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[Title] A rare case of sarcoid-like reaction of lymph nodes associated with squamous cell carcinoma of alveolar mucosa.

Non-necrotizing granulomas are occasionally seen in patients with certain malignant disorders and are termed as "sarcoid-like reaction," which have many similarities with sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by organ involvement and interference of organ function by granuloma or fibrosis.

Sarcoidosis is occasionally found in a variety of malignant diseases with an overall incidence of 4.4% in carcinoma patients.

We present here a rare case of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of alveolar mucosa with regard to mandible associated with sarcoid-like reaction of cervical lymph nodes in a female patient in the absence of clinical evidence of systemic sarcoidosis.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology. Lymphatic Diseases / pathology. Mouth Mucosa / pathology. Mouth Neoplasms / pathology. Sarcoidosis / pathology

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(PMID = 20139581.001).

[ISSN] 1998-3603

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Dent Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] India

[Number-of-references] 10

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC consensus conference, November 4-6, 2004: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and preclinical models.

INTRODUCTION: Human bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a disease with an evolving definition.

"Pure" BAC, characterized by a bronchioloalveolar growth pattern and no evidence of stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion, represents only 2 to 6% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, but up to 20% of NSCLC cases may contain elements of BAC.

However, because BAC appears to behave clinically differently from adenocarcinoma, a better understanding of this disease entity is imperative.

METHODS/RESULTS: At the BAC Consensus Conference in 2004, our committee discussed issues relevant to BAC epidemiology, pathogenesis, and preclinical models.

CONCLUSIONS: Elucidation of molecular events involved in BAC tumorigenesis will allow for more precise epidemiologic studies and improved animal models, which will enable development of more effective treatments against the disease.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / epidemiology. Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / epidemiology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma / epidemiology. Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Adenocarcinoma / physiopathology. Animals. Biopsy, Needle. Diagnosis, Differential. Disease Models, Animal. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male. Mice. Mice, Nude. Mice, Transgenic. Neoplasm Staging. Prevalence. Prognosis. Risk Assessment. Sheep

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[ErratumIn] J Thorac Oncol. 2007 Jan;2(1):11. Kim, Kwok [corrected to Wong, Kwok-Kin]

(PMID = 17409996.001).

[ISSN] 1556-1380

[Journal-full-title] Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] J Thorac Oncol

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 074386; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 092824; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 0940578; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA 59116; United States / NIA NIH HHS / AG / K08AG 2400401

[Publication-type] Consensus Development Conference; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 79

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Neutrophils promote aerogenous spread of lung adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma features.

PURPOSE: Adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) features is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancers characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction composed of macrophages and neutrophils and by a distinct natural history with intrapulmonary spread leading to death due to respiratory failure.

We hypothesized that neutrophils could promote aerogenous spread of lung adenocarcinoma with BAC features.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined the effect of neutrophils on A549 cell line detachment in vitro and we quantified desquamation of tumor cells on tumor tissue (n = 25) and on matched bronchioloalveolar lavage (n = 17) in vivo in a series of patients with adenocarcinoma with BAC features.

RESULTS: Neutrophils induced A549 detachment mediated by signals through cell-to-cell contact.

Neutralization studies identified several membrane-bound molecules involved in detachment (i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha/tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor inhibitor, interleukin-1alpha /interleukin-1alpha receptor, and neutrophil elastase).

The micropapillary score was associated with a high neutrophil count in bronchioloalveolar lavage (P = 0.051).

The shedding cell percentage was a significant factor in shorter survival (P = 0.034, univariate Cox analysis).

It is a significant factor of shorter survival and may be an important event in adenocarcinoma progression.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / pathology. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology. Neutrophils / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Cell Adhesion / physiology. Cell Communication / physiology. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation. Coculture Techniques. Female. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Male

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(PMID = 17575214.001).

[ISSN] 1078-0432

[Journal-full-title] Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Cancer Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] PABS: an online platform to assist BAC-by-BAC sequencing projects.

Genome sequencing projects are either based on whole genome shotgun (WGS) or on a BAC-by-BAC strategy.

Although WGS is in most cases the preferred choice, sometimes the BAC-by-BAC approach may be better because it requires a much simpler assembly process.

Furthermore, when the study is limited to specific regions of the genome, the WGS would require an unjustified effort, making the BAC-by-BAC the only feasible strategy.

In this paper we describe an informatics pipeline called PABS (Platform Assisted BAC-by-BAC Sequencing) that we developed to provide a tool to optimize the BAC-by-BAC sequencing strategy.

PABS has two main functions: (i) PABS-Select, to choose suitable overlapping clones; and (ii) PABS-Validate, to verify whether a BAC under analysis is actually overlapping the neighboring BAC.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Computational Biology / methods. Internet. Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods

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(PMID = 18254380.001).

[ISSN] 0736-6205

[Journal-full-title] BioTechniques

[ISO-abbreviation] BioTechniques

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC clones generated from sheared DNA.

BAC libraries generated from restriction-digested genomic DNA display representational bias and lack some sequences.

To facilitate completion of genome projects, procedures have been developed to create BACs from DNA physically sheared to create fragments extending up to 200 kb.

The DNA fragments were repaired to create blunt ends and ligated to a new BAC vector.

This approach has been tested by generating BAC libraries from Drosophila DNA with insert lengths between 50 and 150 kb.

The libraries lack chimeric clone problems as determined by mapping paired BAC-end sequences to the assembled fly genome sequence.

The utility of "sheared" libraries was demonstrated by closure of a previous clone gap and by isolation of clones from telomeric regions, which were notably absent from previous Drosophila BAC libraries.

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(PMID = 17098394.001).

[ISSN] 0888-7543

[Journal-full-title] Genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] Genomics

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NHGRI NIH HHS / HG / HG000750-07; United States / NHGRI NIH HHS / HG / HG00750; United States / NHGRI NIH HHS / HG / P50 HG000750-07

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 9007-49-2 / DNA

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS16521; NLM/ PMC1909752

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Transposon-mediated BAC transgenesis in zebrafish and mice.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are among the most widely used tools for studies of gene regulation and function in model vertebrates, yet methods for predictable delivery of BAC transgenes to the genome are currently limited.

This is because BAC transgenes are usually microinjected as naked DNA into fertilized eggs and are known to integrate as multi-copy concatamers in the genome.

Although conventional methods for BAC transgenesis have been very fruitful, complementary methods for generating single copy BAC integrations would be desirable for many applications.

RESULTS: We took advantage of the precise cut-and-paste behavior of a natural transposon, Tol2, to develop a new method for BAC transgenesis.

In this new method, the minimal sequences of the Tol2 transposon were used to deliver precisely single copies of a approximately 70 kb BAC transgene to the zebrafish and mouse genomes.

We mapped the BAC insertion sites in the genome by standard PCR methods and confirmed transposase-mediated integrations.

CONCLUSION: The Tol2 transposon has a surprisingly large cargo capacity that can be harnessed for BAC transgenesis.

The precise delivery of single-copy BAC transgenes by Tol2 represents a useful complement to conventional BAC transgenesis, and could aid greatly in the production of transgenic fish and mice for genomics projects, especially those in which single-copy integrations are desired.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. DNA Transposable Elements. Gene Transfer Techniques. Zebrafish / genetics

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(PMID = 19832998.001).

[ISSN] 1471-2164

[Journal-full-title] BMC genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] BMC Genomics

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA Transposable Elements

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2768751

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Non-BAC component but not epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation is associated with poor outcomes in small adenocarcinoma of the lung.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for poor clinical outcome after surgical resection of small lung adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 127 patients who had pathologic stage IA lung adenocarcinoma 20 mm or less and who had undergone a lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection were reviewed.

The percentage of non-bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (non-BAC) components quantified objectively, and epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutation determined by polymerase chain reaction-based assay were retrospectively linked with clinical data.

RESULTS: Based on the percentage of non-BAC component, 127 patients were classified as follows: 26 in group I, BAC, 46 in group II mixed subtype with >or= 50% BAC, 18 in group III, mixed subtype with under 50% BAC, and 37 in group IV, mixed subtype with all non-BAC components or a pure pattern of one of the non-BAC components.

Groups I and II were considered to be a "low non-BAC component type" and groups III and IV were considered to be a "high non-BAC component type."

In terms of recurrence, the high non-BAC component type was the only independent factor for recurrence (p = 0.029).

Regarding survival, the high age (p = 0.028) and high non-BAC component type (p = 0.046) were independent risk factors for poor overall survival.

