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[Title] Immunohistochemical expressions of Ki-67, cyclin D1, beta-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, and epidermal growth factor receptor in human colorectal adenoma: a validation study of tissue microarrays.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the validity and reliability of using TMA to assess biomarkers in colorectal adenomas.

METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive patients with colorectal adenomas were recruited in this study.

Two TMA blocks were constructed using four punches from each adenoma (one periphery, one deep, and two middle zones).

RESULTS: Colorectal adenoma exhibited zonal, heterogeneous expression patterns for all five markers.

CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that TMA can be used to reliably assess the expression levels of Ki-67, cyclin D1, beta-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, and epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal adenoma tissues.

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(PMID = 16985035.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA095103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA097386; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA95103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA97386

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Validation Studies

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Ki-67 Antigen; 0 / beta Catenin; 136601-57-5 / Cyclin D1; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

   

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[Title] Genetic variation in base excision repair genes and the prevalence of advanced colorectal adenoma.

Base excision repair (BER) corrects DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and low folate intake, which are putative risk factors for colorectal neoplasia.

To examine the relationship between genetic variation in BER genes and colorectal adenoma risk, we conducted a case-control study of 767 cases of advanced colorectal adenoma and 773 controls from the baseline screening exam of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

Cases included participants diagnosed with advanced left-sided adenoma, and controls were subjects without evidence of a left-sided polyp by sigmoidoscopy, frequency-matched to cases on race and gender.

Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in four BER genes (APEX1, PARP1, POLB, and XRCC1), and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association with colorectal adenoma.

The APEX1 51H variant was associated with a borderline significant decreased risk of colorectal adenoma (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-1.00), and the XRCC1 399Q variant was inversely associated with risk among Caucasians (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-0.99).

Homozygotes at two PARP1 loci (A284A and IVS13+118G>A) were also associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenoma compared with wild-type carriers (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-0.98 for both), which was restricted to advanced adenomas displaying histologically aggressive characteristics (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78, P = 0.002 for PARP1 A284A).

This study suggests that polymorphisms in APEX1, XRCC1, and PARP1 may be associated with advanced colorectal adenoma.

[MeSH-major] Adenomyoma / epidemiology. Adenomyoma / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. DNA Repair / genetics

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(PMID = 17283177.001).

[ISSN] 0008-5472

[Journal-full-title] Cancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Serrated polyps of the large intestine: a morphologic and molecular review of an evolving concept.

Serrated polyps of the large intestine, including traditional hyperplastic polyps, traditional serrated adenomas, and more recently described sessile serrated adenomas, have gained increased recognition in recent years because of growing evidence that one of these lesions, the sessile serrated adenoma, might be the precursor lesion for some cases of microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinoma.

Nevertheless, there has been some reluctance to embrace the concept of sessile serrated adenoma, and numerous diagnostic challenges exist.

Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society Forum presented in Vancouver, Canada, March 6, 2004 as part of the annual meeting of the United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology, reviews the morphologic and molecular evidence for the concept of various polyps in the general category of serrated polyps of the large intestine, in particular the lesion known as the sessile serrated adenoma, and provides a conceptual framework for diagnosis of these lesions.

[MeSH-major] Colonic Polyps / pathology. Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. Intestinal Polyps / pathology

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[CommentIn] Am J Clin Pathol. 2006 Jun;125(6):951; author reply 952-3 [16761354.001]

(PMID = 16191506.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9173

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 36

   

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[Title] Novel genetic variations of the p53R2 gene in patients with colorectal adenoma and controls.

METHODS: We screened the p53R2 gene coding regions and a regulatory region which contains a p53 binding sequence in 100 patients with colorectal adenoma and 100 control subjects using PCR, cold SSCP, and direct DNA sequencing.

Additionally, we determined the frequency of these p53R2 variants in a recently concluded case-control study of incident sporadic colorectal adenomas (163 cases and 210 controls).

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(PMID = 16127747.001).

[ISSN] 1007-9327

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA066539; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R03 CA092773

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; EC 1.17.4.- / Ribonucleotide Reductases; EC 1.17.4.- / ribonucleotide reductase R2 subunit

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4320390

   

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[Title] Comparative evaluation of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal adenoma detection.

BACKGROUND: Different immunochemical fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) have been proposed for noninvasive colorectal cancer screening.

Large-scale, colonoscopy-based screening studies that allow evaluation of these tests for the detection of precursor lesions are scarce.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare performance characteristics of 6 qualitative immunochemical FOBTs for identifying colorectal adenomas among adults who attended screening colonoscopy examinations.

PATIENTS: 1319 participants at average risk for colorectal neoplasia who were undergoing screening colonoscopy (mean age, 63 years; 50% men).

MEASUREMENTS: 6 different qualitative immunochemical FOBTs were done with stool samples collected before bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

RESULTS: Overall, 405 participants (31%) had an adenoma and 130 participants (10%) had an advanced adenoma.

For the 2 best-performing tests (immoCARE-C [CAREdiagnostica, Voerde, Germany] and FOB advanced [ulti med, Ahrensburg, Germany]), the sensitivity for detection of advanced adenomas was 25% (95% CI, 18% to 34%) and 27% (CI, 20% to 35%), respectively; specificity was 97% (CI, 95% to 98%) and 93% (CI, 91% to 95%); and the positive likelihood ratio was 3.5 (CI, 2.2 to 5.4) and 2.5 (CI, 1.9 to 3.5).

CONCLUSION: Qualitative immunochemical FOBTs could be an option for future colorectal cancer screening because they showed better performance characteristics for precursor lesions than guaiac-based FOBTs and are practical for mass screening.

However, given the large differences in diagnostic performance among tests, careful evaluation of the different test variants is important.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / diagnosis. Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry / methods. Occult Blood

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[SummaryForPatientsIn] Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 3;150(3):I34 [19189901.001]

(PMID = 19189905.001).

[ISSN] 1539-3704

[Journal-full-title] Annals of internal medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Intern. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Indicators and Reagents; 9000-29-7 / Guaiac

   

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[Title] MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms and risk of sporadic distal colorectal adenoma in the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (United Kingdom).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the role of low activity MTHFR variants as well as to explore interactive effects between alcoholic drink consumption and MTHFR variants and risk of distal colorectal adenomatous polyps.

METHODS: We examined the relationship between MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and risk of distal adenomas in one of the largest case control studies of 946 polyp-free controls and 894 cases, all participants of the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (UKFSS).

RESULTS: Investigation of the effect of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in this large UKFSS study revealed no overall association on adenoma risk (P>0.05).

However the MTHFR 1298C allele was linked, for the first time, to high risk adenomas, although in males only (odds ratio (OR) for A/C+C/C compared with A/A 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.22; P=0.018).

CONCLUSIONS: In this, the largest study of these polymorphisms in relation to colorectal adenoma, there was no evidence for an interaction with alcohol in combination with the variant forms of MTHFR (P>0.05).

