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[Title] Successful voriconazole treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute biphenotypic leukemia.

A 23-year old woman with acute biphenotypic leukemia (ABL) complained of chest pain with cough, high fever and hemoptysis during induction chemotherapy, although she had been treated with anti-biotics and micafungin.

We made a clinical diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) based on a consolidation in the right upper lung field on a chest radiograph as well as a high level of serum beta-D-glucan (with no evidence of tuberculosis and candidiasis).

Later, we discovered an air-crescent sign by CT scan that supported the diagnosis of IPA.

Serological tests and CT findings can aid in early diagnosis of IPA, which, along with treatment for IPA, will improve clinical outcomes.

[MeSH-major] Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / drug therapy. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / complications. Pyrimidines / therapeutic use. Triazoles / therapeutic use

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(PMID = 19727206.001).

[ISSN] 0386-300X

[Journal-full-title] Acta medica Okayama

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Med. Okayama

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antifungal Agents; 0 / Pyrimidines; 0 / Triazoles; JFU09I87TR / Voriconazole

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute biphenotypic leukemia arising in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.

Acute leukemia is an uncommon complication of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET).

We describe a patient with ET, who transformed to acute biphenotypic leukemia 4 and 1/2 years after initial ET diagnosis.

Acute biphenotypic leukemia was confirmed on bone marrow studies and immunophenotyping.

Complete remission (CR) was achieved with induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.

To our knowledge, this is a rare event of acute biphenotypic leukemic transformation of a patient with ET.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Aberrations. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 / genetics. Leukemia / complications. Leukemia / genetics. Thrombocythemia, Essential / complications

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects. Cytogenetic Analysis. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Hydroxyurea / adverse effects. Hydroxyurea / therapeutic use. Middle Aged. Quinazolines / adverse effects. Quinazolines / therapeutic use. Remission Induction. Treatment Outcome

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(PMID = 16823822.001).

[ISSN] 0361-8609

[Journal-full-title] American journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Quinazolines; 0 / anagrelide; X6Q56QN5QC / Hydroxyurea

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Invasive Aspergillus flavus sinusitis: case report in a patient with biphenotypic acute leukemia.

Here we report a case of invasive pansinusitis with proptosis of the right eye caused by Aspergillus flavus in an immunocompromised patient with acute biphenotypic leukemia without aggressive therapy response.

[MeSH-major] Aspergillosis / diagnosis. Aspergillus flavus / isolation & purification. Immunocompromised Host. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / immunology. Sinusitis / microbiology

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(PMID = 19229393.001).

[ISSN] 1678-9946

[Journal-full-title] Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

[ISO-abbreviation] Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Brazil

   

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Early stem cell transplantation for refractory acute leukemia after salvage therapy with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide.

Primary refractory acute leukemia (AL) has a poor prognosis, although some patients can be salvaged with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Forty-two patients had acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 13 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 4 patients had acute biphenotypic leukemia.

CR1 rates were similar in AML (54%) and ALL/acute biphenotypic leukemia (67%; P = .52), and analysis of baseline characteristics did not reveal any predictors of response to VP/Cy.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / administration & dosage. Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / administration & dosage. Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage. Etoposide / administration & dosage. Leukemia / mortality. Salvage Therapy / mortality. Stem Cell Transplantation

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Follow-Up Studies. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Remission Induction. Retrospective Studies. Survival Rate

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(PMID = 16545732.001).

[ISSN] 1083-8791

[Journal-full-title] Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

[ISO-abbreviation] Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 6PLQ3CP4P3 / Etoposide; 8N3DW7272P / Cyclophosphamide

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Cryptic insertion into 11q23 of MLLT10 not involved in t(1;15;11;10)(p36;q11;q23;q24) in infant acute biphenotypic leukemia.

This report describes a case of infant acute biphenotypic leukemia with t(1;15;11;10)(p36;q11;q23;q24).

In real-time quantitative PCR with primers that recognized the DNA sequence of the two sites of fusion point, the minimal residual disease (MRD) levels changed in parallel with other clinical markers.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Transcription Factors / genetics. Translocation, Genetic / genetics

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(PMID = 19380030.001).

[ISSN] 1873-4456

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / MLLT10 protein, human; 0 / Transcription Factors

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Aberrant lymphoid antigen expression in acute myeloid leukemia in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Immunophenotyping improves both accuracy and reproducibility of acute leukemia classification and is considered particularly useful for identifying aberrant lineage association of acute leukemia, biphenotypic and bilineal acute leukemia, as well as monitoring minimal residual disease.

THE AIM OF OUR STUDY: Is to determine aberrant lymphoid antigen expression in Saudi acute myeloid leukemia (AML), correlate them with FAB subtypes, evaluate early surface markers CD7 and CD56, and to investigate the role of cytoplasmic CD79a (a B cell marker that is assigned a high score of 2.0 in the WHO classification).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty four newly diagnosed AML cases were included in this study, 47% showed aberrant lymphoid antigen expression.

CD9 was the most frequently expressed lymphoid antigen (29.4%) followed by CD7 & CD19 (11.8%), CD4 (8.8%) and CD22 (2.9%).

CD79a was expressed in one case together with CD19, diagnosed as acute biphenotypic leukemia, and was associated with t(8;21) (q22;q22).

CONCLUSION: Minimal residual disease in AML is very difficult to trace, detection of aberrant expression of lymphoid antigens will make it easier.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD56 / analysis. Antigens, CD7 / analysis. Antigens, CD79 / analysis. Antigens, Neoplasm / analysis. Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis

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(PMID = 17671534.001).

[ISSN] 1110-0362

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

[ISO-abbreviation] J Egypt Natl Canc Inst

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Egypt

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD56; 0 / Antigens, CD7; 0 / Antigens, CD79; 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute mixed lineage leukemia in children: the experience of St Jude Children's Research Hospital.

To characterize the biology and optimal therapy of acute mixed-lineage leukemia in children, we reviewed the pathologic and clinical features, including response to therapy, of 35 patients with mixed-lineage leukemia.

The majority of cases (91%) had blasts cells that simultaneously expressed either T-lineage plus myeloid markers (T/myeloid, n = 20) or B-lineage plus myeloid markers (B/myeloid, n = 12).

Overall survival rates for the B/myeloid and T/myeloid subgroups were not significantly different from each other or from the rate for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but were inferior to the outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Analysis of gene-expression patterns identified a subset of biphenotypic leukemias that did not cluster with T-cell ALL, B-progenitor ALL, or AML.

We propose that treatment for biphenotypic leukemia begin with one course of AML-type induction therapy, with a provision for a switch to lymphoid-type induction therapy with a glucocorticoid, vincristine, and L-asparaginase if the patient responds poorly.

