33. Grünwald M, Dellago C: Transition state analysis of solid-solid transformations in nanocrystals. J Chem Phys; 2009 Oct 28;131(16):164116
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  • [Title] Transition state analysis of solid-solid transformations in nanocrystals.
  • The atomistic mechanisms of nucleation and growth in a structural transformation of pressurized CdSe nanocrystals are identified using transition path sampling computer simulation.
  • A committor-based transition state analysis is applied to extract activation enthalpies and activation volumes from transformation pathways at experimental conditions.
  • The qualitative dependence of activation enthalpies on nanocrystal size is in good agreement with experimental data and supports the observed nucleation mechanism, which is characterized by a critical nucleus of elongated shape located on the crystal surface.

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  • (PMID = 19894936.001).
  • [ISSN] 1089-7690
  • [Journal-full-title] The Journal of chemical physics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Chem Phys
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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34. da Silva G, Bozzelli JW: Variational analysis of the phenyl + O2 and phenoxy + O reactions. J Phys Chem A; 2008 Apr 24;112(16):3566-75
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  • Variational transition state analysis was performed on the barrierless phenyl + O2 and phenoxy + O association reactions.
  • Frequency calculations were performed for all reactants and products and at points along the potential energy surfaces, allowing us to evaluate thermochemical properties as a function of temperature according to the principles of statistical mechanics and the rigid rotor harmonic oscillator (RRHO) approximation.
  • The low-frequency vibrational modes corresponding to R-OO internal rotation were omitted from the RRHO analysis and replaced with a hindered internal rotor analysis using O3LYP/6-31G(d) rotor potentials.
  • Rate constants were calculated as a function of temperature (300-2000 K) and position from activation entropies and enthalpies, according to canonical transition state theory; these rate constants were minimized with respect to position to obtain variational rate constants as a function of temperature.
  • For the phenyl + O2 reaction, we identified the transition state to be located at a C-OO bond length of between 2.56 and 2.16 A (300-2000 K), while for the phenoxy + O reaction, the transition state was located at a CO-O bond length of 2.00-1.90 A.
  • Variational rate constants were fit to a three-parameter form of the Arrhenius equation, and for the phenyl + O2 association reaction, we found k(T) = 1.860 x 1013T-0.217 exp(0.358/T) (with k in cm3 mol-1 s-1 and T in K); this rate equation provides good agreement with low-temperature experimental measurements of the phenyl + O2 rate constant.

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  • (PMID = 18348555.001).
  • [ISSN] 1520-5215
  • [Journal-full-title] The journal of physical chemistry. A
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Phys Chem A
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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35. Uchida K, Danenberg PV, Danenberg KD, Grem JL: Thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, ERCC1, and thymidine phosphorylase gene expression in primary and metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tissue in patients treated on a phase I trial of oxaliplatin and capecitabine. BMC Cancer; 2008 Dec 23;8:386
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  • [Title] Thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, ERCC1, and thymidine phosphorylase gene expression in primary and metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tissue in patients treated on a phase I trial of oxaliplatin and capecitabine.
  • BACKGROUND: Over-expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumor tissue is associated with insensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
  • Over-expression of ERCC1 correlates with insensitivity to oxaliplatin (OX) therapy, while high thymidine phosphorylase (TP) levels predict for increased sensitivity to capecitabine (Xel).
  • Micro-dissected metastatic and primary tumors were analyzed for relative gene expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
  • Endpoints for the molecular analyses were correlation of median, first and third quartiles for relative gene expression of each target with response, time to treatment failure (TTF), and survival.
  • In paired samples, median mRNA levels were significantly higher in metastatic versus primary tumor (-fold): TS (1.9), DPD (3.8), ERCC1 (2.1) and TP (1.6).
  • A strong positive correlation was noted between DPD and TP mRNA levels in both primary (r = 0.693, p < 0.0005) and metastatic tissue (r = 0.697, p < 0.00001).
  • There was an association between TS gene expression and responsive and stable disease: patients whose intratumoral TS mRNA levels were above the median value had significantly greater risk of early disease progression (43% vs 17%), but this did not translate into a significant difference in TTF.
  • Patients whose TS mRNA levels in metastatic tumor tissue were below the median had a longer overall survival (median 417 vs 294 days, p = 0.042).
  • CONCLUSION: Target gene expression in primary tumor was significantly lower than that in paired metastatic tissue.
  • Lower expression of TS mRNA correlated with a lower chance of early PD with XelOX therapy and improved overall survival.

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  • (PMID = 19105824.001).
  • [ISSN] 1471-2407
  • [Journal-full-title] BMC cancer
  • [ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /
  • [Publication-type] Clinical Trial, Phase I; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Organoplatinum Compounds; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 04ZR38536J / oxaliplatin; 0W860991D6 / Deoxycytidine; 6804DJ8Z9U / Capecitabine; EC 1.3.1.2 / Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; EC 2.4.2.4 / Thymidine Phosphorylase; EC 3.1.- / ERCC1 protein, human; EC 3.1.- / Endonucleases; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2637882
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36. Vekilov PG, Galkin O, Pettitt BM, Choudhury N, Nagel RL: Determination of the transition-state entropy for aggregation suggests how the growth of sickle cell hemoglobin polymers can be slowed. J Mol Biol; 2008 Mar 28;377(3):882-8
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  • [Title] Determination of the transition-state entropy for aggregation suggests how the growth of sickle cell hemoglobin polymers can be slowed.
  • Sickle cell anemia is associated with the mutant hemoglobin HbS, which forms polymers in red blood cells of patients.
  • The entropy of the transition state for incorporation into a fiber is 95 J mol(-1) K(-1), very close to the known entropy of polymerization.
  • This agrees with a recent theoretical estimate for the hydrophobic interaction and suggests that the gain of entropy in the transition state is due to the release of the last layer of water molecules structured around contact sites on the surface of the HbS molecules.
  • This finding suggests that fiber growth can be slowed by components of the red cell cytosol, native or intentionally introduced, which restructure the hydration layer around the HbS molecules and thus lower the transition state entropy for incorporation of an incoming molecule into the growing fiber.

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  • (PMID = 18280499.001).
  • [ISSN] 1089-8638
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular biology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Biol.
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / PHS HHS / / G091474; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM037657-17; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM037657; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM37657; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM037657-17
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biopolymers; 0 / Hemoglobin, Sickle
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS80409; NLM/ PMC2596688
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37. Gloster TM, Davies GJ: Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state. Org Biomol Chem; 2010 Jan 21;8(2):305-20
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  • [Title] Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state.
  • Glycoside hydrolases, the enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, are ubiquitous in Nature and fundamental to existence.
  • Such rate enhancements mean that enzymes bind the substrate at the transition state with extraordinary affinity; the dissociation constant for the transition state is predicted to be 10(-22) M.
  • If inhibitors are designed to mimic the transition state, it should be possible to harness some of the transition state affinity, resulting in highly potent and specific drugs.
  • A number of criteria have been proposed to ascertain which of these inhibitors are true transition state mimics, but these features have only be critically investigated in a very few cases.
  • [MeSH-minor] Carbohydrate Metabolism. Humans. Hydrogen-Ion Concentration. Thermodynamics

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  • (PMID = 20066263.001).
  • [ISSN] 1477-0539
  • [Journal-full-title] Organic & biomolecular chemistry
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Org. Biomol. Chem.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United Kingdom / Wellcome Trust / / 082572
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; EC 3.2.1.- / Glycoside Hydrolases
  • [Number-of-references] 223
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2822703; NLM/ UKMS28709
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38. Gainer JL, Stennett AK, Murray RJ: The effect of trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) in a rat oleic acid model of acute lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther; 2005;18(3):213-6
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  • [Title] The effect of trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) in a rat oleic acid model of acute lung injury.
  • Trans sodium crocetinate is a novel drug, which has been shown previously to increase whole-body oxygen consumption during hemorrhagic shock.
  • TSC has been suggested to work by increasing the diffusion rate of oxygen through plasma rather than on a specific symptom of hemorrhagic shock and has been suggested as a general treatment for hypoxemia.
  • This study employed an oleic acid model of acute lung injury to determine if TSC could increase arterial PO2 in that model.
  • [MeSH-major] Antioxidants / therapeutic use. Carotenoids / therapeutic use. Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult / drug therapy

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  • (PMID = 15707856.001).
  • [ISSN] 1094-5539
  • [Journal-full-title] Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Pulm Pharmacol Ther
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antioxidants; 20TC155L9C / crocetin; 2UMI9U37CP / Oleic Acid; 36-88-4 / Carotenoids
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39. Zhu Y, Liu PZ, Leung KM, Su LY, Wu DX, Zhou M: P300 differences exist between Tourette's syndrome with and without attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder in children. World J Biol Psychiatry; 2006;7(2):91-8
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  • [Title] P300 differences exist between Tourette's syndrome with and without attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder in children.
  • OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of P300 in Tourette's syndrome (TS) with and without attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • METHOD: Auditory evoked P300 were recorded in 19 TS only (TS-ADHD) children, 15 TS with ADHD (TS + ADHD) children and 20 unaffected control subjects, and their waveforms, amplitudes, latencies and topographies were compared at Fz, Cz, C3, C4 and Pz.
  • RESULTS: The TS + ADHD group showed shorter latencies than control subjects at all electrode sites (P<0.05 or 0.01), and the TS-ADHD group at CZ and PZ (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between control subjects and the TS-ADHD group.
  • The TS-ADHD group showed smaller amplitudes than the control group at all electrode sites (P<0.05), and the TS + ADHD group at Cz (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences between control subjects and the TS + ADHD group.
  • There was no significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal waveforms between the control, TS, TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD groups, but there were significant differences in the variability of localization of P300 between the control and the TS group (P=0.003), control and TS + ADHD groups (P=0.000), and the TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD groups (P=0.039).
  • P300 in the TS + ADHD group tended to spread out to the left and that of the TS-ADHD group tended to spread out to the right.
  • CONCLUSIONS: P300 differences exist between TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD in children.
  • These suggested that establishment different development defects or delay of communications between different structures rather than a delay in maturation of the structures themselves may be involved in TS + ADHD and TS-ADHD children and ADHD symptoms in TS patients are likely a trait rather than adventitious or acquired within the TS syndrome.
  • [MeSH-major] Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology. Evoked Potentials, Auditory. Tourette Syndrome / physiopathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Acoustic Stimulation. Adolescent. Child. Female. Humans. Intelligence Tests. Male. Reaction Time. Retrospective Studies

