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[Title] Detection of FLT3 gene and FLT3/ITD mutation by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients of different immunological subtypes.

The positivity rate of FLT3 gene in pre-pre B-lineage ALL, pre-B-ALL, B-lineage ALL and T-lineage ALL cases were 93.3% (14/15), 77.8% (14/18), 41.7% (5/12) and 28.6% (4/14), respectively.

Two cases (3.2%) were found to have FLT3/ITD mutation, which were also positive for myeloid antigen expression and diagnosed as acute mixed-lineage leukemia, showing leukocytosis and high percentage of bone marrow blast cells with poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: FLT3 gene can be detected in both B-and T-lineage ALL patients, but more frequently in the former.

In B-lineage ALL patients, FLT3 gene is more frequent in cases with undifferentiated than those with differentiated blast cells.

FLT3/ITD is rarely detected in ALL patients and FLT3/ITD mutation detection might be helpful to identify the genotypes and evaluate the prognosis of acute leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Mutation. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics. Tandem Repeat Sequences / genetics. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / genetics

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(PMID = 16234090.001).

[ISSN] 1000-2588

[Journal-full-title] Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA

[ISO-abbreviation] Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Major molecular response to imatinib in a patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia expressing a novel BCR/ABL transcript].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the novel BCR/ABL transcript in a patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL), and to evaluate the imatinib treatment response by quantitatively monitoring the aberrant BCR/ABL.

Morphological analysis of the bone marrow showed the myeloid blast cells accounted for 66%, and immunophenotyping analysis showed 2 groups of aberrant blast cells: myeloid and B lineage.

Chemical therapy and bone marrow transplantation failed to control the disease, and a novel BCR/ABL transcript (GenBank: EF423615) was found by using several detection protocols.

[MeSH-major] Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Piperazines / therapeutic use. Pyrimidines / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 19552835.001).

[ISSN] 0376-2491

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua yi xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Benzamides; 0 / Piperazines; 0 / Pyrimidines; 8A1O1M485B / Imatinib Mesylate; EC 2.7.10.2 / Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Fusion of the MOZ and TIF2 genes by an inv (8) (p11q13) translocation has been identified in patients with acute mixed-lineage leukemia.

Stable expression of MOZ-TIF2 inhibited retinoic acid (RA) inducible endogenous CD11b and C/EBPbeta gene response.

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Blotting, Western. Carrier Proteins / genetics. Carrier Proteins / metabolism. Corticosterone. Genes, Reporter. Humans. Leukemia, Myeloid / genetics. Receptors, Androgen / genetics. Receptors, Estrogen / genetics

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(PMID = 17697320.001).

[ISSN] 1476-4598

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / NCOA2 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 0 / Receptors, Androgen; 0 / Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; EC 2.3.1.48 / Histone Acetyltransferases; EC 2.3.1.48 / KAT6A protein, human; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2048977

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Therapy-related, mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(1;21)(p36;q22) and RUNX1 rearrangement.

We describe here a new case of therapy-related acute leukemia with t(1;21)(p36;q22).

Immunophenotypic analyses revealed that blasts were positive for CD19, CD79a, and cytCD22, as well as MPO, CD13, and CD33, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of mixed phenotype acute leukemia, B/myeloid.

The patient died of disease progression after 10 months.

Thus, acute leukemia with t(1;21) and RUNX1 rearrangement could be associated with B/myeloid mixed phenotype as well as previous topoisomerase II inhibitor therapy and poor prognoses.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21. Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / genetics. Gene Rearrangement. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Neoplasms, Second Primary / genetics

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[Copyright] 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20682397.001).

[ISSN] 1873-4456

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; 0 / RUNX1 protein, human

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Successful treatment with clarithromycin for Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, T/myeloid, NOS].

The diagnosis was Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, T/myeloid, NOS.

This clinical course suggests CAM is effective for this leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage. Clarithromycin / administration & dosage. Leukemia / drug therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy. Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Aged. Drug Synergism. Drug Therapy, Combination. Female. Humans. Pneumonia, Bacterial / complications. Pneumonia, Bacterial / drug therapy. Prednisolone / administration & dosage

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(PMID = 20467229.001).

[ISSN] 0485-1439

[Journal-full-title] [Rinshō ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Rinsho Ketsueki

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Bacterial Agents; 9PHQ9Y1OLM / Prednisolone; H1250JIK0A / Clarithromycin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Successful selection of chemotherapy based on cell surface antigens in a patient with mixed phenotype acute leukemia].

The patient was diagnosed as having mixed phenotype acute leukemia, T/myeloid, NOS, according to the WHO classification.

After initial treatment, residual leukemic cells with CD13, CD33 and MPO were detected by FCM; therefore, he received re-induction chemotherapy for AML, and achieved CR.

Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage is a relatively rare subtype in acute leukemia and standard chemotherapy has not been established.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, Surface. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Leukemia / drug therapy. Leukemia / immunology

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Cyclophosphamide. Cytarabine / administration & dosage. Daunorubicin / administration & dosage. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prednisolone / administration & dosage. Treatment Outcome. Vincristine / administration & dosage

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(PMID = 20534955.001).

[ISSN] 0485-1439

[Journal-full-title] [Rinshō ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Rinsho Ketsueki

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Surface; 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 8N3DW7272P / Cyclophosphamide; 9PHQ9Y1OLM / Prednisolone; ZS7284E0ZP / Daunorubicin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Results of a phase I study of clofarabine (CLO) plus cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult patients (pts) with relapsed and/or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODS: Pts ≥ 21 years (yrs) with primary refractory or relapsed ALL, NYHA class < 3, and a cardiac ejection fraction ≥ 45% were eligible.

Twenty-one pts had pre-B ALL, 5 pts pre-T/T ALL, 1 pt mature B ALL, and 3 pts biphenotypic acute leukemias.

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(PMID = 27961382.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Clinical characteristics and immunophenotypes of mixed-lineage acute leukemia].

The aim of study was to analyze the clinical, biological features, treatment outcome and prognosis of mixed-lineage acute leukemia (MAL).

48 MAL patients diagnosed according to European Group of International Leukemia (EGIL) scoring system were retrospectively analyzed and the analysis results were compared with that from 68 cases of AML and 61 cases of ALL.

The results showed that the incidence of MAL in acute leukemia was 9.6%.

The median of white blood cell count in MAL was significantly higher than that of non-mixed-lineage cases (AML and ALL) observed during the same period (P < 0.05).

Coexpression of myeloid and B lymphoid antigens in MAL patients was predominant, its rate was 70.9%.

The coexpression rate of T lymphoid and myeloid antigens was 20.8%, coexpression of B, T lymphoid and myeloid antigens was 8.3%.