We also suggest that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is often not required for cure of these patients.

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(PMID = 19131545.001).

[ISSN] 1528-0020

[Journal-full-title] Blood

[ISO-abbreviation] Blood

[Language] ENG

[Grant] United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA021765; United States / NCI NIH HHS / CA / P30 CA-21765

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2686179

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Potential use of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii lectin for diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common form of cancer in children.

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins from plants or animals that recognize oligossacharides on the cell surface and have been used to characterize the structural changes of oligosaccharides in leukemias.

In this study, we used the lectin from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium (M. rosenbergii), specific for acetyl groups in sialylated glycans, because increased sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been identified in lymphoblastic leukemias.

We compared the specificity of the M. rosenbergii lectin for lymphoblastic leukemias with the specificities of the lectins from Triticum vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, Arachis hipogaea, and Phytolacca americana.

By morphologic and phenotype characterization with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, we identified four types of leukemias from 106 leukemia patients: 11 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 61 cases of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 24 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia, and 10 cases of acute biphenotypic leukemia.

As determined by cytofluorometric assays, nine of the eleven cases with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (8 +/- 3 years old) were specifically identified with the lectin from M. rosenbergii.

In contrast, only six cases of B-cell leukemia, one case of myeloblastic leukemia, and 2 cases of biphenotypic leukemia were identified with this M. rosenbergii lectin.

The other lectins tested showed no capacity to differentiate, in a significant manner, any of the four types of leukemias tested.

Thus, the lectin from M. rosenbergii could be considered a useful tool for the diagnosis and study of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Lectins. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Palaemonidae / chemistry

[MeSH-minor] Animals. Antibodies, Monoclonal. Antigens, CD45 / analysis. Antigens, Neoplasm / immunology. Child. Diagnosis, Differential. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Lymphocytes / drug effects. Lymphocytes / metabolism. Phenotype

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(PMID = 18212483.001).

[ISSN] 0040-8727

[Journal-full-title] The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Lectins; EC 3.1.3.48 / Antigens, CD45

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Nelarabine activity in acute biphenotypic leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Arabinonucleosides / therapeutic use. Leukemia / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adult. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage. Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage. Dexamethasone / administration & dosage. Doxorubicin / administration & dosage. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Vincristine / administration & dosage

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(PMID = 17512588.001).

[ISSN] 0145-2126

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Arabinonucleosides; 5J49Q6B70F / Vincristine; 60158CV180 / nelarabine; 7S5I7G3JQL / Dexamethasone; 80168379AG / Doxorubicin; 8N3DW7272P / Cyclophosphamide; CVAD protocol

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute biphenotypic leukemia and an acquired X chromosome.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, X. Leukemia / genetics. Sex Chromosome Aberrations

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Aged. Humans. Male

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(PMID = 15676158.001).

[ISSN] 0165-4608

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Arthritis preceding acute biphenotypic leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Arthritis / etiology. Leukemia / complications

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adult. Ankle / pathology. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Female. Humans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pain / drug therapy. Phenotype

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[Cites] Acta Haematol. 1999 Mar;101(1):1-6 [10085431.001]

[Cites] Wiad Lek. 1998;51 Suppl 4:296-9 [10731987.001]

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(PMID = 16220224.001).

[ISSN] 0770-3198

[Journal-full-title] Clinical rheumatology

[ISO-abbreviation] Clin. Rheumatol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Essential thrombocythemia transforming into acute biphenotypic leukemia in a patient on hydroxyurea monotherapy.

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(PMID = 19752004.001).

[ISSN] 1569-8041

[Journal-full-title] Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Oncol.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Letter

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; X6Q56QN5QC / Hydroxyurea

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Bridging necrosis and reticulin bridging fibrosis induced by intrahepatic involvement of acute biphenotypic leukemia.

A 47-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed as having acute biphenotypic leukemia with association of t(9;22)(q34;q11).

In conclusion, extensive intrahepatic involvement by neoplastic cells in adult acute biphenotypic leukemia may cause the unusual "disorganized" hepatic fibrosis.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology. Liver Cirrhosis / pathology. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology

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(PMID = 17207092.001).

[ISSN] 0903-4641

[Journal-full-title] APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

[ISO-abbreviation] APMIS

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; 0 / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; 0 / Reticulin; 0 / Transforming Growth Factor beta1; 0 / platelet-derived growth factor BB; 9007-34-5 / Collagen

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute biphenotypic leukemias.

Session 4 of the 2005 Society of Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop focused on case presentations of precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (pre-T ALL/LBL) and acute biphenotypic leukemia.

Acute biphenotypic leukemias are characterized by a single population of blasts that express myeloid, T- or B-lineage antigens in various combinations and account for fewer than 4% of all acute leukemias.

An accurate diagnosis of pre-T ALL/LBL and acute biphenotypic leukemia requires a multiparametric approach, including examination of morphologic features, immunophenotype, clinical characteristics, and cytogenetic and molecular findings.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis. Leukemia, Lymphoid / diagnosis. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Chromosome Aberrations. Diagnosis, Differential. Gene Expression Profiling. Humans. Immunohistochemistry

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(PMID = 17369128.001).

[ISSN] 0002-9173

[Journal-full-title] American journal of clinical pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Clin. Pathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Congresses

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Results of a phase I study of clofarabine (CLO) plus cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult patients (pts) with relapsed and/or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODS: Pts ≥ 21 years (yrs) with primary refractory or relapsed ALL, NYHA class < 3, and a cardiac ejection fraction ≥ 45% were eligible.

Twenty-one pts had pre-B ALL, 5 pts pre-T/T ALL, 1 pt mature B ALL, and 3 pts biphenotypic acute leukemias.

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(PMID = 27961382.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[ISO-abbreviation] J. Clin. Oncol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Leukemic infiltration of the lung following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Pulmonary leukemic infiltration (PLI) is more common than generally recognized, but accurate antemortem diagnosis with pathological proof is rarely achieved.

We describe herein the clinical courses of two patients with PLI following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

One case is a male patient with acute biphenotypic leukemia, and the other is a female patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Moreover, the former case presented PLI as the initial manifestation of relapsed leukemia and the latter was accompanied with the fungal pneumonia.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest at onset of PLI showed diffuse small nodular lesions along peribronchovascular bundle, and diagnosis of leukemic infiltration was made based on pathological findings obtained from transbronchial lung biopsy.

Thus, radiological and pathological corroborating assessment was important to reach the correct diagnosis.