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  • (PMID = 16684681.001).
  • [ISSN] 1562-2975
  • [Journal-full-title] The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
  • [ISO-abbreviation] World J. Biol. Psychiatry
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Scotland
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40. Weichhart T, Costantino G, Poglitsch M, Rosner M, Zeyda M, Stuhlmeier KM, Kolbe T, Stulnig TM, Hörl WH, Hengstschläger M, Müller M, Säemann MD: The TSC-mTOR signaling pathway regulates the innate inflammatory response. Immunity; 2008 Oct 17;29(4):565-77
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  • [Title] The TSC-mTOR signaling pathway regulates the innate inflammatory response.
  • Here, we showed that the tuberous sclerosis complex-mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC-mTOR) pathway regulated inflammatory responses after bacterial stimulation in monocytes, macrophages, and primary dendritic cells.
  • Rapamycin-hyperactivated monocytes displayed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) cell- and Th17 cell-polarizing potency.
  • These data identify the TSC2-mTOR pathway as a key regulator of innate immune homeostasis with broad clinical implications for infectious and autoimmune diseases, vaccination, cancer, and transplantation.
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology. Female. Humans. Inflammation / immunology. Inflammation / metabolism. Lipopolysaccharides / immunology. Listeria monocytogenes / immunology. Mice. Mice, Inbred BALB C. Mice, Knockout. NF-kappa B / metabolism. STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism. Signal Transduction. Sirolimus / pharmacology. TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases. Th1 Cells / immunology. Th1 Cells / metabolism. Tuberous Sclerosis

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  • (PMID = 18848473.001).
  • [ISSN] 1097-4180
  • [Journal-full-title] Immunity
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Immunity
  • [Language] eng
  • [Databank-accession-numbers] GEO/ GSE6002
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Bacterial Agents; 0 / Cytokines; 0 / Lipopolysaccharides; 0 / NF-kappa B; 0 / STAT3 Transcription Factor; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / MTOR protein, human; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / mTOR protein, mouse; W36ZG6FT64 / Sirolimus
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41. Chierchia GB, Capulzini L, de Asmundis C, Sarkozy A, Roos M, Paparella G, Boussy T, Van Camp G, Kerkhove D, Brugada P: First experience with real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography-guided transseptal in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace; 2008 Nov;10(11):1325-8
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  • [Title] First experience with real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography-guided transseptal in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.
  • AIMS: Transseptal (TS) puncture during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is a relatively safe procedure in experienced hands.
  • Real-time three-dimensional transeosophageal echocardiography (RT 3D TEE) is a novel imaging technology that permits direct visualization of the fossa ovalis in a 3D perspective, thereby sensibly lowering the likelihood of potential adverse effects during TS.
  • In our study, we describe the technique and assess the feasibility, advantages, and safety of this novel imaging method in guiding TS puncture in a series of consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation.
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed TS puncture guided by RT 3D TEE under general anaesthesia in 24 consecutive patients (16 male, 55.4 +/- 8.1 years) undergoing ablation for drug refractory AF.
  • The fossa ovalis could clearly be seen and easily be distinguished from surrounding anatomical structures in all 24 patients.
  • Total fluoroscopic time was 120.6 +/- 34 s.
  • CONCLUSION: Real-time three-dimensional transeosophageal is a very useful tool in guiding TS puncture in patients undergoing AF ablation with the invaluable advantage of the 3D direct visualization of the fossa ovalis.

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  • (PMID = 18835940.001).
  • [ISSN] 1532-2092
  • [Journal-full-title] Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Europace
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] England
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42. Albracht K, Arampatzis A, Baltzopoulos V: Assessment of muscle volume and physiological cross-sectional area of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo. J Biomech; 2008 Jul 19;41(10):2211-8
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  • The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether it is possible to predict the individual muscle volumes within the triceps surae (TS) muscle group by means of easily measurable parameters based on a theoretical consideration.
  • A further objective was to verify the use of the available literature data to assess the contribution of each muscle of the group to the entire TS volume or physiological cross-sectional-area (PCSA).
  • Therefore, magnetic resonance images of the right calf of 13 male subjects were acquired and each muscle of the TS was reconstructed.
  • The size of the fraction depends on muscle shape and its coefficient of variance among the examined population was considerable low (soleus 6%, gastrocnemius 4% and gastrocnemius lateralis 7%) in the present study.
  • Further, the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis accounted on average for about 52+/-3%, 32+/-2% and 16+/-2% of the total TS volume and 62+/-5%, 26+/-3% and 12+/-2% of the entire TS PCSA, respectively.

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  • (PMID = 18555257.001).
  • [ISSN] 0021-9290
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of biomechanics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Biomech
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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43. Vernieuw CR, Stephenson LA, Kolka MA: Thermal comfort and sensation in men wearing a cooling system controlled by skin temperature. Hum Factors; 2007 Dec;49(6):1033-44
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  • [Title] Thermal comfort and sensation in men wearing a cooling system controlled by skin temperature.
  • OBJECTIVE: The study was done to determine whether thermal comfort (TC), thermal sensation (TS), and subjective factors gauging environmental stress were negatively affected with different cooling methods in men exercising in chemical protective clothing.
  • The circulating fluid in the cooling garment was provided during exercise to the head (6% body surface area [BSA]), torso (22% BSA), and thighs (44% BSA) and manipulated under three methods: (a) CC, (b) pulsed cooling (PC), and (c) PC activated by mean skin temperature (T(sk)) control (PC(skin)).
  • TC and TS ratings were recorded every 20 min during the 80-min test.
  • RESULTS: TC and TS ratings were not different for PC(skin) and CC; thus the participants perceived PC(skin) as being similar to CC.
  • TS was significantly warmer with PC than with PC(skin) and CC (p < .001).
  • In PC(skin), T(sk) was significantly higher than in PC and CC (p < .001), and PC(skin) was rated as being not as warm as PC according to TS.
  • [MeSH-major] Body Temperature Regulation. Heat Exhaustion / prevention & control. Protective Clothing. Skin Temperature

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  • (PMID = 18074702.001).
  • [ISSN] 0018-7208
  • [Journal-full-title] Human factors
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hum Factors
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hazardous Substances
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44. Mollard P, Woorons X, Letournel M, Cornolo J, Lamberto C, Beaudry M, Richalet JP: Role of maximal heart rate and arterial O2 saturation on the decrement of VO2max in moderate acute hypoxia in trained and untrained men. Int J Sports Med; 2007 Mar;28(3):186-92
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  • Seventeen healthy males, nine trained endurance athletes (TS) and eight untrained individuals (US) were studied.
  • The decrement in HR (max) (DeltaHR (max)) was significant from 1000 m for TS and 2500 m for US and more important in TS than US (at 1500 m and 3500 m).
  • At maximal exercise, TS had a greater reduction in SaO (2) (DeltaSaO (2)) at each altitude.
  • DeltaHR (max) observed in TS was correlated with DeltaSaO (2).
  • However, a multiple regression analysis demonstrated that DeltaSaO (2) alone may account for DeltaV.O (2max).
  • Furthermore, in spite of a greater reduction in SaO (2) and HR (max) in TS, no difference was evidenced in relative DeltaV.O (2max) between groups.

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  • (PMID = 17024632.001).
  • [ISSN] 0172-4622
  • [Journal-full-title] International journal of sports medicine
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Int J Sports Med
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
  • [Chemical-registry-number] S88TT14065 / Oxygen
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45. Weiner HL, Carlson C, Ridgway EB, Zaroff CM, Miles D, LaJoie J, Devinsky O: Epilepsy surgery in young children with tuberous sclerosis: results of a novel approach. Pediatrics; 2006 May;117(5):1494-502
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  • [Title] Epilepsy surgery in young children with tuberous sclerosis: results of a novel approach.
  • OBJECTIVE: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with medically refractory epilepsy and developmental delay in children and usually results from cortical tubers.
  • Previous reports have shown modest benefit from surgical resection of single tubers/seizure foci in older children; however, many children with TSC develop uncontrolled seizures before age 1.
  • METHODS: Of 110 consecutive children who underwent epilepsy surgery by a single surgeon in the past 6 years, 25 patients (9 boys and 16 girls) had TSC.
  • At the time of their first surgery at our institution, they were a median age of 4.0 years.
  • A total of 31 separate admissions for epilepsy surgery in these 25 patients were identified.
  • CONCLUSIONS: This approach can help to identify both primary and secondary epileptogenic zones in young TSC patients with multiple tubers.
  • Multiple or bilateral seizure foci are not necessarily a contraindication to surgery.
  • [MeSH-major] Epilepsies, Partial / surgery. Tuberous Sclerosis / complications
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Brain Mapping. Child. Child, Preschool. Electrodes, Implanted. Female. Humans. Male. Monitoring, Physiologic. Neurosurgical Procedures / methods



46. Ben-Aroya S, Pan X, Boeke JD, Hieter P: Making temperature-sensitive mutants. Methods Enzymol; 2010;470:181-204
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  • [Title] Making temperature-sensitive mutants.
  • The study of temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutant phenotypes is fundamental to gene identification and for dissecting essential gene function.
  • In this chapter, we describe two "shuffling" methods for producing Ts mutants using a combination of PCR, in vivo recombination, and transformation of diploid strains heterozygous for a knockout of the desired mutation.
  • In the "plasmid" version, the product is a knockout mutant carrying a centromeric plasmid carrying the Ts mutant.
  • In the "chromosomal" version, The Ts alleles are integrated directly into the endogenous locus, albeit not in an entirely native configuration.