They were also independent risk factors for poor disease-free survival (p = 0.025 and p = 0.027, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The high non-BAC component but not EGFR mutation status, is an independent risk factor for both recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma <or=20 mm.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / pathology. Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / pathology. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / pathology. Genes, erbB-1 / genetics. Lung Neoplasms / pathology. Mutation

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(PMID = 18594314.001).

[ISSN] 1556-1380

[Journal-full-title] Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] J Thorac Oncol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [BAC 40 battery: a tool of cognitive evaluation for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease at the specialist office].

[Transliterated title] La batterie BAC 40: un outil d'évaluation cognitive pour le diagnostic de la maladie d'Alzheimer au cabinet du spécialiste.

BAC 40 is a "composite" battery of psychometric tests useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia.

The advantage is to establish a diagnosis in less than 20 minutes, exploring all the sectors of cognitive life.

The scores obtained with "BAC 40" and the "ADAS-COG SCALE" were compared in all patients.

[MeSH-major] Alzheimer Disease / diagnosis. Neuropsychological Tests

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(PMID = 20149920.001).

[ISSN] 0035-3787

[Journal-full-title] Revue neurologique

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev. Neurol. (Paris)

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; Validation Studies

[Publication-country] France

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Evolving concepts in the pathology and computed tomography imaging of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To review recent advances in pathology and computed tomography (CT) of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC).

METHODS: A pathology/CT review panel of pathologists and radiologists met during a November 2004 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus workshop in New York.

The purpose was to determine if existing data was sufficient to propose modification of criteria for adenocarcinoma and BAC as newly published in the 2004 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors, and to address the pathologic/radiologic concept of diffuse/multicentric BAC.

RESULTS: Solitary small, peripheral BACs have an excellent prognosis.

Most lung adenocarcinomas with a BAC pattern are not pure BAC, but rather adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype with invasive patterns.

The percent of BAC versus invasive components in lung adenocarcinomas appears to be prognostically important.

However, a consensus definition of "minimally invasive" BAC with a favorable prognosis could not be achieved.

While recognition of a BAC component is possible, the diagnosis of BAC with exclusion of invasive adenocarcinoma cannot be made by small biopsy or cytology specimens.

CONCLUSION: There is a need to work toward a mutual understanding and consensus between pathologists, clinicians, and researchers with the use of the term BAC versus adenocarcinoma.

Hopefully, this work will allow definition of a category of adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype with predominant BAC/minimal invasion and a favorable prognosis.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma / radiography. Lung Neoplasms / radiography

[MeSH-minor] Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / pathology. Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / radiography. Humans. Neoplasm Staging. Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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(PMID = 15886315.001).

[ISSN] 0732-183X

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 67

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Differential CT features of infectious pneumonia versus bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) mimicking pneumonia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the differential CT features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) mimicking pneumonia and infectious pneumonia at the lung periphery.

CT images were reviewed in 47 patients with focal areas of parenchymal opacification at the lung periphery.

We evaluated the presence of ground-glass attenuation, marginal conspicuity of the lesion, CT angiogram sign, air-bronchogram sign, a bubble-like low-attenuation area within the lesion, presence of pleural thickening and retraction associated with the lesion, presence of pleural effusion and extra-pleural fatty hypertrophy, presence of bronchial wall thickening proximal to the lesion, and air-trapping in the normal lung near the lesion.

BAC (n=18) depicted the presence of a bubble-like low-attenuation area within the lesion, whereas infectious pneumonia (n=29) represented the pleural thickening associated with the lesion and bronchial wall thickening proximal to the lesion (P<0.05).

The focal areas of the parenchymal opacification on the CT images may suggest infectious pneumonia rather than BAC when they show bronchial wall thickening proximal to the lesion and pleural thickening associated with the lesion, whereas BAC is characterized as the presence of a bubble-like low attenuation area within the tumor.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / radiography. Lung Neoplasms / radiography. Pneumonia / radiography. Tomography, Spiral Computed / methods

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Contrast Media. Diagnosis, Differential. Female. Humans. Iohexol / analogs & derivatives. Male. Middle Aged. Predictive Value of Tests. Radiography, Thoracic. Retrospective Studies. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16418864.001).

[ISSN] 0938-7994

[Journal-full-title] European radiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur Radiol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Contrast Media; 4419T9MX03 / Iohexol; 712BAC33MZ / iopromide

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Response to bortezomib (velcade) in a case of advanced bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC). A case report.

A 65-year-old male with 40-pack year smoking history presented with exertional dyspnea and was subsequently diagnosed with bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC).

He did not respond to first line therapy with geftinib, but he achieved disease stabilization with gemcitabine and carboplatin for 4 months before developing symptomatic worsening requiring oxygen supplementation.

Based on observations like this and those seen in phase I studies with bortezomib, this agent is being studied now in patients with bronchio-alevolar cancer.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / drug therapy. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Boronic Acids / therapeutic use. Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy. Pyrazines / therapeutic use

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[CommentIn] Lung Cancer. 2007 Aug;57(2):249-50 [17599646.001]

(PMID = 16387387.001).

[ISSN] 0169-5002

[Journal-full-title] Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

[ISO-abbreviation] Lung Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Boronic Acids; 0 / Pyrazines; 69G8BD63PP / Bortezomib

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Modification and production of BAC transgenes.

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are the vectors of choice for the construction of genomic DNA libraries and, as such, have proven instrumental in the generation of large-scale physical maps; positional cloning projects; and the sequencing of human, mouse, and a plethora of other genomes.

A number of methods have recently been developed to modify BAC DNA (e.g., insertion, deletion, substitution), making BACs even more useful for functional genomic research.

This unit describes two protocols for BAC modification in E. coli, one that allows for specific changes at a given DNA sequence and another that is more suited for rapid and nonspecific integration of foreign DNA (such as a reporter cassette) into a BAC insert.

In addition, a simple and reliable method for preparing BAC DNA for pronuclear microinjection is also provided.

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(PMID = 18265362.001).

[ISSN] 1934-3647

[Journal-full-title] Current protocols in molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Protoc Mol Biol

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA Transposable Elements

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparative genomic hybridization on BAC arrays.

Alterations in genomic DNA are a key feature of many constitutional disorders and cancer.

The discovery of the underlying regions of gene dosage has thus been essential in dissecting complex disease phenotypes and identifying targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic testing.

The development of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) as hybridization targets has facilitated the discovery and fine mapping of novel genomic alterations allowing rapid identification of target genes.

In BAC aCGH, DNA samples are first labeled with fluorescent dyes through a random priming reaction with 100-400 ng of genomic DNA.

This probe is then co-hybridized to an array consisting of BAC clones, either tiling the genome (approximately 50 kbp resolution) or spaced at intervals (e.g., 1 Mbp resolution).

The DNA samples to be analyzed may be derived from either fresh, frozen, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material, and sample requirements are currently significantly lower than those for oligonucleotide platforms due to the high probe-binding capacity of BAC clone targets (approximately 150 kbp) compared to oligonucleotides (25-80 bp).

In this chapter, we describe in detail the technical procedure required to perform copy number analysis of genomes with BAC aCGH.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

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(PMID = 19488868.001).

[ISSN] 1064-3745

[Journal-full-title] Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Methods Mol. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NIDCR NIH HHS / DE / R01 DE15965

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

RPCI 19K BAC arrays were hybridized (GeneTAC HybStation) and scanned (Gene Pix 4200AL Laser Scanner).

RESULTS: Several genes associated with the Fanconi DNA-damage response pathway were frequently altered in stage I serous ovarian carcinomas.

Frequent genomic losses and gains were observed in DNA repair genes and other genomic regions in stage I serous ovarian cancer which may promote genomic instability, resistance, metastasis and aggressiveness of this disease.

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(PMID = 27960763.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Transcriptome-wide mutation discovery in patients in a phase II clinical trial of first-line erlotinib for clinically selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODS: Treatment was erlotinib 150 mg p.o. daily until disease progression.

Eligibility criteria included: stage IIIB/IV NSCLC; no prior chemo; ECOG ≤2; at least 2 of the following 4 criteria: women, never-smokers, Southeast Asian origin, adenocarcinoma and/or BAC.

Pathology: 44 ACA; 3 BAC;1 squamous carcinoma; 13 NSCLC NOS.

The discovery of novel mutations in multiple pts suggests patterns that may shed light on lung cancer specific behaviour.

