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[Title] Molecular pathology of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

The newly discovered molecular features of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas derived from follicular cells are reviewed, within the frame of the 2004 WHO classification of thyroid tumours, under the following headings: "Follicular carcinoma", "Papillary carcinoma", "Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma" and "Hürthle cell tumours".

A particular emphasis is put on the meaning of PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangements, RAS and BRAF mutations, and deletions and mutations of mitochondrial genes and of nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial enzymes, for thyroid tumorigenesis.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Oxyphilic / genetics. Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / genetics. Gene Rearrangement. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

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(PMID = 16189702.001).

[ISSN] 0945-6317

[Journal-full-title] Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Virchows Arch.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / PAX8 Transcription Factor; 0 / PAX8 protein, human; 0 / PPAR gamma; 0 / Paired Box Transcription Factors; EC 2.7.11.1 / BRAF protein, human; EC 2.7.11.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf

[Number-of-references] 70

   

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[Title] A case of acromegaly and disseminated follicular thyroid carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: A particularly challenging case of concurrent acromegaly and follicular thyroid carcinoma in a patient of the Clinic of Endocrinology, UJCM in Krakow is discussed.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 59-year-old male with post total thyroidectomy performed in 2005 and histopathologically confirmed metastases of the follicular thyroid carcinoma to the lungs was admitted to the Clinic in April 2006 for complementary ¹³¹I treatment.

Pre-therapeutic whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) revealed numerous conjoined hot spots of ¹³¹I accumulation in both lungs and in thyroid remnants.

Post-therapeutic WBS in November 2006 revealed complete ablation of the thyroid remnants.

CONCLUSIONS: Disseminated thyroid cancer in a patient with pituitary insufficiency may be successfully treated by rhTSH-supported ¹³¹I treatment.

[MeSH-major] Acromegaly / etiology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular. Humans. Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use. Lung Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging. Lung Neoplasms / secondary. Male. Middle Aged. Radionuclide Imaging. Thyroglobulin / therapeutic use. Thyroid Neoplasms / complications. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / secondary. Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy. Thyroidectomy

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(PMID = 21049465.001).

[ISSN] 0423-104X

[Journal-full-title] Endokrynologia Polska

[ISO-abbreviation] Endokrynol Pol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 9010-34-8 / Thyroglobulin

   

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[Title] Immunohistochemical study of oestrogen receptors in 351 human thyroid glands.

INTRODUCTION: It is well recognised that the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases is complex and different factors such as genetic factors, iodine deficiency, sex, age, radiation therapy in childhood, growth stimulating antibodies, and other epithelial growth factors can influence them.

Epidemiological features of thyroid tumours and experimental evidence suggest that female sex hormones may exert effects on the thyroid gland and its neoplasms.

This possibility was addressed by investigating the expression of oestrogen receptor protein in 351 thyroid lesions.

METHODS: The tissues from 351 human thyroid glands comprising 130 nodular goitres and 221 neoplastic lesions were used for the present immunohistochemical assessment of oestrogen receptor expression.

RESULTS: Incidence of oestrogen receptor positive cases were 24 percent (31/130) for nodular goitres, 22 percent (8/37) for follicular adenomas, 11 percent (2/18) for follicular carcinomas, 31 percent (37/119) for papillary carcinomas, zero percent (0/35) for medullary carcinomas and zero percent (0/12) for undifferentiated carcinomas.

The incidence of oestrogen receptor positivity, which is compatible with other studies, is higher in well-differentiated thyroid lesions.

CONCLUSION: The relatively high proportion of oestrogen receptor positivity in goitres, follicular adenomas and papillary carcinomas, compared with its reactivity in other thyroid neoplasms, and contrasted against normal thyroid tissue, suggests that the incidence of oestrogen receptor reactivity tends to increase with better differentiation of thyroid lesions.

This finding may have clinical relevance.

[MeSH-major] Goiter / metabolism. Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism. Thyroid Gland / metabolism. Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / metabolism. Adenoma / metabolism. Adult. Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male

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(PMID = 17657383.001).

[ISSN] 0037-5675

[Journal-full-title] Singapore medical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Singapore Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Singapore

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Estrogen

   

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[Title] Urokinase receptor, MMP-1 and MMP-9 are markers to differentiate prognosis, adenoma and carcinoma in thyroid malignancies.

The identification of high-risk patients with thyroid cancer and the preoperative differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma remain clinically challenging.

Our study was conducted to analyze whether the quantification of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) and transcription factor binding to the u-PAR promoter improve prognostic predictability and differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors.

Tumor/normal tissue was collected from 69 prospectively followed patients with thyroid carcinomas (papillary, medullary, follicular and anaplastic, PTC, MTC, FTC and ATC) or follicular adenomas.

Carcinomas except MTC expressed significantly more u-PAR/MMPs than adenomas/normal tissues, this being associated with advanced pT- or M-stages.

MMP-1 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in follicular carcinomas than in adenomas.

In carcinomas, high u-PAR-gene expression correlated significantly with high MMP-9, the latter being associated with MMP-7 in normal tissues.

Poor survival in differentiated tumors was associated in trend (p = 0.07); poor survival of all patients (p = 0.043) and especially of patients with carcinomas of follicular origin (including ATC), but not medullary carcinomas, were significantly associated with high u-PAR-protein (p = 0.015).

Quantification of u-PAR is of prognostic relevance in thyroid carcinomas of non-c-cell origin, and u-PAR in part may be regulated nontranscriptionally in thyroid cancers.

This is the first study to suggest MMP-1/-9 as significant differentiation markers between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma.

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / metabolism. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism. Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / metabolism. Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / metabolism. Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Adult. Aged. Blotting, Western. Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay. Female. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Luciferases. Male. Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / metabolism. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics. RNA, Messenger / genetics. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Transfection

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(PMID = 19480010.001).

[ISSN] 1097-0215

[Journal-full-title] International journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / RNA, Messenger; 0 / Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; EC 1.13.12.- / Luciferases; EC 3.4.24.23 / MMP7 protein, human; EC 3.4.24.23 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; EC 3.4.24.35 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; EC 3.4.24.7 / Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

   

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[Title] The influence of gender, age, and RET polymorphisms on C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: RET germline mutations predispose to the development of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC).

However, the findings regarding their influence on the clinical course and biological behavior of this disorder are discordant.

To clarify the contradictory findings, we studied the association of certain SNPs considering age, gender, and histopathology in a large Austrian cohort with C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) and MTC.

METHODS: Genotyping of SNPs located in RET codons 691, 769, 836, and 904 from 199 patients with MTC and CCH (basal calcitonin > 10 pg/mL, pentagastrin stimulated > 100 pg/mL) was performed, and the results were analyzed considering gender, age at diagnosis, and histopathology.

In sMTC and sporadic CCH (sCCH) no significant association of SNP frequency with the age at diagnosis was found.

In patients with sporadic C-cell disease (sCCH and sMTC), 3.7 times more males than females suffered synchronously from papillary or follicular thyroid cancer (20/97 [20.6%] males; 3/54 [5.6%] females; p = 0.02).

In contrast to males, the ratio of CCH to total C-cell disease was significantly higher in females with hereditary (26/32, 81%) compared to those with sporadic disease (27/54, 50%; p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS: In this study RET SNPs had no clinical impact on the development of sporadic C-cell disease when the age of diagnosis or gender is considered.