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  • [Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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  • (PMID = 20946811.001).
  • [ISSN] 1557-7988
  • [Journal-full-title] Methods in enzymology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Meth. Enzymol.
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA016519-34; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA016519; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA016519-34
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS191056; NLM/ PMC2957654
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47. Laín A, García-Casillas MA, Matute JA, Cañizo A, Parente A, Fanjul M, Carrera N, Vázquez J: [Tracheal stenosis: outcome analysis of the last 14 years]. Cir Pediatr; 2008 Jul;21(3):138-42
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  • [Transliterated title] Estenosis traqueal: análisis de los resultados obtenidos en los últimos 14 años.
  • Tracheal stenosis (TS) is an unusual and sometimes lethal condition.
  • AIM: Analyze the outcome of patients with TS diagnosed and treated in our institution realted to the applied surgical technique during the study period.
  • MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical records of patients with TS (period 1991 to 2006) were reviewed analyzing the following variables: age, gender, associated malformations, intubation time, medium hospital stay and outcome.
  • In the tracheoplasty-group there were 2 exitus (1 due to a neurological lesion after a prolonged preoperative cardiorrespiratory arrest, one due to a surgical treatment delay with previous inadequate management).
  • No statistically significant differences were found in the medium intubation time, medium hospital stay and medium follow-up time.
  • Short segmental TS should be corrected with RTA, long TS with tracheoplasties (slide), remaining the TAIC technique obsolete.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Humans. Infant. Male. Retrospective Studies. Time Factors

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  • (PMID = 18756866.001).
  • [ISSN] 0214-1221
  • [Journal-full-title] Cirugía pediátrica : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Cir Pediatr
  • [Language] spa
  • [Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Spain
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48. Miyake M, Tateishi U, Maeda T, Kusumoto M, Satake M, Arai Y, Sugimura K: Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a male patient with tuberous sclerosis complex. Radiat Med; 2005 Nov;23(7):525-7
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  • [Title] Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a male patient with tuberous sclerosis complex.
  • Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that occurs almost exclusively in women of reproductive age.
  • The correct diagnosis may be delayed by several years after the onset of symptoms because of the rarity of the disease and the need for chest CT scans to identify the lung involvement.
  • We describe a case of pulmonary LAM in a male patient associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), in whom the early stage of disease could be depicted by chest HRCT scans.
  • [MeSH-major] Lung Neoplasms / radiography. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / radiography. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Tuberous Sclerosis / radiography
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Diagnosis, Differential. Humans. Male. Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted



49. Park CM, Lee WY, Chun HK, Cho YB, Yun HR, Heo JS, Yun SH, Kim HC: Relationship of polymorphism of the tandem repeat sequence in the thymidylate synthase gene and the survival of stage III colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-flurouracil-based chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol; 2010 Jan 1;101(1):22-7
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the different polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene, novel G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR), may be related with disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage III colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • DNA was extracted from fresh tumor tissue and sequenced.
  • Patients with TS genotypes of 2R3G, 3C3G, or 3G3G were assigned to a high expression group, and those with 2R2R, 2R3C, or 3C3C, to a low expression group.
  • RESULTS: Frequencies of the TS tandem repeat polymorphisms among the tumor genotypes were 6.0% in 2R2R, 25.4% in 2R3R, and 68.7% in 3R3R.
  • The low expression group included 52 patients (25.9%), and the high expression group included 149 patients (74.1%).
  • Groups classified according to possession of VNTR, SNP, and low- or high-expression genotypes did not differ significantly in DFS.
  • CONCLUSIONS: TS polymorphisms do not predict clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Fluorouracil / administration & dosage. Genotype. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Staging

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  • (PMID = 19798689.001).
  • [ISSN] 1096-9098
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of surgical oncology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Surg Oncol
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil
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50. Kano Y, Ohta M, Nagai Y, Spector I, Budman C: Rage attacks and aggressive symptoms in Japanese adolescents with tourette syndrome. CNS Spectr; 2008 Apr;13(4):325-32
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  • [Title] Rage attacks and aggressive symptoms in Japanese adolescents with tourette syndrome.
  • OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to explore possible causes of rage attacks as well as clinically significant aggressive symptoms in Japanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS).
  • Eighteen subjects (62.1%) were diagnosed with TS only, 11 (37.9%) with TS and comorbidities, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Child Behavior Checklist ratings to compare 11 aggressive and 12 non-aggressive subjects <16 years of age revealed elevated t-test scores on the anxious/depressed, thought problems, aggressive, internalizing, externalizing subscales, and total scale in the aggressive group versus the non-aggressive group.
  • CONCLUSION: Rage attacks and clinically significant aggressive symptoms are common problems in Japanese TS youth.
  • [MeSH-major] Aggression / psychology. Rage. Tourette Syndrome / diagnosis
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Child. Comorbidity. Cross-Sectional Studies. Female. Humans. Japan. Male. Mental Disorders / diagnosis. Mental Disorders / epidemiology. Mental Disorders / psychology. Personality Assessment



51. Baldin AD, Armani MC, Morcillo AM, Lemos-Marini SH, Baptista MT, Maciel-Guerra AT, Guerra Júnior G: [Body proportions in a group of Brazilian patients with Turner Syndrome]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol; 2005 Aug;49(4):529-35
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  • [Title] [Body proportions in a group of Brazilian patients with Turner Syndrome].
  • [Transliterated title] Proporções corporais em um grupo de pacientes brasileiras com síndrome de Turner.
  • OBJECTIVE: The first Brazilian study aimed to evaluate body proportions in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) with no growth hormone treatment.
  • METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 50 TS patients (5 to 43 years) evaluating age, karyotype, pubertal development, height, sitting height, arm span, weight, BMI, head circumference, length of hand, foot and leg, waist to hip ratio, biacromial and biiliac diameters.
  • A descriptive analysis was done and Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance was applied.
  • CONCLUSION: The retardation of growth in TS occurs mainly on the longitudinal axis, and the results showed in this study are similar to the Danish report.
  • [MeSH-major] Anthropometry / methods. Body Weights and Measures / methods. Turner Syndrome / pathology

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  • (PMID = 16358081.001).
  • [ISSN] 0004-2730
  • [Journal-full-title] Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol
  • [Language] por
  • [Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Brazil
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52. Huang C, Liu D, Masuya D, Nakashima T, Kameyama K, Ishikawa S, Ueno M, Haba R, Yokomise H: Clinical application of biological markers for treatments of resectable non-small-cell lung cancers. Br J Cancer; 2005 Apr 11;92(7):1231-9
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  • [Title] Clinical application of biological markers for treatments of resectable non-small-cell lung cancers.
  • We performed a clinical study to identify biological markers useful for the treatment of resectable non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).
  • By immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the Ki-67 proliferation index, tumour vascularity, thymidylate synthase (TS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C, and E (epithelial)-cadherin.
  • The Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.02) and TS status (P<0.01) were significant prognostic factors in patients with stage II-III NSCLCs.
  • In patients with stage II-III NSCLCs, furthermore, the survival of UFT (a combination of tegafur and uracil)-treated patients with TS-negative tumours was significantly better than those of any other patients.
  • In contrast, tumour proliferation rate and TS status are useful markers for identifying less aggressive tumours in locally advanced NSCLCs.
  • [MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / immunology. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / immunology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasm Staging / methods
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Cell Proliferation. Female. Growth Substances / analysis. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Ki-67 Antigen / analysis. Male. Middle Aged. Neovascularization, Pathologic. Patient Care Planning. Predictive Value of Tests. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity. Thymidylate Synthase / analysis

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  • (PMID = 15785747.001).
  • [ISSN] 0007-0920
  • [Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Growth Substances; 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2361974
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53. Tanabe K, Yoshida K, Hamai Y, Ukon K, Hihara J, Toge T: [A case of remnant gastric cancer with multiple bone metastasis and peritoneal dissemination; efficacy of combination therapy of docetaxel and TS-1]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho; 2005 Jul;32(7):1037-40
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  • [Title] [A case of remnant gastric cancer with multiple bone metastasis and peritoneal dissemination; efficacy of combination therapy of docetaxel and TS-1].
  • She was diagnosed as remnant gastric cancer with multiple bone metastasis and peritoneal dissemination.
  • Treatment with docetaxel and TS-1 was started with the following regimen: daily oral administration of 100 mg/body TS-1 for 14 days, followed by a 7 day rest and infusion of 40 mg/m2 docetaxel on day 1.
  • Two months after the initial administration of docetaxel/TS-1, the sites of the remnant gastric cancer and bone metastasis were reduced in size, and the ALP returned to almost the normal level.
  • Currently (nine months after diagnosis), she is undergoing therapy with TS-1.
  • The combination of docetaxel and TS-1 can be a new tool for the management of gastric cancer with bone metastasis.