[MeSH-major] 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2) / genetics. Adenoma / genetics. Adenomatous Polyps / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics

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(PMID = 16783607.001).

[ISSN] 0957-5243

[Journal-full-title] Cancer causes & control : CCC

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Causes Control

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / / A4994; United Kingdom / Medical Research Council / / G9615910

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.5.1.20 / 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2)

   

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[Title] Dietary patterns and colorectal adenoma and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence.

A number of studies exploring associations between individual dietary components and colorectal adenoma or cancer risk have yielded conflicting results.

Results from prospective cohort and population-based case-control studies examining associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer or adenoma risk were evaluated and described in this review.

Despite notable differences in population characteristics, study design, and methods used for characterizing dietary patterns across the different studies, two general dietary patterns were found to modestly predict colorectal adenoma and cancer risk.

A healthier pattern consisting of greater intakes of fruits and vegetables, and lower intakes of red and processed meat, appeared protective against colorectal adenoma and cancer incidence.

Continued research efforts are needed to evaluate the cumulative and interactive effects of numerous dietary exposures on colorectal cancer risk.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / epidemiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology. Diet

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(PMID = 20432162.001).

[ISSN] 1532-7914

[Journal-full-title] Nutrition and cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Nutr Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dietary Carbohydrates; 0 / Dietary Fats

[Number-of-references] 49

   

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[Title] Risk of colorectal neoplasia associated with the adenomatous polyposis coli E1317Q variant.

BACKGROUND: Reports of the risk of colorectal neoplasia associated with a variant of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC E1317Q) gene are conflicting.

Subjects underwent colonoscopic evaluation (+/-biopsy and/or polypectomy) and had cancer history and colorectal neoplasia risk factors assessed.

When stratified by neoplasia type, adenoma risk was significantly elevated in carriers (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.8-9.4) but colorectal cancer risk was not (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8-5.3).

After adjustment, the E1317Q variant remained a significant predictor of colorectal adenoma (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.0-10.8).

CONCLUSIONS: The APC E1317Q variant is associated with colorectal neoplasia, particularly colorectal adenomas, but further studies are still needed.

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(PMID = 19474113.001).

[ISSN] 1569-8041

[Journal-full-title] Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein

   

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[Title] Promoter methylation status of the MGMT, hMLH1, and CDKN2A/p16 genes in non-neoplastic mucosa of patients with and without colorectal adenomas.

CpG island methylation has been observed in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas in the colon, implicating it in the earliest aspects of colon cancer formation.

In addition, some investigators have identified an age-related increase in DNA methylation of the ESR1 locus in the colon mucosa, suggesting that DNA methylation may be a pre-neoplastic change that increases the risk of colon adenomas and colon cancer.

The promoter methylation patterns of these genes were examined in rectal biopsies (mucosa samples) of 97 colorectal adenoma cases and 94 healthy controls using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assays.

The frequency of CDKN2A/p16 promoter methylation was very rare in normal colorectal tissue with a frequency of approximately 2%.

The methylation status of these genes in rectal mucosa biopsies detected by MSP assays may not distinguish between patients with and without adenomas in the colon.

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(PMID = 16820927.001).

[ISSN] 1021-335X

[Journal-full-title] Oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncol. Rep.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA095103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA097386; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA95103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA97386

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / MLH1 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; EC 2.1.1.63 / O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase

   

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More recently, it has become apparent that patients with acromegaly may also have an increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas and cancer.

This may be due to elevated IGF-I, which is implicated in the development of sporadic colorectal cancer, and environmental factors, such as the bile acid deoxycholic acid, the levels of which are also increased in acromegaly.

Large-scale epidemiological studies are required to clarify this issue.

[MeSH-major] Acromegaly / complications. Breast Neoplasms / etiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / etiology. Prostatic Neoplasms / etiology

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma / blood. Adenoma / epidemiology. Adenoma / etiology. Carcinoma / blood. Carcinoma / epidemiology. Carcinoma / etiology. Female. Human Growth Hormone / blood. Humans. Male

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(PMID = 17047386.001).

[ISSN] 0028-3835

[Journal-full-title] Neuroendocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Neuroendocrinology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 12629-01-5 / Human Growth Hormone

[Number-of-references] 56

   

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[Title] Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase genes and the risk of advanced colorectal adenoma.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette use is associated with greater risk for colorectal adenoma, a colorectal cancer precursor.

Our interest is in the polymorphisms within the NAT1 and NAT2 genes that influence the tobacco-colorectal tumor relationship by impacting on the metabolic activation and detoxification of tobacco smoke-derived carcinogens.

METHODS: In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial, we compared NAT1 and NAT2 gene variant distributions for 772 cases with left-sided advanced adenoma and 777 gender and age-matched controls.

RESULTS: Risks for advanced colorectal adenoma were significantly increased among recent smokers (current smokers or those who quit less than 10 years ago) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-3.1) and among those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.2), compared with nonsmokers.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that NAT2 gene variants associated with a slow acetylator phenotype were more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoking with respect to adenoma risk, providing leads for disease prevention.

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(PMID = 16981843.001).

[ISSN] 1462-2416

[Journal-full-title] Pharmacogenomics

[ISO-abbreviation] Pharmacogenomics

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-34627; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA034627-21; United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / ; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA034627; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA034627-21

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Isoenzymes; EC 2.3.1.5 / Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.5 / N-acetyltransferase 1; EC 2.3.1.5 / NAT2 protein, human

   

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[Title] The colorectal malignant polyp: scoping a dilemma.

Colorectal adenomas containing invasive carcinoma represent the majority of early colorectal cancers.

[MeSH-major] Adenomatous Polyps / pathology. Colonic Polyps / pathology. Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 17113842.001).

[ISSN] 1590-8658

[Journal-full-title] Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

[ISO-abbreviation] Dig Liver Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Number-of-references] 80

   

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[Title] Physician reminders to promote surveillance colonoscopy for colorectal adenomas: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Most colorectal cancers develop from adenomatous polyps.

PATIENTS: Seven hundred seventeen patients who had colorectal adenomas removed during 1995 through 2000 and no follow-up colonoscopy identified via automated review of electronic records through March, 2006.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The use of colonoscopy and detection of new adenomas or cancer were assessed at 6 months by a blinded medical record review in all patients.

New adenomas or cancer were detected in 14 (3.9%) intervention patients and 6 (1.7%) control patients (P = 0.06), representing 42.4% and 37.5% of patients who underwent colonoscopy in each group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with prior colorectal adenomas, physician reminders increased the use of surveillance colonoscopy, but better systems are needed to identify eligible patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID number NCT00397969).

[MeSH-major] Adenomatous Polyps / diagnosis. Appointments and Schedules. Colonic Polyps / diagnosis. Colonoscopy / utilization. Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Reminder Systems

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(PMID = 18386103.001).