In MAL Ph chromosome abnormality incidence was 25% and was significantly higher than that in AML group (0%) (P < 0.01), but was not statistical defference with that in ALL group (16.7%) (P > 0.05).

It is concluded that MAL is supposed to be originated from stem cells, coexpression of lymphoid/myeloid antigens is the major feature of MAL which accompanies many poor prognosis factors and lower CR rate.

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(PMID = 17605883.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prognosis of children with mixed phenotype acute leukemia treated on the basis of consistent immunophenotypic criteria.

BACKGROUND: Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) represents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

The European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias (EGIL) scoring system unambiguously defines MPAL expressing aberrant lineage markers.

DESIGN AND METHODS: Simple immunophenotypic criteria were used to classify all cases of childhood acute leukemia in order to provide therapy directed against acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia.

Prognosis, genotype and immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor gene rearrangement status were analyzed.

RESULTS: The incidences of MPAL were 28/582 and 4/107 for children treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia regimens, respectively.

In immunophenotypic principal component analysis, MPAL treated as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia clustered between cases of non-mixed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, while other MPAL cases were included in the respective non-mixed B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia clusters.

Analogously, immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor gene rearrangements followed the expected pattern in patients treated as having acute myeloid leukemia (non-rearranged, 4/4) or as having B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (rearranged, 20/20), but were missing in 3/5 analyzed cases of MPAL treated as having T-cell acute lymphobastic leukemia.

In patients who received acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, the 5-year event-free survival of the MPAL cases was worse than that of the non-mixed cases (53+/-10% and 76+/-2% at 5 years, respectively, P=0.0075), with a more pronounced difference among B lineage cases.

The small numbers of MPAL cases treated as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or as acute myeloid leukemia hampered separate statistics.

CONCLUSIONS: Simple immunophenotypic criteria are useful for therapy decisions in MPAL.

In B lineage leukemia, MPAL confers poorer prognosis.

However, our data do not justify a preferential use of current acute myeloid leukemia-based therapy in MPAL.

[MeSH-major] Immunophenotyping. Leukemia / diagnosis. Leukemia / therapy. Phenotype

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Child. Child, Preschool. Diagnosis, Differential. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / immunology. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / therapy. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / immunology. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy. Prognosis. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology

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(PMID = 20145275.001).

[ISSN] 1592-8721

[Journal-full-title] Haematologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Haematologica

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2878790

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A study of mixed phenotype acute leukemia based on the 2008 World Health Organization classification].

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical significance of revised 2008 WHO classification needed to diagnose mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).

METHODS: A total of 22 MPAL patients, previously diagnosed by applying the scoring system of the European Group for Immunological Classification of Acute Leukemias (EGIL) were reclassified based on the 2008 WHO classification.

RESULTS: In 2008 WHO classification, the number of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) required for assigning more than one lineage was markedly decreased, from 26 to 11, compared with that of EGIL.

Seventeen of the 22 MPAL patients were reclassified as MPAL with following details: 6 MPAL with t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); BCR-ABL1, 1 MPAL with t(v;11q23); MLL rearranged, 7 MPAL, B/Myeloid, not otherwise specified (NOS) and 3 MPAL, T/Myeloid, NOS.

Five patients were excluded from MPAL in the revised classification: 4 cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase (cMPO)-negative and 1 CD19-negative.

One patient with cCD79a, CD20, CD38, cMPO and CD15, whose diagnosis was reclassified from MPAL to AML has survived during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS: Because of decreased number of mAbs needed, it is possible that acute leukemia panel is designed to include all mAbs required to diagnose MPAL according to 2008 WHO classification.

When diagnosing MPAL, it is critical to figure out positivity in either cMPO or CD19, and AML expressing more than 2 lymphoid antigens are considered as MPAL.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology. Child. Chromosomes, Human. Female. Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / metabolism. Humans. Infant. Male. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Philadelphia Chromosome. Survival Analysis. World Health Organization

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(PMID = 21157134.001).

[ISSN] 1598-6535

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Lab Med

[Language] kor

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; EC 2.7.10.2 / Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapse in the iris.

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare condition with no previously reported intraocular involvement.

We present clinical, radiologic, and cytologic findings of leukemic intraocular relapse in a 23-month-old girl, with lineage switch presenting as conjunctivitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20863726.001).

[ISSN] 1528-3933

[Journal-full-title] Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

[ISO-abbreviation] J AAPOS

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MLL-AF10 fusion protein, human; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: historical overview and a new definition.

Acute leukemia with a mixed phenotype is a rare disease and comprises 2-5% of all acute leukemias.

These disorders have been known historically by a variety of names, such as mixed lineage leukemia, bilineal leukemia and biphenotypic leukemia, and the criteria for diagnosis have often been arbitrary.

The scoring criteria proposed by the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias represented a major attempt to define this disorder.

However, the relative weight given to some markers and the lack of lineage specificity of most markers have raised questions regarding the significance of this approach.

In 2008, the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors proposed a simpler diagnostic algorithm, which relies on fewer and more lineage-specific markers to define mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).

MPAL with t(9;22) and MLL rearrangement have been separated.

Several studies have suggested that patients with acute leukemia of mixed phenotype have a worse clinical outcome when compared with matched controls with acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Further studies are needed to confirm the significance of MPAL as currently defined, to determine a standardized treatment approach and to better understand the biological and clinical aspects of this disease.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Antigens, CD / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Blast Crisis / pathology. Gene Rearrangement. Humans. Leukemia, B-Cell / classification. Leukemia, B-Cell / genetics. Leukemia, T-Cell / classification. Leukemia, T-Cell / genetics. Phenotype

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(PMID = 20844566.001).

[ISSN] 1476-5551

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia

[ISO-abbreviation] Leukemia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparison between CD19 and CD20 expression patterns on acute leukemic cells.

In order to provide the evidences for CD19 as a better antibody targeting molecule for B lineage acute leukemias than CD20 through the multi-parameter flow-cytometry analysis of leukemia cells, the samples from 321 patients with acute leukemia (AL) were immunophenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry and CD45/SSC gating strategy followed by the analysis of CD19 and CD20 expression.

The results showed that the positive rate of CD19 (115/116, 99.1%) in 116 cases with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B lineage ALL) was significantly higher than that of CD20 (33/116, 28.4%) (P < 0.01); in 17 patients with B lineage/Myeloid (B/My) acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL), the former positive rate (17/17, 100%) was also higher than the latter (5/17, 29.4%) (P < 0.01).

Both of the two antigens were negative in 29 patients with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia and 7 patients with T/My AMLL.

The positive rates of CD19 and CD20 in 152 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were 7.2% and 2.0%, respectively.