[MeSH-major] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects. Leukemic Infiltration / diagnosis. Lung Neoplasms / etiology

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Female. Humans. Leukemia / pathology. Lung / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Myelodysplastic Syndromes / diagnosis. Myelodysplastic Syndromes / etiology. Opportunistic Infections. Transplantation, Homologous

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(PMID = 19093164.001).

[ISSN] 1865-3774

[Journal-full-title] International journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Blockade of MEK/ERK signaling enhances sunitinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of leukemia cells possessing activating mutations of the FLT3 gene.

The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase.

Activating mutations of this gene occur in nearly 30% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients.

In this study, we found that AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), a novel inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinases, effectively inhibited the proliferation of acute biphenotypic leukemia MV4-11 and acute monocytic leukemia MOLM13 cells.

Taken together, concomitant blockade of FLT3 and MEK signaling represents a promising treatment strategy for individuals with leukemia who possess activating mutations of FLT3.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / drug effects. Indoles / therapeutic use. Leukemia / pathology. MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors. Mutation / genetics. Pyrroles / therapeutic use. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols. Benzimidazoles / therapeutic use. Cell Proliferation / drug effects. Female. Humans. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute / pathology. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology. Male. Middle Aged. Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / antagonists & inhibitors. Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / metabolism. Signal Transduction / drug effects. Tumor Cells, Cultured

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(PMID = 17983653.001).

[ISSN] 0145-2126

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / AZD 6244; 0 / Benzimidazoles; 0 / Indoles; 0 / Pyrroles; 0 / sunitinib; EC 2.7.1.- / MAP2K1 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / FLT3 protein, human; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; EC 2.7.11.1 / Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; EC 2.7.11.24 / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; EC 2.7.11.24 / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; EC 2.7.12.2 / MAP Kinase Kinase 1

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: still not out of fashion.

The role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unclear.

We retrospectively analyzed the results of the autoHSCT and maintenance therapy, with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, in comparison to conventional-dose chemotherapy in the consolidation treatment of adult ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).

Sixty consecutive adult patients (median age 35.2 years; range 17.3 to 70.7) with ALL (n = 52), LBL (n = 7), and acute biphenotypic leukemia (n = 1) were treated in our center from 1997 to 2007.

[MeSH-major] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy. Transplantation, Autologous

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(PMID = 19172272.001).

[ISSN] 1432-0584

[Journal-full-title] Annals of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Germany

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Major molecular response to imatinib in a patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia expressing a novel BCR/ABL transcript].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the novel BCR/ABL transcript in a patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL), and to evaluate the imatinib treatment response by quantitatively monitoring the aberrant BCR/ABL.

Morphological analysis of the bone marrow showed the myeloid blast cells accounted for 66%, and immunophenotyping analysis showed 2 groups of aberrant blast cells: myeloid and B lineage.

Chemical therapy and bone marrow transplantation failed to control the disease, and a novel BCR/ABL transcript (GenBank: EF423615) was found by using several detection protocols.

[MeSH-major] Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Piperazines / therapeutic use. Pyrimidines / therapeutic use

Hazardous Substances Data Bank. IMATINIB MESYLATE .

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(PMID = 19552835.001).

[ISSN] 0376-2491

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua yi xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Benzamides; 0 / Piperazines; 0 / Pyrimidines; 8A1O1M485B / Imatinib Mesylate; EC 2.7.10.2 / Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Clinical characteristics and immunophenotypes of mixed-lineage acute leukemia].

The aim of study was to analyze the clinical, biological features, treatment outcome and prognosis of mixed-lineage acute leukemia (MAL).

48 MAL patients diagnosed according to European Group of International Leukemia (EGIL) scoring system were retrospectively analyzed and the analysis results were compared with that from 68 cases of AML and 61 cases of ALL.

The results showed that the incidence of MAL in acute leukemia was 9.6%.

The median of white blood cell count in MAL was significantly higher than that of non-mixed-lineage cases (AML and ALL) observed during the same period (P < 0.05).

Coexpression of myeloid and B lymphoid antigens in MAL patients was predominant, its rate was 70.9%.

The coexpression rate of T lymphoid and myeloid antigens was 20.8%, coexpression of B, T lymphoid and myeloid antigens was 8.3%.

In MAL Ph chromosome abnormality incidence was 25% and was significantly higher than that in AML group (0%) (P < 0.01), but was not statistical defference with that in ALL group (16.7%) (P > 0.05).

It is concluded that MAL is supposed to be originated from stem cells, coexpression of lymphoid/myeloid antigens is the major feature of MAL which accompanies many poor prognosis factors and lower CR rate.

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(PMID = 17605883.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute mixed lineage leukemia and a t(6;14)(q25;q32) in two adults.

Acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) is a rare form of leukemia in which both myeloid and lymphoid markers are present.

Few chromosome abnormalities have been identified associated with this form of leukemia.

A translocation involving the long arms of chromosomes 6 and 14 was previously described in four young individuals with acute leukemia and in three of these cases the diagnosis was mixed lineage.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 18656690.001).

[ISSN] 1873-4456

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Expression of IAP-family proteins in adult acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL).

To determine the apoptosis-resistant mechanism in adult acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) with biphenotypic blasts responsible for resistance against chemotherapy, the expression levels of IAP-family proteins in AMLL bone marrow cells were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.

These findings suggest that higher expression of various IAPs is associated with the chemotherapy-resistant nature of this specific type of leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis. Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism. Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / metabolism. Proteins / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Aged, 80 and over. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Female. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. In Situ Nick-End Labeling. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / metabolism. Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / pathology. Male. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / analysis. Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism. Middle Aged. Neoplasm Proteins. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / drug therapy. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / metabolism. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology. RNA, Messenger / metabolism. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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(PMID = 15726601.001).

[ISSN] 0361-8609

[Journal-full-title] American journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / BIRC5 protein, human; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; 0 / Microtubule-Associated Proteins; 0 / Neoplasm Proteins; 0 / Proteins; 0 / RNA, Messenger

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The ultrastructure of hybrid acute leukemia: a study of 15 cases.

The objective of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of hybrid acute leukemia (HAL).

By TEM, 5 out 15 cases of HAL were consistent with immunophenotyping (3 cases of biphenotypic type, and 2 cases of biclonal type with granulocytes and lymphocytes); 2 cases were suspected as HAL.

Most of the blast cells of biphenotypic HAL showed lymphoid features, except some cases containing MPO positive granules in blasts, while a few cases exhibited monocytic or nonspecific features.

TEM offers advantages in the diagnosis of biclonal type HAL and biphenotypic HAL positive for MPO.