[ISSN] 1525-1497

[Journal-full-title] Journal of general internal medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Gen Intern Med

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] ClinicalTrials.gov/ NCT00397969

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R21 CA112365; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R21-CA112365

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2517870

   

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) have been evaluated for human colorectal cancer.

This study applies these technologies to a murine model of colorectal adenoma.

One adenoma was histologically identified; OCT visualized mucosal thickening/abnormal mass development over the imaging timepoints.

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data indicate endoscopic OCT-LIF has the potential to identify colorectal adenomas in murine models.

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[Copyright] Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 16596657.001).

[ISSN] 0196-8092

[Journal-full-title] Lasers in surgery and medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Lasers Surg Med

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA109385; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA083148; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA095060; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA109385

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Serrated adenoma: a distinct form of non-polypoid colorectal neoplasia?

Until recently, 2 major forms of colorectal polyp were recognized: the adenoma and the hyperplastic polyp.

Adenomas were known to represent a precursor to colorectal cancer, whereas hyperplastic polyps were viewed as nonneoplastic, having no potential for progression to malignancy.

We now recognize, however, that the lesions diagnosed as hyperplastic polyps in the past represent a heterogeneous group of polyps, some of which truly are hyperplastic, and others that truly have a significant risk for transformation to colorectal cancer.

These polyps have a characteristic serrated architecture, and include not only hyperplastic polyps but also the recently recognized serrated adenomas.

Serrated adenomas occur in 2 forms: the traditional serrated adenoma, which is usually a polypoid lesion endoscopically, and the sessile serrated adenoma, a flat or slightly raised, usually right-sided lesion.

Serrated adenomas of both types show characteristic molecular alterations not commonly seen in traditional colorectal adenomas, and probably progress to colorectal cancer by means of a different pathway, the so-called serrated neoplasia pathway.

The morphologic features of serrated colorectal lesions, the molecular alterations that characterize them, and their role in colorectal cancer development are discussed.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / diagnosis. Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Apoptosis. Colonic Polyps / diagnosis. Colonic Polyps / genetics. Colonic Polyps / pathology. CpG Islands / genetics. DNA Methylation. Disease Progression. Humans. Microsatellite Instability. Mutation. Phenotype. Polymorphism, Genetic. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics. Receptor, EphB2 / genetics. Risk Assessment. ras Proteins / genetics

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20656251.001).

[ISSN] 1558-1950

[Journal-full-title] Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / KRAS protein, human; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor, EphB2; EC 2.7.11.1 / BRAF protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; EC 3.6.5.2 / ras Proteins

   

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[Title] The effect of body weight reduction on the incidence of colorectal adenoma.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is thought to be associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma.

We aimed to investigate the effect of body weight on the risk of colorectal adenoma both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study in a large-scale health appraisal institution in Japan.

The association with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma was evaluated according to the body mass index (BMI) at the initial examination.

The incidence of colorectal adenoma at the second colonoscopy was investigated according to the initial BMI and body weight changes during the year.

RESULTS: The prevalence of colorectal adenoma increased in relation to increases in the BMI: 15.4%, 20.6%, 22.7%, and 24.2%, respectively, in the first (BMI < 21.350), second (21.350 < or = BMI < 23.199), third (23.199 < or = BMI < 25.156), and fourth (25.156 < or = BMI) quartiles.

The incidence rates of colorectal adenoma after 1 yr also increased proportionally according to the initial BMI: Group Q1 (12.9%), Group Q2 (15.7%), Group Q3 (18.3%), and Group Q4 (19.0%).

CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with the risk for colorectal adenoma, and body weight reduction was suggested to decrease this risk.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / epidemiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology. Obesity / complications. Weight Loss

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(PMID = 18796100.001).

[ISSN] 1572-0241

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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They affect the management of inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and the chemoprevention of colorectal adenoma by influencing the metabolism of their respective substrates, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil and sulindac.

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(PMID = 17133087.001).

[ISSN] 0267-1379

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK052230; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK064399-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA084197-09; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK064399-05; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA084197-09; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R01 DK052230-11; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA084197; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R24 DK064399; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK52230; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / DK052230-11; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA84197

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 57

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS37179; NLM/ PMC2213557

   

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[Title] Flat adenomas.

This article was presented at the conjoint CSSA and RACS (colorectal section) spring meeting Queensland, Australia, September 2004.

The adenoma-carcinoma sequence describes a succession of events from polypoid adenoma to colorectal cancer.

However, this model only accounts for up to two-thirds of colorectal cancers.

There is growing evidence that flat adenomas are precursor lesions to a flat type of colorectal cancer and certain subtypes of these polyps are at greater risk of malignant transformation.

If confirmed, the implications for screening, endoscopic recognition and management will become of increasing importance if we are to decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / physiopathology. Adenoma / physiopathology. Colonic Neoplasms / physiopathology. Colonic Polyps / physiopathology

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(PMID = 17295810.001).

[ISSN] 1445-1433

[Journal-full-title] ANZ journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] ANZ J Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Australia

[Number-of-references] 72

   

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[Title] Phase III trial of ursodeoxycholic acid to prevent colorectal adenoma recurrence.

We conducted a phase III, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of UDCA to evaluate its ability to prevent colorectal adenoma recurrence.

METHODS: We randomly assigned 1285 individuals who had undergone removal of a colorectal adenoma within the past 6 months to daily treatment with UDCA (8-10 mg/kg of body weight; 661 participants) or with placebo (624 participants) for 3 years or until follow-up colonoscopy.

Recurrence rates (number of recurrent adenomas per unit time) were compared by use of a Huber-White variance estimator.

Proportions of participants with one or more recurrent adenomas were compared with a Pearson chi-square statistic; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained by logistic regression.

RESULTS: We observed a non-statistically significant 12% reduction in the adenoma recurrence rate associated with UDCA treatment, compared with placebo treatment.

However, UDCA treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction (P = .03) in the recurrence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39 to 0.96).

We observed no statistically significant differences between UDCA and placebo groups in recurrence with regard to adenoma size, villous histology, or location.

CONCLUSIONS: UDCA treatment was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in total colorectal adenoma recurrence but with a statistically significant 39% reduction in recurrence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia.

Because severely dysplastic lesions have a high risk of progression to invasive colorectal carcinoma, this finding indicates that future chemoprevention trials of UDCA in individuals with such lesions should be considered.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / prevention & control. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / prevention & control. Ursodeoxycholic Acid / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 15928305.001).

[ISSN] 1460-2105

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Cancer Institute

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Natl. Cancer Inst.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-23074; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01-CA-41108

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase III; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 724L30Y2QR / Ursodeoxycholic Acid

   

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[Title] Molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of colorectal adenomas: correlation to activated K-ras oncogene.

Mutations of K-ras gene have been demonstrated in 40-50% of colorectal cancer and large adenoma (>1 cm).

This study was intended to clarify the correlation between the existence of K-ras oncogene and the pathological features of colorectal adenomas using our recently developed membrane arrays.