The difference of the fluorescence intensity between the two antigens on the cells from each patient with B lineage ALL or B/My AMLL was statistically significant (t = 20.68, P < 0.001).

The specificity of CD19 and CD20 in B lymphocytic lineage was 92.3% (132/143) and 92.7% (38/41), respectively, while the sensitivity was 99.2% (132/133) and 28.6% (38/133), respectively, the former sensitivity was significantly higher than the latter (chi(2) = 144.018, P = 0.001).

It is concluded that CD19 continuously and steadily express on almost all subtypes of B lineage leukemic cells with homogeneous pattern while only a small number of leukemias express CD20.

These indicate that CD19 may be a better antibody targeting molecule than CD20 for patients with B-lineage acute leukemia.

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(PMID = 16403255.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD19; 0 / Antigens, CD20

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinical characteristics and outcome of children with biphenotypic acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge concerning the clinical and biological presentation, as well as the outcome of treatment, of biphenotypic acute leukemia in children is limited.

DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective review analyzes the clinical features and outcome of children with biphenotypic acute leukemia diagnosed and treated over an 8-year period.

According to the EGIL scoring system 24 (3.7%) of 633 patients with acute leukemia were classified as having biphenotypic acute leukemia.

The diagnostic work-up and results were reviewed specifically for this study in the light of the newly published WHO criteria for the diagnosis of leukemia of ambiguous lineage.

Based on these criteria, 11 (1.7%) patients were categorized according to the new nomenclature as having mixed phenotype acute leukemia.

The majority of the patients (58.3%) had a B-lymphoid/myeloid phenotype, followed by the T-lymphoid/myeloid phenotype.

The most frequent chromosomal abnormality involved the 14q32 locus.

Patients received therapy based on a treatment regimen for acute lymphocytic leukemia regimen, which included myeloid-effective agents.

The survival of those patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission was not different from that of the patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone (overall survival: 70.1% versus 81.1%, respectively, p=0.39; event-free survival: 70.1% versus 76.2%, respectively, p=0.75).

The outcome of the 11 patients who were retrospectively classified as having mixed phenotype acute leukemia according to the new WHO criteria was excellent, with no relapses or deaths occurring among these patients.

CONCLUSIONS: An acute lymphocytic leukemia type of induction therapy, using agents that are active against lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, appears to be more effective in achieving and maintaining complete remissions regardless of whether the patients are classified according to EGIL criteria or the new WHO criteria.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may not be necessary for all patients in first complete remission.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Antigens, CD / analysis. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Flow Cytometry. Follow-Up Studies. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Humans. Immunophenotyping. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Infant. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Karyotyping. Male. Outcome Assessment (Health Care) / methods. Remission Induction. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 19713227.001).

[ISSN] 1592-8721

[Journal-full-title] Haematologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Haematologica

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2791935

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] PAX-5: a valuable immunohistochemical marker in the differential diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: Undifferentiated tumors and hematolymphoid neoplasms can be diagnostically challenging due to potential overlap of morphologic features and variant antigen expression.

PAX-5, a transcription factor expressed throughout B-cell maturation, is detected in most B-cell neoplasms including those that lack expression of mature B-cell markers, such as classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), B-lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphomas following rituximab therapy.

The lack of PAX-5 expression in most CD30-positive non-hematopoietic malignancies (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma) and T-cell lymphomas, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), suggests that the absence of PAX-5 may be used to confirm non-B-cell lineage.

DESIGN: Diagnostic lymph node, decalcified core bone marrow biopsies and tissue sections from 111 archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and a tissue lymphoma microarray were immunostained using a monoclonal antibody to PAX-5.

RESULTS: Nuclear PAX-5 immunoreactivity was detected in 88% (36/41) of Hodgkin lymphoma, all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=72), small B-cell lymphomas (n=5), B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and mixed phenotype acute leukemia with B-cell lineage (n=5).

PAX-5 was not detected in ALCL (n=22), T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, mixed phenotype acute leukemia with T-cell lineage (n=5), acute myeloid leukemia (n=4), carcinoid tumors with typical morphology (n=5), melanoma (n=3), and undifferentiated/metastatic tumors (n=8).

Non-neoplastic bone marrow sections showed scattered nuclear staining in small B-cell lymphocytes/hematogones.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our results demonstrate that including PAX-5 in a panel with other immunomarkers helps establish B-cell lineage and increases diagnostic yield.

[MeSH-major] B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Lymphoma / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Diagnosis, Differential. Hodgkin Disease / diagnosis. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / diagnosis. Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / diagnosis

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(PMID = 20660931.001).

[ISSN] 1554-6179

[Journal-full-title] Clinical medicine & research

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin Med Res

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / PAX5 protein, human

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2910102

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Infantile mixed phenotype acute leukemia (bilineal and biphenotypic) with t(10;11)(p12;q23);MLL-MLLT10.

We report a case of a 6-month-old boy with a mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), bilineal and biphenotypic immunophenotype (B-lymphoid lineage and combined B-lymphoid and monocytic lineage) with t(10;11)(p12;q23);MLL-MLLT10.

He was treated with acute myeloid leukemia protocol and in complete remission at 7-month follow-up.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported MLL-MLLT10 rearranged case presenting as MPAL in an infant.

From a clinical practice standpoint, this case illustrates the importance of detection of MLL rearrangement due to its prognostic implication and the effectiveness of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in diagnosing MPAL and monitoring minimal residual disease.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / genetics. Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / genetics. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Translocation, Genetic / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Flow Cytometry. Gene Rearrangement. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Infant. Karyotyping. Male. Neoplasm, Residual / genetics. Neoplasm, Residual / pathology. Neoplasm, Residual / therapy. Phenotype. Prognosis. Remission Induction

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[Copyright] Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20299091.001).

[ISSN] 1873-5835

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MLL-AF10 fusion protein, human; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The ultrastructure of hybrid acute leukemia: a study of 15 cases.

The objective of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of hybrid acute leukemia (HAL).

By TEM, 5 out 15 cases of HAL were consistent with immunophenotyping (3 cases of biphenotypic type, and 2 cases of biclonal type with granulocytes and lymphocytes); 2 cases were suspected as HAL.

Most of the blast cells of biphenotypic HAL showed lymphoid features, except some cases containing MPO positive granules in blasts, while a few cases exhibited monocytic or nonspecific features.

TEM offers advantages in the diagnosis of biclonal type HAL and biphenotypic HAL positive for MPO.

However, it is difficult to differentiate MPO-negative cases of biphenotypic HAL from ALL and a few cases may be misinterpreted as M5 by TEM.