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  • (PMID = 16044969.001).
  • [ISSN] 0385-0684
  • [Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho
  • [Language] jpn
  • [Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Japan
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Drug Combinations; 0 / Pyridines; 0 / Taxoids; 150863-82-4 / S 1 (combination); 1548R74NSZ / Tegafur; 15H5577CQD / docetaxel; 5VT6420TIG / Oxonic Acid
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54. Singh V, Evans GB, Lenz DH, Mason JM, Clinch K, Mee S, Painter GF, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Lee JE, Howell PL, Schramm VL: Femtomolar transition state analogue inhibitors of 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem; 2005 May 6;280(18):18265-73
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  • [Title] Femtomolar transition state analogue inhibitors of 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase from Escherichia coli.
  • Hydrolysis of MTA by E. coli MTAN involves a highly dissociative transition state with ribooxacarbenium ion character.
  • Iminoribitol mimics of MTA at the transition state of MTAN were synthesized and tested as inhibitors.
  • DADMe-Immucillins are better inhibitors of E. coli MTAN, since they are more closely related to the highly dissociative nature of the transition state.
  • Replacing the 5'-methyl group with other hydrophobic groups gave 17 transition state analogue inhibitors with dissociation constants from 10(-12) to 10(-14) m.
  • The inhibitory potential of these transition state analogue inhibitors supports a transition state structure closely resembling a fully dissociated ribooxacarbenium ion.
  • The accompanying article reports crystal structures of MTAN with these analogues.



55. Inoki K, Ouyang H, Li Y, Guan KL: Signaling by target of rapamycin proteins in cell growth control. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev; 2005 Mar;69(1):79-100
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  • [Title] Signaling by target of rapamycin proteins in cell growth control.
  • TOR proteins integrate signals from growth factors, nutrients, stress, and cellular energy levels to control cell growth.
  • The ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP1) are two cellular targets of TOR kinase activity and are known to mediate TOR function in translational control in mammalian cells.
  • One of the recent breakthrough studies in TOR signaling resulted in the identification of the tuberous sclerosis complex gene products, TSC1 and TSC2, as negative regulators for TOR signaling.
  • Here we review the current understanding of the regulation of TOR signaling and discuss its function as a signaling nexus to control cell growth during normal development and tumorigenesis.
  • [MeSH-major] Cell Division / physiology

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  • (PMID = 15755954.001).
  • [ISSN] 1092-2172
  • [Journal-full-title] Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Review
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / MTOR protein, human; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • [Number-of-references] 279
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1082789
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56. Dubbeldam D, Beerdsen E, Calero S, Smit B: Dynamically corrected transition state theory calculations of self-diffusion in anisotropic nanoporous materials. J Phys Chem B; 2006 Feb 23;110(7):3164-72
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  • [Title] Dynamically corrected transition state theory calculations of self-diffusion in anisotropic nanoporous materials.
  • We apply the dynamically corrected transition state theory to confinements with complex structures.
  • This method is able to compute self-diffusion coefficients for adsorbate-adsorbent systems far beyond the time scales accessible to molecular dynamics.
  • The anisotropic behavior of ERI-type cages reverses with loading, i.e., at low loading the diffusion in the z direction is two times faster than in the xy direction, while for higher loadings this changes to a z diffusivity that is more than two times slower.
  • At low loading the diffusion is impeded by the eight-ring windows, i.e., the exits out of the cage to the next, but at higher loadings the barrier is formed by the center of the cages.

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  • (PMID = 16494324.001).
  • [ISSN] 1520-6106
  • [Journal-full-title] The journal of physical chemistry. B
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Phys Chem B
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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57. Di Nardo A, Kramvis I, Cho N, Sadowski A, Meikle L, Kwiatkowski DJ, Sahin M: Tuberous sclerosis complex activity is required to control neuronal stress responses in an mTOR-dependent manner. J Neurosci; 2009 May 6;29(18):5926-37
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  • [Title] Tuberous sclerosis complex activity is required to control neuronal stress responses in an mTOR-dependent manner.
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and frequently results in prominent CNS manifestations, including epilepsy, mental retardation, and autism spectrum disorder.
  • The TSC1/TSC2 protein complex plays a major role in controlling the Ser/Thr kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a master regulator of protein synthesis and cell growth.
  • In this study, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates TSC1/TSC2 complex to limit mTOR activity.
  • In addition, Tsc2-deficient rat hippocampal neurons and brain lysates from a Tsc1-deficient mouse model demonstrate both elevated ER and oxidative stress.
  • Neurons lacking a functional TSC1/TSC2 complex have increased vulnerability to ER stress-induced cell death via the activation of the mitochondrial death pathway.
  • These observations indicate that ER stress modulates mTOR activity through the TSC protein complex and that ER stress is elevated in cells lacking this complex.
  • They also suggest that some of the neuronal dysfunction and neurocognitive deficits seen in TSC patients may be attributable to ER and oxidative stress and therefore potentially responsive to agents moderating these pathways.

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  • (PMID = 19420259.001).
  • [ISSN] 1529-2401
  • [Journal-full-title] The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Neurosci.
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / P30 HD018655; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS058956-02; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / P01 NS024279; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS058956; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS058956-02
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Ddit3 protein, mouse; 0 / Lactones; 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; 0 / Reactive Oxygen Species; 0 / Sesquiterpenes; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / tuberous sclerosis complex 1 protein; 11089-65-9 / Tunicamycin; 147336-12-7 / Transcription Factor CHOP; 2ZD004190S / Threonine; 452VLY9402 / Serine; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; 67526-94-7 / thapsigargicin; EC 1.14.99.3 / Heme Oxygenase-1; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); EC 2.7.1.1 / MTOR protein, human; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / mTOR protein, mouse; EC 2.7.1.1 / mTOR protein, rat
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS115539; NLM/ PMC2691854
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58. Ess DH, Nielsen RJ, Goddard WA 3rd, Periana RA: Transition-state charge transfer reveals electrophilic, ambiphilic, and nucleophilic carbon-hydrogen bond activation. J Am Chem Soc; 2009 Aug 26;131(33):11686-8
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  • [Title] Transition-state charge transfer reveals electrophilic, ambiphilic, and nucleophilic carbon-hydrogen bond activation.
  • Absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis of C-H activation transition states (TSs), including Pt, Au, Ir, Ru, W, Sc, and Re metal centers, shows an electrophilic, ambiphilic, and nucleophilic charge transfer (CT) continuum irrespective of the bonding paradigm (oxidative addition, sigma-bond metathesis, oxidative hydrogen migration, 1,2-substitution).
  • In this ambiphilic activation regime, an increase in one direction of CT typically leads to a decrease in the reverse direction.



59. Cohen E, Sade M, Benarroch F, Pollak Y, Gross-Tsur V: Locus of control, perceived parenting style, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with Tourette's syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 2008 Aug;17(5):299-305
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  • [Title] Locus of control, perceived parenting style, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with Tourette's syndrome.
  • AIM: This study explored the contribution of two psychosocial factors, locus of control (LOC) and perceived parenting style, to symptoms of internalizing disorders in children with Tourette syndrome (TS).
  • This contribution was further evaluated in relation to TS severity.
  • METHODS: Sixty-five children (53 boys, 12 girls) ages 9.0-16.9 years, of normal intelligence, completed questionnaires evaluating their depression and anxiety symptoms, LOC, and maternal parenting style.
  • Their mothers rated TS severity, determined by tic severity, symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS).
  • CONCLUSIONS: Rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with TS are markedly influenced by psychosocial factors, extending beyond the influence of ADHD and OCD, both common comorbid disorders in TS.
  • [MeSH-major] Anxiety Disorders / psychology. Conduct Disorder / psychology. Depressive Disorder / psychology. Internal-External Control. Parenting / psychology. Tourette Syndrome / psychology
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / psychology. Child. Comorbidity. Female. Humans. Israel. Male. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / diagnosis. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / psychology. Personality Assessment. Personality Inventory. Risk Factors

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  • (PMID = 18301938.001).
  • [ISSN] 1018-8827
  • [Journal-full-title] European child & adolescent psychiatry
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
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60. Swaroop Mr, Nischal Kc, Rajesh Gowda Cm, Umashankar Nu, Basavaraj Hb, Sathyanarayana Bd: Radiofrequency ablation of adenoma sebaceum. J Cutan Aesthet Surg; 2008 Jul;1(2):89-91
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  • [Title] Radiofrequency ablation of adenoma sebaceum.
  • Adenoma sebaceum is one of the diagnostic features of tuberous sclerosis.
  • Laser treatment is expensive and any form of treatment for adenoma sebaceum is not a one-time procedure but is a recurring process as the condition is genetic in aetiology.
  • We hereby report a case of tuberous sclerosis in whom we ablated the lesions by radiofrequency technique with acceptable results.

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  • (PMID = 20300351.001).
  • [ISSN] 0974-5157
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Cutan Aesthet Surg
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] India
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2840910
  • [Keywords] NOTNLM ; Adenoma sebaceum / disfigurement / radiofrequency / tuberous sclerosis
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61. Fariña-Sarasqueta A, Gosens MJ, Moerland E, van Lijnschoten I, Lemmens VE, Slooter GD, Rutten HJ, van den Brule AJ: TS gene polymorphisms are not good markers of response to 5-FU therapy in stage III colon cancer patients. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst); 2010;33(1):1-11
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  • [Title] TS gene polymorphisms are not good markers of response to 5-FU therapy in stage III colon cancer patients.
  • AIM: Although the predictive and prognostic value of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and gene polymorphism in colon cancer has been widely studied, the results are inconclusive probably because of methodological differences.
  • With this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of TS gene polymorphisms genotyping in therapy response in stage III colon carcinoma patients treated with 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-untranslated region of the TS gene were genotyped.
  • CONCLUSION: We conclude that the TS VNTR and SNP do not predict response to 5-FU therapy in patients with stage III colon carcinoma.
  • However, age appears to modify the effects of TS polymorphisms on survival.