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(PMID = 27964273.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Genetic evolution of EGFR and the clonal origin of adenocarcinomas exhibiting various degrees of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

: e22050 Background: EGFR mutations may accumulate during multistage progression of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), leading to heterogeneity within the tumor.

Moreover, intrapulmonary emersions are the predominant sites of BAC progression in the absence of other distant metastases.

In cases of emerging bilateral lung lesions during the follow-up to complete resection, the issue of how to differentiate between lesions originating from multifocal BACs or distant metastases/local recurrence is an important and unresolved issue.

This study was performed to determine whether sequential adenocarcinoma with BAC features emerges in the lung field arises from a single clone or multiple clones in the same individual.

METHODS: Samples of adenocarcinomas exhibiting various degrees of BAC were obtained by thoracotomy.

Sequential specimens were obtained on detection of novel lesions in the lung field.

Our pathological findings, sequential imaging, and EGFR sequence data were compared to monitor evidence of cancer evolution.

RESULTS: Based on an analysis of EGFR in tumor specimens from 428 lung cancer patients, fifteen cases of sequential BAC-related adenocarcinoma obtained by thoracotomy were identified.

Together with alterations in BAC/adenocarcinoma components, the EGFR-TKI untreated series with at least one episode of EGFR-activating mutations represented three typical models: no significant EGFR evolution for a single clone, genetic alterations from mutant to wild-type EGFR for multifocal lesions, and a switch from wild-type to mutant EGFR, which might exhibit uncertain circumstances of cancer progression.

CONCLUSIONS: Genetic analysis in conjunction with pathological and radiological diagnoses can be used to explore the origin of multifocal BAC.

The single clone model indicates subsequent disease progression, whereas genetic alterations from mutations to wild-type EGFR are suggestive of secondary primary carcinoma.

When additional lesions emerge after radical resection of BAC-related lung cancer, sequential tumor samples should be obtained for further evaluation.

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(PMID = 27963232.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: 11037 Background: PRDM16 is a gene located on 1p36.32 that encodes for a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal PR domain.

These translocations result in the overexpression of a truncated version of the PRDM16 protein that lacks the PR domain.

METHODS: We studied 35 myeloid malignancies, 12 lymphoid malignancies and 3 undifferentiated acute leukemias with 1p36 abnormalities by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) contig containing 50 BAC probes on 1p36.

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(PMID = 27964015.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Phase II trial of erlotinib in chemotherapy-naive women with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

: 8065 Background: This single-arm phase II study explored the role of clinical characteristics (female gender, adenocarcinoma histology, no tobacco within 1 year) in selecting pts for 1st-line therapy w/ erlotinib.

METHODS: Eligible pts were chemotherapy-naïve women, stage IIIB/ IV, PS 0-2, adenocarcinoma, and w/ available tissue for analysis of EGFR mutation status.

Pts received erlotinib 150 mg PO daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Median age 68 (range 34-88); 59 PS 0, 24 PS 1, 1 PS 2; race: 79 white, 3 Asian, 2 black; 16 pts had BAC or predominant BAC features; smoking status: 35 never, 49 former.

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(PMID = 27962638.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prognostic factors by histologic subtype in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A population-based survival analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (1988-2003).

: 11053 Background: Representing roughly 85% of all lung cancers, NSCLC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.

To better understand the prognostic importance of select patient and tumor characteristics in late-stage disease, we examined survival in patients diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC.

The distribution of cases according to time period of diagnosis and select patient and tumor characteristics was described for each histologic subtype (squamous; adenocarcinoma (bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma (BAC), non-BAC); large cell; and other/unknown).

RESULTS: Most recent period of diagnosis (1998-2003 versus 1988-1992) conferred a survival advantage across histologic subtypes, independent of gender, age, ethnicity/race, tumor grade, and uptake of surgery/radiation.

This was especially pronounced for those diagnosed with large cell tumors (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.82).

Similarly, females survived longer than males across histologic groups, particularly for those with BAC tumors (aHR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89).

Increasing age was associated with reduced survival in all histologic subtypes except BAC, where prognosis was poorest in the youngest age group.

The influence of ethnicity/race also varied with histology: compared to Whites, American Indians/Alaskan Natives with squamous tumors and Blacks with large cell tumors had a poorer prognosis, whereas Asians/Pacific Islanders with either non-BAC or large cell tumors demonstrated superior survival.

Nonetheless, lung cancer remains a deadly disease, and the prognostic effect of demographic factors varies with histologic subtype.

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(PMID = 27963160.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: A set of R functions were created to extend the functionality of the sendplot R library.

The functions were applied to BAC aCGH data generated for several GOG studies.

2) a set of interactive annotation tracks which display location of cancer, disease and DNA repair genes; and 3) a plot which displays -log10 p-values and/or aberration frequencies for the BAC assays depicted in the heatmap.

For the smallest regions of interest, the panel of plots contains a tiled heatmap which depicts the overlap and gaps in BAC coverage and their alignment with the gene locations represented in the adjacent annotation track.

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(PMID = 27960821.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Usefulness of 18FDG-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for early prediction of erlotinib (Eb) treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: Results of a pilot study.

Glucose metabolic activity seems to closely reflect response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKI in vivo and in vitro (Su H et al, Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:5659-67).

RESULTS: From May 2007, 27 pts were enrolled and 23 were evaluable (4 not-evaluable: 2 BAC PET negative, 2 violations).

FDG-PET revealed a metabolic partial response (PR) in 8 pts; subsequent CT scan assessment evidenced 4 PR and 4 long lasting stable disease (SD), respectively.

Seven pts had metabolic progressive disease (PD) at PET scan and 8 had SD, all of them presented PD at CT scan.

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(PMID = 27963364.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: Patients with no evidence of disease progression after 4 cycles of CT were randomized to receive either E 150 mg/day or P until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Baseline characteristics for E and P arms (%): male/female: 73/27 and 75/25; adenocarcinoma + BAC/squamous-cell/other: 47/38/15 and 44/43/13; stage IIIB/IV: 26/74 and 24/76; Caucasian/Asian/other: 84/14/2 and 83/15/2; ECOG PS 0/1: 31/69 and 32/68; current/former/never smoker: 55/28/18 and 56/27/17.

Disease control rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease >12 wks) was 40.8% with E versus 27.4% with P (p<.0001).

Erlotinib in the 1st-line maintenance setting is well tolerated, and significantly improves disease control and delays progression versus placebo across patient subgroups.

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(PMID = 27962767.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Lung cancer in women: The Spanish female-specific database WORLD 07.

: 8084 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in many countries.

METHODS: WORLD07 is a prospective, multicenter, epidemiologic female-specific lung cancer database developed by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group.

Data on demographics, previous cancer history, reproductive and hormonal status, diet, alcohol, tobacco, and occupational information are being collected just as histology, stage, treatment and survival.

RESULTS: From October 2007 to Nov 2008, 342 female newly diagnosed of lung cancer were collected in an e-database in 20 Spanish centers.

Familial history of cancer: 45.5% (lung cancer 29.7%).

Previous history of cancer 13.8% (breast 33.3%).

Current lung cancer histology (%): adenocarcinoma/BAC/squamous/large cell/NOS: 70.4/5.7/10.4/7.9/5.7.

CONCLUSIONS: According this series, 42% of Spanish lung cancer women are never smokers and 70.4% have adenocarcinoma.

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(PMID = 27962661.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A Gynecologic Oncology Group study of frequent copy number aberrations in African American versus Caucasian women with stage I versus stage IIIC/IV endometrioid endometrial cancer.

RPCI 19K BAC arrays were hybridized (GeneTAC HybStation) and scanned (Gene Pix 4200AL Laser Scanner).

Validation will be performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using select BAC probes and endometrial cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) with either 400 cases linked with clinical, treatment and outcome data or 180 AA versus 120 C women from GOG-136.

Distinct genomic losses and gains were observed that appear to segregate Caucasian women with stage I disease from African American women with stage I disease and African American or Caucasian women with stage IIIC/IV disease.

Validation studies are currently underway in two endometrial cancer TMAs.

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(PMID = 27960767.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Value of FDG-PET/CT findings revised using an anthropomorphic body phantom for the evaluation of tumor malignancy grade in small-sized lung adenocarcinomas: A multicenter study.

: 7573 Background: The malignant behavior of small lung adenocarinomas (AD), which have been detected with increasing frequency recently, has not yet been clearly evaluated, and an understanding of this biological characteristic is vital for selecting the appropriate therapeutic strategy.