[MeSH-major] Granulocyte Precursor Cells / ultrastructure. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis. Lymphocytes / ultrastructure. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Child. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Male. Microscopy, Electron, Transmission. Middle Aged. Peroxidase / metabolism. Phenotype

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(PMID = 16257860.001).

[ISSN] 0191-3123

[Journal-full-title] Ultrastructural pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ultrastruct Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.11.1.7 / Peroxidase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with acute leukemia of mixed phenotype.

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9. Humans. Interphase. Karyotyping. Leukemia / diagnosis. Leukemia / genetics. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / diagnosis. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / genetics. Male. Metaphase. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 21157160.001).

[ISSN] 1598-6535

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Lab Med

[Language] kor

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Discrepant immunophenotypic characteristics between the lymph node and bone marrow in two mixed-phenotype acute leukemia patients.

The immunophenotypic profile of hematological malignancies is usually consistent among different sites of involvement; this consistency allows reliable diagnosis from peripheral blood, bone marrow, or lymph node, especially in cases of acute leukemia.

Here, we report two Korean patients with acute leukemia where the results of immunophenotypic analysis of the bone marrow specimen were different from those of immunohistochemical studies of a biopsy sample of a cervical lymph node, particularly with respect to myeloperoxidase and CD3.

The clinical significance of the immunophenotypic disparity found in the patients still remains unknown; however, discrepancies between the different anatomic sites that are simultaneously involved can occur in a subset of leukemia patients.

Therefore, integration of all the relevant results, including those of the bone marrow studies, may be helpful for accurate diagnosis and selecting appropriate treatment modalities.

[MeSH-major] Bone Marrow / pathology. Immunophenotyping / methods. Leukemia / diagnosis. Lymph Nodes / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adolescent. Adult. Antigens, CD3 / metabolism. Female. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Male. Peroxidase / metabolism. Phenotype

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(PMID = 19893347.001).

[ISSN] 1598-6535

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Lab Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD3; EC 1.11.1.7 / Peroxidase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: One hundred thirty-four patients with congenital heart disease were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups according to the cardioplegia formula used: the high-potassium (HP) group (K(+), 20 mmol/L), 46 patients; the high-potassium adenosine-lidocaine (HPAL) group (K(+), 20 mmol/L; adenosine, 0.7 mmol/L; and lidocaine, 0.7 mmol/L), 44 patients; and the moderate-potassium adenosine-lidocaine (MPAL) group (K(+), 10 mmol/L; adenosine, 0.7 mmol/L; and lidocaine, 0.7 mmol/L), 44 patients.

RESULTS: At the end of cardiopulmonary bypass and modified ultrafiltration, the systolic and pulse pressures of the MPAL group were significantly increased compared with the respective values of the HP group.

At the time points of 1 to 12 hours after reperfusion, the levels of serum cardiac troponin I were significantly decreased in the MPAL group compared with those in the HP and HPAL groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The MPAL cardioplegia formula was associated with better myocardial protective effects.

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(PMID = 19114188.001).

[ISSN] 1097-685X

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cardioplegic Solutions; 0 / Cardiotonic Agents; 98PI200987 / Lidocaine; K72T3FS567 / Adenosine; RWP5GA015D / Potassium

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The aim of this study was to assess the results of surgical treatment of multiple primary adenocarcinomas of the lung (MPAL) analyzing the radiological and histological features.

METHODS: From 1988 to 2005, 26 patients underwent surgical treatment for MPAL at our department, for a total of 52 tumors.

RESULTS: Thirty-seven tumors were classified as solid, two as ground-glass opacities (GGO) and 13 as mixed solid/GGO tumors on the basis of CT scan evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of MPAL is associated with favorable results.

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(PMID = 19169994.001).

[ISSN] 0171-6425

[Journal-full-title] The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon

[ISO-abbreviation] Thorac Cardiovasc Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Report of a case of hybrid acute leukemia with t (12; 22) and literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To report a hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) patient with t (12;.

Leukemia surface markers were detected by anti-biotin-biotin complex and monoclonal antibodies.

RESULTS: The clinical and hematological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of HAL.

Lymphoid and myeloid markers were positive on the leukemia cells.

22) translocation is a rare chromosome abnormality in leukemia.

This translocation as a cytogenetic marker for poor-prognosis in leukemia needs to be further studied.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 16875585.001).

[ISSN] 0253-2727

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] China

[Number-of-references] 20

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Induction of apoptosis in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia.

Defects in the core machinery of the apoptosis pathway contribute to chemoresistance and poor outcomes in patients with acute leukemia.

This review highlights compounds that target the mitochondrial, death receptor, and convergence pathways of caspase activation that are being developed for the treatment of acute leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / physiology. Leukemia, Lymphoid / therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid / therapy

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(PMID = 17040621.001).

[ISSN] 1523-3790

[Journal-full-title] Current oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Oncol Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Death Domain; EC 3.4.22.- / Caspases

[Number-of-references] 68

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein depletion on clathrin coat formation.

The endocytic accessory clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM) is the ubiquitously expressed homolog of the neuron-specific protein AP180 that has been implicated in the retrieval of synaptic vesicle.

[MeSH-minor] Cell Membrane / metabolism. Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane / ultrastructure. Endosomes / metabolism. HeLa Cells. Humans. RNA Interference. Transcription Factor AP-2 / metabolism. trans-Golgi Network / metabolism

Genetic Alliance. consumer health - Leukemia, Myeloid.

Gene Ontology. gene/protein/disease-specific - Gene Ontology annotations from this paper .

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NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program .

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(PMID = 16262731.001).

[ISSN] 1398-9219

[Journal-full-title] Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)

[ISO-abbreviation] Traffic

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Clathrin; 0 / Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins; 0 / PICALM protein, human; 0 / Transcription Factor AP-2

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), or acute leukemia with a single population of blasts coexpressing markers of two different lineages, is a rare clinical entity.

To define BAL, a scoring system was proposed by the European Group of Immunological Markers for Leukemias (EGIL) in 1995.

However, increasing evidence suggests that this system has limitations, as acknowledged by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.

We propose a new paradigmatic approach to defining BAL based on recent clinical studies of BAL and advances in immunologic marker definition and cytogenetics, and applied our new approach to 8 cases of "BAL" among a cohort of 742 new acute leukemias in our Cancer Center.

By our new criteria, 6 cases were reclassified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), while only 2 were still classified as BAL.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged, 80 and over. Antigens, Neoplasm / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Biomarkers, Tumor / immunology. Child. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Male. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Retrospective Studies. World Health Organization. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19918331.001).