C-cell disease seems to predispose males to the development of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Medullary / genetics. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / genetics. Thyroid Gland / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Age Factors. Aged. Calcitonin / blood. Female. Gene Frequency. Humans. Hyperplasia / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide. Sex Factors. Thyroidectomy

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(PMID = 18976163.001).

[ISSN] 1557-9077

[Journal-full-title] Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

[ISO-abbreviation] Thyroid

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 9007-12-9 / Calcitonin; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret

   

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[Title] Primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney: report of 6 cases of a histologically distinctive adult renal epithelial neoplasm.

Thyroidization of kidney reminiscent of thyroid follicles with accumulation of inspissated colloid-like material in renal tubules is a hallmark of chronic pyelonephritis.

We identified 6 tumors in the kidney, distinct from currently known subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, with a striking histology that closely mimicked well-differentiated thyroid follicular neoplasms and raised the possibility of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma.

All tumors were encapsulated and exclusively demonstrated follicular architecture comprising of microfollicles and macrofollicles containing inspissated colloid-like material.

The tumors were nonimmunoreactive with thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor 1 and for markers contemporarily used for renal differentiation.

The tumors had a gene expression profile distinct from clear cell and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Mean follow-up of 47.3 months (range: 7 to 84 mo) showed that 5 patients had no evidence of disease and 1 developed a metastasis to the renal hilar lymph nodes in which the follicular architecture with colloid was retained.

Thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma represents a unique histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma of low malignant potential and its primary importance is to distinguish it from metastatic carcinoma from the thyroid.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Kidney Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / pathology

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(PMID = 19047894.001).

[ISSN] 1532-0979

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Impact of the 2009 American Thyroid Association guidelines on the choice of operation for well-differentiated thyroid microcarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: The 2009 ATA Guidelines state "lobectomy alone may be sufficient treatment for small (< 1 cm), low risk, unifocal, intrathyroidal papillary carcinomas in the absence of . . . nodal metastases."

METHODS: Medical records of 346 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) who underwent thyroidectomy from January 1, 2007 to November 10, 2009, were reviewed.

All but 2 patients had papillary cancer.

CONCLUSION: We recommend that total thyroidectomy be considered as the initial operation for thyroid tumors 6-10 mm in size in which the preoperative FNAB is diagnostic or suspicious for WDTC.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / surgery. Practice Guidelines as Topic. Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery. Thyroidectomy / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Biopsy, Fine-Needle / methods. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Functional Laterality. Humans. Lymph Nodes / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Preoperative Period. Retrospective Studies

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 21134555.001).

[ISSN] 1532-7361

[Journal-full-title] Surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgery

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Flow pattern and vascular resistive index as predictors of malignancy risk in thyroid follicular neoplasms.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether flow pattern and resistive index (RI) are useful parameters for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid follicular neoplasms (FNs).

METHODS: Eighty-six thyroid nodules that underwent sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration and were diagnosed as cases of FN were evaluated by power and duplex Doppler sonography.

RESULTS: Ten nodules (11.63%) were malignant (3 follicular carcinomas, 5 follicular variants of papillary carcinoma, and 2 papillary carcinomas).

The average RI in non-neoplastic nodules was 0.588 (P < .001, chi(2) test): 0.662 in adenomas and 0.763 in malignant nodules.

None of the nodules had flow pattern type 0.

Flow patterns 1 and 2 (peripheral flow only or predominantly) were present in 58 non-neoplastic nodules (93.5%), 10 adenomas (71.4%), and 2 malignant nodules (20%).

Flow pattern type 3 (predominantly central flow) was present in 7 malignant nodules (70%), 4 adenomas (28.6%), and 4 non-neoplastic nodules (6.5%).

Only 1 nodule, a papillary carcinoma, had flow pattern type 4 (internal flow only).

CONCLUSIONS: In FNs, there were significant positive associations between predominantly central flow and malignancy and between predominantly peripheral flow and benign disease (P < .0001, Fisher exact test).

However, power Doppler characteristics could not be used to rule out malignancy because 20% of malignant nodules had predominantly peripheral flow.

Resistive index values in non-neoplastic nodules were lower than in adenomas and malignant nodules (P < .001, chi(2) test).

[MeSH-major] Adenoma / blood supply. Adenoma / diagnosis. Carcinoma / blood supply. Carcinoma / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / blood supply. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Vascular Resistance

[MeSH-minor] Humans. Predictive Value of Tests. Regional Blood Flow. Reproducibility of Results. Risk Factors. Sensitivity and Specificity. Statistics, Nonparametric. Thyroid Nodule / blood supply. Thyroid Nodule / ultrasonography. Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / methods. Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / methods

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(PMID = 15972703.001).

[ISSN] 0278-4297

[Journal-full-title] Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J Ultrasound Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Clinical Trial; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Prognostic factors of recurrence in encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases.

BACKGROUND: Follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland, including its oncocytic variant (so-called Hurthle cell carcinoma), are subdivided into the indolent encapsulated ("minimally invasive") and the clinically aggressive widely invasive tumors.

There are, however, cases of encapsulated follicular carcinoma that recur and metastasize.

Identifying these cases at the time of diagnosis is crucial for prognostic and therapeutic considerations.

Because to the authors' knowledge most studies do not focus exclusively on the encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma (EHC), the current study attempted to identify predictors of recurrence in EHC.

METHODS: A tumor was defined as EHC if it was encapsulated, macroscopically well defined with microscopic but no macroscopic evidence of vascular or capsular invasion, and composed of > 75% follicular oncocytic cells.

Retrospective chart review and microscopic examination identified 50 primary tumors meeting the above criteria at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1967 and 2005.

RESULTS: Seven of 50 (14%) patients developed disease recurrence.

The finding of a solid/trabecular growth and mitosis correlated with the presence of numerous foci (> or = 4) of vascular invasion (P = .01 and P = .005, respectively).

[MeSH-major] Adenoma, Oxyphilic / pathology. Adenoma, Oxyphilic / secondary. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

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[Copyright] 2006 American Cancer Society

(PMID = 16534796.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] Familial thyroid carcinoma: a diagnostic algorithm.

Thyroid carcinomas derived from follicular cells are the most common endocrine malignancies, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type.

Although, the majority of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) are sporadic, familial forms have been described in recent years.

Familial syndromes are classified into familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma.

Multifocal papillary carcinoma is the most frequent presentation of familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma, and based on clinico-pathologic findings it is divided into 2 groups.

The first includes familial syndromes characterized by a predominance of nonthyroidal tumors, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, PTEN-hamartoma tumor syndrome, Carney complex type 1, and Werner syndrome.

The second group includes familial syndromes characterized by a predominance of NMTC, such as pure familial (f) PTC with or without oxyphilia, fPTC with papillary renal cell carcinoma, and fPTC with multinodular goiter.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is derived from calcitonin-producing C cells.

The familial form accounts for 20% to 25% of cases, and is usually a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIA or IIB, or presents as pure familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome.

C-cell hyperplasia is the precursor lesion of these heritable syndromes.

Some characteristic morphologic findings should alert the pathologist of a possible familial cancer syndrome, which may lead to further molecular genetic evaluation.