We examined the malignancy grade of small lung ADs using FDG-PET/CT (PET), in addition to high-resolution CT (HRCT) and pathologic evaluation in a multicenter setting.

METHODS: A total of 204 patients with cT1N0M0 AD underwent PET and HRCT, followed by complete resection with lymph node dissection.

The associations between components of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) on pathologic examination and maximum standardized uptake value (maxSUV) on PET, ground-glass opacity (GGO) ratio and tumor disappearance rate (TDR) on HRCT were examined, and these findings were analyzed in relation to pathologic features and surgical outcomes.

RESULTS: Examination of tumor aggressiveness based on the presence of lymphatic, vascular and pleural invasion, and of nodal metastasis, showed that maxSUV, BAC ratio, TDR, and GGO ratio, in the order, can reflect the malignancy grade.

MaxSUV and BAC ratio were also valuable prognostic predictors of the disease-free survival.

Although BAC ratio was significantly associated with maxSUV, GGO ratio and TDR (all p<0.0001), the degree of association with maxSUV (R2=0.2533) was weaker than that with GGO (R2=0.5843) ratio or TDR (R2=0.5123).

CONCLUSIONS: A higher maxSUV reflects an aggressive malignant behavior of cT1N0M0 ADs, independently of BAC component.

Assessment by PET in addition to HRCT is useful for selection of the appropriate treatment strategy for small lung AD.

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(PMID = 27963381.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Marrow cell genetic phenotype change induced by human lung cancer cells.

: 11108 Background: Murine lung-derived microvesicles are capable of inducing lung-specific mRNA in marrow cells, when co-cultured across from these cells, but separated from them by a cell-impermeable (0.4 micron) membrane.

These converted murine marrow cells showed mRNA elevations, lung-specific protein production and enhanced capacity to convert to lung epithelial cells after in vivo transplantation into irradiated mice.

We examine here whether fresh tissue from lung cancer patients would have the same capacity to genetically alter co-cultured human marrow cells.

METHODS: Lung cancer samples were collected from 5 patients undergoing surgery.

Marrow cell RNA was analyzed for lung specific mRNA using real time RT-PCR.

RESULTS: Lung cancers studied were adenocarcinoma, endobronchial alveolar carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, non-small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. mRNAs for aquaporin 1-5, specific for type I pneumocytes and surfactant A-D, specific for type II pneumocytes, were measured.

Aquaporin I was elevated in marrow cells from co culture with all lung cancers; elevations ranging from 2.15 to 56.7 fold (mean 23 fold).

Similarly surfactant B mRNA was induced in marrow cells by all lung cancers with fold elevations ranging from 7.9 to 2164 (mean fold elevation 668).

CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that the genetic phenotype of cells in the vicinity of lung cancer cells can be altered and that these alterations might be mediated by microvesicle transfer of genetic information.

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(PMID = 27963460.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Stage-size relationship in long-term repeated CT screening for lung cancer: Anti-Lung Cancer Association project.

: 1540 Background: We have investigated the individualized benefit of CT screening as Anti-Lung Cancer Association projects (presented at ASCO 2006-2008).

However, there has not been enough information about the relationship of lung cancer stage to tumor size in repeated CT screening.

Therefore, we evaluated the stage-size relationship of these asymptomatic lung cancer cases diagnosed by long-term repeated screening with low-dose helical CT.

Histology for the categories 15 mm or less was localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in 13 cases, adenocarcinoma with mixed subtype in 11 cases, invasive adenocarcinoma in five cases, other non-small cell carcinoma in 10 cases, and small cell carcinoma in one case.

CONCLUSIONS: These results provide direct evidence of a stage-size relationship in long-term repeated CT screening for lung cancer.

Furthermore, early detection of lung cancer of 15 mm or less in diameter leads to the detection of early-stage (N0M0) lung cancer in repeated CT screening.

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(PMID = 27964081.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] LKB1 mutations in mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma occurring in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients.

: 11047 Background: Mutations in the gene encoding Liver Kinase B1, LKB1, are common in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), which is characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation, intestinal polyps and a high incidence of cancers at variable sites (colorectal, gynecological, breast, pancreas, and lung).

Although tumors occurring in PJS patients are known to contain mucin-rich conmponents, mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (mBACs) arising from the PJS background have only rarely been reported.

CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high frequency of LKB1 mutation in mBAC patients may suggest its implication in lung carcinogenesis, at least in mBAC, and its potential as a therapeutic target.

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(PMID = 27963987.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Merkel cell carcinoma of the alveolar mucosa in a young adult: a rare case report.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an extremely rare and aggressive primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the skin with a poor prognosis.

We report a rare case of MCC that arose in the alveolar mucosa of a young adult.

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / pathology. Mouth Mucosa / pathology. Mouth Neoplasms / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Alveolar Process / pathology. Chromogranins / analysis. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Keratin-3 / analysis. Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology. Male. Mouth Floor / pathology. Oral Ulcer / pathology. Radiography, Panoramic

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[Copyright] Copyright 2009 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 19167791.001).

[ISSN] 1532-1940

[Journal-full-title] The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Scotland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Chromogranins; 0 / KRT3 protein, human; 0 / Keratin-3

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Reciprocal and multi-species chromosome BAC painting in crucifers (Brassicaceae).

In crucifer cytogenomics, BAC contigs of Arabidopsis thaliana have been used as probes for comparative chromosome painting among species.

Here we successfully tested chromosome-specific BAC contigs of A. thaliana (n = 5) and A. halleri (n = 8) as probes for reciprocal BAC painting.

Furthermore, BAC contigs of both Arabidopsis species were applied as multi-species painting probes to a third crucifer species, Noccaea caerulescens (n = 7), revealing their shared chromosome homeology.

[MeSH-major] Brassicaceae / genetics. Chromosome Painting / methods. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Chromosomes, Plant / genetics

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 20501976.001).

[ISSN] 1424-859X

[Journal-full-title] Cytogenetic and genome research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cytogenet. Genome Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Removal of organic pollutants by adsorption cooperated with biodegradation in BAC].

The determination measure for distribution of NOM removal by two mechanisms in BAC was established.

In this method, the change in DOC and BDOC of inflow and effluent was used to evaluate the distribution and to determinate the effect of the different ozone doses on the adsorption and biodegradation in BAC.

The ozonation increased the concentration of BDOC in 0.12 - 0.54 mg/L with ozone dose of 2 - 8 mg/L and BAC filtration decreased concentration of BDOC to 0.23 - 0.31 mg/L.

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(PMID = 17639936.001).

[ISSN] 0250-3301

[Journal-full-title] Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

[ISO-abbreviation] Huan Jing Ke Xue

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Organic Chemicals; 0 / Water Pollutants, Chemical; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] An improved method to identify BAC clones using pooled overgos.

Hybridization using overgo probes is an established approach for screening arrayed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries.

The resulting cost savings and reduced human exposure to radiation make the use of highly pooled overgo probes a more attractive approach for screening of BAC libraries from organisms with large genomes.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. Genomic Library. Oligonucleotide Probes

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(PMID = 17151072.001).

[ISSN] 1362-4962

[Journal-full-title] Nucleic acids research

[ISO-abbreviation] Nucleic Acids Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Oligonucleotide Probes; 0 / Radioisotopes

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1761434

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC 'landing' on chromosomes of Brachypodium distachyon for comparative genome alignment.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with large genomic DNA inserts as probes (BAC 'landing') is a powerful means by which eukaryotic genomes can be physically mapped and compared.

Here we report a BAC landing protocol that has been developed specifically for the weedy grass species Brachypodium distachyon, which has been adopted recently by the scientific community as an alternative model for the temperate cereals and grasses.

The protocol describes the preparation of somatic and meiotic chromosome substrates for FISH, the labeling of BACs, a chromosome mapping strategy, empirical conditions for optimal in situ hybridization and stringency washing, the detection of probes and the capturing and processing of images.

The expected outcome of the protocol is the specific assignment of BACs containing single-copy inserts to one of the five linkage groups of the genome of this species.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Mapping / methods. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Genetic Techniques. Genome, Plant / genetics. Poaceae / genetics

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(PMID = 17401342.001).

[ISSN] 1750-2799

[Journal-full-title] Nature protocols

[ISO-abbreviation] Nat Protoc

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Genetic Markers

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Effect of PPC preoxidation on BAC process for removing organic matters].

The effect of PPC preoxidation on BAC process for organic pollutants removal was conducted by measuring the distribution of relative molecular mass, the concentrations of organic and inorganic matters on BAC.