[ISSN] 1936-2625

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical and experimental pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Clin Exp Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2776262

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; ALL / AML / Biphenotypic acute leukemia / EGIL / classification

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We have found that domains containing the adapter complex 2 (AP2)-coated vesicle adapter and the endocytic accessory proteins CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein), epsin, and eps15/eps15R (EGF receptor pathway substrate 15-related) nevertheless persist at the plasma membrane.

[MeSH-major] Cell Membrane / metabolism. Cell Surface Extensions / metabolism. Clathrin / metabolism

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(PMID = 16735469.001).

[ISSN] 0027-8424

[Journal-full-title] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

[ISO-abbreviation] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Protein Complex 2; 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; 0 / Clathrin; 0 / epsin

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC1482644

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Minimal residual disease-directed therapy for childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: results of the AML02 multicentre trial.

BACKGROUND: We sought to improve outcome in patients with childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) by applying risk-directed therapy that was based on genetic abnormalities of the leukaemic cells and measurements of minimal residual disease (MRD) done by flow cytometry during treatment.

METHODS: From Oct 13, 2002, to June 19, 2008, 232 patients with de-novo AML (n=206), therapy-related or myelodysplasia-related AML (n=12), or mixed-lineage leukaemia (n=14) were enrolled at eight centres.

Induction 2 consisted of ADE with or without gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody); consolidation therapy included three additional courses of chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT).

Both MRD and genetic abnormalities at diagnosis were used to determine the final risk classification.

Other analyses were limited to the 216 patients with AML, excluding those with mixed-lineage leukaemia.

Induction failures included two deaths from toxic effects and ten cases of resistant leukaemia.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Aminoglycosides / therapeutic use. Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use. Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Child. Child, Preschool. Cytarabine / administration & dosage. Cytogenetic Analysis. Daunorubicin / administration & dosage. Disease-Free Survival. Etoposide / administration & dosage. Female. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Male. Neoplasm, Residual. Remission Induction. Survival Rate. Young Adult

MedlinePlus Health Information. consumer health - Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

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Hazardous Substances Data Bank. CYTARABINE .

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. DAUNORUBICIN .

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[Copyright] Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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[CommentIn] Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jun;11(6):502-3 [20522371.001]

(PMID = 20451454.001).

[ISSN] 1474-5488

[Journal-full-title] The Lancet. Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Lancet Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Databank-accession-numbers] ClinicalTrials.gov/ NCT00136084

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA021765; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA115422; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA115422-02

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aminoglycosides; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; 93NS566KF7 / gemtuzumab; ZS7284E0ZP / Daunorubicin; DAV regimen

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS319127; NLM/ PMC3171799

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Transforming human blood stem and progenitor cells: a new way forward in leukemia modeling.

MLL-AF9 (MA9) is a leukemia fusion gene formed upon translocation of the AF9 gene on chromosome 9 and the MLL gene on chromosome 11.

MA9 is commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occasionally in acute lymphoid leukemia and is associated with intermediate to poor outcome.

We have recently described a model system whereby we expressed the MA9 fusion gene in human CD34(+) Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) cells and showed that these cells transformed to acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia when injected into immunodeficient mice.

The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) oncogenes are unique in this model system in that they promote full transformation of primary human blood cells, while all other leukemia-associated oncogenes tested thus far have induced only partial phenotypes.

Here we provide an update on the use of this system for modeling human leukemia and its potential application for therapeutic testing of novel compounds to treat the disease.

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(PMID = 18948748.001).

[ISSN] 1551-4005

[Journal-full-title] Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell Cycle

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA118319; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / K01 CA090370; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR 08084; United States / NCRR NIH HHS / RR / M01 RR008084; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA118319-04; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / R01 CA118319-04; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA118319; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA90370

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MLL-AF9 fusion protein, human; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; EC 3.6.5.2 / rac GTP-Binding Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS169825; NLM/ PMC2812025

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] MLL translocations, histone modifications and leukaemia stem-cell development.

Translocations that involve the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene identify a unique group of acute leukaemias, and often predict a poor prognosis.

A key feature of MLL fusion proteins is their ability to efficiently transform haematopoietic cells into leukaemia stem cells.

The link between a chromatin modulator and leukaemia stem cells provides support for epigenetic landscapes as an important part of leukaemia and normal stem-cell development.

[MeSH-major] Epigenesis, Genetic / physiology. Gene Expression Regulation. Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / physiology. Histones / metabolism. Leukemia / genetics. Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / physiology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Animals. Cell Division / physiology. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics. Child. Chromatin / ultrastructure. Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental. Hematopoietic Stem Cells / cytology. Hematopoietic Stem Cells / metabolism. Humans. Infant. Methylation. Mice. Neoplastic Stem Cells / cytology. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / chemistry. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / genetics. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / physiology. Prognosis. Protein Methyltransferases. Protein Processing, Post-Translational

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(PMID = 17957188.001).

[ISSN] 1474-1768

[Journal-full-title] Nature reviews. Cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Nat. Rev. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Chromatin; 0 / Histones; 0 / MLL protein, human; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; EC 2.1.1.- / Protein Methyltransferases; EC 2.1.1.- / histone methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.43 / Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.43 / Mll protein, mouse

[Number-of-references] 121

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that functions in glucose homeostasis, growth-factor- dependent cell survival, proliferation and memory.

Data from our laboratory shows that a majority of patients with acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia overexpress CREB in the bone marrow.

CREB overexpression is associated with poor initial outcome of clinical disease in AML patients.

To study its role in hematopoiesis, we overexpressed CREB in leukemia cell lines and in mice.

CREB overexpression resulted in increased survival and proliferation of myeloid cells and blast-transformation of bone marrow progenitor cells from transgenic mice expressing CREB in the myeloid lineage.

CREB transgenic mice also develop myeloproliferative disease after one year.

Thus, CREB acts as a proto-oncogene to regulate hematopoiesis and contributes to the leukemia phenotype.

Our results suggest that CREB-dependent pathways may serve as targets for directed therapies in leukemia in the future.

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism. Cell Line, Tumor. Cell Proliferation. Cell Survival. Cell Transformation, Neoplastic. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Glucose / metabolism. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / metabolism. Humans. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / metabolism. Mice. Mice, Transgenic. Neoplasms / metabolism. Phenotype. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / metabolism. Proto-Oncogene Proteins / chemistry. Signal Transduction. Up-Regulation

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(PMID = 16096372.001).

[ISSN] 1551-4005

[Journal-full-title] Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

[ISO-abbreviation] Cell Cycle

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins; 83869-56-1 / Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; IY9XDZ35W2 / Glucose

[Number-of-references] 18

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Transliterated title] Porphyrie cutanée tardive chez un enfant greffé de moelle.

His past medical history revealed acute biphenotypic leukaemia with complete remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (unrelated donor).