[MeSH-major] Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / genetics. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / pathology. Adult. Algorithms. Carcinoma, Medullary / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Medullary / genetics. Carcinoma, Medullary / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Papillary / genetics. Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / genetics. Female. Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / pathology. Humans. Middle Aged. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / pathology. Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / diagnosis. Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / genetics. PTEN Phosphohydrolase / genetics

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(PMID = 18948764.001).

[ISSN] 1533-4031

[Journal-full-title] Advances in anatomic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Adv Anat Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 3.1.3.67 / PTEN Phosphohydrolase

[Number-of-references] 94

   

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[Title] Compurerized morphometric study of thyroid follicular carcinoma in correlation with known prognostic factors.

This study investigates the correlation between computer-assisted nuclear morphometry and known prognostic factors in thyroid follicular carcinoma.

Thirty-six patients with thyroid follicular carcinoma who underwent surgery between 1991 and 2001 were grouped according to sex, age, size of the primary lesion, the presence of vascular invasion, and metastases.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Cell Nucleus / pathology. Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis

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(PMID = 15825691.001).

[ISSN] 1607-551X

[Journal-full-title] The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] China (Republic : 1949- )

   

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[Title] Charcoal suspension tattoo localization for differentiated thyroid cancer recurrence.

BACKGROUND: The high sensitivity of ultrasound and thyroglobulin determination for follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer allows early detection of nonpalpable recurrences.

METHODS: Prospective study of 15 consecutive patients with suspected recurrence of differentiated carcinoma.

RESULTS: The injection was well tolerated.

Surgery removed 18 lesions (95%) in 14 patients (93%): carcinoma (16), benign lymphadenitis (2).

CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided charcoal tattooing is safe, easy, and well-tolerated for localization of nonpalpable lesions in previously operated necks, with a high rate of success.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Papillary / diagnosis. Cell Differentiation. Charcoal. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis

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(PMID = 19551443.001).

[ISSN] 1534-4681

[Journal-full-title] Annals of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Surg. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal; 9010-34-8 / Thyroglobulin

   

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[Title] From Mount Sinai to Mount Scopus: differences in the role and value of fine needle aspiration for evaluating thyroid nodules.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration is the main diagnostic tool used to assess thyroid nodules.

Results compared FNA diagnosis, histological findings and frozen section results (Mt. Sinai only).

"Follicular lesion" was diagnosed on FNA in 33.1% of the patients at Hadassah and in 21.5% at Mt Sinai (P < 0.005) with a malignancy rate of 42.5 vs. 23.1% (P < 0.05), respectively.

Follicular carcinoma was diagnosed in 12 patients at Hadassah vs. 2 patients at Mt.

Follicular lesions and the rate of malignancy in such lesions were more common at Hadassah, favoring a more aggressive surgical approach.

[MeSH-major] Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Thyroid Nodule / pathology

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(PMID = 19637507.001).

[ISSN] 1565-1088

[Journal-full-title] The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ

[ISO-abbreviation] Isr. Med. Assoc. J.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Israel

   

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[Title] Utility of malignancy markers in fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: comparison of Hector Battifora mesothelial antigen-1, thyroid peroxidase and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV.

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic interest of Hector Battifora mesothelial antigen-1 (HBME-1), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP4) in thyroid fine-needle aspirates obtained from 200 resected thyroid lesions (55 colloid nodules, 54 follicular adenomas, 59 papillary cancers, and 32 follicular carcinomas).

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and optimal cutoff values for diagnosing malignancy were determined.

The TPO ROC curve was consistently higher than the HBME-1 ROC curve.

The TPO curve was also higher than the DPP4 curve with regard to sensitivity, but dipped below the DPP4 curve with regard to specificity.

Due to poor performance on follicular lesions, HBME-1 showed no advantage over TPO or DPP4.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / metabolism. Autoantigens / metabolism. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / metabolism. Iodide Peroxidase / metabolism. Iron-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Biopsy, Needle. Cytodiagnosis. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. ROC Curve. Sensitivity and Specificity. Thyroid Nodule / metabolism. Thyroid Nodule / pathology

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[Cites] Mod Pathol. 2005 Apr;18(4):541-6 [15529186.001]

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(PMID = 18212751.001).

[ISSN] 0007-0920

[Journal-full-title] British journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Br. J. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Autoantigens; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / HBME-1 antigen; 0 / Iron-Binding Proteins; EC 1.11.1.7 / TPO protein, human; EC 1.11.1.8 / Iodide Peroxidase; EC 3.4.14.5 / DPP4 protein, human; EC 3.4.14.5 / Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2259194

   

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[Title] Reoperation for recurrent/persistent well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Reoperative surgery in the neck for recurrent/persistent well-differentiated thyroid cancer is associated with increased morbidity compared with primary surgery.

When performing reoperative surgery, an algorithm should be followed that allows for safe and effective removal of recurrent/persistent disease.

This algorithm should include a systematic review of prior operative and pathology notes, imaging studies appropriate for localization of disease, an understanding of reoperative central and lateral neck anatomy, along with an appreciation for disease behavior.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / surgery. Carcinoma, Medullary / surgery. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / surgery. Neoplasm, Residual / surgery. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20510718.001).

[ISSN] 1557-8259

[Journal-full-title] Otolaryngologic clinics of North America

[ISO-abbreviation] Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 46

   

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[Title] Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of 131I therapy between three groups of DTC patients who received 30, 60 or 100 mCi for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy and were postoperatively judged with low risk of cancer recurrence.

The present study comprises the long-term assessment of the disease course in 3 study groups.

RESULTS: A group of 309 DTC patients (285 women and 24 men) with no clinical, histopathological, sonographical or biochemical signs of persistent disease were included after total thyroidectomy and appropriate extent of neck lymph node dissection (265 with papillary and 44 with follicular thyroid cancer).

For radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation, 30 mCi of 131I was applied in 86 patients, whereas 60 mCi in 128 and 100 mCi in 95 patients.

In the first evaluation, published previously, we observed that because of incomplete thyroid remnant ablation, the second 131I treatment was necessary in 10% patients, without difference between groups treated with 60 and 100 mCi and in 22% patients treated with 30 mCi.

To evaluate the long-term outcome of the adjuvant 131I treatment, the course of the follow-up and the most recent disease status were assessed by sonography, radiological examinations and serum Tg estimation (on LT4-suppressive treatment).

CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in the 5 years efficacy of thyroid remnant radioiodine ablation using 30, 60 and 100 mCi were observed in low-risk DTC patients operated by total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection.

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(PMID = 21040579.001).

[ISSN] 1756-6614

[Journal-full-title] Thyroid research

[ISO-abbreviation] Thyroid Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2989933

   

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[Title] Comparison of outcomes after (123)I versus (131)I pre-ablation imaging before radioiodine ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Detection of residual tissue after thyroidectomy for papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma may be performed using diagnostic imaging with either (123)I or (131)I.

The former is often preferred to avoid "stunning"-defined as a reduction in uptake of the therapeutic dose of (131)I caused by some form of cell damage from the diagnostic dosage of the radionuclide.

This study examines the outcomes of ablative (131)I therapy after diagnostic studies with either (123)I or (131)I to determine if the diagnostic dosages of these radionuclides used in our Thyroid Cancer Center reduce the efficacy of (131)I given for remnant ablation.