Moreover, the downstream genes regulated by K-ras oncogene were explored to serve as potential biomarkers in the early diagnosis and risk assessment of patients with colorectal adenoma.

Specimens were collected from 70 patients with colorectal adenoma.

Furthermore, activated K-ras oncogene was identified in 18 of 70 (25.7%) adenoma by membrane arrays.

The analysis of the correlation between the experimental data and pathological characteristics of adenoma showed that activated K-ras oncogenes were significantly associated with the size, number and histology of adenomas (all P<0.001).

Finally, we found the downstream genes activated by K-ras oncogene, including B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Homo sapiens H2A histone family, member Z (H2AFZ), Homo sapiens RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family (RAP1B), Homo sapiens T-box 19 (TBX19), Homo sapiens E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding (E2F4) and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), of which were overexpressed in most of all examined adenomas.

Therefore, we propose that activated K-ras oncogene in colorectal adenomas may play an important role in the subsequent colorectal carcinogenesis through a group of K-ras-related molecular targets.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / genetics. Adenoma / pathology. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. Genes, ras

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(PMID = 17089045.001).

[ISSN] 1021-335X

[Journal-full-title] Oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncol. Rep.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA Primers

   

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[Title] Consumption of trans-fatty acid and its association with colorectal adenomas.

To investigate the association between colorectal adenomas and trans-fatty acid consumption, the authors utilized data from a cross-sectional study of 622 individuals who underwent complete colonoscopy between 2001 and 2002 at the University of North Carolina Hospitals.

Participants were interviewed about demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors thought to be related to colorectal cancer. trans-Fatty acid consumption, energy adjusted by the residual method, was categorized into quartiles based on its distribution in controls.

Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of consumption, those in the highest quartile had an increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas, with an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 1.86 (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 3.33).

The authors further investigated the relation between trans-fatty acid consumption and colorectal neoplasia by examining the adenoma characteristics, with the adjusted prevalence odds ratios showing little or no difference by adenoma location, size, or number.

These results suggest that consumption of high amounts of trans-fatty acid may increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia, and they provide additional support to recommendations to limit trans-fatty acid consumption.

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(PMID = 18587137.001).

[ISSN] 1476-6256

[Journal-full-title] American journal of epidemiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Epidemiol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA044684; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30 DK034987; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA44684; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / P30DK34987; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / T32 DK007634; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / T32DK07634

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Trans Fatty Acids

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS64890; NLM/ PMC2533637

   

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[Title] Serum triglycerides and colorectal adenoma in a case-control study among cancer screening examinees (Japan).

OBJECTIVE: Most epidemiologic studies have shown serum triglycerides to be associated with colorectal adenoma.

We cross-sectionally investigated the association of serum triglycerides with the risk of adenoma by smoking status.

METHODS: We identified 782 newly diagnosed adenoma cases from the examinees of a colorectal cancer screening program.

We determined 738 controls without present illness or past history of adenoma from among the examinees.

We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal adenoma for serum triglycerides.

RESULTS: High serum triglycerides were associated with colorectal adenoma (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0 for the highest versus the lowest quartile, P (trend, )0.030).

A stronger association was observed between three or more adenoma cases and study controls (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.2, P (trend,) < 0.0010).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that a higher serum triglyceride level may be related to a larger number of adenomas.

Adenoma development involving an elevated serum triglyceride level may be modified by smoking.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / blood. Adenoma / diagnosis. Colorectal Neoplasms / blood. Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Mass Screening. Triglycerides / blood

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(PMID = 17111255.001).

[ISSN] 0957-5243

[Journal-full-title] Cancer causes & control : CCC

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Causes Control

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Triglycerides

   

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[Title] Diet and physical activity in patients with colorectal adenomas: directions for intervention programmes.

The aim of the current exploratory research was to identify diet and activity habits in adults diagnosed with colorectal adenomas on screening colonoscopy in order to inform the development of an intervention study in this patient group.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / prevention & control. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Diet. Exercise

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(PMID = 18631284.001).

[ISSN] 1365-277X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association

[ISO-abbreviation] J Hum Nutr Diet

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Dietary Carbohydrates; 0 / Dietary Fats; 0 / Dietary Proteins

   

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[Title] Overexpression of human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.

To investigate the involvement of XBP-1 in colorectal tumorigenecity, the expression of XBP-1 was examined in four colon cancer cell lines, six colorectal polyps and five colorectal carcinomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of eleven patients who had undergone resection for colorectal cancer or adenoma from 2000 to 2002.

RESULTS: The XBP-1 gene was overexpressed in four cases out of five primary colorectal carcinomas and in four cases out of six colorectal adenomas.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / metabolism. Adenoma / metabolism. Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism. DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis. Nuclear Proteins / biosynthesis

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(PMID = 17352224.001).

[ISSN] 0250-7005

[Journal-full-title] Anticancer research

[ISO-abbreviation] Anticancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Greece

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Transcription Factors; 0 / regulatory factor X transcription factors

   

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[Title] The proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim is downregulated in a subset of colorectal cancers and is repressed by antiapoptotic COX-2/PGE(2) signalling in colorectal adenoma cells.

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and elevated levels of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) occur in the majority of colorectal cancers and have important roles in colorectal tumorigenesis.

Here, we have shown that PGE(2) suppresses apoptosis via repression of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim in human colorectal adenoma cells.

Reduction of Bim expression using RNA interference reduced spontaneous apoptosis in adenoma cells and abrogated PGE(2)-dependent apoptosis suppression.

Treatment of COX-2-expressing colorectal carcinoma cells with COX-2-selective NSAIDs-induced Bim expression, suggesting that Bim repression via PGE(2) signalling may be opposed by COX-2 inhibition.

Examination of Bim expression in two established in vitro models of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence revealed that downregulation of Bim expression was associated with tumour progression towards an anchorage-independent phenotype.

Finally, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Bim expression is markedly reduced in approximately 40% of human colorectal carcinomas in vivo.

These observations highlight the COX-2/PGE(2) pathway as an important negative regulator of Bim expression in colorectal tumours and suggest that Bim repression may be an important step during colorectal cancer tumorigenesis.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / etiology. Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / physiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / etiology. Cyclooxygenase 2 / physiology. Dinoprostone / physiology. Membrane Proteins / physiology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / physiology. Signal Transduction / physiology

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(PMID = 20348947.001).

[ISSN] 1476-5594

[Journal-full-title] Oncogene

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncogene

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / / A5301; United Kingdom / Cancer Research UK / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; 0 / BAD protein, human; 0 / BCL2L11 protein, human; 0 / Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; 0 / Membrane Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 0 / bcl-Associated Death Protein; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 2.7.11.24 / Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; EC 3.4.25.1 / Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; K7Q1JQR04M / Dinoprostone

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2883743; NLM/ UKMS28872

   

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[Title] Analysis of colorectal adenoma recurrence data subject to informative censoring.