Complications of bone marrow transplant comprised anaemia (treated by blood transfusions), primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, pulmonary aspergillosis and acute digestive graft-versus-host disease.

The diagnosis of type I sporadic PCT was based on high levels of porphyria and normal erythrocytic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity.

The causative role of bone marrow transplantation in the development of PCT could be related to several triggering factors: primary CMV infection, hepatotoxic drugs, blood transfusion and possible chronic hepatic graft-versus-host disease.

[MeSH-major] Bone Marrow Transplantation / adverse effects. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda / diagnosis. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda / therapy

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[Copyright] Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

(PMID = 20932445.001).

[ISSN] 0151-9638

[Journal-full-title] Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Dermatol Venereol

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Constitutional pericentric inversion 9 in Korean patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Although the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9, inv(9)(p11q13), is generally considered a normal variation, it is also associated with solid tumors and several hematologic malignancies such as biphenotypic acute leukemia, ALL, AML, and myeloproliferative neoplasms.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency and clinical features of CML patients with concomitant inv(9) and t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) variation at our institution.

METHODS: We reviewed the bone marrow chromosome database entries between October 2006 and December 2008 to identify patients with concomitant inv(9) and t(9;22) variations.

RESULTS: Among the 51 CML patients, 4 (7.8%) had concomitant inv(9) and t(9;22) variations.

[MeSH-major] Asian Continental Ancestry Group / genetics. Chromosome Inversion. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics

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(PMID = 20603579.001).

[ISSN] 1598-6535

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Lab Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The chromosomal translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) is the most frequent genetic aberration of the human MLL gene, resulting in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Recipients of AF4.MLL- or double-transduced LSPCs developed pro-B ALL, B/T biphenotypic acute leukemia, or mixed lineage leukemia.

Transplantation of MLL.AF4- or mock-transduced LSPCs did not result in disease development during an observation period of 13 months.

These findings indicate that the expression of the AF4.MLL fusion protein is capable of inducing acute lymphoblastic leukemia even in the absence of the MLL.AF4 fusion protein.

In view of recent findings, these results may imply that t(4;11) leukemia is based on 2 oncoproteins, providing an explanation for the very early onset of disease in humans.

[MeSH-major] Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism. DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism. Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic. Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / metabolism. Nuclear Proteins / metabolism. Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / metabolism. Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / metabolism

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(PMID = 20194896.001).

[ISSN] 1528-0020

[Journal-full-title] Blood

[ISO-abbreviation] Blood

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Aff1 protein, mouse; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Nuclear Proteins; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; EC 2.1.1.43 / Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.43 / Mll protein, mouse

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Non-specific interstitial pneumonia as the initial presentation of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a case report.

We present a 46-year-old woman with recent-onset rheumatologic illness who developed pulmonary symptoms as the presenting feature of biphenotypic acute leukaemia.

Corticosteroid therapy resulted in resolution of both her pulmonary and rheumatologic symptoms, and her pulmonary symptoms did not recur following treatment of her leukemia.

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(PMID = 19918465.001).

[ISSN] 1757-1626

[Journal-full-title] Cases journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Cases J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2769415

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Proteolysis of alpha- and beta2-adaptins, as well as the accessory clathrin adaptors epsin 1, adaptor protein 180, and the clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein, was detected in brain tissues after experimentally induced ischemia and in cases of human Alzheimer disease.

[MeSH-major] Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits / metabolism. Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits / metabolism. Alzheimer Disease / metabolism. Brain / metabolism. Calpain / metabolism. Clathrin / metabolism. Endocytosis. Neurons / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport. Animals. Brain Ischemia / genetics. Brain Ischemia / metabolism. Brain Ischemia / pathology. Calcium / metabolism. Cell Line. Cell Membrane / genetics. Cell Membrane / metabolism. Cell Membrane / pathology. Female. Glutamic Acid / metabolism. Humans. Hydrolysis. Male. Membrane Lipids / genetics. Membrane Lipids / metabolism. Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins / genetics. Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins / metabolism. Rats. Rats, Sprague-Dawley. Rats, Wistar

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(PMID = 19240038.001).

[ISSN] 0021-9258

[Journal-full-title] The Journal of biological chemistry

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Biol. Chem.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits; 0 / Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits; 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; 0 / Clathrin; 0 / Membrane Lipids; 0 / Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins; 0 / PICALM protein, human; 0 / Picalm protein, rat; 0 / epsin; 3KX376GY7L / Glutamic Acid; EC 3.4.22.- / Calpain; SY7Q814VUP / Calcium

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2673311

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Clinical study on prognosis of acute leukemia subtypes Ly + AML and My + ALL].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), lymphoid antigen-positive acute myeloid leukemia (Ly + AML), myeloid antigen-positive acute leukemia (My + ALL) and biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL).

Immunophenotyping was performed on medullary specimens of 197 acute leukemia (AL) patients by using three-color flow cytometry analysis and CD45/SSC gating.

The results showed that in Ly + AML, CD7 was the most common (53.8%) as compared to other lymphoid markers, however, in My + ALL CD13 was the most common (47.2%) as compared to other myeloid markers.

It is concluded that since Ly + AML has lymphoid markers, and the prognosis of Ly + AML is worse than AML, the clinical therapy for Ly + AML should contain both AML and ALL.

Though My + ALL had myeloid markers, no significant difference was found between My + ALL and ALL, it might be supposed that their therapy could be the same.

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(PMID = 17493361.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34; 0 / Antigens, CD7; EC 3.4.11.2 / Antigens, CD13

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Chromosomal translocation is a common cause of leukaemia and the most common chromosome translocations found in leukaemia patients involve the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene.

AF10 is one of more than 30 MLL fusion partners in leukaemia.

In addition to MLL, AF10 has also been reported to fuse to CALM (clathrin-assembly protein-like lymphoid-myeloid) in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

Thus, our study establishes CALM-AF10 fusion as a cause of leukaemia and reveals that mistargeting of hDOT1L and upregulation of Hoxa5 through H3K79 methylation is the underlying mechanism behind leukaemia caused by CALM-AF10 fusion.

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[ErratumIn] Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Oct;8(10):1178

(PMID = 16921363.001).

[ISSN] 1465-7392

[Journal-full-title] Nature cell biology

[ISO-abbreviation] Nat. Cell Biol.

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / AI48407; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R56 AI048407; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / R21 HL072240; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI080432; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / R01 GM068804; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI077454; United States / NIGMS NIH HHS / GM / GM68804; United States / NHLBI NIH HHS / HL / HL72240; United States / NIAID NIH HHS / AI / R01 AI048407

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / HOXA5 protein, human; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Hoxa5 protein, mouse; 0 / MLLT10 protein, human; 0 / Mllt10 protein, mouse; 0 / Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 0 / PICALM protein, human; 0 / Phosphoproteins; 0 / Transcription Factors; EC 2.1.1.- / DOT1L protein, human; EC 2.1.1.- / Methyltransferases

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS684864; NLM/ PMC4425349

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: still not out of fashion.