METHODS: Fifty patients with nonmetastatic papillary or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid received total thyroidectomy; this was followed by thyroid hormone withdrawal to achieve a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level in excess of 30 microIU/mL.

Group 1 had diagnostic imaging with 14.8 MBq of (123)I followed by thyroid remnant ablation with 3.7 GBq of (131)I.

Successful ablation required a negative follow-up thyroid scan 6-8 mo after ablation and also an undetectable serum thyroglobulin level in the absence of antithyroglobulin antibodies.

CONCLUSION: If thyroid remnant stunning occurs due to 74 MBq (131)I used as a diagnostic agent before (131)I ablation, it has no significant clinical correlate, as it yields the same ablation rate as that which occurs after 14.8 MBq of (123)I used for imaging.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / radionuclide imaging. Carcinoma, Papillary / radionuclide imaging. Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use. Radiopharmaceuticals / therapeutic use. Thyroid Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Thyroid Hormones / blood. Thyroidectomy. Treatment Outcome

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[CommentIn] J Nucl Med. 2008 Jan;49(1):166; author reply 166-7 [18165699.001]

(PMID = 17574976.001).

[ISSN] 0161-5505

[Journal-full-title] Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Nucl. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodine Radioisotopes; 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 0 / Thyroid Hormones

   

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[Title] A rare case of skull base metastasis from follicular carcinoma of thyroid.

We are reporting a case of skull base metastasis from follicular carcinoma of thyroid in an adult lady.

She presented with the history of a longstanding thyroid swelling and recent onset epistaxis and diplopia.

She was evaluated and diagnosed to have follicular carcinoma of thyroid with metastasis to the skull base.

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(PMID = 22693385.001).

[ISSN] 0976-6952

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of surgical oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Surg Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3244260

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Follicular carcinoma / Metastasis / Skull base / Thyroid

   

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[Title] Incidental parathyroid adenoma mimicking tumor recurrence in a patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma.

We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of follicular thyroid cancer who had reoperation for suspected local tumor recurrence as laboratory (tumor marker), imaging findings (ultrasound, I-131 scintigraphy and Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy), and also fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology were equivocal.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / radionuclide imaging. Adenoma / radionuclide imaging. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / radionuclide imaging. Parathyroid Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging. Thyroid Neoplasms / radionuclide imaging

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Incidental Findings. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 16424689.001).

[ISSN] 0363-9762

[Journal-full-title] Clinical nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] High frequency of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in human thyroid carcinomas and complex I respiratory defect in thyroid cancer cell lines.

Significant progress has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that determine thyroid tumor development and progression.

The potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in thyroid tumorigenesis is not well defined.

In the present study, we investigated the frequency of mtDNA mutations in 24 thyroid tumor specimens (19 primary papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), one follicular thyroid carcinoma, and four multinodular hyperplasias) and four thyroid cancer cell lines by sequencing the entire coding regions of mitochondrial genome.

All the thyroid tumor cell lines carried sequence variations that change amino acid and have not been reported previously as normal sequence variants.

Flow cytometry analysis of mitochondria respiratory function in the thyroid tumor cell lines revealed a severe defect in mitochondrial complex I activity.

The mutations were either A --> G or C --> T transitions, often resulting in a change of a moderately or highly conserved amino acid of their corresponding protein.

These data suggest that mtDNA mutations may play an important role in the thyroid tumorigenesis.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / genetics. DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics. Electron Transport Complex I / physiology. Mutation / genetics. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. Humans. Neoplasm Staging

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(PMID = 15608681.001).

[ISSN] 0950-9232

[Journal-full-title] Oncogene

[ISO-abbreviation] Oncogene

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Mitochondrial; EC 1.6.5.3 / Electron Transport Complex I

   

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Sixteen of these foci of increased uptake were hyperplastic parathyroid glands, six were adenomas, one was a parathyroid carcinoma and one was a thyroid follicular carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: We believe 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT to be a more reliable presurgical method to study a patient subgroup affected by PHP or SHP in whom conventional US and other scintigraphic methods have failed for intrinsic reasons due to the concomitant presence of multinodular goitre or ectopic parathyroid gland.

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(PMID = 17021682.001).

[ISSN] 0033-8362

[Journal-full-title] La Radiologia medica

[ISO-abbreviation] Radiol Med

[Language] eng; ita

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Radiopharmaceuticals; 971Z4W1S09 / Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi

   

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[Title] [Treatment of microcarcinoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid].

[Transliterated title] Trattamento del microcarcinoma e del carcinoma papillifero della tiroide.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Of our is to demonstrate that total thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy of the six level is effective in papillary thyroid carcinomas than for microcarcinoma, according to recent acquisitions on the biological behavior of some microcarcinoma.

RESULTS: Of all the interventions of total thyroidectomy, 75% performed for benign disease and 25% for malignant disease (PTMC 356 cases, 291 PTC cases, 56 cases of follicular carcinoma, 5 cases of medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, 2 cases).

40% of PTMC underwent TT and subsequent follow up, because the diagnosis was placed postoperatively and in 60% diagnosis was placed during surgery with indication for TT and lymphadenectomy of the sixth level and subsequent follow-up showed no evidence of residual disease or relapse.

All patients in the follow-up post-operatively does not show in the following years, signs of residual disease or relapse.

This applies to papillary carcinomas than for microcarcinoma whose surgical treatment (total thyroidectomy, lobectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy or near-total) is still debated.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Papillary / surgery. Lymph Node Excision. Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery. Thyroidectomy

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(PMID = 20726389.001).

[ISSN] 0003-469X

[Journal-full-title] Annali italiani di chirurgia

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Ital Chir

[Language] ita

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

   

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[Title] Carcinoma thyroid in multi and uninodular goiter.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and profile of carcinoma in multi-nodular goiter and solitary thyroid nodule.

METHODOLOGY: Cases with solitary thyroid nodules and multi-nodular goiter were included.

Patients under 12 years of age, cystic benign lesion in solitary thyroid nodules or those multi-nodular goiters which were not causing pressure symptoms, cosmetic problems or sign of malignancy were excluded.

In solitary thyroid nodule, hemithyroidectomy was done and if histopathology examination revealed carcinoma thyroid then completion thyroidectomy was done.

Results were described as frequency percentages and mean.

RESULTS: Out of 397 patients of multi-nodular goiter only one patient was found to be papillary carcinoma (0.25%).

In 220 patients of solitary thyroid nodules, 93 patients were diagnosed as carcinoma of thyroid (42.27%).

Others diagnosed in solitary thyroid nodule were thyroid adenoma, colloid goiter, thyroiditis and multi-nodular goiter.

The frequency of papillary carcinoma in 65.95% occuring females of 12-30 years of age and being multifocal in 6.45%, follicular carcinoma in 23.40%, medullary carcinoma in 7.44%, anaplastic carcinoma in 2.12% and lymphoma in 1.01%.

Female were predominantly involved and papillary carcinoma was common in 12-30 years of age (71.63%) and follicular was common in 30-40 years of age (68.18%).

6.45% of papillary carcinoma was found to be multifocal in nature.

CONCLUSION: Frequency of carcinoma of thyroid is very high in solitary thyroid nodule (42.27%), but markedly low in multinodular goiter.