The treatment effect of a colorectal polyp prevention trial is often evaluated from the colorectal adenoma recurrence status at the end of the trial.

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(PMID = 19240239.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA023074; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA023074-30; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA041108-22; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA046592; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA041108-21; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA023074-28; None / None / / P30 CA023074-30; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA041108; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA23074; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA041108-21; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P01 CA041108-22; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA41108

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cholagogues and Choleretics; 724L30Y2QR / Ursodeoxycholic Acid

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS104698; NLM/ PMC2668929

   

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The recent reports of cardiovascular adverse events in patients treated with selective Cox-2 inhibitors for colorectal adenoma prevention remind us that all therapies carry risks as well as benefits.

This article will discuss the biologic rationale for using selective Cox-2 inhibitors in cancer chemoprevention, and outline new avenues of research necessary to allow their successful use in patients at risk for colorectal cancer.

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(PMID = 17302187.001).

[ISSN] 0080-0015

[Journal-full-title] Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Recent Results Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 0 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2

[Number-of-references] 41

   

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[Title] Visceral obesity and insulin resistance as risk factors for colorectal adenoma: a cross-sectional, case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: Colorectal adenoma is known to be associated with obesity, but the association between colorectal adenoma and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT) has not been documented clearly.

In addition, the relationship between insulin resistance and colorectal adenomas, which underlies the mechanism that links obesity and colorectal adenoma, has not been studied extensively.

The aim of this study was to examine VAT area and insulin resistance as risk factors of colorectal adenoma.

VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and homeostatic metabolic assessment (HOMA) index were evaluated as potential risk factors of colorectal adenoma in 2,244 age- and sex-matched subjects.

RESULTS: According to univariate analysis, the prevalences of smoking, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and family history of colorectal cancer were higher in the adenoma group than in the normal control group.

According to the multivariate analysis adjusted for multiple confounders, VAT area was independently associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio (OR)=3.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19-4.36, highest quintile vs. lowest quintile).

Mean HOMA index was higher in the adenoma group than in the control group (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.35-2.92, highest vs. lowest quintile).

CONCLUSIONS: Visceral obesity was found to be an independent risk factor of colorectal adenoma, and insulin resistance was associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / etiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / etiology. Insulin Resistance. Intra-Abdominal Fat / pathology. Obesity / complications

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[CommentIn] Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jul;105(7):1677 [20606672.001]

(PMID = 19755965.001).

[ISSN] 1572-0241

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Lipids

   

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[Title] Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial.

We report on the cardiovascular outcomes associated with the use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib in a long-term, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial designed to determine the effect of three years of treatment with rofecoxib on the risk of recurrent neoplastic polyps of the large bowel in patients with a history of colorectal adenomas.

METHODS: A total of 2586 patients with a history of colorectal adenomas underwent randomization: 1287 were assigned to receive 25 mg of rofecoxib daily, and 1299 to receive placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a history of colorectal adenomas, the use of rofecoxib was associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.

[MeSH-major] Adenomatous Polyps / prevention & control. Cardiovascular Diseases / chemically induced. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / adverse effects. Lactones / adverse effects. Sulfones / adverse effects. Thrombosis / chemically induced

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[Copyright] Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.

[CommentIn] N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):203-4; author reply 203-5 [16801355.001]

[CommentIn] N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):204; author reply 204-5 [16838442.001]

[CommentIn] N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):113-7 [16801354.001]

[CommentIn] N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1133-5 [15713946.001]

[CommentIn] ACP J Club. 2005 Jul-Aug;143(1):2 [15989290.001]

[CommentIn] N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1131-2 [15713947.001]

[ErratumIn] N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):221

(PMID = 15713943.001).

[ISSN] 1533-4406

[Journal-full-title] The New England journal of medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] N. Engl. J. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 0 / Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; 0 / Lactones; 0 / Sulfones; 0QTW8Z7MCR / rofecoxib; R16CO5Y76E / Aspirin

   

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[Title] Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: why all the confusion?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chemoprevention provides an opportunity to complement screening for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia.

RECENT FINDINGS: A recent prospective randomized trial demonstrates that folic acid supplementation in patients with a previous history of colorectal adenomas does not reduce future colorectal adenoma risk, and may possibly increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Diet. Folic Acid / pharmacology

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(PMID = 18043232.001).

[ISSN] 1531-7056

[Journal-full-title] Current opinion in gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 935E97BOY8 / Folic Acid; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

[Number-of-references] 13

   

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[Title] Optical adjuncts for enhanced colonoscopic diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Optical techniques using previously unexploited properties of light interaction with tissue may be valuable in the detection, diagnosis and staging of colorectal neoplasia.

METHODS: A Medline search (1990 to present) was conducted on optical diagnostics in the detection of colorectal neoplasia.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chromoendoscopy is the only optical adjunct to colonoscopy that has been tested in large randomized clinical trials.

It improves the detection of small and flat colorectal adenomas, and of neoplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.

Optical techniques may, however, permit immediate clinical diagnosis, removing the need for histological analysis.

They may also improve the diagnosis of early colonic neoplasia.

[MeSH-major] Colonoscopy / methods. Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis

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[Copyright] Copyright 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(PMID = 17205497.001).

[ISSN] 0007-1323

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Surg

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Department of Health / / CSA/03/07/017

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 87

   

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[Title] Increased expression of beta-catenin, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, cyclin D1, and c-myc in laterally spreading colorectal tumors.

Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are considered a special subtype of superficial colorectal tumor.

This study was performed to characterize the clinicopathological features and examine activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in LSTs and protruded-type colorectal adenomas (PAs).

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism. Cyclin D1 / biosynthesis. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / biosynthesis. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / biosynthesis. beta Catenin / biosynthesis

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma / metabolism. Adenoma / pathology. Biomarkers, Tumor / biosynthesis. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation

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(PMID = 19064714.001).

[ISSN] 0022-1554

[Journal-full-title] The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Histochem. Cytochem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / MYC protein, human; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; 0 / beta Catenin; 136601-57-5 / Cyclin D1; EC 2.7.11.1 / glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; EC 2.7.11.26 / Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2664982

   

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[Title] FDG uptake in colonic villous adenomas.

Colonic adenomas constitute 70-80% of all colorectal polyps, and their clinical significance relates primarily to their relationship with colorectal cancer.

The malignant potential of the polyps detected by FDG-PET is unknown, as not all the colonic lesions identified by FDG-PET represent colorectal malignancies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of FDG-PET positivity within colonic villous adenomas.

A pathology database search was performed to identify all patients diagnosed with colonic villous adenoma between June 1, 1996 and December 1, 2000.

Patients with a pathologic diagnosis of colonic villous adenoma and who also had a FDG-PET study up to 1 month before colonoscopy were included in this study.

Of more than 4,000 patients, six patients were diagnosed with colonic adenoma on subsequent colonoscopy following FDG-PET study.