However, it is difficult to differentiate MPO-negative cases of biphenotypic HAL from ALL and a few cases may be misinterpreted as M5 by TEM.

[MeSH-major] Granulocyte Precursor Cells / ultrastructure. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis. Lymphocytes / ultrastructure. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis

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(PMID = 16257860.001).

[ISSN] 0191-3123

[Journal-full-title] Ultrastructural pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Ultrastruct Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 1.11.1.7 / Peroxidase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Dic (17;20) (p11;q11) preceded MLL gene amplification in a patient with de novo mixed-lineage leukemia.

We report a case of acute mixed-lineage leukemia, as seen in a 65 year-old female with MLL gene amplification and biallelic loss of wild type p53 gene.

The diagnosis was based on the findings that her bone marrow (BM) blasts expressed cytoplasmic CD3 (cyCD3), B-lineage antigens and myeloid antigens accompanied by clonal rearrangements of IgH gene.

Add (11q23) abnormality was found in sideline karyotypes as well as the stemline abnormality of dic(17;20) (p11;q11).

[MeSH-major] Gene Amplification. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 20505276.001).

[ISSN] 1880-9952

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH

[ISO-abbreviation] J Clin Exp Hematop

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Fusion of the MOZ and TIF2 genes by an inv (8) (p11q13) translocation has been identified in patients with acute mixed-lineage leukemia.

Stable expression of MOZ-TIF2 inhibited retinoic acid (RA) inducible endogenous CD11b and C/EBPbeta gene response.

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Blotting, Western. Carrier Proteins / genetics. Carrier Proteins / metabolism. Corticosterone. Genes, Reporter. Humans. Leukemia, Myeloid / genetics. Receptors, Androgen / genetics. Receptors, Estrogen / genetics

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(PMID = 17697320.001).

[ISSN] 1476-4598

[Journal-full-title] Molecular cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Mol. Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / NCOA2 protein, human; 0 / Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; 0 / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; 0 / Receptors, Androgen; 0 / Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; 0 / Receptors, Estrogen; EC 2.3.1.48 / Histone Acetyltransferases; EC 2.3.1.48 / KAT6A protein, human; W980KJ009P / Corticosterone

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2048977

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Detection of FLT3 gene and FLT3/ITD mutation by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients of different immunological subtypes.

The positivity rate of FLT3 gene in pre-pre B-lineage ALL, pre-B-ALL, B-lineage ALL and T-lineage ALL cases were 93.3% (14/15), 77.8% (14/18), 41.7% (5/12) and 28.6% (4/14), respectively.

Two cases (3.2%) were found to have FLT3/ITD mutation, which were also positive for myeloid antigen expression and diagnosed as acute mixed-lineage leukemia, showing leukocytosis and high percentage of bone marrow blast cells with poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: FLT3 gene can be detected in both B-and T-lineage ALL patients, but more frequently in the former.

In B-lineage ALL patients, FLT3 gene is more frequent in cases with undifferentiated than those with differentiated blast cells.

FLT3/ITD is rarely detected in ALL patients and FLT3/ITD mutation detection might be helpful to identify the genotypes and evaluate the prognosis of acute leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Mutation. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics. Tandem Repeat Sequences / genetics. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / genetics

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(PMID = 16234090.001).

[ISSN] 1000-2588

[Journal-full-title] Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA

[ISO-abbreviation] Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] EC 2.7.10.1 / Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Report of a case of hybrid acute leukemia with t (12; 22) and literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To report a hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) patient with t (12;.

Leukemia surface markers were detected by anti-biotin-biotin complex and monoclonal antibodies.

RESULTS: The clinical and hematological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of HAL.

Lymphoid and myeloid markers were positive on the leukemia cells.

22) translocation is a rare chromosome abnormality in leukemia.

This translocation as a cytogenetic marker for poor-prognosis in leukemia needs to be further studied.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 16875585.001).

[ISSN] 0253-2727

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] China

[Number-of-references] 20

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), or acute leukemia with a single population of blasts coexpressing markers of two different lineages, is a rare clinical entity.

To define BAL, a scoring system was proposed by the European Group of Immunological Markers for Leukemias (EGIL) in 1995.

However, increasing evidence suggests that this system has limitations, as acknowledged by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.

We propose a new paradigmatic approach to defining BAL based on recent clinical studies of BAL and advances in immunologic marker definition and cytogenetics, and applied our new approach to 8 cases of "BAL" among a cohort of 742 new acute leukemias in our Cancer Center.

By our new criteria, 6 cases were reclassified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), while only 2 were still classified as BAL.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis

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(PMID = 19918331.001).

[ISSN] 1936-2625

[Journal-full-title] International journal of clinical and experimental pathology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int J Clin Exp Pathol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, Neoplasm; 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2776262

[Keywords] NOTNLM ; ALL / AML / Biphenotypic acute leukemia / EGIL / classification

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] B-Lymphoid and myeloid lineages biphenotypic acute leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22).

By analyzing the characteristics of morphology, immune phenotype, chromosome karyotype and clinical manifestations of six cases of B-lymphoid and myeloid lineages biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) with t(8;21)(q22;q22), a new subgroup of BAL was reported.

Immunophenotype revealed B-lymphoid and myeloid lineages positive, together with frequent and high expression of CD34 and CD33, and weak expression of HLA-DR.

Chemotherapy for myeloid and lymphoid leukemia simultaneously produced good response in the patients.

q22) might be a new subgroup of BAL, and it was suggested that the leukemia clone with t(8;21)(q22;q22) might have originated from an early phase of hematopoiesis, and AML1/ETO fusion gene might be related to differentiation of B lymphocyte.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology. Translocation, Genetic

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(PMID = 18288568.001).

[ISSN] 0925-5710

[Journal-full-title] International journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, CD79; 0 / Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; 0 / CD33 protein, human; 0 / CD79A protein, human; 0 / Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein depletion on clathrin coat formation.

The endocytic accessory clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM) is the ubiquitously expressed homolog of the neuron-specific protein AP180 that has been implicated in the retrieval of synaptic vesicle.

[MeSH-minor] Cell Membrane / metabolism. Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane / ultrastructure. Endosomes / metabolism. HeLa Cells. Humans. RNA Interference. Transcription Factor AP-2 / metabolism. trans-Golgi Network / metabolism

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Gene Ontology. gene/protein/disease-specific - Gene Ontology annotations from this paper .

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(PMID = 16262731.001).

[ISSN] 1398-9219

[Journal-full-title] Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)

[ISO-abbreviation] Traffic

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Denmark

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Clathrin; 0 / Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins; 0 / PICALM protein, human; 0 / Transcription Factor AP-2

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Induction of apoptosis in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia.