Papillary carcinoma is the most common variety, most of in younger female.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma / epidemiology. Carcinoma / pathology. Goiter, Nodular / pathology. Thyroid Nodule / epidemiology. Thyroid Nodule / pathology

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(PMID = 20642922.001).

[ISSN] 1022-386X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

[ISO-abbreviation] J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Pakistan

   

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[Title] Endogenous avidin biotin activity (EABA) in thyroid pathology: immunohistochemical study.

The aim of our investigation is to study presence of endogenous avidin biotin activity (EABA) in thyrocytes originating from various thyroid pathological lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of surgically resected thyroid tissue from 97 patients with thyroid diseases: 65 patients with papillary carcinoma (PTC), 11 patients with nodular goiter in whom features of benign papillary hyperplasia were found, 9 with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), 8 with follicular adenoma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma.

Normal surrounding thyroid tissues showed absence or weak EABA.

CONCLUSION: Among thyroid lesions, false positive reactions are highly probable in papillary thyroid carcinoma and in lymphocytic thyroiditis if immunohistochemical detection is used on systems containing (strept)avidin.

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(PMID = 19351422.001).

[ISSN] 1756-6614

[Journal-full-title] Thyroid research

[ISO-abbreviation] Thyroid Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2678080

   

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[Title] Gene profiling identifies genes specific for well-differentiated epithelial thyroid tumors.

Thyroid nodules are common.

To that end we have studied gene profiles of 5 types of benign and malignant thyroid nodular tissue (multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, papillary and follicular carcinomas).

Despite the differences in the microarray panels used, we confirmed the differential regulation of 12 genes previously reported in thyroid cancer, although we found the expression of several genes to be regulated in other histological tumor subtypes than originally described.

We found, PCSK2, TRIB1, RAP1 GA1 to be specifically overexpressed in follicular cancer and S100A4 and GK2 in papillary carcinoma.

SERP1, RNASE 2 and STATA5 were suppressed in papillary thyroid cancer.

We have thus identified new potential markers specific to malignant thyroid tumors.

It is apparent that a range of nodular thyroid tissue using large tumor sample numbers is necessary to establish robust markers for malignancy and to categorize tumors on the basis of small tumor samples.

[MeSH-major] Gene Expression Profiling. Genes, Neoplasm. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / genetics. Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / physiopathology. Adenoma / diagnosis. Adenoma / genetics. Adenoma / physiopathology. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Biopsy, Fine-Needle. Carcinoma, Papillary / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Papillary / genetics. Carcinoma, Papillary / physiopathology. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Goiter, Nodular / diagnosis. Goiter, Nodular / genetics. Goiter, Nodular / physiopathology. Humans. Microscopy, Confocal. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis. Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 16171553.001).

[ISSN] 1165-158X

[Journal-full-title] Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

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Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural deafness, goiter, and impaired iodide organification.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma and Hürthle cell adenoma were found in affected members of a family, raising the possibility of an increased risk of thyroid carcinoma in Pendred syndrome patients.

The identification of these two frequent PDS mutations will facilitate the molecular diagnosis of Pendred syndrome in Thai populations.

[MeSH-minor] Adenoma, Oxyphilic / genetics. Adult. Alleles. Female. Humans. Iodides / metabolism. Male. Middle Aged. Pedigree. Risk Factors. Syndrome. Thailand. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

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(PMID = 18250610.001).

[ISSN] 1720-8386

[Journal-full-title] Journal of endocrinological investigation

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Endocrinol. Invest.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Iodides; 0 / Membrane Transport Proteins; 0 / SLC26A4 protein, human

   

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[Title] A rare case of follicular thyroid carcinoma in ovarian struma.

Struma ovarii is a form of specialised mature teratoma, with predominantly mature thyroid tissue in an ovarian teratoma as seen in 2% of cases.

Its malignant transformation is even rarer and is seen in only 5% of those cases.

This 40-year-old female patient had an incidental finding of a pelvic mass during investigation of secondary amenorrhoea.

The histopathology revealed a bilateral mature teratoma of the ovary with follicular thyroid carcinoma in the right ovarian struma (malignant struma).

The patient remains well after four years and is being followed-up with serial serum thyroglobulin surveillance.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Ovarian Neoplasms / pathology. Struma Ovarii / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 18939380.001).

[ISSN] 1479-666X

[Journal-full-title] The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland

[ISO-abbreviation] Surgeon

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Scotland

   

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[Title] [Childhood thyroid carcinoma: clinical analyses of 22 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyroid carcinoma is rarely occurred in children.

Clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy and prognosis of childhood thyroid carcinoma patients are different from those of adult patients, and the treatment of this disease is controversial.

This study was to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of thyroid carcinoma in children.

METHODS: Clinical data of 22 children under the age of 14, diagnosed as thyroid carcinoma between Jan.

Of the 22 patients, 8 (36.4%) had papillary carcinoma, 8 (36.4%) had follicular carcinoma, 5(22.7%) had mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma, and 1 (4.5%) had medullary carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood thyroid carcinomas are mostly differentiated carcinomas, with high frequency of cervical lymph node metastases.

The optimal treatment for thyroid carcinoma in children may improve the quality of life and decrease the incidence of complications.

[MeSH-major] Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 18334124.001).

[Journal-full-title] Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Ai Zheng

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

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[Title] Cordycepin induces apoptosis of CGTH W-2 thyroid carcinoma cells through the calcium-calpain-caspase 7-PARP pathway.

We used CGTH W-2, a follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line, to study the mechanism of the anticancer effect of cordycepin.

Cordycepin decreased cell viability and resulted in apoptosis but not necrosis.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / pharmacology. Apoptosis / drug effects. Calcium / metabolism. Calpain / metabolism. Caspase 7 / metabolism. Deoxyadenosines / pharmacology. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / metabolism. Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cell Line, Tumor. Cordyceps / chemistry. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects. Humans. Signal Transduction / drug effects

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(PMID = 20961042.001).

[ISSN] 1520-5118

[Journal-full-title] Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Agric. Food Chem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 0 / Deoxyadenosines; 73-03-0 / cordycepin; EC 2.4.2.30 / Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; EC 3.4.22.- / Calpain; EC 3.4.22.- / Caspase 7; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

   

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[Title] Expression of c-kit, Flk-1, and Flk-2 receptors in benign and malignant tumors of follicular epithelial origin.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiologic as well as pathologic angiogenesis.

The response of VEGF to endothelial cell mitogenesis and survival, as well as angiogenesis and microvascular permeability, is mainly mediated through its receptor-2, VEGFR2 (kinase domain receptor or fetal liver kinase-1, KDR or Flk-1).

This study aimed to detect the expression of VEGFR2 in various forms of thyroid tumors.

In addition, the expression of Flk-2 (receptor for Flt-3) and c-Kit (receptor for steel locus factor), which shows strong similarity to Flk-1, was also examined in thyroid tumors.

METHODS: RT-PCR analyses of c-Kit and immunohistochemical staining of c-Kit, Flk-1, and Flk-2 were performed in archived samples of 18 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 9 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 12 follicular adenoma (FA), and 7 nodular goiter (NG) samples.

RESULTS: By RT-PCR analyses, c-Kit expression was detected in 22% (4/18) of PTC, 22% (2/9) of FTC, 25% (3/12) of FA, and 57% (4/7) of NG samples.

However, positive immunostaining signals of c-Kit were only observed in 17% (3/18) of PTC samples, and not in the others.