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  • [ErratumIn] Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2011 Aug;34(4):407-8
  • (PMID = 20966539.001).
  • [ISSN] 2210-7185
  • [Journal-full-title] Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam)
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Anal Cell Pathol (Amst)
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Netherlands
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4605551
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62. Mink JW, Walkup J, Frey KA, Como P, Cath D, Delong MR, Erenberg G, Jankovic J, Juncos J, Leckman JF, Swerdlow N, Visser-Vandewalle V, Vitek JL, Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc: Patient selection and assessment recommendations for deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord; 2006 Nov;21(11):1831-8
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  • [Title] Patient selection and assessment recommendations for deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome.
  • In response to recent publicity regarding the potential use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for reducing tic severity in Tourette's syndrome (TS), the Tourette Syndrome Association convened a group of TS and DBS experts to develop recommendations to guide the early use and potential clinical trials of DBS for TS and other tic disorders.
  • [MeSH-major] Deep Brain Stimulation / methods. Health Planning Guidelines. Patient Selection. Tourette Syndrome / therapy

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  • [CommentIn] Mov Disord. 2007 Jul 15;22(9):1366; author reply 1367-8 [17516487.001]
  • [CommentIn] Mov Disord. 2007 Jul 15;22(9):1366-7; author reply 1367-8 [17469199.001]
  • (PMID = 16991144.001).
  • [ISSN] 0885-3185
  • [Journal-full-title] Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Mov. Disord.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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63. Tang R, Yu B, Zhang K, Chen D: Effects of supplementing two levels of magnesium aspartate and transportation stress on pork quality and gene expression of micro-calpain and calpastatin of finishing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr; 2008 Oct;62(5):415-25
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  • Then six pigs from each dietary treatment were subjected either to no transportation stress (NTS) or 2 h of transportation stress (TS).
  • Transportation stress resulted in higher concentrations (p < 0.01) of serum calcium, glucose and cortisol, lower pH (p < 0.01), higher Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (p < 0.05) and higher calpastatin mRNA abundance (p = 0.05) of longissimus muscle (LM) compared with NTS treatments.
  • Supplementation of MgAsp in TS treatments increased serum Mg concentration (p < 0.05) at 2000 mg of Mg/kg, reduced drip loss (p < 0.05) and improved pork quality colour (p < 0.05) at 2000 mg of Mg/kg, and decreased 1-day and 3-day WBSF (p < 0.05) at 1000 mg of Mg/kg compared with TS treatments fed the control diet.
  • [MeSH-minor] Animal Feed. Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / physiology. Animals. Dietary Supplements. Dose-Response Relationship, Drug. Male. Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry. Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Random Allocation. Time Factors. Transportation

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  • (PMID = 18942588.001).
  • [ISSN] 1745-039X
  • [Journal-full-title] Archives of animal nutrition
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Arch Anim Nutr
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Calcium-Binding Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 30KYC7MIAI / Aspartic Acid; 79079-11-1 / calpastatin; EC 3.4.22.- / Calpain
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64. Waters T, O'Hair RA: Endocyclic versus exocyclic mechanisms for methyl migration in protonated N,N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester); 2009;15(2):105-12
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  • A recent paper has suggested that an endocyclic methyl transfer pathway occurs in competition with methylamine loss for protonated N,N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine under conditions of low-energy collision induced dissociation [X. Zhang, S. Yao and Y.
  • Therefore, in order to gain additional insights into the competition between methylamine loss and methyl transfer in this system, DFT calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory for a number of competing mechanisms.
  • Three mechanisms were considered for loss of methylamine: (i) a 1,2-elimination reaction to give N-methylallylamine (TS = 276.7 kJ mol(-1));.
  • (ii) a neighbouring group reaction to give N-methylazitidine (TS = 146.4 kJ mol(-1)); and (iii) a 1,3-hydride shift to give N-methyl-1-propylimine (TS = 248.5 kJ mol(-1)).
  • Accordingly, the neighbouring group pathway is expected to be kinetically favoured and dominate under conditions of low-energy collision-induced dissociation.
  • Similarly, three different mechanisms were considered for intramolecular methyl transfer: (i) the previously proposed endocyclic reaction involving backside attack with inversion of configuration (TS = 252.3 kJ mol(-1));.
  • (ii) the previously proposed endocyclic reaction involving frontside attack with retention of configuration (TS = 272.4 kJ mol(-1));.
  • (iii) a multi-step mechanism which combines the neighbouring group pathway for methylamine loss and combinations of S(N)2 and proton transfer reactions within a series of ion-molecule complexes (highest TS = 201.7 kJ mol(-1)).
  • These results suggest that the alternative pathway proposed here for methyl transfer should be preferred under conditions of low energy collision- induced dissociation.

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  • (PMID = 19423897.001).
  • [ISSN] 1469-0667
  • [Journal-full-title] European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England)
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Diamines; 0 / Ions; 0 / Methylamines; 0 / N,N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine; 0 / Protons; 2229-07-4 / methyl radical; BSF23SJ79E / methylamine; OP0UW79H66 / Methane
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65. Lesma E, Sirchia SM, Ancona S, Carelli S, Bosari S, Ghelma F, Montanari E, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A: The methylation of the TSC2 promoter underlies the abnormal growth of TSC2 angiomyolipoma-derived smooth muscle cells. Am J Pathol; 2009 Jun;174(6):2150-9
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  • [Title] The methylation of the TSC2 promoter underlies the abnormal growth of TSC2 angiomyolipoma-derived smooth muscle cells.
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disease that is caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene.
  • Smooth muscle-like cells (ASMs) were isolated from an angiomyolipoma of a patient with TSC.
  • These cells lacked tuberin, were labeled by both HMB45 and CD44v6 antibodies, and had constitutive S6 phosphorylation.
  • The cells bear a germline TSC2 intron 8-exon 9 junction mutation, but DNA analysis and polymerase chain reaction amplification failed to demonstrate loss of heterozygosity.
  • These cells were named TSC2(-/meth) ASMs.
  • In addition, rapamycin effectively blocked the proliferation of these cells.
  • Our data show for the first time that methylation of the TSC2 promoter might cause a complete loss of tuberin in TSC2 cells, and that the pathogenesis of angiomyolipomas might also originate from epigenetic defects in smooth muscle cells.
  • Additionally, the effect of chromatin-remodeling agents in these cells suggests a further avenue for the treatment of TSC as well as lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adult. Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / pharmacology. Antigens, Neoplasm. Apoptosis / drug effects. Blotting, Western. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. DNA Mutational Analysis. Germ-Line Mutation. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Nick-End Labeling. Kidney Neoplasms / genetics. Kidney Neoplasms / metabolism. Kidney Neoplasms / pathology. Male. Melanoma-Specific Antigens. Microscopy, Fluorescence. Neoplasm Proteins. Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics. Sirolimus / pharmacology. Tuberous Sclerosis / complications. Tuberous Sclerosis / genetics. Tuberous Sclerosis / pathology

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  • (PMID = 19443708.001).
  • [ISSN] 1525-2191
  • [Journal-full-title] The American journal of pathology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Pathol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Melanoma-Specific Antigens; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; W36ZG6FT64 / Sirolimus
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2684180
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66. Xu L, Doubleday CE, Houk KN: Dynamics of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of diazonium betaines to acetylene and ethylene: bending vibrations facilitate reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl; 2009;48(15):2746-8
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  • Getting the bends: The dynamics of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions have been explored by decomposing transition vector, quasi-classical trajectories, and single trajectories.
  • Dipole bending (see picture) makes the largest contribution to the TS distortion energy and constitutes the major part of transition-state distortion energy in the favored concerted pathway.

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  • (PMID = 19235191.001).
  • [ISSN] 1521-3773
  • [Journal-full-title] Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
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67. Zhang X, Bruice TC: The proficiency of a thermophilic chorismate mutase enzyme is solely through an entropic advantage in the enzyme reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18356-60
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  • The transition state (TS) structures and partial atom charges are much the same in the enzymatic and water reactions.
  • The difference in the electrostatic interactions of Arg-89 with O13 in the enzyme-substrate complex and enzyme-TS complex provides the latter with but 0.55 kcal/mol of 1.92 kcal/mol total TS stabilization.
  • Differences in electrostatic interactions between components at the active site in the enzyme-substrate complex and enzyme-TS complex are barely significant, such that TS stabilization is of minor importance and the enzymatic catalysis is through an entropic advantage.

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  • (PMID = 16344484.001).
  • [ISSN] 0027-8424
  • [Journal-full-title] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / 5R37DK9174-41
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] EC 5.4.99.5 / Chorismate Mutase; GI1BLY82Y1 / Chorismic Acid
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1317962
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68. Fu T, Zhao H, Zeng J, Zhong M, Shi C: Two-color optical charge-coupled-device-based pyrometer using a two-peak filter. Rev Sci Instrum; 2010 Dec;81(12):124903
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  • [Title] Two-color optical charge-coupled-device-based pyrometer using a two-peak filter.
  • The effective and simple method adjusts the fixed spectrum response characteristics of a color CCD to allow improved temperature measurements.
  • This pyrometer system not only has the advantage of traditional two-color (two-wavelength) pyrometry, but also overcomes the restrictions of color CCDs that can only be applied in waveband measurements.
  • The measurement performance of the system using a two-peak filter (λ(1)=643 nm, λ(2)=564 nm) was evaluated by blackbody experiments.
  • The results show that the low temperature detection limit is increased about 200 K with an increase in the sensitivity of the measured signals compared with the original system without two-peak filter [Fu, et al., Opt.
  • And the effective temperature range is also increased when T > 1233 K.
  • The measured ratio C(R)/C(G) is monotonically relative to the temperature, which simplifies the measurements.
  • The temperature sensitivity of 2.49 is larger and more uniform than the temperature sensitivity of 1.36 in the previous original system.
  • Thus, the measurement performance of the new system is greatly improved.
  • Finally, as an application, the surface temperature distribution of stainless steel sample in hot environments was determined by this new CCD-based pyrometer.
  • The results agree well with the spectrometer-based results and further verify the applicability of the new system.