On the other hand, organic matters of relative molecular mass less than 3 x 10(3) is increased with PPC preoxidation, which improves the biological activity of BAC process.

The concentrations of organic and inorganic matters on BAC with PPC preoxidation are reduced 5.0 mg x g(-1) and 4.16 mg x g(-1) respectively than that on BAC alone, which reduces the block of hole on GAC and increases the life time of BAC process.

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(PMID = 17256607.001).

[ISSN] 0250-3301

[Journal-full-title] Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

[ISO-abbreviation] Huan Jing Ke Xue

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Organic Chemicals; 0 / Water Pollutants, Chemical; 00OT1QX5U4 / Potassium Permanganate; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal; 7440-44-0 / Carbon

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC library for the amphipod crustacean, Parhyale hawaiensis.

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are capable of propagating large fragments of DNA and have become an invaluable tool for studying genome biology.

To fill a phylogenetic gap in available genomic sequence and to complement ongoing molecular and genetic studies, we have generated a BAC library for the marine amphipod crustacean, Parhyale hawaiensis.

We have screened the Parhyale BAC library for developmentally relevant genes and characterized the genomic organization of four genes: a hedgehog ortholog, and three Pax3/7 paralogs.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Crustacea / genetics. Genomic Library. Transcription Factors / genetics

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20298775.001).

[ISSN] 1089-8646

[Journal-full-title] Genomics

[ISO-abbreviation] Genomics

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / Howard Hughes Medical Institute / /

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Transcription Factors

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] An overview on the generation of BAC transgenic mice for neuroscience research.

This unit provides a comprehensive overview on the generation of transgenic mice using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), and the application of BAC transgenic mice in neuroscience research.

In the first section, advantages of the BAC transgenic approach compared to the conventional transgenic approach are summarized.

In the second section, important considerations in designing BAC transgenic constructs are outlined.

Four commonly used BAC transgenic construct designs are also outlined.

Concepts of modifying BACs by homologous recombination in E. coli to introduce a variety of mutations into BACs, and important steps to characterize a modified BAC prior to the generation of transgenic mice are also presented.

In the final section, some of the important applications of BAC transgenic mice in neuroscience research, including studying gene expression, gene function, mapping neuronal circuitry, and modeling human diseases, are described.

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(PMID = 18428622.001).

[ISSN] 1934-8576

[Journal-full-title] Current protocols in neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Protoc Neurosci

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Escherichia coli Proteins

[Number-of-references] 31

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Evaluation of the Texas 0.08 BAC law.

AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects on alcohol-involved traffic crashes and fatalities of the 0.08 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) per se law introduced in the state of Texas in 1999.

CONCLUSIONS: While there is a growing body of evidence that indicates that 0.08 BAC laws can be effective in reducing alcohol-involved traffic accidents and fatalities, the present study shows that this was not the case in Texas.

Future research should move beyond the simple question of whether or not 0.08 BAC laws 'work' and instead explore in more detail the conditions, such as publicity and enforcement, under which the law does or does not contribute to a decline in alcohol-involved accidents and fatalities.

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(PMID = 16364969.001).

[ISSN] 0735-0414

[Journal-full-title] Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

[ISO-abbreviation] Alcohol Alcohol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 3K9958V90M / Ethanol

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] An improved method for generating BAC DNA suitable for FISH.

These probes are often generated from DNA sequences cloned within bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs).

Growing these BACs in adequate amounts for FISH can be demanding.

We describe FISH performed with bacteriophage Phi29 DNA polymerase amplified BAC DNA.

The FISH results obtained were comparable with those obtained from standard BAC DNA.

We believe this method of BAC DNA generation is useful for the entire FISH community as it improves considerably on prior methods.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. DNA, Recombinant / biosynthesis. DNA, Recombinant / genetics. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods

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[Copyright] (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 18544919.001).

[ISSN] 1424-859X

[Journal-full-title] Cytogenetic and genome research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cytogenet. Genome Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Recombinant; EC 2.7.7.7 / DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; EC 3.6.1.- / GTP Phosphohydrolases; EC 3.6.1.- / SEPT9 protein, human; EC 3.6.1.- / Septins

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] DNA methylation in small lung adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma components.

We examined the methylation status in 100 specimens of lung adenocarcinomas measuring 2cm or less and with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) components (Noguchi types A-C) and then compared the methylation status between noninvasive tumors (Noguchi type A or B) and invasive tumors (Noguchi type C).

Our results indicate the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the progression of adenocarcinoma with BAC components.

[MeSH-major] Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / genetics. DNA Methylation. Genes, p16. Lung Neoplasms / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Aged. Cadherins / genetics. Cadherins / metabolism. Cyclin D2 / genetics. Cyclin D2 / metabolism. DNA Mutational Analysis. DNA, Neoplasm / metabolism. Disease Progression. Exons. Female. Genes, erbB-1 / genetics. Humans. In Vitro Techniques. Male. Middle Aged. Mutation / genetics. Neoplasm Invasiveness. Receptors, Retinoic Acid / genetics. Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics. Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

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(PMID = 19144441.001).

[ISSN] 1872-8332

[Journal-full-title] Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

[ISO-abbreviation] Lung Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Ireland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CCND2 protein, human; 0 / Cadherins; 0 / Cyclin D2; 0 / DNA, Neoplasm; 0 / H-cadherin; 0 / RASSF1 protein, human; 0 / Receptors, Retinoic Acid; 0 / Tumor Suppressor Proteins; 0 / retinoic acid receptor beta

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Characterization of the CHORI-240 BAC clones containing the bovine CSN1S1, CSN2, STATH, CSN1S2 and CSN3 genes.

Nineteen BAC clones were identified by hybridization of the bovine genomic BAC library CHORI-240 with mixed CSN1S1- and CSN3-specific probes.

These data showed that the BAC contig was established for the whole casein cluster, including all known five genes.

[MeSH-major] Caseins / genetics. Cattle / genetics. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

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(PMID = 16877803.001).

[ISSN] 1234-1983

[Journal-full-title] Journal of applied genetics

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Appl. Genet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Poland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Caseins; 0 / DNA Primers

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Dual-color, break-apart FISH assay on paraffin-embedded tissues as an adjunct to diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Both Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are characterized by various translocations disrupting chromosome Xp11.2, which result in gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor gene.

This assay was validated using 4 cases of Xp11.2 RCC [proven by karyotype and/or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)], 2 cases of ASPS (proven by karyotype or RT-PCR), the UOK109 cell line carrying the inv(X) (p11;q12), and several negative controls (both neoplastic and non-neoplastic).

[MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Renal Cell / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, X / genetics. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods. Kidney Neoplasms / genetics. Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part / genetics

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(PMID = 20421778.001).

[ISSN] 1532-0979

[Journal-full-title] The American journal of surgical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Surg. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; 0 / TFE3 protein, human

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Simple and highly efficient BAC recombineering using galK selection.

Here, we describe the construction of three new recombineering strains (SW102, SW105 and SW106) that allow bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) to be modified using galK positive/negative selection.

We also show how galK selection can be used to rapidly introduce point mutations, deletions and loxP sites into BAC DNA and thus facilitate functional studies of SNP and/or disease-causing point mutations, the identification of long-range regulatory elements and the construction of conditional targeting vectors.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. Escherichia coli / genetics. Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics. Galactokinase / genetics. Genetic Engineering. Recombination, Genetic

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[Cites] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):5978-83 [10811905.001]

[Cites] Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Mar 15;27(6):1555-7 [10037821.001]

[Cites] Genomics. 2001 Apr 1;73(1):56-65 [11352566.001]

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[Cites] Genesis. 2001 Jan;29(1):14-21 [11135458.001]

(PMID = 15731329.001).

[ISSN] 1362-4962

[Journal-full-title] Nucleic acids research

[ISO-abbreviation] Nucleic Acids Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Escherichia coli Proteins; EC 2.7.1.6 / Galactokinase; X2RN3Q8DNE / Galactose

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC549575

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Determination for optimal ozone dose in O3-BAC].

In the test, the AOC of effluent from BAC is lower than 50 microg/L (acetate-C).

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(PMID = 16881306.001).

[ISSN] 0250-3301

[Journal-full-title] Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

[ISO-abbreviation] Huan Jing Ke Xue

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Water Pollutants; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal; 66H7ZZK23N / Ozone

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Epigenome analyses using BAC microarrays identify evolutionary conservation of tissue-specific methylation of SHANK3.