The role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unclear.

We retrospectively analyzed the results of the autoHSCT and maintenance therapy, with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, in comparison to conventional-dose chemotherapy in the consolidation treatment of adult ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).

Sixty consecutive adult patients (median age 35.2 years; range 17.3 to 70.7) with ALL (n = 52), LBL (n = 7), and acute biphenotypic leukemia (n = 1) were treated in our center from 1997 to 2007.

[MeSH-major] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy. Transplantation, Autologous

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(PMID = 19172272.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0584

[Journal-full-title] Annals of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Immunophenotypic profile of acute leukemia: critical analysis and insights gained at a tertiary care center in India.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the spectrum of various types and subtypes of acute leukemia.

METHODS: Two thousand five hundred and eleven consecutive new referral cases of acute leukemia (AL) were evaluated based on WHO classification.

RESULTS: It included 1,471 cases (58%) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 964 cases (38%) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 45 cases (1.8%) of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CMLBC), 37 cases (1.5%) of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), 1 case of Triphenotypic AL, and 2 cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL).

Common subtypes of ALL were B-cell ALL (76%), which comprised of intermediate stage/CALLA positive (73%), early precursor/proBALL (3%).

T-cell ALL constituted 24% (351 cases) of ALL.

CMLBC was commonly of myeloid blast crisis subtype (40 cases).

CONCLUSION: B-cell ALL was the commonest subtype in children and AML in adults.

CD13 was most sensitive and CD117 most specific for determining myeloid lineage.

A minimal primary panel of nine antibodies consisting of three myeloid markers (CD13, CD33, and CD117), B-cell lymphoid marker (CD19), T-cell marker (CD7), with CD45, CD10, CD34, and HLADR could assign lineage to 92% of AL.

Cytogenetics findings lead to a change in the diagnostic subtype of myeloid malignancy in 38 (1.5%) cases.

[MeSH-major] Immunophenotyping. Leukemia / immunology. Leukemia / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Child. Child, Preschool. Cytogenetic Analysis. Female. Histocytochemistry. Humans. In Situ Hybridization. India. Infant. Infant, Newborn. Male. Middle Aged. Retrospective Studies. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Young Adult

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[Copyright] (c) 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society.

(PMID = 18803279.001).

[ISSN] 1552-4957

[Journal-full-title] Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry

[ISO-abbreviation] Cytometry B Clin Cytom

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Blockade of MEK/ERK signaling enhances sunitinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of leukemia cells possessing activating mutations of the FLT3 gene.

The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase.

Activating mutations of this gene occur in nearly 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients.

In this study, we found that AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), a novel inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinases, effectively inhibited the proliferation of acute biphenotypic leukemia MV4-11 and acute monocytic leukemia MOLM13 cells.

Taken together, concomitant blockade of FLT3 and MEK signaling represents a promising treatment strategy for individuals with leukemia who possess activating mutations of FLT3.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / drug effects. Indoles / therapeutic use. Leukemia / pathology. MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mutation / genetics. Pyrroles / therapeutic use. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols. Benzimidazoles / therapeutic use. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Female. Humans. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / pathology. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / antagonists & inhibitors. Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / metabolism. Signal Transduction / drug effects. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 17983653.001).

[ISSN] 0145-2126

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / AZD 6244; 0 / Benzimidazoles; 0 / Indoles; 0 / Pyrroles; 0 / sunitinib; EC 2.7.1.- / MAP2K1 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / FLT3 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; EC 2.7.11.24 / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; EC 2.7.11.24 / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; EC 2.7.12.2 / MAP Kinase Kinase 1

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements, cyclin A1 and HOXA9 gene expression in biphenotypic acute leukemias.

In this study we investigated IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements, cyclin A1 and HOXA9 gene expression as well as the in vitro growth of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) blasts in relation to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

This rare form of AL was identified in a total of 10 patients, comprising 4.3% of adult and 3.0% of pediatric patients with de novo AL referred to our institution during the 1999-2003 period.

Our results indicate that IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements correlated well with lymphoid BAL morphology, whereas the expression of cyclin A1 correlated with myeloid and undifferentiated BAL morphology.

Surprisingly, HOXA9 expression, a marker associated with myeloid cell lineage, showed no strong correlation with BAL morphology.

Finally, in vitro growth of blasts during a 7-day culture showed autonomous cell growth in 3/10 AML and 3/8 myeloid BAL samples tested, but not in any of the AL with lymphoid features.

Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to extend research to a broader spectrum of cell markers.

[MeSH-major] Gene Rearrangement. Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte. Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma. Homeodomain Proteins / genetics. Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Cell Proliferation. Child. Child, Preschool. Cyclin A / genetics. Cyclin A1. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 16102826.001).

[ISSN] 0145-2126

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CCNA1 protein, human; 0 / Cyclin A; 0 / Cyclin A1; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; 0 / homeobox protein HOXA9

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biphenotypic acute leukaemia: case reports of two paediatric patients].

INTRODUCTION: Biphenotypic acute leukaemia is an uncommon type of leukaemia whose blasts co-express myeloid and B-or T-lymphoid antigens.

CASE REPORT: We describe two cases of paediatric patients with biphenotypic acute leukaemia.

A four-year-old female patient was found to have myeloid and B-lymphoid associated antigens in the same blast cells.

She was treated with combined acute myeloid leukaemia/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation.

The patient died due to the complications of stem cell transplantation procedure.

Another patient was a 20-month-old girl with myeloid and T-lymphoid associated antigens in the blast cells and with normal karyotype.

She received acute myeloid leukaemia induction therapy.

DISCUSSION: Immunophenotype is essential to establish the diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukaemia according to the scoring system adopted by the European Group of Immunological Classification of Leukaemia.

There is no agreement about uniformity in treatment for the patients with this type of leukaemia.

Biphenotypic acute leukaemia is a high risk leukaemia which requires a more intensive treatment.

CONCLUSION: Therapy for every patient with biphenotypic acute leukaemia should depend on their immunophenotype and gene rearrangement profiles.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

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(PMID = 21553470.001).

[ISSN] 0025-8105

[Journal-full-title] Medicinski pregled

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. Pregl.

[Language] srp

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Serbia

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Graft-versus-leukemia effect on infant lymphoblastic leukemia relapsed after sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is considered a high-risk entity.