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  • (PMID = 21198043.001).
  • [ISSN] 1089-7623
  • [Journal-full-title] The Review of scientific instruments
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Rev Sci Instrum
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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69. Christen M, Kunz AP, van Gunsteren WF: Sampling of rare events using hidden restraints. J Phys Chem B; 2006 Apr 27;110(16):8488-98
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  • It makes use of distance or dihedral-angle restraints to overcome an energy barrier separating two metastable states or to stabilize a transition state between the two metastable states.
  • In order not to perturb these metastable end states themselves, a prefactor is introduced into the restraining energy function, which smoothly increases the weight of this function from zero to one at the transition state or on top of the separating energy barrier and then decreases the weight again to zero at the final state.
  • As first example the free energy difference of a cyclic alpha-aminoxy-hexapeptide-ion complex upon changing the ion from Cl- to Na+ was calculated.
  • Stabilizing the transition state by (hidden) restraints facilitates that.
  • In unrestrained simulations the change from the 4C1 into the 1C4 conformation was never observed because of the high energy barrier separating the two states.
  • Using (hidden) restraints, the transition from the 4C1 into the 1C4 state and back could be enforced without perturbing the end states.

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  • [ErratumIn] J Phys Chem B. 2008 Sep 11;112(36):11446
  • (PMID = 16623536.001).
  • [ISSN] 1520-6106
  • [Journal-full-title] The journal of physical chemistry. B
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Phys Chem B
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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70. Assefa G, Alemie B: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (KTW) syndromes association of two complete phakomatoses in a single individual. Ethiop Med J; 2010 Oct;48(4):315-20
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  • [Title] Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (KTW) syndromes association of two complete phakomatoses in a single individual.
  • Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (KTW) syndromes are phakomatoses which are believed to be inherited separately were associated in a 21 years old female, with no family history of similar illness presented with facial rash of reddish spots or bumps, facial angiofibroma (adenoma cebaceum), which appeared on the nose and cheeks in a butterfly distribution, and sub ependymal calcific nodules on brain CT, and multiple liver, pancreas hamartomas and multiple angiomyolipomas and cysts of both kidney on ultrasound, which is consistent with a sporadic TSC, in addition, the diagnostic triad of KTW involved the left upper limb : cutaneous naevi a vascular anomaly, soft tissue and osteohypertrophy.
  • This is the second reported association of the fully developed symptomatology of TSC and KTW in one person in Ethiopian setting.
  • [MeSH-major] Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome / complications. Tuberous Sclerosis / complications
  • [MeSH-minor] Brain / radiography. Female. Humans. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Ultrasonography. Young Adult

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  • (PMID = 21280434.001).
  • [ISSN] 0014-1755
  • [Journal-full-title] Ethiopian medical journal
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Ethiop. Med. J.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Ethiopia
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71. Davis CH, Deerfield D 2nd, Wymore T, Stafford DW, Pedersen LG: A quantum chemical study of the mechanism of action of Vitamin K carboxylase (VKC) III. Intermediates and transition states. J Mol Graph Model; 2007 Sep;26(2):409-14
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  • [Title] A quantum chemical study of the mechanism of action of Vitamin K carboxylase (VKC) III. Intermediates and transition states.
  • A reaction path including transition states is generated for the Dowd mechanism [P. Dowd, R.
  • The geometries of the proposed model intermediates and transition states in the mechanism are energy optimized.
  • [MeSH-minor] Hydroquinones / chemistry. Hydroquinones / metabolism. Models, Chemical. Models, Molecular. Molecular Structure. Vitamin K / chemistry. Vitamin K / metabolism

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  • (PMID = 17182265.001).
  • [ISSN] 1093-3263
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular graphics & modelling
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Graph. Model.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL-06350; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL-48318; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / RR06009
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hydroquinones; 12001-79-5 / Vitamin K; EC 6.4.- / Carbon-Carbon Ligases
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72. Jing H, Liu H, Pointing SB: Identification and characterization of thermophilic Synechococcus spp. isolates from Asian geothermal springs. Can J Microbiol; 2007 Apr;53(4):480-7
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  • Two thermophilic cyanobacterial strains, Ts and Bs, collected from Asian geothermal springs were identified morphologically and phylogenetically as Synechococcus in the order Chroococcales and were isolated into axenic cultures.
  • Strain Ts had elevated levels of photoprotective pigments such as carotenoid and scytonemin even after prolonged culture under identical laboratory conditions, whereas strain Bs produced more chlorophyll a per unit cell volume, perhaps resulting from UV adaptation in the natural habitats.
  • In addition, strain Ts had more content than strain Bs in terms of the total fatty acids and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.

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  • (PMID = 17612602.001).
  • [ISSN] 0008-4166
  • [Journal-full-title] Canadian journal of microbiology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Can. J. Microbiol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Canada
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Bacterial Proteins; 0 / Fatty Acids; 0 / RNA, Bacterial; 0 / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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73. Okumura K, Mekata E, Shiomi H, Naitoh H, Abe H, Endo Y, Kurumi Y, Tani T: Expression level of thymidylate synthase mRNA reflects 5-fluorouracil sensitivity with low dose and long duration in primary colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol; 2008 Apr;61(4):587-94
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Expression level of thymidylate synthase mRNA reflects 5-fluorouracil sensitivity with low dose and long duration in primary colorectal cancer.
  • METHODS: Primary colorectal cancer tissue from 24 patients was investigated to evaluate the relationship between the mRNA expression level of several 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related metabolic enzymes (thymidylate synthase, TS; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, DPD; and thymidine phosphorylase, TP) and chemosensitivity to two different 5-FU doses and duration (1: 5-FU concentration 1.0 microg/mL (7.68 microM), 24 h exposure and 2: 5-FU concentration 0.3 microg/mL (2.30 microM), 144 h exposure).
  • Chemosensitivity and mRNA expression levels were measured using collagen gel droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity tests and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  • RESULTS: The TS mRNA expression level was significantly higher in the 5-FU resistant group (T/C > 60%) compared with the 5-FU sensitive group (T/C < 60%) in both 5-FU regimens (1: 5.03 +/- 0.92 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.76, p < 0.01, 2: 4.88 +/- 0.91 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.20, p < 0.001).
  • The group with the higher TS mRNA expression level (>3.83, the average) were more resistant to both 5-FU regimens than those with lower TS mRNA (<3.83) (1: T/C = 80 vs. 66%, p = 0.11, 2: T/C = 89 vs. 64%, p < 0.005).
  • The TS mRNA expression level inversely correlated with the sensitivity to the latter 5-FU regimen (R = 0.577, p < 0.01).
  • CONCLUSIONS: The TS mRNA expression level might be a good marker of chemosensitivity to 5-FU in primary colorectal cancer, especially the sensitivity to low dose 5-FU with a long duration.

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  • (PMID = 17520254.001).
  • [ISSN] 0344-5704
  • [Journal-full-title] Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] Germany
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antimetabolites; 0 / Genetic Markers; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 9007-34-5 / Collagen; EC 1.3.1.2 / Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; EC 2.4.2.4 / Thymidine Phosphorylase; U3P01618RT / Fluorouracil
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74. Bongiorni L, Arroyo HA, Lubienicki F: [Subependymal nodules-sudependymal giant cell astrocytoma complex in children with tuberous sclerosis]. Medicina (B Aires); 2009;69(1 Pt 1):8-14
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  • [Title] [Subependymal nodules-sudependymal giant cell astrocytoma complex in children with tuberous sclerosis].
  • [Transliterated title] Complejo nódulo subependimario-astrocitoma subependimario gigantocelular en niños con esclerosis tuberosa.
  • The object of this paper is to describe the imaging and clinical characteristics of subependymal nodule (SN) - subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA) complex in tuberous sclerosis and analyze its evolution in order to attempt early detection and the prevention of intracranial hypertension.
  • We evaluated 22 patients with the pathological diagnosis of SGCA.
  • The diagnosis was made at a median of 10.1 years old.
  • We were able to observe the evolution of SN to ASGC: these SN were localized adjacent to the foramen of Monro and with time they underwent an important development with intense contrast enhancement and hydrocephalus.
  • Prospective studies could determine whether the SN-SGCA complex corresponds to the same entity in distinct evolution stages or to two lesions with different growth potential.
  • [MeSH-major] Astrocytoma / pathology. Brain Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebral Ventricles / pathology. Tuberous Sclerosis / pathology
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / pathology. Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / radiography. Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / surgery. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Hydrocephalus / etiology. Infant. Intellectual Disability / etiology. Intracranial Hypertension / prevention & control. Male



75. Scheidenhelm DK, Cresswell J, Haipek CA, Fleming TP, Mercer RW, Gutmann DH: Akt-dependent cell size regulation by the adhesion molecule on glia occurs independently of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Rheb signaling. Mol Cell Biol; 2005 Apr;25(8):3151-62
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  • [Title] Akt-dependent cell size regulation by the adhesion molecule on glia occurs independently of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Rheb signaling.
  • The role of cell adhesion molecules in mediating interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix has long been appreciated.
  • More recently, these molecules have been shown to modulate intracellular signal transduction cascades critical for cell growth and proliferation.
  • Expression of adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG) is downregulated in human and mouse gliomas, suggesting that AMOG may be important for growth regulation in the brain.
  • In this report, we examined the role of AMOG expression on cell growth and intracellular signal transduction.
  • We show that AMOG does not negatively regulate cell growth in vitro or in vivo.
  • Instead, expression of AMOG in AMOG-deficient cells results in a dramatic increase in cell size associated with protein kinase B/Akt hyperactivation, which occurs independent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation.
  • AMOG-mediated Akt phosphorylation specifically activates the mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway previously implicated in cell size regulation, but it does not depend on tuberous sclerosis complex/Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) signaling.
  • These data support a novel role for a glial adhesion molecule in cell size regulation through selective activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K signal transduction pathway.