Defects in the core machinery of the apoptosis pathway contribute to chemoresistance and poor outcomes in patients with acute leukemia.

This review highlights compounds that target the mitochondrial, death receptor, and convergence pathways of caspase activation that are being developed for the treatment of acute leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Apoptosis / physiology. Leukemia, Lymphoid / therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid / therapy

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(PMID = 17040621.001).

[ISSN] 1523-3790

[Journal-full-title] Current oncology reports

[ISO-abbreviation] Curr Oncol Rep

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Death Domain; EC 3.4.22.- / Caspases

[Number-of-references] 68

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Skin lesions and myelodysplastic syndrome as initial manifestations of biphenotypic acute leukemia].

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathological and biological features of biphenotypic acute leukemia.

The results showed that extramedullary skin lesions and myelodysplasia occurred before the onset of overt disease.

At the time of diagnosis, this case had more than 30% blasts in bone marrow with meningeal involvement.

Flow cytometry revealed the co-expression of myeloid antigens (cMPO, CD33 and CD117) and T-lymphoid antigens (cCD3, CD5, CD7, dual expression of CD4 and CD8).

All above-mentioned results led to the diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia.

It is concluded that the biphenotypic acute leukemia is an uncommon type of leukemia which may be preceded by myelodysplastic syndrome and has aggressive clinical and biological behavior.

Immunophenotype, cytogenetics and molecular analysis can contribute to early diagnosis of BAL and evaluation of prognosis.

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(PMID = 17956670.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] CHI

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, CD43; 0 / CD99 protein, human; 0 / Cell Adhesion Molecules; 0 / MLL protein, human; 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; EC 2.1.1.43 / Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinico-hematological profile in biphenotypic acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: We present a clinico-hematological profile and treatment outcome of Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia (BAL).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diagnosis was based on WHO classification, including clinical details, morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, and molecular genetics.

We included those cases, which fulfilled the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Acute Leukemia's (EGIL's) scoring system criteria for the diagnosis of BAL, as per recommendation of the WHO classification.

B-Myeloid (14 cases) followed by T-Myeloid BAL (13 cases) were the commonest subtypes.

Polymorphous population of blasts (16 cases) was commonly associated with T-Myeloid BAL (10 cases).

BCR ABL fusion positivity was a common cytogenetic abnormality (seven cases).

CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric BAL and T-B lymphoid BAL have a better prognosis.

BCR-ABL expression is an important prognostic factor, as these cases will be labeled as Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis with biphenotypic expression and treated accordingly.

[MeSH-major] Immunophenotyping. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / blood. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Case-Control Studies. Child. Child, Preschool. Disease Progression. Female. Hematologic Tests. Humans. Incidence. Male. Middle Aged. Phenotype. Retrospective Studies. Young Adult

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(PMID = 19346652.001).

[ISSN] 0019-509X

[Journal-full-title] Indian journal of cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Indian J Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] India

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biphenotypic and bilineal acute leukemias].

Human acute leukemias (AL) are classified as myeloid or lymphoid according to cytomorphology and the expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens/CD-markers.

However, in the minority of cases leukemic cells express markers of more than one lineage, which has led to the introduction of a new subgroup of acute leukemias termed mixed or biphenotypic acute leukemias (BAL).

In an effort to distinguish between BAL and those AL with aberrant expression of markers of other lineage, the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Acute Leukemias (EGIL) has proposed a scoring system in which CD-markers are assigned a score of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0, depending on the specificity of a particular antigen for myeloid, B- and/or T-lymphoid lineage, respectively.

The new WHO classification of hematologic tumors has adopted the EGIL criteria for BAL and introduced a new group of AL termed 'AL of ambiguous lineage'.

In addition to BAL in which a single cell population expresses both myeloid and lymphoid differentiation markers, this new group of leukemias also comprises cases that present with two separate blast populations (acute bilineal leukemia, aBLL).

In general, BAL accounts for less than 5% of all AL cases, whereas aBLL is a rare disease constituting 1%-2% of AL cases that contains B- or T-lymphoid along with myeloid blasts.

Chromosome abnormalities are frequent in both entities with a relatively high incidence of Philadelphia chromosome and rearrangements involving 11q23, especially in cases with B- and myeloid involvement.

Unfortunately, optimal therapy is not known, although regimens designed for acute lymphoblastic leukemia may result in a better response rate.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute

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(PMID = 19209464.001).

[ISSN] 1330-0164

[Journal-full-title] Acta medica Croatica : c̆asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Med Croatica

[Language] hrv

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] Croatia

[Number-of-references] 30

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biphenotypic acute leukaemia with Burkitt-like cytology].

[Transliterated title] Leucémie aiguë biphénotypique avec aspect cytologique de type Burkitt.

Biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) represents about 5% of adult acute leukaemia.

Based on a previously described scoring system, the European Group for Immunologic Classification of Leukaemia (EGIL) proposed a set of diagnostic criteria for BAL.

This scoring system is based on the number and degree of the specificity of several markers for myeloid or T/B lymphoid blasts.

Here, we report the case of a BAL with Burkitt-like cytology, corresponding to "the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Burkitt type" L3 for the FAB classification.

By flow cytometry, the blasts showed a positivity for B lymphoid cytoplasmic (CD79a and mu) and membrane (CD19, CD22, CD24, IgM) markers AND a positivity for the myeloid (CD13, CD33, CD65, CD15) markers.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / genetics

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(PMID = 19654084.001).

[ISSN] 0003-3898

[Journal-full-title] Annales de biologie clinique

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris)

[Language] fre

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] France

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Comparison between CD19 and CD20 expression patterns on acute leukemic cells.

In order to provide the evidences for CD19 as a better antibody targeting molecule for B lineage acute leukemias than CD20 through the multi-parameter flow-cytometry analysis of leukemia cells, the samples from 321 patients with acute leukemia (AL) were immunophenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry and CD45/SSC gating strategy followed by the analysis of CD19 and CD20 expression.

The results showed that the positive rate of CD19 (115/116, 99.1%) in 116 cases with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B lineage ALL) was significantly higher than that of CD20 (33/116, 28.4%) (P < 0.01); in 17 patients with B lineage/Myeloid (B/My) acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL), the former positive rate (17/17, 100%) was also higher than the latter (5/17, 29.4%) (P < 0.01).

Both of the two antigens were negative in 29 patients with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia and 7 patients with T/My AMLL.

The positive rates of CD19 and CD20 in 152 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were 7.2% and 2.0%, respectively.