Based on the pathological findings, these 6 patients had a total of 2 villous and 9 tubulovillous adenomas.

Five of the 6 patients showed foci of increased FDG uptake in the region of the colon that corresponded to the villous adenoma(s) detected on colonoscopy, which accounted for a true-positive rate of 83.3% (5/6 subjects).

Focal lesions in the colon seen on FDG-PET examinations need to be investigated further, even though some of these will prove to be villous adenomas rather than colorectal carcinomas.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Villous / radionuclide imaging. Colorectal Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / pharmacokinetics. Positron-Emission Tomography / methods

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(PMID = 16097645.001).

[ISSN] 0914-7187

[Journal-full-title] Annals of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

   

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[Title] [Clinicopathological significance of expression and amplification of P21-activated kinase 1 gene in colorectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological value of the expression and amplification of P21-activated kinase 1 gene (PAK1) in colorectal carcinoma(CRC).

METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) methods were used to examine the protein expression, amplification of PAK1 and cell apoptosis in 80 cases of CRC and 30 cases of colorectal adenoma by tissue microarray.

RESULTS: IHC showed an overexpression of PAK1 protein in 26% of colorectal adenomas and 62% of CRCs.

CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of PAK1 protein may play an important role in development and progression of colorectal neoplasms and it is closely associated with the malignant histological and invasive phenotype of CRCs.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. p21-Activated Kinases / genetics

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(PMID = 19296259.001).

[ISSN] 1671-0274

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.11.1 / PAK1 protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / p21-Activated Kinases

   

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[Title] Effects of a 3-mo consumption of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on parameters of colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with or without small or large colorectal adenomas.

Intervention studies of colorectal adenoma recurrence have demonstrated the need for surrogate markers of the cancer risk.

We investigated differences in biological markers between adenoma and adenoma-free subjects, before and after 3 mo of daily intake of 10 g sc-FOS, within a multicenter study.

After a full colonoscopy, 3 groups were studied at baseline and after 3 mo: 26 subjects with small colorectal adenoma(s), 18 with large adenoma(s), and 30 with no adenoma.

At baseline, the mean fecal butyrate concentration was significantly lower in the adenoma groups than in the adenoma-free group (12.01 +/- 5.08 vs. 17.28 +/- 7.34 mmol/g dry weight) but was significantly increased in that group after 3-mo ingestion of sc-FOS (15.7 +/- 8.0 mmol/g; P = 0.02).

In subjects without adenoma, sc-FOS ingestion was associated with a decrease in fecal lithocholic acid (P = 0.02) and an increase in cholic acid (P = 0.02), chenodeoxycholic acid (P = 0.04), total primary bile acids (P = 0.03), and ursodeoxycholic acid (P = 0.05).

In subjects with and without adenoma, sc-FOS affects some aspects of the colonic environment, which may be involved in prevention of colorectal neoplasia.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / drug therapy. Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy. Feces / chemistry. Oligosaccharides / pharmacology

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(PMID = 16573377.001).

[ISSN] 0163-5581

[Journal-full-title] Nutrition and cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Nutr Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Bile Acids and Salts; 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / Butyrates; 0 / Oligosaccharides; 0 / fructooligosaccharide; 724L30Y2QR / Ursodeoxycholic Acid

   

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[Title] The diagnostic value of G-CSF measurement in the sera of colorectal cancer and adenoma patients.

Cancer cells, including colorectal cancer, can produce this cytokine.

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of measurement of G-CSF and classic tumor markers--carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in the sera of colorectal cancer with adenoma patients and to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyps.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum levels of G-CSF and tumor markers were assayed in 76 colorectal cancer, 35 colorectal adenoma patients and in 65 healthy subjects.

RESULTS: Median values of G-CSF and tumor markers were significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than those in healthy subjects.

There were significant differences in the serum levels of G-CSF between adenoma patients and healthy subjects.

The concentrations of tumor markers in colorectal cancer patients were higher than those in polyps.

Combined use of G-CSF with CEA improved their diagnostic sensitivity in colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of G-CSF might be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients, but not in the differentiation between colorectal cancer and polyps.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / diagnosis. Biomarkers, Tumor / blood. Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / blood

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(PMID = 16603145.001).

[ISSN] 0009-8981

[Journal-full-title] Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Chim. Acta

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 143011-72-7 / Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; 83869-56-1 / Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

   

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This perspective on Bertagnolli et al. (beginning on p. 588 in this issue of the journal) and Lipkin et al. (beginning on p. 597) considers the likelihood that statins have chemopreventive efficacy in the large bowel.

An observational analysis within a clinical trial of celecoxib found no benefit of statin use on the risk of colorectal adenomas (and some suggestions of an adverse effect).

On the other hand, variation in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene modified the association of statins with risk of colorectal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Chemoprevention / methods. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use

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[CommentOn] Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 May;3(5):588-96 [20403998.001]

[CommentOn] Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 May;3(5):597-603 [20403997.001]

(PMID = 20403999.001).

[ISSN] 1940-6215

[Journal-full-title] Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Prev Res (Phila)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comment; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticholesteremic Agents; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

[Number-of-references] 27

   

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[Title] Beta2-microglobulin mutations in microsatellite unstable colorectal tumors.

MSI-H cancers may develop either sporadically or in the context of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome that is caused by germline mutations of MMR genes.

In colorectal cancer (CRC), MSI-H is characterized by a dense lymphocytic infiltration, reflecting a high immunogenicity of these cancers.

To examine the implications of beta2m mutations during MSI-H colorectal tumor development, we analyzed the prevalence of beta2m mutations in MSI-H colorectal adenomas (n=38) and carcinomas (n=104) of different stages.

Mutations were observed in 6/38 (15.8%) MSI-H adenomas and 29/104 (27.9%) MSI-H CRCs.

The high frequency of beta2m mutations in HNPCC-associated MSI-H CRCs is in line with the hypothesis that immunoselection may be particularly pronounced in HNPCC patients with inherited predisposition to develop MSI-H cancers. beta2m mutations were positively related to stage in tumors without distant metastases (UICC I-III), suggesting that loss of beta2m expression may promote local progression of colorectal MSI-H tumors.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology. Microsatellite Repeats / genetics. Mutation. beta 2-Microglobulin / genetics

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[Copyright] (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

(PMID = 17373663.001).

[ISSN] 0020-7136

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / MLH1 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / beta 2-Microglobulin; EC 3.6.1.3 / MSH2 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.3 / MutS Homolog 2 Protein

   

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[Title] PTGS2 (COX-2) -765G > C promoter variant reduces risk of colorectal adenoma among nonusers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

For colorectal adenoma, odds ratios (OR) compared with PTGS2 -765GG as reference were GC 1.00 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.74-1.35] and CC 0.53 (95% CI, 0.22-1.28).

Among nonusers of aspirin or other NSAIDs, the CC genotype conferred a significant decrease in risk of adenoma (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.89).