Interestingly, the expression of Flk-2 was found in 89% (16/18) of PTC, 89% (8/9) of FTC, 75% (9/12) of FA, and 29% (2/7) of NG samples.

An inverse relationship of thyroid cancer size with Flk-2 expression was found.

CONCLUSION: Flk-2 expression was detected in various forms of thyroid tumors and increased Flk-2 expression was correlated with thyroid tumors with increased transforming activity, suggesting that Flk-2 is involved in pathogenic development of thyroid malignancy.

Similarly, Flk-1 expression was also found in some thyroid tumors, while the expression of c-Kit-mediated pathways may not play a major role in thyroid tumorigenesis.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / chemistry. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / analysis. Thyroid Neoplasms / chemistry. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / analysis. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / analysis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Carcinoma, Papillary / chemistry. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Middle Aged. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 16570574.001).

[ISSN] 1726-4901

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

[ISO-abbreviation] J Chin Med Assoc

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China (Republic : 1949- )

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / FLT3 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; EC 2.7.10.1 / Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

   

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[Title] Prognostic values of thyroid tumours.

Thyroid cancer accounts for approximately 1% of total cancer cases in developed countries.

The aim of this study has been to analyze the histopathological variants of thyroid tumours with regard to gender and age.

During the period from 2001-2007, 138 biopsy cases of thyroid tumours, which were fixed in buffered neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin, have been reviewed.

Follicular adenomas have been found in 39, 1% of cases, thyroid carcinomas in 60, 12%, whereas thyroid secondary carcinomas have been found in 0, 72% of cases.

As far as histological variants of thyroid carcinomas are concerned, most frequently found were papillary carcinomas in 39,85% of cases; followed by follicular carcinomas in 9,42% of cases; follicular variants of papillary carcinomas in 5,79% of cases; medullary carcinomas in 3,62% of cases, while anaplastic and Hurthle cell carcinomas have been found in 0,72% of cases each.

All histological variants of thyroid tumours occurred more frequently in women than in men.

Papillary carcinoma has been found in 80% of female cases.

Thyroid tumours in our material mainly occurred in the third, the fourth and the fifth decade of life.

Our data indicate that apart from the fact that papillary carcinomas, well differentiated, and characterised by relatively good prognosis, were most frequent variants, certain morphological variants of it were associated with poor prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Thyroid Neoplasms / mortality

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(PMID = 19485942.001).

[ISSN] 1512-8601

[Journal-full-title] Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences

[ISO-abbreviation] Bosn J Basic Med Sci

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Bosnia and Herzegovina

   

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[Title] Follicular carcinoma arising from the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid.

We present a rare case of follicular carcinoma arising from the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid in a 21-year-old woman.

Radical resection of the thyroid isthmus was performed, followed by adjuvant hormonal therapy with levothyroxine.

After 15 months of follow-up, the patient remains disease-free.

Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents is rare, and also rarely arises in the pyramidal lobe.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of neoplasm arising from the thyroid pyramidal lobe.

This case suggests the importance of the differential diagnosis of midline cervical masses and the management of this type of neoplasm in adolescents.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 19602825.001).

[ISSN] 1345-4676

[Journal-full-title] Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi

[ISO-abbreviation] J Nippon Med Sch

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine

   

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[Title] Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are common among adults though only a small percentage is malignant, which can histologically mimic benign nodules.

Accurate diagnosis of these thyroid nodules is critical for the proper clinical management.

METHODS: We investigated immunoexpression in 98 surgically removed benign thyroid nodules including 52 hyperplastic nodules (HN) and 46 follicular/Hurthle cell adenomas (FA), and 54 malignant tumors including 22 follicular carcinoma (FC), 20 classic papillary carcinoma (PTC), and 12 follicular variant papillary carcinoma (FVPC).

RESULTS: The staining results showed that malignant tumors express galectin-3, HBME-1, CK19 and Ret oncoprotein significantly more than benign nodules.

The sensitivity of these markers for the distinction between benign and malignant lesions ranged from 83.3% to 87%.

Immunoexpression was usually diffuse and strong in malignant tumors, and focal and weak in the benign lesions.

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that these immunomarkers are significantly more expressed in malignant tumors compared to benign lesions and may be of additional diagnostic value when combined with routine histology.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Immunohistochemistry. Thyroid Nodule / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular. Carcinoma. Diagnosis, Differential. Galectin 3 / analysis. Humans. Hyperplasia. Keratin-19 / analysis. Predictive Value of Tests. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / analysis. Sensitivity and Specificity. Thyroid Neoplasms / chemistry. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

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(PMID = 20181018.001).

[ISSN] 1746-1596

[Journal-full-title] Diagnostic pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Diagn Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Galectin 3; 0 / HBME-1 antigen; 0 / Keratin-19; EC 2.7.10.1 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; EC 2.7.10.1 / RET protein, human; Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell; Thyroid cancer, papillary

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2831001

[General-notes] NLM/ Original DateCompleted: 20100524

   

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[Title] Muc-1 expression may help characterize thyroid nodules but does not predict patients' outcome.

Our purpose was to evaluate MUC1 clinical utility in the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer patients.

We studied the protein expression of MUC1 in 289 thyroid carcinomas and 121 noncancerous thyroid nodules.

There were 41 follicular carcinomas (FC) and 248 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) including 149 classic (CPTC), 20 tall cell (TCPTC) and 79 follicular variants (FVPTC).

In addition, we used a quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) method to measure MUC1 mRNA expression levels in 108 carcinomas, 23 hyperplasias, and 19 FA.

According to their serum Tg levels and other evidences of recurrence/metastasis, the patients were classified as free-of-disease (185 cases) or bad outcome (56 cases, 10 deaths).

MUC1 protein was identified in 80.2% PTC; 48.8% FC; 68.3% FVPTC; 70% TCPTC; 21.8% FA; 30% hyperplasias and 6% normal thyroid tissues.

MUC1 distinguished benign from malignant thyroid tissues (sensitivity = 89%; specificity = 53%).

MUC1 also differentiated FC from FA (p = 0.0083).

q-PCR mRNA expression of MUC1 also distinguished malignant from benign nodules (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.0001).

We suggest that MUC1 expression may help differentiate follicular patterned thyroid lesions.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Papillary / diagnosis. Mucin-1 / biosynthesis. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Nodule / diagnosis

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(PMID = 21057891.001).

[ISSN] 1559-0097

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / MUC1 protein, human; 0 / Mucin-1; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

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[Title] Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma: an update.

Familial thyroid cancer can arise from follicular cells (familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC)) or from the calcitonin-producing C-cell (familial medullary thyroid carcinoma).

This is usually a component of multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) IIA or IIB, or as pure familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome.

The genetic events in the familial C-cell-derived tumors are known and genotype-phenotype correlations are well established.

In contrast, the case for a familial predisposition of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma is only now beginning to emerge.

Although the majority of papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) are sporadic, familial tumors account for over 5% of cases.

The presence of multifocal papillary carcinoma is a common feature of FNMTC.

The familial follicular cell-derived tumors or non-medullary thyroid carcinomas encompass a heterogeneous group of diseases, including diverse syndromic-associated tumors and non-syndromic tumors.