The difference of the fluorescence intensity between the two antigens on the cells from each patient with B lineage ALL or B/My AMLL was statistically significant (t = 20.68, P < 0.001).

The specificity of CD19 and CD20 in B lymphocytic lineage was 92.3% (132/143) and 92.7% (38/41), respectively, while the sensitivity was 99.2% (132/133) and 28.6% (38/133), respectively, the former sensitivity was significantly higher than the latter (chi(2) = 144.018, P = 0.001).

It is concluded that CD19 continuously and steadily express on almost all subtypes of B lineage leukemic cells with homogeneous pattern while only a small number of leukemias express CD20.

These indicate that CD19 may be a better antibody targeting molecule than CD20 for patients with B-lineage acute leukemia.

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(PMID = 16403255.001).

[ISSN] 1009-2137

[Journal-full-title] Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD19; 0 / Antigens, CD20

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prognostic implications of the immunophenotype in biphenotypic acute leukemia.

The present study retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological and clinical data from 43 adult patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) from 11 Korean institutes.

The incidence of BAL was 2.1% among acute leukemias.

In terms of immunophenotype, 31 patients had myeloid plus B-lymphoid (M + B), 10 had myeloid plus T-lymphoid (M + T), one had myeloid plus B-lymphoid plus T-lymphoid (M + B + T), and one had B-lymphoid plus T-lymphoid (B + T).

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. B-Lymphocytes. Biomarkers / analysis. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Korea. Male. Middle Aged. Myeloid Cells. Prognosis. Remission Induction. Retrospective Studies. Survival Analysis. T-Lymphocytes

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(PMID = 18398737.001).

[ISSN] 1029-2403

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia & lymphoma

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Lymphoma

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Multicenter Study

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prophylaxis of central nervous system leukemia: a case of chronic myeloid leukemia with lymphoid blast crisis treated with imatinib mesylate.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis has a dismal prognosis.

METHODS: A child with CML in lymphoid blast crisis was diagnosed by complete hematological and bone marrow examination.

There was no central nervous system (CNS) leukemia at presentation.

Results of cerebrospinal fluid taken for cytopathology showed CNS leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Blast Crisis / drug therapy. Central Nervous System Neoplasms / prevention & control. Piperazines / administration & dosage. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / drug therapy. Pyrimidines / administration & dosage

[MeSH-minor] Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage. Benzamides. Blood Cell Count. Chemoprevention / methods. Child. Clinical Protocols. Cytarabine / administration & dosage. Drug Therapy, Combination. Female. Humans. Hydrocortisone / administration & dosage. Imatinib Mesylate. Injections, Spinal. Methotrexate / therapeutic use. Remission Induction

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[Cites] Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;9(13):4674-81 [14581336.001]

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(PMID = 18661773.001).

[ISSN] 1708-8569

[Journal-full-title] World journal of pediatrics : WJP

[ISO-abbreviation] World J Pediatr

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Switzerland

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Anti-Inflammatory Agents; 0 / Benzamides; 0 / Piperazines; 0 / Pyrimidines; 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine; 8A1O1M485B / Imatinib Mesylate; WI4X0X7BPJ / Hydrocortisone; YL5FZ2Y5U1 / Methotrexate

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Outcomes of CAG regimen for refractory biphenotypic acute leukemia patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the efficiency of low-dose cytosine arabinoside plus aclarubicin with concurrent administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CAG) regimen for refractory biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL).

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(PMID = 19848320.001).

[ISSN] 1001-9294

[Journal-full-title] Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih

[ISO-abbreviation] Chin. Med. Sci. J.

[Language] ENG

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] China

[Chemical-registry-number] 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine; 143011-72-7 / Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; 74KXF8I502 / Aclarubicin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biphenotypic acute leukaemia: case reports of two paediatric patients].

INTRODUCTION: Biphenotypic acute leukaemia is an uncommon type of leukaemia whose blasts co-express myeloid and B-or T-lymphoid antigens.

CASE REPORT: We describe two cases of paediatric patients with biphenotypic acute leukaemia.

A four-year-old female patient was found to have myeloid and B-lymphoid associated antigens in the same blast cells.

She was treated with combined acute myeloid leukaemia/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation.

The patient died due to the complications of stem cell transplantation procedure.

Another patient was a 20-month-old girl with myeloid and T-lymphoid associated antigens in the blast cells and with normal karyotype.

She received acute myeloid leukaemia induction therapy.

DISCUSSION: Immunophenotype is essential to establish the diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukaemia according to the scoring system adopted by the European Group of Immunological Classification of Leukaemia.

There is no agreement about uniformity in treatment for the patients with this type of leukaemia.

Biphenotypic acute leukaemia is a high risk leukaemia which requires a more intensive treatment.

CONCLUSION: Therapy for every patient with biphenotypic acute leukaemia should depend on their immunophenotype and gene rearrangement profiles.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

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(PMID = 21553470.001).

[ISSN] 0025-8105

[Journal-full-title] Medicinski pregled

[ISO-abbreviation] Med. Pregl.

[Language] srp

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Serbia

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinical characteristics and outcome of children with biphenotypic acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge concerning the clinical and biological presentation, as well as the outcome of treatment, of biphenotypic acute leukemia in children is limited.

DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective review analyzes the clinical features and outcome of children with biphenotypic acute leukemia diagnosed and treated over an 8-year period.

According to the EGIL scoring system 24 (3.7%) of 633 patients with acute leukemia were classified as having biphenotypic acute leukemia.

The diagnostic work-up and results were reviewed specifically for this study in the light of the newly published WHO criteria for the diagnosis of leukemia of ambiguous lineage.

Based on these criteria, 11 (1.7%) patients were categorized according to the new nomenclature as having mixed phenotype acute leukemia.

The majority of the patients (58.3%) had a B-lymphoid/myeloid phenotype, followed by the T-lymphoid/myeloid phenotype.

The most frequent chromosomal abnormality involved the 14q32 locus.

Patients received therapy based on a treatment regimen for acute lymphocytic leukemia regimen, which included myeloid-effective agents.

The survival of those patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission was not different from that of the patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone (overall survival: 70.1% versus 81.1%, respectively, p=0.39; event-free survival: 70.1% versus 76.2%, respectively, p=0.75).

The outcome of the 11 patients who were retrospectively classified as having mixed phenotype acute leukemia according to the new WHO criteria was excellent, with no relapses or deaths occurring among these patients.