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  • (PMID = 15798201.001).
  • [ISSN] 0270-7306
  • [Journal-full-title] Molecular and cellular biology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cell. Biol.
  • [Language] ENG
  • [Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / R01 NS041097; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / T32 GM007200; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / 5 T32 GM07200; United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS41097
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / ATP1B2 protein, human; 0 / Atp1b2 protein, mouse; 0 / Cation Transport Proteins; 0 / Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; 0 / Neuropeptides; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / RNA, Small Interfering; 0 / Rheb protein, mouse; EC 2.7.- / Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / MTOR protein, human; EC 2.7.1.1 / TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.1.1 / mTOR protein, mouse; EC 2.7.11.1 / AKT1 protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; EC 3.6.1.- / Adenosine Triphosphatases; EC 3.6.3.9 / Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; EC 3.6.5.2 / Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
  • [Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1069598
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76. Jeremiah ZA, Koate BB: Reference percentiles of hematological and biochemical iron values of blood donors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Hematology; 2009 Dec;14(6):366-70
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  • Four biochemical parameters: serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS) and four hematological parameters: hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell count (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were assessed.
  • The median and percentile ranges (10-90% percentile) of the biochemical and hematological parameters were as follows: SF 46.8 ng/ml (0.0-173.1), SI 85.9 microg/dl (19.7-338.0), TIBC 224.7 microg/dl (60.9-541.4), TS 41.2% (15.3-90.6), Hb 12.9 g/dl (7.74-15.6), PCV 38.0% (22.9-47.0), WBC 4.5 x 10(9)/l (3.0-8.0) and ESR 8.0 mm/h (1.0-24.6).
  • At a cut-off value of Hb 12.0 g/dl, SF 15.0 ng/ml and TS 16, 10.4 and 6.0% had iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia respectively in this study population.

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  • (PMID = 19941745.001).
  • [ISSN] 1607-8454
  • [Journal-full-title] Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hematology
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Hemoglobins; 0 / Transferrin; E1UOL152H7 / Iron
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77. Gras JM, Gerkens S, Beguin C, Janssen M, Smets F, Otte JB, Sokal E, Reding R: Steroid-free, tacrolimus-basiliximab immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplantation: clinical and pharmacoeconomic study in 50 children. Liver Transpl; 2008 Apr;14(4):469-77
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  • A group of 34 children transplanted under a conventional tacrolimus-steroids regimen served as control series (group TS).
  • Groups TB and TS were compared regarding patient and graft survival, rejection incidence, infectious complications, and growth, as well as cost of the transplant procedure.
  • Patient and graft survivals at 3 years were 96% and 94% in group TB, versus 91% and 88% in group TS (P = 0.380 and P = 0.370, respectively).
  • Rejection-free graft survival at 3 years was 72% in group TB, versus 41% in group TS (P = 0.007).
  • Patients in group TB had significantly less viral infections than patients in group TS (P = 0.045).
  • Height standard deviation score was significantly enhanced in children from group TB, when compared to group TS.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Belgium. Child. Child, Preschool. Costs and Cost Analysis. Humans. Infant. Liver Diseases / surgery. Treatment Outcome

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  • [Copyright] (c) 2008 AASLD.
  • (PMID = 18383091.001).
  • [ISSN] 1527-6473
  • [Journal-full-title] Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Liver Transpl.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adrenal Cortex Hormones; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Immunosuppressive Agents; 0 / Recombinant Fusion Proteins; 0 / basiliximab; WM0HAQ4WNM / Tacrolimus
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78. Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N: Resurgence or emergence of CD8+ Ts. Hum Immunol; 2008 Nov;69(11):679-80
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  • [Title] Resurgence or emergence of CD8+ Ts.

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  • (PMID = 19026353.001).
  • [ISSN] 0198-8859
  • [Journal-full-title] Human immunology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Immunol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Editorial; Introductory Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
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79. Levy Y, Cho SS, Onuchic JN, Wolynes PG: A survey of flexible protein binding mechanisms and their transition states using native topology based energy landscapes. J Mol Biol; 2005 Mar 4;346(4):1121-45
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  • [Title] A survey of flexible protein binding mechanisms and their transition states using native topology based energy landscapes.
  • An asymmetric binding mechanism is often observed for the formation of the symmetric homodimers where one monomer is more structured at the binding transition state and serves as a template for the folding of the other monomer.
  • Phi values were calculated to show how the structure of the binding transition state ensemble would be manifested in protein engineering studies.
  • This agreement suggests that the overall binding mechanism and the nature of the binding transition state ensemble can be understood from the network of interactions that stabilize the native fold.
  • The Phi values for the formation of an antibody-antigen complex indicate a possible role for solvation of the interface in biomolecular association of large rigid proteins.
  • [MeSH-minor] Antigen-Antibody Complex / immunology. Computer Simulation. Dimerization. Models, Molecular. Pliability. Protein Binding. Protein Folding. Protein Structure, Quaternary. Protein Structure, Tertiary. Protein Subunits / chemistry. Protein Subunits / metabolism. Water

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  • (PMID = 15701522.001).
  • [ISSN] 0022-2836
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of molecular biology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Mol. Biol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigen-Antibody Complex; 0 / Protein Subunits; 0 / Proteins; 059QF0KO0R / Water
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80. Herman P, Perini MV, Coelho F, Saad W, D'Albuquerque LA: Half-Pringle maneuver: a useful tool in laparoscopic liver resection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A; 2010 Feb;20(1):35-7
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  • [Title] Half-Pringle maneuver: a useful tool in laparoscopic liver resection.
  • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to describe our experience with laparoscopic the half-Pringle maneuver for segmentar or nonanatomic liver resctions.
  • CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that laparoscopic liver resection with the half-Pringle maneuver is feasible and safe and may be included in the technical armamentarium of laparoscopic liver resections for a selected group of patients.

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  • (PMID = 20059322.001).
  • [ISSN] 1557-9034
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [General-notes] NLM/ Original DateCompleted: 20100519
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81. Karpinski P, Myszka A, Ramsey D, Misiak B, Gil J, Laczmanska I, Grzebieniak Z, Sebzda T, Smigiel R, Stembalska A, Sasiadek MM: Polymorphisms in methyl-group metabolism genes and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer with relation to the CpG island methylator phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol; 2010 Jun;34(3):338-44
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  • METHODS: We examined the potential association between the polymorphisms of MTHFR 677C>T, TS 5'UTR 2R/3R, TS 3'UTR 1494del6, DeltaDNMT3B -149C>T and DNMT3B -283T>C in a group of 46 CIMP+ CRC cases, 140 CIMP- CRC cases and 140 healthy controls.
  • The CIMP status of the CRC cases was determined by MS-PCR in tumor tissue by a panel of five markers (CACNA1G, IGF2, NEUROG1, RUNX3 and SOCS1), which was also followed by analyzing hMLH1 methylation and BRAF V600E mutation.
  • Individuals with TS 3R/3R had an increased risk of CIMP- CRC (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.23-4.91, p=0.01).

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  • [Copyright] Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • (PMID = 20381446.001).
  • [ISSN] 1877-783X
  • [Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Netherlands
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 1.5.1.20 / Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); EC 2.1.1.37 / DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.37 / DNA methyltransferase 3B; EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase
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82. Temmink OH, Bijnsdorp IV, Prins HJ, Losekoot N, Adema AD, Smid K, Honeywell RJ, Ylstra B, Eijk PP, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Trifluorothymidine resistance is associated with decreased thymidine kinase and equilibrative nucleoside transporter expression or increased secretory phospholipase A2. Mol Cancer Ther; 2010 Apr;9(4):1047-57
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  • The aim of the present study was to induce resistance to TFT in H630 colon cancer cells using two different schedules and to analyze the resistance mechanism.
  • Cells were exposed either continuously or intermittently to TFT, resulting in H630-cTFT and H630-4TFT, respectively.
  • Cells were analyzed for cross-resistance, cell cycle, protein expression, and activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidine kinase (TK), thymidylate synthase (TS), equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT), gene expression (microarray), and genomic alterations.
  • Both cell lines were cross-resistant to 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (>170-fold).
  • Exposure to IC(75)-TFT increased the S/G(2)-M phase of H630 cells, whereas in the resistant variants, no change was observed.
  • The two main target enzymes TS and TP remained unchanged in both TFT-resistant variants.
  • In H630-4TFT cells, TK protein expression and activity were decreased, resulting in less activated TFT and was most likely the mechanism of TFT resistance.
  • In H630-cTFT cells, hENT mRNA expression was decreased 2- to 3-fold, resulting in a 5- to 10-fold decreased TFT-nucleotide accumulation.
  • [MeSH-minor] Cell Cycle / drug effects. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Comparative Genomic Hybridization. DNA Copy Number Variations / genetics. Down-Regulation / drug effects. Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology. Gene Expression Profiling. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects. Humans. Lipid Metabolism / drug effects. Lipid Metabolism / genetics. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis. Thymidylate Synthase / antagonists & inhibitors. Thymidylate Synthase / genetics. Thymidylate Synthase / metabolism. Up-Regulation / drug effects

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  • (PMID = 20371715.001).
  • [ISSN] 1538-8514
  • [Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer therapeutics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer Ther.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Enzyme Inhibitors; 0 / Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins; EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase; EC 2.7.1.21 / Thymidine Kinase; EC 3.1.1.4 / Phospholipases A2, Secretory; RMW9V5RW38 / Trifluridine
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83. Jarmuła A, Cieplak P, Montfort WR: 5,10-Methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate conformational transitions upon binding to thymidylate synthase: molecular mechanics and continuum solvent studies. J Comput Aided Mol Des; 2005 Feb;19(2):123-36
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  • We applied the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) approach to evaluate relative stability of the extended (flat) and C-shaped (bent) solution conformational forms of the 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (mTHF) molecule in aqueous solution.
  • The bent solution form has lower intramolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interaction energies.
  • We exploit these results and combine them with known crystallographic data to provide a model for the progressive binding of the mTHF molecule, a natural cofactor of thymidylate synthase (TS), to the complex forming in the TS-catalyzed reaction.
  • We propose that at the time of initial weak binding in the open enzyme the cofactor molecule remains in a close balance between the flat and bent solution conformations, with neither form clearly favored.
  • At the same time, burying the cofactor molecule in the closed active site produces numerous contacts between mTHF and protein that render change in the shape of the mTHF molecule.
  • The strain in the bent enzyme conformation allows for the tight binding of the cofactor molecule to the productive ternary complex that forms in the closed active site, and facilitates the protonation of the imidazolidine N10 atom, which promotes further reaction.