Use of aspirin or other NSAIDs reduced risk of adenoma only among those with the -765GG (wild type) and possibly -765CG genotypes (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.92 and OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.02, respectively).

These data suggest that COX-2 expression or activity may be beneficially suppressed, and risk of colorectal polyps reduced, by aspirin or other NSAIDs in PTGS2 -765GG (wild type) individuals and by the -765 CC variant genotype in nonusers of NSAIDs.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / genetics. Adenoma / prevention & control. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Peroxidases / genetics. Polymorphism, Genetic. Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / genetics

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[ErratumIn] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Dec;14(12):3020

(PMID = 15767339.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA59045; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA89445

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 0 / Membrane Proteins; EC 1.11.1.- / Peroxidases; EC 1.14.99.1 / Cyclooxygenase 2; EC 1.14.99.1 / PTGS2 protein, human; EC 1.14.99.1 / Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

   

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[Title] [Clinical analysis of 168 cases of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence rate of multiple primary colorectal carcinomas (MPCC) in colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate its clinical and pathological characteristics.

METHODS: One hundred and sixty-eight (4.6%) patients from 3663 cases with colorectal carcinoma were diagnosed with MPCC from January 1985 to December 2003.

The clinical data of the patients were collected retrospectively to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of MPCC.

RESULTS: Of the 168 patients, 81 were diagnosed as synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SC), 72 with metachronous colorectal carcinoma (MC), 15 with both SC and MC.

The median age at time of diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma was 58 years old (range from 20 to 82 years old).

Eighteen cases (10.7%) were verified with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) while another 9 cases were highly suspected.

Fourteen patients (8.3%) were found with other malignancies out of large intestine, 41 patients (24.4%) with colorectal adenomas, 72 (42.9%) with adenoma carcinogenesis.

Among the 96 SC patients, 91 were given preoperative colonoscopy and 65 (71.4%) got the diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: MPCC should be paid more attention in colorectal cancer management.

Colonoscopic surveillance is much more important in diagnosis and follow-up of MPCC for reducing the misdiagnosis of SC and detecting more MC in time.

Prompt treatment of adenoma can reduce the occurrence of MPCC, and active and standard surgical treatment should be done for MPCC.

[MeSH-major] Colorectal Neoplasms. Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

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(PMID = 18785535.001).

[ISSN] 0529-5815

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Comparison of blood neoangiogenesis and lymphatic vascularization in colorectal adenomas from patients with and without concomitant colorectal cancer.

Most colorectal carcinomas develop from adenomas (adenoma-carcinoma sequence) in a process due to accumulation of molecular genetic alterations.

Adenomas from patients with carcinoma showed significantly higher values of total vascular area determined by immunostaining for CD105 (cutoff value = 4386 microm(2); P = 0.019) and of lymphatic microvessel density determined by immunostaining with D2-40 (cutoff value = 11.5; P = 0.041) when compared with those from patients without cancer.

The present data indicate a significant increase in blood microvascular area and in lymphatic microvascular counts in adenomas removed from patients with cancer.

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(PMID = 19466284.001).

[ISSN] 1414-431X

[Journal-full-title] Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas

[ISO-abbreviation] Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Brazil

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Biomarkers; 0 / ENG protein, human; 0 / Receptors, Cell Surface; 0 / monoclonal antibody D2-40

   

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[Title] Refining molecular analysis in the pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In the stepwise model, specific genetic and epigenetic changes accumulate as colorectal adenomas progress to carcinomas (CRCs).

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics

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(PMID = 16271343.001).

[ISSN] 1542-3565

[Journal-full-title] Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Meat intake, preparation methods, mutagens and colorectal adenoma recurrence.

Red meat intake has been shown to be associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer.

We prospectively assessed the relation between type of meat, meat preparation method, doneness, a metric of HCAs and other mutagens and colorectal adenoma recurrence among 869 participants in a chemoprevention trial of ursodeoxycholic acid.

Most meat variables assessed were positively but weakly associated with recurrence of any adenoma.

In contrast, recurrence of advanced or multiple adenomas was more strongly associated with a number of the meat exposure variables evaluated.

Significant positive associations were shown for recurrence of multiple adenomas and the following variables: processed meat (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.10-3.04), pan-fried red meat (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.01-2.61), well/very well done red meat (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.03-2.74), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5,-f]quinoxaline (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.07-2.82) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.03-2.75).

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / epidemiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology. Cooking / methods. Meat / analysis. Mutagens / analysis

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(PMID = 17690112.001).

[ISSN] 0143-3334

[Journal-full-title] Carcinogenesis

[ISO-abbreviation] Carcinogenesis

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-23074; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA-41108; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA106269; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA95060

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anticarcinogenic Agents; 0 / Mutagens; 724L30Y2QR / Ursodeoxycholic Acid

   

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[Title] Prevalence of adenomas and colorectal cancer in average risk individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is an extensive yet inconsistent body of literature reporting on the prevalence of adenomatous polyps (adenomas) and colorectal cancer among average risk individuals.

The objectives of our study were to determine the pooled prevalence of adenomas and colorectal cancer, as well as nonadvanced and advanced adenomas, among average risk North Americans.

Two reviewers independently selected cross-sectional studies reporting adenoma and colorectal cancer prevalence rates in average risk individuals and assessed studies for inclusion and quality, and extracted the data for analysis.

Pooled adenoma and colorectal cancer prevalence rates were estimated using fixed and random effects models.

RESULTS: Based on 18 included studies, the pooled prevalence of adenomas, colorectal cancer, nonadvanced adenomas, and advanced adenomas was 30.2%, 0.3%, 17.7%, and 5.7%, respectively.

Heterogeneity was observed in the pooled prevalence rates for overall adenomas, advanced adenomas, and colorectal cancer and was explained by the mean age (> or = 65 years vs < 65 years) with older cohorts reporting higher prevalence rates.

CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer, especially among older screen-eligible individuals, provides impetus for expanding colorectal cancer screening programs.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / epidemiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology

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(PMID = 19523536.001).

[ISSN] 1542-7714

[Journal-full-title] Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] Canada / Canadian Institutes of Health Research / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 40

   

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[Title] Decreased fragile histidine triad expression in colorectal cancer and its association with apoptosis inhibition.

AIM: To detect the expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, and to analyze its relationship with the clinicopathological features of CRC, and apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, survivin) and apoptosis in colorectal cancer.

Tissue microarray (TMA) was established to detect the expression of FHIT, Bcl-2, Bax and survivin genes in 80 CRC tissue specimens, 16 colorectal adenoma tissue specimens and 16 hemorrhoid (PPH) tissue specimens during the same period of time as the control.

RESULTS: Ten out of 26 (38.5%) CRC tissue specimens expressed aberrant FHIT transcripts, none of the aberrant FHIT transcripts was observed in the matched normal tissue and colorectal adenoma tissue by nested RT-PCR assay.