CONCLUSIONS: An acute lymphocytic leukemia type of induction therapy, using agents that are active against lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, appears to be more effective in achieving and maintaining complete remissions regardless of whether the patients are classified according to EGIL criteria or the new WHO criteria.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may not be necessary for all patients in first complete remission.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Antigens, CD / analysis. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use. Child. Child, Preschool. Female. Flow Cytometry. Follow-Up Studies. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Humans. Immunophenotyping. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Infant. Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Karyotyping. Male. Outcome Assessment (Health Care) / methods. Remission Induction. Retrospective Studies

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[Cites] Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Mar;117(3):380-9 [11888077.001]

[Cites] Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Sep;53(3):444-52 [19489056.001]

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(PMID = 19713227.001).

[ISSN] 1592-8721

[Journal-full-title] Haematologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Haematologica

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2791935

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Biphenotypic acute leukemia with t(15;17).

Biphenotypic acute leukemias (BAL) represent 5% of all acute leukemias.

Immunophenotype revealed the compromise of myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages.

This report describes a BAL case with an unfrequent cytogenetic abnormality, and highlights the importance of correlating the results of multiple diagnostic methods in order to establish a correct diagnosis and treatment in BAL patients.

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Inversion. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / genetics. Leukemia / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Child. Chromosome Aberrations. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / genetics. Female. Flow Cytometry / methods. Gene Rearrangement. Humans. Immunophenotyping. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods. Neoplasm, Residual / diagnosis. Neoplasm, Residual / genetics. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods. Trisomy

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(PMID = 16019491.001).

[ISSN] 1042-8194

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia & lymphoma

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Lymphoma

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Stem cell transplant in the treatment of childhood biphenotypic acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have found that biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is associated with a poor outcome.

RESULTS: BAL constituted 4.4% of all acute childhood leukemia cases.

In terms of immunophenotype, 14 patients had leukemia with myeloid plus B-lymphoid (M + B) marker, 7 with myeloid plus T-lymphoid (M + T) marker, and 4 with myeloid plus B-lymphoid and T-lymphoid (M + B + T) markers.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) did not improve either overall survival or event-free survival compared to chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.35-2.76, P = 0.966; hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.41-2.78, P = 0.88).

[MeSH-major] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

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(PMID = 19489056.001).

[ISSN] 1545-5017

[Journal-full-title] Pediatric blood & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Pediatr Blood Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Clinical and biological characteristics of adult biphenotypic acute leukemia in comparison with that of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series of a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Biphenotypic acute leukemia is a rare disorder that is difficult to diagnose.

It displays features of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage.

There is still a lack of studies in biphenotypic acute leukemia in a Chinese population.

We present here a comprehensive investigation of the clinical and biological characteristics, and outcome of biphenotypic acute leukemia in our hospital in over a seven year period.

DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 452 adult acute leukemia patients diagnosed according to French-American-British (FAB) classification and biphenotypic acute leukemia diagnosed according to European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL) classification, respectively.

Biological characteristics, response to treatment, and outcome were examined in biphenotypic acute leukemia patients and compared with that in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with complete follow-up profiles diagnosed in the same period.

RESULTS: Of 452 acute leukemia patients, 21 cases (4.6%) were diagnosed as biphenotypic acute leukemia.

Among them, 14 (66.7%) were B lymphoid and myeloid, 5 (23.8%) were T lymphoid and myeloid, one (4.8%) was T/B lymphoid and one (4.8%) was trilineage differentiation.

When compared with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia showed significantly higher incidence of CD34 antigen expression, unfavorable karyotypes, and extramedullary infiltration (p<0.05).

In this cohort of patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia, t(9;22) was the most common abnormality in chromosome structure.

The median disease-free survival and overall survival in biphenotypic acute leukemia patients was five months and ten months, respectively, significantly shorter than those in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia patients is poor when compared with de novo acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia patients showed a much higher incidence of CD34 antigen expression, complex abnormal karyotype, extramedullary infiltration, relapse, and resistance to therapy after relapse.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis

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[Cites] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):7521-6 [10861016.001]

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(PMID = 19454497.001).

[ISSN] 1592-8721

[Journal-full-title] Haematologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Haematologica

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Italy

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD34

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2704302

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Biological features and outcome of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a distinct entity that is immunophenotypically defined by the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemia (EGIL) scoring system and accounts for less than 5% of all acute leukemia cases.

Since it is a rare and heterogeneous form of acute leukemia with an allegedly poor outcome, there is no consensus on the best treatment approach in these patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the EGIL system, we identified 21 cases (3.9%) of BAL from 535 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients in an 11-year period.

RESULTS: There were ten cases of myeloid+B-lymphoid leukemia, eight cases of myeloid+T-lymphoid, one case of B+T-lymphoid and two cases of trilineage (myeloid+B+T-lymphoid leukemia).

Patients that received acute lymphoblastic leukemia-oriented chemotherapy had a higher CR rate compared with those who received acute myeloid leukemia-oriented chemotherapy (100% vs. 60%, P = .007).

The white blood cell count at diagnosis was found to have statistically significant impact on survival.

CONCLUSION: Despite the progress in the treatment of acute leukemia, the prognosis of BAL remains poor and treatment protocols devised explicitly for this entity should be investigated in prospective collaborative studies.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / pathology. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / therapy

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Disease-Free Survival. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Stem Cell Transplantation. Treatment Outcome. Young Adult

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(PMID = 20058478.001).

[ISSN] 1658-3876

[Journal-full-title] Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Study on the clinical characteristics of adult biphenotypic acute leukaemia].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of adult biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL).

The chemotherapy regimens were accordingly for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or for both ALL and AML.

(1) The incidence of BAL in acute leukaemias was 6.7%, with a male predominance and 52.3% of BAL patients had WBC > or = 30 x 10(9)/L and 16.9% WBC > or = 100 x 10(9)/L. (2) Percentages of coexpression of myeloid and B lymphoid antigens were 81.5%, of myeloid and T lymphoid antigens 10.8%, of myeloid, B- and T lymphoid antigens 4.6%, and of B and T lymphoid antigens 3.1%. (3) Normal and abnormal karyotypes accounted for 41.5% and 58.5%, respectively in 53 BAL patients with karyotype analysis.

(1) High white blood cell count and coexpression of myeloid/B lymphoid antigens are common in BAL. (2) Abnormal karyotypes and Ph (+) or bcr-abl( +) often happen. (3) The treatment outcome of BAL is poor.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute

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(PMID = 19563029.001).

[ISSN] 0253-2727

[Journal-full-title] Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi

[ISO-abbreviation] Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi

[Language] chi

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia with BCR-ABL mRNA Transcript b3a2 Type: A Case Report with Review of the Literature.].

Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a subtype of leukemia of ambiguous lineage in the World Health Organization classification system.