We developed a method for high-resolution analysis of the methylation status of CpG islands genome-wide, using arrays of BAC clones and the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme NotI.

[MeSH-major] Carrier Proteins / metabolism. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. CpG Islands. DNA Methylation

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(PMID = 15895082.001).

[ISSN] 1061-4036

[Journal-full-title] Nature genetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Nat. Genet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Nerve Tissue Proteins; 0 / SHANK3 protein, human; EC 3.1.21.- / endodeoxyribonuclease BSSHII; EC 3.1.21.4 / Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; EC 3.1.21.4 / GCGGCCGC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Korean BAC library construction and characterization of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB3.

A human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed with high molecular weight DNA extracted from the blood of a male Korean.

This Korean BAC library contains 100,224 clones of insert size ranging from 70 to 150 kb, with an average size of 86 kb, corresponding to a 2.9-fold redundancy of the genome.

The average insert size was determined from 288 randomly selected BAC clones that were well distributed among all the chromosomes.

We developed a pooling system and three-step PCR screen for the Korean BAC library to isolate desired BAC clones, and we confirmed its utility using primer pairs designed for one of the clones.

The Korean BAC library and screening pools will allow PCR-based screening of the Korean genome for any gene of interest.

The haplotype found in this library will provide useful information in future human disease studies.

[MeSH-minor] Asian Continental Ancestry Group. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. HLA-DR alpha-Chains. HLA-DRB3 Chains. Haplotypes. Humans. Male

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(PMID = 16889686.001).

[ISSN] 1225-8687

[Journal-full-title] Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Biochem. Mol. Biol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HLA-DR Antigens; 0 / HLA-DR alpha-Chains; 0 / HLA-DRB3 Chains

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chromosomal mapping of 170 BAC clones in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

Here, we report the molecular cytogenetic characterization of all 14 pairs of C. intestinalis chromosomes, as well as initial large-scale mapping of genomic sequences onto chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

Two-color FISH using 170 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and construction of joined scaffolds using paired BAC end sequences allowed for mapping of up to 65% of the deduced 117-Mb nonrepetitive sequence onto chromosomes.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Gene Expression Regulation / genetics. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods

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[Cites] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 25;97(9):4469-74 [10781046.001]

[Cites] Methods Mol Biol. 2000;132:185-219 [10547837.001]

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(PMID = 16354750.001).

[ISSN] 1088-9051

[Journal-full-title] Genome research

[ISO-abbreviation] Genome Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1361726

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002.

We examined the effects of changes in legal BAC limit in 28 U.S. states from January, 1976 to December, 2002.

Four outcome measures of alcohol-related crash involvement were examined: single-vehicle nighttime, BAC=0.01-0.07, BAC=0.08-0.14, and BAC>/=0.15.

Missing BAC test result data were handled by using multiple imputations.

Inverse variance weighting methods were used to pool results across states for the most precise underlying estimate of effect of legal BAC limits.

Changes in legal BAC limits significantly affected alcohol-related fatal crash involvement for both the SVN and BAC test result measures, and the laws affected drivers at all drinking levels.

IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Given the significant effects of lower legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement, businesses should support implementation of laws that further reduce the legal BAC limit for all drivers.

Furthermore, all companies should set higher standards for employees, such as a zero allowable BAC limit for driving during work time.

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(PMID = 18023634.001).

[ISSN] 0022-4375

[Journal-full-title] Journal of safety research

[ISO-abbreviation] J Safety Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Epstein-Barr virus genetics: talking about the BAC generation.

More recently, HV genomes cloned onto a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) have become available.

HV BACs can be easily modified in E.coli and reintroduced in eukaryotic cells to produce infectious viruses.

Mutants derived from HV BACs have been used both to understand the functions of all types of genetic elements present on the virus genome, but also to generate mutants with potentially medically relevant properties such as preventative vaccines.

Here we retrace the development of the BAC technology applied to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and review the strategies available for the construction of mutants.

We expand on the appropriate controls required for proper use of the EBV BACs, and on the technical hurdles researchers face in working with these recombinants.

Finally, we catalog the EBV BAC mutants that are currently available and illustrate their contributions to the field using a few representative examples.

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(PMID = 21429237.001).

[ISSN] 2042-4280

[Journal-full-title] Herpesviridae

[ISO-abbreviation] Herpesviridae

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC3063228

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Localization and characterization of 170 BAC-derived clones and mapping of 94 microsatellites in the Hessian fly.

Ninety-four microsatellites from enriched genomic libraries of Hessian fly (Hf, Mayetiola destructor [Say]) were localized to 170 cognate clones in an Hf bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library.

These microsatellite-positive BAC clones were physically mapped to polytene chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Diptera / genetics. Gene Library. Genetic Variation. Genetics, Population. Microsatellite Repeats / genetics

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(PMID = 19592640.001).

[ISSN] 1465-7333

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of heredity

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Hered.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparative analysis of copy number detection by whole-genome BAC and oligonucleotide array CGH.

It has been presumed that whole-genome oligonucleotide (oligo) arrays identify more clinically significant copy-number abnormalities than whole-genome bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) arrays, yet this has not been systematically studied in a clinical diagnostic setting.

RESULTS: To determine the difference in detection rate between similarly designed BAC and oligo arrays, we developed whole-genome BAC and oligonucleotide microarrays and validated them in a side-by-side comparison of 466 consecutive clinical specimens submitted to our laboratory for aCGH.

Of the 466 cases studied, 67 (14.3%) had a copy-number imbalance of potential clinical significance detectable by the whole-genome BAC array, and 73 (15.6%) had a copy-number imbalance of potential clinical significance detectable by the whole-genome oligo array.

However, because both platforms identified copy number variants of unclear clinical significance, we designed a systematic method for the interpretation of copy number alterations and tested an additional 3,443 cases by BAC array and 3,096 cases by oligo array.

Of those cases tested on the BAC array, 17.6% were found to have a copy-number abnormality of potential clinical significance, whereas the detection rate increased to 22.5% for the cases tested by oligo array.

CONCLUSIONS: Although BAC arrays have faster turnaround times, the increased detection rate of oligo arrays makes them attractive for clinical cytogenetic testing.

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(PMID = 20587050.001).

[ISSN] 1755-8166

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol Cytogenet

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2909945

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mapping lineage using BAC-Cre reporter lines.

An effective and versatile approach for tracing lineage of progenitors into adult cell types is to target the promoter of an interested gene with Cre (a phage DNA recombinase) to achieve simultaneous activation during neurogenesis.

The bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is an efficient Cre carrier.

Not only the targeted gene remains diploidy in BAC-Cre transgenic mice, but also the large portions of the gene's regulatory elements to be incorporated in the BAC allow Cre to sufficiently and reliably reproduce the endogenous gene expression pattern.

When the BAC-Cre mouse is crossed to a Cre reporter mouse, even Cre is transiently expressed.

Experimental designs and procedures for RecA-based BAC DNA modification and preparation for pronuclear injection are highlighted.

Suggestions for the use of BAC-Cre transgenic mice in fate-mapping analyses are also provided.

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(PMID = 20066654.001).

[ISSN] 1934-8576

[Journal-full-title] Current protocols in neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Protoc Neurosci

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIMH NIH HHS / MH / R01 MH066912

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Bacterial; 147336-22-9 / Green Fluorescent Proteins; EC 2.7.7.- / Cre recombinase; EC 2.7.7.- / Integrases; EC 2.7.7.- / Rec A Recombinases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Constructing recombinant herpesvirus BAC vectors with mating-assisted genetically integrated clone method.

Here we introduced a cloning strategy that facilitates construction of recombinant PRV-BAC vectors based on mating-assisted genetically integrated clone (MAGIC).

The target gene was cloned into a small conditionally replicating donor plasmid, followed by shuffling to a recipient PRV-BAC plasmid in vivo of Escherichia coli through MAGIC.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. Gene Targeting / methods. Genetic Engineering / methods. Genetic Vectors. Herpesvirus 1, Suid / genetics. Recombination, Genetic

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(PMID = 20349331.001).

[ISSN] 1573-6776

[Journal-full-title] Biotechnology letters

[ISO-abbreviation] Biotechnol. Lett.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mapping the chromosomes of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. by BAC-FISH.

In order to obtain a better chromosome characterization of one species from this group, CMA/DAPI double staining followed by in situ hybridization using 45S rDNA and 24 BACs (BAC-FISH) were used on Poncirus trifoliata.