The first includes familial syndromes characterized by a predominance of non-thyroidal tumors, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), Carney complex type 1, and Werner syndrome.

The second group includes familial syndromes characterized by a predominance of NMTC, such as pure familial (f) PTC with or without oxyphilia, fPTC with papillary renal cell carcinoma, and fPTC with multinodular goiter.

Some characteristic morphologic findings should alert the pathologist of a possible familial cancer syndrome, which may lead to further molecular genetic evaluation.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / genetics. Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / genetics. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / genetics. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Child, Preschool. Humans. Infant. Middle Aged. Thyroid Gland / pathology

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(PMID = 18931957.001).

[ISSN] 1046-3976

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 97

   

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[Title] Clinically significant prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a population-based, nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Different scoring systems currently are being used to stratify patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) into risk groups.

DTC is usually subdivided into papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).

METHODS: The authors conducted a nested case-control study within the cohort of all patients (n=5123) diagnosed with DTC in Sweden between 1958-1987 who survived at least 1 year after diagnosis.

One control, matched by age at diagnosis, gender, and calendar period, was randomly selected for each case (patients who died of DTC).

All patients were classified at the time of diagnosis according to the TNM staging system.

RESULTS: Patients with widely invasive FTC experienced a significantly higher mortality compared with PTC patients.

Patients with TNM Stage IV disease had a higher mortality rate compared with patients with Stage II disease (odds ratio [OR]=9.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7-14.6).

Patients with lymph node metastases experienced a higher mortality (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-4.1) and patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis were found to have a nearly 7-fold higher mortality rate (OR=6.6; 95% CI, 4.1-10.5).

Incomplete surgical excision was associated with higher mortality, particularly in patients with Stage I disease.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary / pathology. Neoplasm Staging / standards. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Case-Control Studies. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Registries / statistics & numerical data. Risk Assessment

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2005 American Cancer Society.

(PMID = 16369995.001).

[ISSN] 0008-543X

[Journal-full-title] Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Title] New therapeutic advances in the management of progressive thyroid cancer.

The spectrum of thyroid cancers ranges from one of the most indolent to one of the most aggressive solid tumors identified.

Conventional therapies for thyroid cancers are based on the histologic type of thyroid cancers such as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).

While surgery is one of the key treatments for all such types of thyroid cancers, additional therapies vary.

Effective targeted therapy for DTC is a decades-old practice with systemic therapies of thyroid stimulating hormone suppression and radioactive iodine therapy.

Recent advances in understanding pathogenesis of DTC and development of molecular targeted therapy have dramatically transformed the field of clinical research in thyroid cancer.

Over the last five years, incredible progress has been made and phases I-III clinical trials have been conducted in various types of thyroid cancers with some remarkable results that has made an impact on lives of patients with thyroid cancer.

Such history-making events have boosted enthusiasm and interest among researchers, clinicians, patients, and sponsors and we anticipate ongoing efforts to develop more effective and safe therapies for thyroid cancer.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Protocols. Carcinoma / therapy. Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Carcinoma, Medullary / etiology. Carcinoma, Medullary / therapy. Carcinoma, Papillary / etiology. Carcinoma, Papillary / therapy. Clinical Trials as Topic / methods. Clinical Trials as Topic / trends. Disease Progression. Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods. Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / trends. Humans. Models, Biological

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The Lens. Cited by Patents in .

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(PMID = 19218279.001).

[ISSN] 1479-6821

[Journal-full-title] Endocrine-related cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Endocr. Relat. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 106

   

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[Title] [Treatment and follow up protocol in differentiated thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin].

[Transliterated title] Protocolo de tratamento e seguimento dos carcinomas diferenciados da tiróide de origem folicular.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma of follicular origin (DTCFO), although not very frequent, has registered a raising incidence in the last decades.

In the majority of the cases, DTCFO is a curable disease when treated and monitored by experienced, multidisciplinary teams.

The present protocol represents the consensus of the members of the Grupo de Estudo da Tiróide of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo.

[MeSH-major] Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy

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(PMID = 16202330.001).

[ISSN] 1646-0758

[Journal-full-title] Acta médica portuguesa

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Med Port

[Language] por

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Practice Guideline; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Portugal

[Number-of-references] 120

   

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[Title] Myopathy following postoperative ablative radioiodine for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

We highlight a case of disabling myopathy following radioablative iodine treatment for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

A 34-year-old man presented with a tender neck swelling, ultrasound and biopsy were suggestive of thyroid malignancy.

Thyroidectomy was undertaken and histology confirmed follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

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(PMID = 23754875.001).

[ISSN] 1179-142X

[Journal-full-title] International medical case reports journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Int Med Case Rep J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] New Zealand

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3658207

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; iodine radioisotopes / muscular diseases / thyroid neoplasms

   

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[Title] [Usefulness of galectin-3 expression in the clinical behavior of differentiated thyroid carcinoma].

[Transliterated title] Utilidad de la expresión de galectina-3 en el comportamiento clínico del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to quantify the galectin-3 (gal-3) expression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and study its relation with the clinical behavior of these tumors.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: We investigated the immunohistochemical reaction of gal-3 in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and performed a retrospective study in order to find correlations with clinical features.

Gal-3 expression was studied in 53 differentiated tyroid carcinomas (42 PTC and 11 FTC), and was related with clinical features: metastases, extrathyroid invasion and initial stage in the diagnosis and persistence disease and relapses in the follow up.

RESULTS: Gal-3 expression positivity in PTC had a median of 60% (percentil 25 [p25], 17.5%; percentil 75 [p75], 100%), and was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in FTC (median, 0%; p25, 0%; p75, 15%).

In PTC, gal-3 expression was significantly higher in advanced stages at the time of initial diagnosis (p = 0.014), persistent disease (p = 0.012) and relapses (p = 0.012) during the follow up.

We did not find any significant association between gal-3 expression and clinical features of FTC.

CONCLUSIONS: Gal-3 is a negative prognosis marker in PTC but not in FTC.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Papillary / metabolism. Galectin 3 / biosynthesis. Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism

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(PMID = 18341829.001).

[ISSN] 0025-7753

[Journal-full-title] Medicina clínica

[ISO-abbreviation] Med Clin (Barc)

[Language] spa

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Spain

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Galectin 3

   

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[Title] Pattern of regional metastases and prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

The meaning of nodal metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversial.

The Authors analyse the impact of lymphatic spread reviewing 1503 cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at the National Cancer Institute of Rome between 1988 and 2005, in order to detect significant prognostic factors through multivariate analysis.

Overall, 462 cases of locally advanced well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, were considered.

A multivariate analysis of a subgroup, comprising 97 N+ consecutive cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, previously untreated, was performed to study prognostic factors for local (N+) and distant (M+) metastasis in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Of the 97 cases, 88 were submitted to surgery for a large well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 9 for occult differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

After surgery, 12 patients were lost to follow-up, 8 resulted pathologically negative, therefore only 77 cases of pN1 well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma were studied.

Considering all cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 10-year-overall survival was 58.7% for locally advanced well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, compared to 94.8% in low stage cases.

The Authors present a retrospective study of 77 patients with primary differentiated thyroid carcinoma, submitted to thyroidectomy and neck dissection aimed at analysing distribution of nodal metastases according to Robbins' levels classification and defining their prognostic value.