By morphology, infant ALL is classified as a lymphoid lineage leukemia; however, its physiologic behavior has brought many to consider it a pathologic hybrid between lymphoid leukemia and myeloid leukemias.

As such, standard of care currently employs the use of chemotherapeutic agents used commonly in ALL protocols and agents typically reserved for the treatment of myelogenous lineage leukemias.

The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and graft-versus-leukemia effect in these patients has not been well studied.

CASE PRESENTATION: An earlier healthy 9-week-old Hispanic male diagnosed with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia was treated with protocol P9407 and matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The sole antigraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) agent, cyclosporine, was discontinued.

He remains disease free more than 2 years posttransplant.

CONCLUSION: Traditionally, graft-versus-leukemia effect was thought to contribute therapeutically little to the treatment of ALL by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

The effects of graft-versus-leukemia immunologic phenomenon in our patient with infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia underscore the potential that infant ALL may not be entirely the same biologic entity as standard pediatric ALL and may be more responsive than understood earlier.

Therapeutic response and appearance of GVHD after the withdrawal of immunosuppression in this patient provides evidence that graft-versus-leukemia effect may play a role in disease control in infant ALL after HSCT.

This suggests that other immunotherapeutic interventions in the context of relapse may offer potential clinical benefit in this disease.

[MeSH-major] Graft vs Leukemia Effect. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy

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(PMID = 20168246.001).

[ISSN] 1536-3678

[Journal-full-title] Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biologic features of 688 cases of childhood acute leukemia-a single centre retrospective study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biologic features of childhood acute leukemia in the northern region of China through a small cohort study in a single center.

METHODS: The medical records of 688 children with acute leukemia (age< or =15 years) who were initially diagnosed at Blood Disease Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2003 to June 2006 were retrospectively studied.

RESULTS: Four hundred children were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with a peak incidence at ages of 1-4 years.

Two hundred and eighteen children were classified into B-cell ALL, and 34 into T-cell ALL.

E2A-PBX1 fusion gene was expressed in 3.9% of children with B-cell ALL.

Two hundred and twenty-two children were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a peak incidence at ages of 10-15 years.

Acute hybrid leukemia (AHL) was confirmed in 24 children (4.2%), with a median age of 9 years.

Seventy-four percent of the children with (AHL) had mainly CD13 and CD33 expression in myeloid antigen integral.

CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the biologic features of childhood acute leukemia between the northern region of China and other regions and races, which suggests that there might be differences in the pathogenesis of childhood acute leukemia in different environmental exposures.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics

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(PMID = 19849934.001).

[ISSN] 1008-8830

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, biphenotype, without CD34, TdT or TCR-rearrangement.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a rare entity that comprises 0.5-3% of all acute leukemias and probably arises from multipotent progenitor cells.

We report the case of a 41-year-old man with BAL having myeloid and T-lymphoid lineage phenotypes.

This pattern is rarely encountered and suggests that the blast cells were possibly considered immature with aspects of differentiation indicating myeloid lineage, rather than T-lymphoid lineage.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD34 / genetics. Cell Lineage / genetics. DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase / genetics. Gene Rearrangement / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / genetics. Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / genetics

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(PMID = 19687594.001).

[ISSN] 1349-7235

[Journal-full-title] Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

[ISO-abbreviation] Intern. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; EC 2.7.7.31 / DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Identification and molecular characterization of recurrent genomic deletions on 7p12 in the IKZF1 gene in a large cohort of BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: on behalf of Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Acute Leukemia Working Party (GIMEMA AL WP).

The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene defines the subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with the worst clinical prognosis.

The IKZF1 deletion also was identified in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia to lymphoid blast crisis (66%) but never in myeloid blast crisis or chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia or in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Base Sequence / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / genetics. Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / genetics. Ikaros Transcription Factor / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Sequence Deletion

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Blast Crisis / genetics. Blast Crisis / metabolism. Cell Line, Tumor. Codon, Initiator / genetics. Codon, Initiator / metabolism. Cohort Studies. Exons / genetics. Female. Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / genetics. Humans. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / genetics. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / metabolism. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / metabolism. Male. Microarray Analysis. Middle Aged. Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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[ErratumIn] Blood. 2010 Sep 23;116(12):2196

(PMID = 19589926.001).

[ISSN] 1528-0020

[Journal-full-title] Blood

[ISO-abbreviation] Blood

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Codon, Initiator; 0 / IKZF1 protein, human; 148971-36-2 / Ikaros Transcription Factor; EC 2.7.10.2 / Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinico-hematological profile in biphenotypic acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: We present a clinico-hematological profile and treatment outcome of Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia (BAL).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diagnosis was based on WHO classification, including clinical details, morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, and molecular genetics.

We included those cases, which fulfilled the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Acute Leukemia's (EGIL's) scoring system criteria for the diagnosis of BAL, as per recommendation of the WHO classification.

B-Myeloid (14 cases) followed by T-Myeloid BAL (13 cases) were the commonest subtypes.

Polymorphous population of blasts (16 cases) was commonly associated with T-Myeloid BAL (10 cases).

BCR ABL fusion positivity was a common cytogenetic abnormality (seven cases).

CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric BAL and T-B lymphoid BAL have a better prognosis.

BCR-ABL expression is an important prognostic factor, as these cases will be labeled as Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis with biphenotypic expression and treated accordingly.

[MeSH-major] Immunophenotyping. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / blood. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Case-Control Studies. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Hematologic Tests. Humans. Incidence. Male. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Retrospective Studies. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19346652.001).

[ISSN] 0019-509X

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

NF1 inactivation occurs in specific human cancers, including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, an aggressive myeloproliferative disorder of childhood.

However, evidence suggests that Nf1 loss alone does not cause leukemia.

We therefore hypothesized that inactivation of the Nf1 tumor suppressor gene requires cooperating mutations to cause acute leukemia.

One of these genes, Bcl11a, confers a growth advantage in cultured Nf1 mutant hematopoietic cells and causes early onset of leukemia of either myeloid or lymphoid lineage in mice when expressed in Nf1-deficient bone marrow.

Importantly, Bcl11a is expressed in human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia samples.

These findings suggest that deregulated Bcl11a cooperates with Nf1 in leukemogenesis, and a therapeutic strategy targeting the BCL11A pathway may prove beneficial in the treatment of leukemia.

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(PMID = 18948576.001).

[ISSN] 1528-0020

[Journal-full-title] Blood

[ISO-abbreviation] Blood

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / U01 CA084221; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / CA84221

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BCL11A protein, human; 0 / Bcl11a protein, mouse; 0 / CDKN1A protein, human; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Cdkn1a protein, mouse; 0 / Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; 0 / Neurofibromin 1; 0 / Nuclear Proteins

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2635073