The BACs used were obtained from a genomic library of this species and were selected by membrane hybridization using genomic DNA.

The P. trifoliata karyotype is composed of two chromosome pairs with one terminal and one proximal CMA(+) band (B type chromosomes), four chromosome pairs with a single CMA(+) band (D type) and three chromosome pairs without bands (F type).

In situ hybridization with 13 of the BACs gave single copy signals on seven chromosome pairs.

At least one BAC was mapped on each arm of the two B chromosome pairs.

Among the four D chromosome pairs, two were identified by BACs mapped on the long arms, one has a 45S rDNA site and the other had no signal.

Six BACs allowed identification of the three F chromosome pairs, with one pair hybridizing with four BACs from the Ctv resistance gene region.

In summary, all nine chromosome pairs could be differentiated, seven of them by BAC-FISH, while the other two chromosomes could be recognized by the CMA(+) band pattern and 45S rDNA sites.

This first BAC-FISH map gives a general framework for comparative genome structure and evolutionary studies in Citrus and Poncirus, allowing the integration of genetic and physical maps when these BACs are included.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Mapping. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial. Chromosomes, Plant. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods. Poncirus / genetics

NCI CPTAC Assay Portal. NCI CPTAC Assay Portal .

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[Copyright] Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

(PMID = 18758171.001).

[ISSN] 1424-859X

[Journal-full-title] Cytogenetic and genome research

[ISO-abbreviation] Cytogenet. Genome Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Ribosomal

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Study on control of micro-pollutants by BAC filtration.

The objective of this research was to evaluate removal efficiency of micro-pollutants in a BAC filter that followed ozonation for long term operation.

The experimental results showed that after continuous operation for one year BAC filter still maintained a removal of 15 approximately 20% for COD(Mn) and 20 approximately 30% of removal for UV(254).

Correlative analysis based on lots of data found that empty bed contact time (EBCT) instead of flow rate could obviously impact on removal effect of micro-pollutants in BAC filter.

And the optimal relationship between EBCT and removal effect of micro-pollutants for BAC filter was logarithm.

On the other hand, long term running of BAC filter proved that there was a good removal of chloroform formation potential, but the removal of brominated trihalomethane formation potential decline with further bromization, even there appeared to be formation of bromoform in BAC filter.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. OZONE .

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[Copyright] (c) IWA Publishing 2008.

(PMID = 18725738.001).

[ISSN] 0273-1223

[Journal-full-title] Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

[ISO-abbreviation] Water Sci. Technol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Trihalomethanes; 0 / Water Pollutants, Chemical; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal; 66H7ZZK23N / Ozone

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Hybrid process of BAC and sMBR for treating polluted raw water.

The hybrid process of biological activated carbon (BAC) and submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) was evaluated for the drinking water treatment from polluted raw water, with the respective hydraulic retention time of 0.5 h.

The results confirmed the synergetic effects between the BAC and the subsequent sMBR.

A moderate amount of ammonium (54.5%) was decreased in the BAC; while the total removal efficiency was increased to 89.8% after the further treatment by the sMBR.

In the hybrid process, adsorption of granular activated carbon (in BAC), two stages of biodegradation (in BAC and sMBR), and separation by the membrane (in sMBR) jointly contributed to the removal of organic matter.

Due to the pre-treatment effect of BAC, the membrane fouling in the downstream sMBR was substantially mitigated.

MedlinePlus Health Information. consumer health - Water Pollution.

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(PMID = 19682892.001).

[ISSN] 1873-2976

[Journal-full-title] Bioresource technology

[ISO-abbreviation] Bioresour. Technol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Membranes, Artificial; 0 / Nitrates; 0 / Organic Chemicals; 0 / Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; 0 / Water Pollutants, Chemical; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Previously uncultured beta-Proteobacteria dominate in biologically active granular activated carbon (BAC) filters.

Bacteria colonizing BAC filters used in drinking water purification from lake water were characterized by morphology, physiological tests, whole cell protein profiles and PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) composition, and identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Epifluorescence revealed prothecate bacteria to dominate in BAC.

The majority of cultured bacteria persisting in the BAC biofilter were Burkholderiales, which according to ecological information are efficient in the mineralisation of dissolved organic matter in BAC.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL .

SILVA. SILVA SSU Database .

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(PMID = 19783028.001).

[ISSN] 1879-2448

[Journal-full-title] Water research

[ISO-abbreviation] Water Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Relevance of BAC transgene copy number in mice: transgene copy number variation across multiple transgenic lines and correlations with transgene integrity and expression.

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are excellent tools for manipulating large DNA fragments and, as a result, are increasingly utilized to engineer transgenic mice by pronuclear injection.

The demand for BAC transgenic mice underscores the need for careful inspection of BAC integrity and fidelity following transgenesis, which may be crucial for interpreting transgene function.

However, there are limited data regarding whether BAC transgenes routinely integrate in the mouse genome as intact molecules, how BAC transgenes behave as they are passed through the germline across successive generations, and how variation in BAC transgene copy number relates to transgene expression.

To address these questions, we used TaqMan real-time PCR to estimate BAC transgene copy number in BAC transgenic embryos and lines.

In addition, polymorphic marker analysis suggests that the majority of BAC transgenic lines contain intact molecules.

Notably, all lines containing multiple BAC copies also contain all BAC-specific markers.

Three of 23 founders analyzed contained BAC transgenes integrated into more than one genomic location.

Finally, we show increased BAC transgene copy number correlates with increased BAC transgene expression.

In sum, our efforts have provided a reliable method for assaying BAC transgene integrity and fidelity, and data that should be useful for researchers using BACs as transgenic vectors.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

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(PMID = 17882484.001).

[ISSN] 0938-8990

[Journal-full-title] Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society

[ISO-abbreviation] Mamm. Genome

[Language] eng

[Grant] United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / T32 HD007502; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / T32 HD007502-08; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / T32 GM062758; United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / R01 AR049529; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / 1T32GM62758-03; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R01 HD047880-01; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / 5T32HD07502-08; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R21 DK064251; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R21 DK064251-01S1; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / T32 GM062758-03; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / 1R01HD47880-01; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R21 DK064251-01; United States / NICHD NIH HHS / HD / R01 HD047880; United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / R01 AR049529-04; United States / NIDDK NIH HHS / DK / R21 DK064251-02; United States / NIAMS NIH HHS / AR / 5R01AR049529-04

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 9007-49-2 / DNA; 9012-36-6 / Sepharose

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS293875; NLM/ PMC3110064

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC to immunology--bacterial artificial chromosome-mediated transgenesis for targeting of immune cells.

A powerful development is the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic approach, combining advantages of both conventional transgenic and knock-in gene-targeting strategies.

In immunology the potential of BAC transgenic technology has yet to be fully harvested and, combined with a variety of elegant genetic tools, it will allow the analysis of complex immunological processes in vivo.

In this short review, we discuss the applications of BACs in immunology, such as identification of regulatory regions, expression and cell-fate mapping, cell ablation, conditional mutations and the generation of humanized mice.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / immunology. Gene Transfer Techniques

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Disease Models, Animal. Gene Targeting. Mice. Mice, Transgenic

COS Scholar Universe. author profiles.

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(PMID = 17437533.001).

[ISSN] 0019-2805

[Journal-full-title] Immunology

[ISO-abbreviation] Immunology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 43

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2265958

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] BAC to degeneration bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-mediated transgenesis for modeling basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders.

Basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), are characterized by not only spectrum of motor deficits, ranging form hypokinesia to hyperkinesia, but also emotional, cognitive, and psychiatric manifestations.

Transgenic approaches using large genomic inserts, such as bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-mediated transgenesis, due to its capacity to propagate large-size genomic DNA and faithful production of endogenous-like gene expression pattern/lever, have provided an ideal basis for the generation of transgenic mice as model for basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the functional and structural analysis of neurocircuits.

In this chapter, the basic concepts and practical approaches about application of BAC transgenic system are introduced.

Existent major BAC transgenic mouse models for PD and HD are evaluated according to their construct, face, and predicative validity.

Finally, considerations, possible solutions, and future perspectives of using BAC transgenic approach to study basal ganglia neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.

[MeSH-major] Basal Ganglia Diseases / genetics. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Neurodegenerative Diseases / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Disease Models, Animal. Humans. Huntington Disease / genetics. Huntington Disease / pathology. Mice. Mice, Transgenic. Parkinson Disease / genetics. Parkinson Disease / pathology

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(PMID = 19900614.001).