All N1b cases, retrospectively reviewed (n. 77), presented clinical and histological evidence of neck nodes metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma; histological reports indicated tumour localisation and topographical distribution of metastases; papillary carcinoma was the most common type (72 cases), followed by follicular carcinoma (5 cases).

Statistically significant prognostic factors for distant metastases and recurrence on the neck were follicular carcinoma (p < 0.01) and extra-capsular spread (p < 0.001).

In the Authors' experience, histological grade of differentiation, wide tumour excision and neck dissection, in cases of N1b well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, without residual disease (R1, R2), in the central and lateral neck, are determinant prognostic factors.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Papillary / secondary. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Female. Humans. Lymphatic Metastasis. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / epidemiology. Prognosis. Retrospective Studies. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20463835.001).

[ISSN] 1827-675X

[Journal-full-title] Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Società italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2868202

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; Extra-capsular spread / Nodal metastases / Thyroid carcinoma

   

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[Title] 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis due to increased conversion of administered levothyroxine in patients with massive metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Some patients with massive metastatic thyroid carcinoma exhibit T(3) thyrotoxicosis.

We investigated the prevalence and cause of T(3) thyrotoxicosis and the clues to the diagnosis.

DESIGN: Serum free T(3) (FT(3)), free T(4) (FT(4)), and TSH were measured in patients with massive metastases from papillary, follicular, or medullary thyroid carcinomas (31, 20, and seven patients, respectively).

Type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 and D2) activities were measured in three tumor tissues from thyrotoxic patients.

MAIN OUTCOME: The serum FT(3) level and FT(3)/FT(4) ratio in the follicular carcinoma (FC) group were significantly higher than those in the papillary carcinoma group or patients without recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: Twenty percent of patients with massive metastatic FC exhibited T(3) thyrotoxicosis, most likely due to increased conversion of T(4) to T(3) by tumor expressing high D1 and D2 activities.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / complications. Thyroid Neoplasms / complications. Thyrotoxicosis / etiology. Thyroxine / pharmacokinetics. Triiodothyronine / adverse effects

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Disease Progression. Female. Humans. Iodide Peroxidase / metabolism. Male. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Metastasis. Prevalence. Thyroid Function Tests. Tumor Burden

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(PMID = 18397985.001).

[ISSN] 0021-972X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 06LU7C9H1V / Triiodothyronine; EC 1.11.1.8 / Iodide Peroxidase; Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine

   

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[Title] Diagnosis of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid: role of sonography in preoperative diagnosis of follicular nodules.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sonographic examination, as well as other clinical tests, for clarifying the parameters for predicting follicular carcinoma in follicular nodules of the thyroid.

Nine hundred and ten consecutive patients with follicular nodules were pathologically classified as having follicular carcinoma (109 patients) or benign tumor (811 patients).

Benign tumors included follicular adenoma (237 patients) and adenomatous thyroid nodules (574 patients).

A case-control study was performed for follicular carcinomas and benign tumors.

"Thyroglobulin 1000 ng/ml≦", "cytology class 3≦", and a "solid pattern", "low-echoic level of internal echo", and "jagged borders" of follicular carcinomas were found to be significantly higher than those of benign tumors.

The sensitivities of a solid pattern (79.8%) and a low-echoic level (75.2%) were found to be relatively higher than those of other features and findings.

We concluded that thyroglobulin 1000 ng/ml≦ and cytology class 3≦ in clinical features, and a solid pattern, low-echoic level, and jagged borders on sonography, indicated an increased risk of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid in follicular nodules.

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(PMID = 27277482.001).

[ISSN] 1346-4523

[Journal-full-title] Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001)

[ISO-abbreviation] J Med Ultrason (2001)

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; cytology / follicular carcinoma / sonography / thyroglobulin / thyroid

   

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[Title] Genetic markers differentiating follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions.

Thyroid nodules are commonly encountered during routine medical care.

The main problem established by a discovery of a thyroid nodule is to discriminate between a benign and malignant lesion.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most widely used and cost-effective preoperative test for initial evaluation of a thyroid nodule.

While the overall accuracy of FNA for classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) approaches 100%, it has limited accuracy with follicular lesions.

Patients with a cytological report of indeterminate or follicular lesions are referred to surgery for a more accurate diagnosis.

A more acute molecular-based test for thyroid nodules is needed not only to improve treatment decisions, but also to potentially reduce the long-term health costs.

Several studies have looked into biologic markers that could be used as an adjuvant to distinguish the benign from malignant nodules.

This review will focus on those biomarkers that are potentially useful in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions commonly classified as indeterminate.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / genetics. Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnosis. Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics. Thyroid Nodule / diagnosis. Thyroid Nodule / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Gene Expression Profiling. Genetic Markers. Humans

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19932149.001).

[ISSN] 1872-8057

[Journal-full-title] Molecular and cellular endocrinology

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Genetic Markers

[Number-of-references] 140

   

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[Title] [Influence of the endogene TSH stimulation of thyroid volume increase in the patients after total thyroidectomy due to differentiated thyroid cancer].

INTRODUCTION: The treatment-of-choice for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a total thyroidectomy with subsequent radioiodine therapy.

In order to increase an iodine uptake in thyroid tissue remnants, the L-thyroxine withdrawal is required.

As TSH is a known key factor in thyroid cell proliferation regulation, prolonged stimulation of the cells during L-thyroxine withdrawal can be a causative factor for a re-growth.

Our aim was to assess the degree of thyroid re-growth in the patients after total thyroidectomy due to DTC and its possible clinical implications.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: 23 patients operated due to papillary and follicular thyroid cancer were included into the study.

Biochemical determinations and ultrasound thyroid imaging were performed (TSH, Tg) during suppressive L-thyroxine therapy as well as 4-5 weeks after the withdrawal.

RESULTS: The mean volume of thyroid tissue remnants increased after withdrawal for substantial 30.1%.

The phenomenon may be of a clinical significance in the selected cases influencing therapeutic decisions.

[MeSH-minor] Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / pathology. Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / surgery. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology. Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery. Thyroidectomy. Thyrotropin

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(PMID = 18465686.001).

[ISSN] 0423-104X

[Journal-full-title] Endokrynologia Polska

[ISO-abbreviation] Endokrynol Pol

[Language] pol

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 9002-71-5 / Thyrotropin; Q51BO43MG4 / Thyroxine

   

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[Title] Patterns of thyroid cancer in Southwestern Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of thyroid cancer, assess the magnitude of the problem, and evolve a management plan for such malignancies.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of all thyroid cases operated at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 1998 and December 2007.

RESULTS: Five hundred and sixteen patients were operated for different thyroid lesions.

Ninety-two (17.8%) were malignant (20 males and 72 females).

Papillary carcinoma constituted 50%, while follicular carcinoma formed only 4.3% of malignant cases.

Lymphoma ranked third with only 1.1% of all malignant thyroid lesions.

No cases of medullary carcinoma were found.

CONCLUSION: High resolution neck ultrasonography and image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology should be considered as routine investigative tools in patients with suspicious thyroid swelling.

Residual thyroid tissues, following surgery, should be ablated using radioiodine I131 isotope.

[MeSH-major] Thyroid Neoplasms / epidemiology

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(PMID = 21063655.001).

[ISSN] 0379-5284

[Journal-full-title] Saudi medical journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Saudi Med J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Saudi Arabia