The positive rate of FHIT gene expression in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and carcinoma tissue was 93.75%, 68.75% and 46.25%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The FHIT gene plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis and decreased FHIT expression plays a key role in the initiation and progression of colorectal carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / metabolism. Adenocarcinoma / metabolism. Adenoma / metabolism. Apoptosis / physiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism. Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism

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[Cites] Cancer Res. 2000 Jan 1;60(1):18-21 [10646844.001]

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(PMID = 17373735.001).

[ISSN] 1007-9327

[Journal-full-title] World journal of gastroenterology

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BIRC5 protein, human; 0 / Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; 0 / Microtubule-Associated Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / bcl-2-Associated X Protein; 0 / fragile histidine triad protein; EC 3.6.- / Acid Anhydride Hydrolases

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC4146863

   

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[Title] [PI3K p85alpha expression and its role in the progression of colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of PI3K p85alpha in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and primary colorectal carcinoma and explore its significance in the progression of colorectal cancer.

METHODS: The expression of PI3K p85alpha was detected in 116 normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and primary colorectal carcinoma specimens using immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between the expression of PI3K p85alpha protein and the clinicopathological factors was analyzed.

RESULTS: The positivity rates of the expression of PI3K p85alpha protein increased gradually in the progression of colorectal cancer and showed significant differences between the tissues (P<0.05).

A significant difference was also noted in the positivity rates of the PI3K p85alpha expression in colorectal carcinoma tissues at different Dukes' stages (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal PI3K p85alpha expression occurs in the progression of colorectal cancer in close relation to the clinical stage, and the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / enzymology. Colorectal Neoplasms / enzymology. Disease Progression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma / enzymology. Adenoma / pathology. Adult. Aged. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Middle Aged. Signal Transduction. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19304514.001).

[ISSN] 1673-4254

[Journal-full-title] Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University

[ISO-abbreviation] Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.1.- / Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

   

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[Title] Food intake and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study in Malaysia.

It is well established that almost all colorectal cancers arise from benign, neoplastic adenomatous polyps.

In previous studies, intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes were found to decrease the risk for colorectal adenomas (CRA) and colorectal cancer.

In conclusion, our data support protective roles for soy, fruits and vegetables in the aetiology of colorectal adenomas and increase in risk in those with high intakes of red meat and tubers.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / etiology. Adenoma / prevention & control. Colorectal Neoplasms / etiology. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Diet. Eating

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(PMID = 20104992.001).

[ISSN] 2476-762X

[Journal-full-title] Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

[ISO-abbreviation] Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Thailand

   

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[Title] Dietary flavonoids and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial.

Two recent case-control studies suggested that some flavonoid subgroups may play a role in preventing colorectal cancer.

The Polyp Prevention Trial was a randomized dietary intervention trial, which examined the effectiveness of a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit, and high-vegetable diet on adenoma recurrence.

Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use, and dietary fiber intake) were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for both any and advanced adenoma recurrence within quartiles of energy-adjusted flavonoid intake (baseline, during the trial, and change during the trial).

Total flavonoid intake was not associated with any or advanced adenoma recurrence.

However, high intake of flavonols, which are at greater concentrations in beans, onions, apples, and tea, was associated with decreased risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (4th versus 1st quartile during the trial; odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.53; P(trend) = 0.0006).

Our data suggest that a flavonol-rich diet may decrease the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / prevention & control. Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control. Flavonoids / administration & dosage. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / prevention & control

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(PMID = 18559549.001).

[ISSN] 1055-9965

[Journal-full-title] Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Intramural NIH HHS / / Z01 BC010025-12

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Flavonoids

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS56510; NLM/ PMC2517243

   

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[Title] Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of colorectal adenomas.

Participants were part of the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study.

Cases had at least one adenoma and controls were polyp free.

Associations between dietary intakes and adenoma risk were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression with restricted cubic function spline.

In multivariate analyses of 764 cases and 1517 controls, increased intakes of total fruits, berries, fruit juice, and green leafy vegetables were associated with reduced adenoma risk.

This study provides additional evidence that high total fruit intake and certain fruit and vegetable intakes may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenomas.

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[ErratumIn] J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):667

(PMID = 19091801.001).

[ISSN] 1541-6100

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of nutrition

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Nutr.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA095103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA095103-010005; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA097386-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA097386; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01CA97386; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50CA95103; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA097386-01; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P50 CA095103-010005

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS92794; NLM/ PMC2646202

   

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[Title] A water-soluble extract from culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia suppresses the development of colorectal adenomas.

To confirm cancer-preventive effects of MAK, we performed a no-treatment concurrent controlled trial on patients with colorectal adenomas.

Patients who were determined to be carrying colorectal adenomas by colonoscopy were enrolled in this study.

Follow-up colonoscopy was performed after 12 months, and the colonoscopists recorded the size, site and macroscopic type of all adenomas.

The changes in the number of adenomas up to 12 months increased to 0.66 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SE) in the control group, while decreasing in the MAK group to -0.42 +/- 0.10 (p < 0.01).

The total size of adenomas increased to 1.73 +/- 0.28 mm in the control group and decreased to -1.40 +/- 0.64 mm in the MAK group (p < 0.01).

The resultssuggest that MAK suppresses the development of colorectal adenomas - precancerous lesions of the large bowel.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / drug therapy. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy. Mycelium / metabolism. Precancerous Conditions / drug therapy. Reishi / metabolism

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(PMID = 20518254.001).

[ISSN] 0018-2052

[Journal-full-title] Hiroshima journal of medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Hiroshima J. Med. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Culture Media, Conditioned; 059QF0KO0R / Water

   

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[Title] Polymorphisms of the XRCC1, XRCC3 and XPD genes and risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma, in a Norwegian cohort: a case control study.

For colorectal cancer the importance of mutations in mismatch repair genes has been extensively documented.

Less is known about other DNA repair pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis.

METHODS: We used a case-control study design (157 carcinomas, 983 adenomas and 399 controls) to test the association between five polymorphisms in these DNA repair genes (XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His, Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met and XPD Lys751Gln), and risk of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas in a Norwegian cohort.

RESULTS: The XRCC1 280His allele was associated with an increased risk of adenomas (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.19-4.46).

The XRCC1 399Gln allele was associated with a reduction of risk of high-risk adenomas (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.96).

Carriers of the variant XPD 751Gln allele had an increased risk of low-risk adenomas (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.89), while no association was found with risk of carcinomas.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest an increased risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia in individuals with the XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism and a reduced risk associated with the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism.

Interestingly, individuals with the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism had an increased risk of low-risk adenomas.

This may suggest a role in regression of adenomas.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / genetics. Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics. DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics. Polymorphism, Genetic. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / genetics

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(PMID = 16542436.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2407

[Journal-full-title] BMC cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1; 0 / X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3; EC 3.6.4.12 / Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; EC 5.99.- / ERCC2 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1458350