[ISSN] 0074-7742

[Journal-full-title] International review of neurobiology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. Rev. Neurobiol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 117

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] TiO2/UV/O3-BAC processes for removing refractory and hazardous pollutants in raw water.

TiO2/UV/O3-BAC (biological activated carbon) process was employed to treat raw water and compared to UV/O3-BAC process in its optimum parameters (3 mg/L ozone dosage with 15 min oxidation time and 15 min empty bed contact time in BAC).

For the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, TiO2/UV/O3-BAC was more efficient than UV/O3-BAC and its synergetic effect is more than that in UV/O(3)-BAC process.

GC/MS analysis showed that TiO2/UV/O3-BAC process was effective in removing phthalate esters (PAEs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

TiO2/UV/O3-BAC process was also very effective in removing POPs.

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank. OZONE .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. TITANIUM DIOXIDE .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL .

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(PMID = 16257116.001).

[ISSN] 0304-3894

[Journal-full-title] Journal of hazardous materials

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Hazard. Mater.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Organic Chemicals; 0 / Phthalic Acids; 0 / Water Pollutants; 15FIX9V2JP / titanium dioxide; 16291-96-6 / Charcoal; 66H7ZZK23N / Ozone; 6O7F7IX66E / phthalic acid; D1JT611TNE / Titanium

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparative psychometric properties of the BACS and RBANS in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

The objectives of the present study were to compare the psychometric properties of two such batteries, the BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and the RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status).

METHODS: The French version of the BACS and the RBANS was administered to 36 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and 14 healthy controls.

Internal consistency was satisfying (global scale reliability alphas of 0.90 for the BACS, and 0.87 for the RBANS), although some sub-scores from the RBANS decreased the overall consistency of the instrument.

BACS and RBANS composite scores were highly correlated to verbal, non-verbal and total WAIS-III scores (BACS: r=0.727, 0.865 and 0.857, respectively; RBANS: r=0.843, 0.747 and 0.875, respectively).

Patients underperformed controls by a magnitude of 1.81 SD (BACS), and 0.78 SD (RBANS), after adjusting for education.

CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties and ease of use of the BACS and the RBANS were overall satisfying.

The BACS demonstrated better internal consistency and test-retest reliability than the RBANS and was nominally more sensitive to diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Cognition Disorders / diagnosis. Neuropsychological Tests / statistics & numerical data. Psychotic Disorders / diagnosis. Schizophrenia / diagnosis. Schizophrenic Psychology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Female. Humans. Male. Memory Disorders / diagnosis. Memory Disorders / psychology. Practice (Psychology). Psychiatric Status Rating Scales. Psychometrics. Reproducibility of Results. Sensitivity and Specificity. Wechsler Scales

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(PMID = 18790606.001).

[ISSN] 0920-9964

[Journal-full-title] Schizophrenia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Schizophr. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparison of AC/O3-BAC and O3-BAC processes for removing organic pollutants in secondary effluent.

AC (activated carbon)/O3-BAC (biological activated carbon) process was employed to treat secondary effluent and compared to O3-BAC process.

The effects of ozone dosages and empty bed contact time (EBCT) in BAC on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were investigated.

DOC removal increased with ozone dosage and EBCT in BAC, however, 3 mg l(-1) ozone dosage with 15 min oxidation time and 15 min EBCT in BAC were more economical and efficient.

For DOC removal, AC/O3-BAC was more efficient than O3-BAC and its synergetic effect was more than that in O3-BAC process.

The biomass of the subsequent BAC unit in AC/O3-BAC process was more than that in O3-BAC process and much more than that in BAC alone.

However, some small molecules were generated, after further biological treatment by BAC, the kinds and concentration of organic compounds were greatly reduced.

MedlinePlus Health Information. consumer health - Ozone.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. OZONE .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. CARBON .

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(PMID = 16087215.001).

[ISSN] 0045-6535

[Journal-full-title] Chemosphere

[ISO-abbreviation] Chemosphere

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Organic Chemicals; 0 / Water Pollutants, Chemical; 66H7ZZK23N / Ozone; 7440-44-0 / Carbon

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Modification of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and preparation of intact BAC DNA for generation of transgenic mice.

BAC transgenesis is a powerful tool for the study of gene expression and gene function in the mouse in vivo.

In this unit, detailed protocols are provided for modification (i.e., marker gene insertion, deletion, or point mutation) of BACs by homologous recombination in E. coli.

This method utilizes a shuttle vector that allows transient expression of the E. coli RecA gene to support homologous recombination in the BAC host bacteria.

In addition, two protocols are provided for purification of BAC DNA for microinjection to generate transgenic mice.

Since BAC DNA is prone to degradation, which may introduce positional effects in transgenic mice, two methods are given for purification of intact BAC DNA for subsequent microinjection.

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(PMID = 18428623.001).

[ISSN] 1934-8576

[Journal-full-title] Current protocols in neuroscience

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Protoc Neurosci

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Construction of BAC and BIBAC libraries from sunflower and identification of linkage group-specific clones by overgo hybridization.

Complementary BAC and BIBAC libraries were constructed from nuclear DNA of sunflower cultivar HA 89.

The BAC library, constructed with BamHI in the pECBAC1 vector, contains 107,136 clones and has an average insert size of 140 kb.

The frequencies of BAC and BIBAC clones carrying chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA sequences were estimated to be 2.35 and 0.04%, respectively, and insert-empty clones were less than 0.5%.

Thirty-six overgos were designed and pooled as probes to screen a subset (5.1x) of the BAC and BIBAC libraries.

As a result, 195 BAC and BIBAC clones representing 19 linkage groups were identified, including 76 BAC clones and 119 BIBAC clones, further verifying the genome coverage and utility of the libraries.

These BAC and BIBAC libraries and linkage group-specific clones provide resources essential for comprehensive research of the sunflower genome.

[MeSH-minor] Chromosome Mapping. Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Cloning, Molecular. DNA, Plant / genetics. Gene Library. Nucleic Acid Hybridization

COS Scholar Universe. author profiles.

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(PMID = 16612648.001).

[ISSN] 0040-5752

[Journal-full-title] TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

[ISO-abbreviation] Theor. Appl. Genet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / DNA, Plant

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The BAC resource: tools for array CGH and FISH.

Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) vector clones carrying human DNA were chosen as the intermediate templates for the sequencing of the human genome due to their inherent stability and fidelity to the genome sequence from which they were derived.

In this unit, we describe a set of protocols for BAC-based array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) that comprise the generation of targets for printing solutions onto glass slides, the subsequent hybridization steps, and CGH analysis of a test sample compared to a reference normal sample.

The BAC clones through their sequence allow the extent and gene content of numerical aberrations to be delineated by aCGH, and also provide cytogeneticists with tools for subsequent validation or fine mapping studies.

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(PMID = 18428377.001).

[ISSN] 1934-8258

[Journal-full-title] Current protocols in human genetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Protoc Hum Genet

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Self-excision of the BAC sequences from the recombinant Marek's disease virus genome increases replication and pathogenicity.

Cloning of full length genomes of herpesviruses as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) has greatly facilitated the manipulation of the genomes of several herpesviruses to identify the pathogenic determinants.

We have previously reported the construction of the BAC clone (pRB-1B5) of the highly oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain RB-1B, which has proven to be a valuable resource for elucidating several oncogenic determinants.

Despite the retention of the BAC replicon within the genome, the reconstituted virus was able to induce tumours in susceptible chickens.

Nevertheless, it was unclear whether the presence of the BAC influenced the full oncogenic potential of the reconstituted virus.

To maximize the closeness of BAC-derived virus to the parental RB-1B strain, we modified the existing pRB-1B5 clone by restoring the Us2 and by introducing SV40-cre cassette within the loxP sites of the mini-F plasmid, to allow self-excision of the plasmid sequences in chicken cells.

Excision of the BAC sequences also enhanced the pathogenicity to levels similar to that of the parental virus, as the cumulative incidence of Marek's disease in groups infected with the recombinant and the parental viruses showed no significant differences.

Thus, we have been able to make significant improvements to the existing BAC clone of this highly oncogenic virus which would certainly increase its usefulness as a valuable tool for studies on identifying the oncogenic determinants of this major avian pathogen.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics. Herpesvirus 2, Gallid / physiology. Marek Disease / virology

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(PMID = 18230192.001).

[ISSN] 1743-422X

[Journal-full-title] Virology journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Virol. J.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / / BB/C506448/1

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2248170