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  • (PMID = 16075306.001).
  • [ISSN] 0920-654X
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of computer-aided molecular design
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Netherlands
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Solvents; 0 / Tetrahydrofolates; 0SXY5ET48B / 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid; EC 2.1.1.45 / Thymidylate Synthase
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84. Kozlowski P, Roberts P, Dabora S, Franz D, Bissler J, Northrup H, Au KS, Lazarus R, Domanska-Pakiela D, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Kwiatkowski DJ: Identification of 54 large deletions/duplications in TSC1 and TSC2 using MLPA, and genotype-phenotype correlations. Hum Genet; 2007 May;121(3-4):389-400
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  • Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2.
  • We examined 261 TSC DNA samples (209 small-mutation-negative and 52 unscreened) for large deletion/duplication mutations using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) probe sets designed to permit interrogation of all TSC1/2 exons, as well as 15-50 kb of flanking sequence.
  • Eight of 54 (15%) mutations were mosaic, affecting 34-62% of cells.
  • We conclude that large deletions in TSC1 and TSC2 account for about 0.5 and 6% of mutations seen in TSC patients, respectively, and MLPA is a highly sensitive and accurate detection method, including for mosaicism.
  • [MeSH-minor] Chromosome Breakage. Gene Duplication. Genetic Techniques. Genotype. Humans. Mosaicism. Phenotype. Sequence Deletion. Tuberous Sclerosis / genetics

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  • (PMID = 17287951.001).
  • [ISSN] 0340-6717
  • [Journal-full-title] Human genetics
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Hum. Genet.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Grant] United States / NINDS NIH HHS / NS / NS31535
  • [Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • [Publication-country] Germany
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / tuberous sclerosis complex 1 protein; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein
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85. Mo C, Yamagata R, Pan A, Reddy J, Hazari N, Duke G: Development of a high-throughput Alamar blue assay for the determination of influenza virus infectious dose, serum antivirus neutralization titer and virus ca/ts phenotype. J Virol Methods; 2008 Jun;150(1-2):63-9
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Development of a high-throughput Alamar blue assay for the determination of influenza virus infectious dose, serum antivirus neutralization titer and virus ca/ts phenotype.
  • Characterization of the vaccine requires determination of the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)) titer, serum antivirus neutralization titer and vaccine cold adapted/temperature sensitive (ca/ts) phenotype.
  • In response to the need for an efficient, inexpensive and high-throughput assay, a 96-well microplate assay was developed that uses Alamar blue dye staining as a replacement for CPE observation in the determination of influenza virus infectious dose, serum antivirus neutralization titer and virus ca/ts phenotype.
  • Serum microneutralization as well as virus ca/ts phenotype assays also showed a high concordance between readings based on CPE observation and Alamar blue staining.
  • The Alamar blue dye assay is user friendly, environmentally safe and sensitive.
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Antibodies, Viral / blood. Cell Line. Cell Survival. Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral. Dogs. Humans. Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / growth & development. Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / growth & development. Neutralization Tests / methods. Regression Analysis. Staining and Labeling / methods. Statistics as Topic

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  • (PMID = 18423899.001).
  • [ISSN] 0166-0934
  • [Journal-full-title] Journal of virological methods
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Virol. Methods
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Validation Studies
  • [Publication-country] Netherlands
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Viral; 0 / Influenza Vaccines; 0 / Oxazines; 0 / Xanthenes; 1FN9YD6968 / resazurin
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86. Lane BR, Aydin H, Danforth TL, Zhou M, Remer EM, Novick AC, Campbell SC: Clinical correlates of renal angiomyolipoma subtypes in 209 patients: classic, fat poor, tuberous sclerosis associated and epithelioid. J Urol; 2008 Sep;180(3):836-43
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Clinical correlates of renal angiomyolipoma subtypes in 209 patients: classic, fat poor, tuberous sclerosis associated and epithelioid.
  • RESULTS: Median radiographic size was 3.2, 4.9 and 10 cm in patients with a single angiomyolipoma (59% of patients), multiple angiomyolipomas and tuberous sclerosis (probable or definite), respectively.
  • A total of 28 (13%) patients with angiomyolipoma had concomitant renal cell carcinoma.
  • [MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Carcinoma, Renal Cell / complications. Contrast Media. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Nephrectomy. Retrospective Studies. Risk Factors. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. Treatment Outcome. Tuberous Sclerosis / complications

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  • (PMID = 18635231.001).
  • [ISSN] 1527-3792
  • [Journal-full-title] The Journal of urology
  • [ISO-abbreviation] J. Urol.
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article
  • [Publication-country] United States
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media
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87. Rosner M, Freilinger A, Hengstschläger M: Akt regulates nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of tuberin. Oncogene; 2007 Jan 25;26(4):521-31
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • The autosomal dominantly inherited disease tuberous sclerosis (TSC) affects approximately 1 in 6000 individuals and is characterized by the development of tumors, named hamartomas, in different organs.
  • TSC1, encoding hamartin, and TSC2, encoding tuberin are tumor suppressor genes responsible for TSC.
  • Hamartin and tuberin form a complex, of which tuberin is assumed to be the functional component.
  • The TSC proteins have been implicated in the control of cell cycle by activating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and in cell size regulation by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K cascade.
  • In cycling cells with high Akt activity, tuberin is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm.
  • In arrested G0 cells with downregulated Akt activity, a significant proportion of tuberin is localized to the nucleus.
  • Upon re-entry into the normal ongoing cell cycle, nuclear localization of tuberin is downregulated parallel to the activation of Akt.
  • This description of functional tuberin in the cytoplasm and the nucleus together with our observation of Akt-controlled and cell cycle-regulated tuberin localization are of particular interest for a further understanding of tuberin's function as a gate keeper of the G0 cell status as well as of Akt's activity to control cell proliferation.
  • [MeSH-major] Cell Nucleus / metabolism. Cytoplasm / metabolism. Oncogene Protein v-akt / physiology. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism
  • [MeSH-minor] Animals. Cells, Cultured. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / metabolism. Humans. Mice. NIH 3T3 Cells. Phosphorylation. Phosphotransferases / metabolism. Protein Transport. Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / metabolism

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  • (PMID = 16862180.001).
  • [ISSN] 0950-9232
  • [Journal-full-title] Oncogene
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Oncogene
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] England
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 147604-94-2 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; 4JG2LF96VF / tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein; EC 2.7.- / Phosphotransferases; EC 2.7.11.1 / Oncogene Protein v-akt; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa
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88. Zoldák G, Sedlák E, Valusová E, Wolfrum A, Marek J, Antalík M, Sprinzl M: Irreversible thermal denaturation of elongation factor Ts from Thermus thermophilus effect of the residual structure and intermonomer disulfide bond. Biochim Biophys Acta; 2006 Jul;1764(7):1277-85
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  • [Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  • [Title] Irreversible thermal denaturation of elongation factor Ts from Thermus thermophilus effect of the residual structure and intermonomer disulfide bond.
  • The homodimeric wild-type elongation factor Ts, EF-Ts(wt), and its C190A mutant, EF-Ts(C190A), from Thermus thermophilus goes through thermal denaturation in a way consistent with a two state irreversible model with a relatively high activation energy, approximately 530 kJ/mol (Supplemental materials provides a list of 98 activation energies from 54 proteins in various solvent conditions).
  • Removing the intermonomeric disulfide bond by substituting alanine for cysteine 190 affects the rate constant of the irreversible thermal transition.
  • At physiological temperatures, the half-life of the native conformations was estimated to be approximately 21 days for wt and 1.3 days for C190A.
  • Thermally denatured EF-Ts refolds into a molten-globule-like state as indicated by its native-like circular dichroism spectrum in the far UV region and the enhanced fluorescence of the hydrophobic probe, 1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulphonate.
  • The residual secondary structure observed in the thermally denatured state of EF-Ts at high temperatures affects its apparent temperature of thermal transition, T(trs), independent of the presence or absence of the intermonomeric disulfide bond.
  • The effect of the GdmHCl concentration on the activation energy, E(a), and the temperature, T*, i.e., the temperature at which the rate of the irreversible step is 1 min(-1), indicates that the intermonomeric disulfide bond contributes to the irreversibility of thermal transition of EF-Ts.
  • [MeSH-minor] Algorithms. Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates / chemistry. Calorimetry, Differential Scanning. Circular Dichroism. Guanidine / chemistry. Hot Temperature. Mutation / genetics. Protein Denaturation. Recombinant Proteins / chemistry. Spectrometry, Fluorescence. Thermodynamics

  • Hazardous Substances Data Bank. GUANIDINE .
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  • (PMID = 16781902.001).
  • [ISSN] 0006-3002
  • [Journal-full-title] Biochimica et biophysica acta
  • [ISO-abbreviation] Biochim. Biophys. Acta
  • [Language] eng
  • [Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • [Publication-country] Netherlands
  • [Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; 0 / Peptide Elongation Factors; 0 / Recombinant Proteins; 0 / elongation factor Ts; 48TCX9A1VT / Cystine; 82-76-8 / 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate; JU58VJ6Y3B / Guanidine
  •