COS Scholar Universe. author profiles.

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(PMID = 18156734.001).

[ISSN] 1598-6535

[Journal-full-title] The Korean journal of laboratory medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Korean J Lab Med

[Language] kor

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Korea (South)

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Non-specific interstitial pneumonia as the initial presentation of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a case report.

We present a 46-year-old woman with recent-onset rheumatologic illness who developed pulmonary symptoms as the presenting feature of biphenotypic acute leukaemia.

Corticosteroid therapy resulted in resolution of both her pulmonary and rheumatologic symptoms, and her pulmonary symptoms did not recur following treatment of her leukemia.

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[Cites] Leuk Lymphoma. 2002 Nov;43(11):2083-92 [12533032.001]

[Cites] J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Mar;44(3):530-1 [11209130.001]

[Cites] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun 15;177(12):1338-47 [18388353.001]

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(PMID = 19918465.001).

[ISSN] 1757-1626

[Journal-full-title] Cases journal

[ISO-abbreviation] Cases J

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2769415

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Cytogenetics, molecular and ultrastructural characteristics of biphenotypic acute leukemia identified by the EGIL scoring system.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a rare, difficult to diagnose entity.

Its identification is important for risk stratification in acute leukemia (AL).

The scoring proposal of the European Group for the Classification of Acute Leukemia (EGIL) is useful for this purpose, but its performance against objective benchmarks is unclear.

Mixed, small and large blast cells predominated, with FAB M2 and L1 constituting the majority.

All patients were positive for myeloid (M) markers and either B cell (B) (17 or 74%) or T cell (T) (8 or 34%) markers with two exceptional patients demonstrating trilineage phenotype.

In six (26%) patients myeloid lineage commitment was also demonstrable by electron cytochemistry.

Abnormal findings were present in 19 (83%) patients by cytogenetics/FISH/molecular analysis as follows: t(9;22) (17%); MLL gene rearrangement (26%); deletion(6q) (13%); 12p11.2 (9%); numerical abnormalities (13%), and three (13%) new, previously unreported translocations t(X;6)(p22.3;q21); t(2;6)(q37;p21.3); and t(8;14)(p21;q32).

[MeSH-major] Chromosome Aberrations. Chromosomes, Human / genetics. Cytogenetic Analysis / methods. Leukemia / diagnosis. Leukemia / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Cell Lineage. Child. Child, Preschool. Cohort Studies. DNA Mutational Analysis. Female. Gene Rearrangement. Guidelines as Topic. Humans. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods. In Vitro Techniques. Infant. Male. Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / genetics. Phenotype. Risk Factors. Sensitivity and Specificity

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(PMID = 16437134.001).

[ISSN] 0887-6924

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia

[ISO-abbreviation] Leukemia

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 149025-06-9 / Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements, cyclin A1 and HOXA9 gene expression in biphenotypic acute leukemias.

In this study we investigated IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements, cyclin A1 and HOXA9 gene expression as well as the in vitro growth of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) blasts in relation to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

This rare form of AL was identified in a total of 10 patients, comprising 4.3% of adult and 3.0% of pediatric patients with de novo AL referred to our institution during the 1999-2003 period.

Our results indicate that IgH and TCRgamma gene rearrangements correlated well with lymphoid BAL morphology, whereas the expression of cyclin A1 correlated with myeloid and undifferentiated BAL morphology.

Surprisingly, HOXA9 expression, a marker associated with myeloid cell lineage, showed no strong correlation with BAL morphology.

Finally, in vitro growth of blasts during a 7-day culture showed autonomous cell growth in 3/10 AML and 3/8 myeloid BAL samples tested, but not in any of the AL with lymphoid features.

Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to extend research to a broader spectrum of cell markers.

[MeSH-major] Gene Rearrangement. Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte. Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma. Homeodomain Proteins / genetics. Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics

[MeSH-minor] Adolescent. Adult. Aged. Cell Proliferation. Child. Child, Preschool. Cyclin A / genetics. Cyclin A1. Female. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Male. Middle Aged

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(PMID = 16102826.001).

[ISSN] 0145-2126

[Journal-full-title] Leukemia research

[ISO-abbreviation] Leuk. Res.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / CCNA1 protein, human; 0 / Cyclin A; 0 / Cyclin A1; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; 0 / homeobox protein HOXA9

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Monosomies 7p and 12p and FLT3 internal tandem duplication: possible markers for diagnosis of T/myeloid biphenotypic acute leukemia and its clonal evolution.

Biphenotypic acute leukemia co-expressing T-lymphoid and myeloid markers is rare, accounting for less than 1% of acute leukemias.

Recurrence of monosomies 7p and/or 12p in T/myeloid biphenotypic acute leukemia has been reported.

We treated a patient with T/myeloid biphenotypic acute leukemia showing clonal chromosomal and genetic abnormalities including dic(7;12)(p11;p11) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication.

Cytogenetic analysis of both bone marrow and lymph node cells disclosed that the patient's lymph node leukemia cells had chromosomal abnormalities in addition to dic(7;12).

Our findings suggest that the leukemia cells of systemic lymphadenopathy had evolved as secondary cells from marrow leukemia cells.

The patient was successfully treated with induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

[MeSH-major] Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / genetics. Gene Duplication. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / diagnosis. Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / enzymology. fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / metabolism

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[Cites] Am J Surg Pathol. 1997 Sep;21(9):1037-46 [9298880.001]

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(PMID = 19308660.001).

[ISSN] 1865-3774

[Journal-full-title] International journal of hematology

[ISO-abbreviation] Int. J. Hematol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; EC 2.7.10.1 / fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Therapeutic results in patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia at Sapporo Medical University Hospital].

We reviewed the results of 6 patients with biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) which the diagnostic standard of the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemia (EGIL) at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 2006 and 2008.

Among them, 4 were B lymphoid and myeloid, 2 were T lymphoid and myeloid, and one was T/B lymphoid.

Two of 4 patients did not attain complete remission, and two relapsed after first treatment with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) protocol.

On the other hand, two showed complete remission after the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocol.

One of 4 patients survived who had been treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a post-remission therapy.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / drug therapy

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(PMID = 20948276.001).

[ISSN] 0385-0684

[Journal-full-title] Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy

[ISO-abbreviation] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] V(D)J targeting mistakes occur at low frequency in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Translocations of proto-oncogenes to the B-cell or T-cell antigen receptor loci in acute T- or B-cell leukemia and lymphoma have been, in most cases, accredited to V(D)J or switch recombination depending on the location of the breakpoint at the receptor locus.

[MeSH-major] Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics. Proto-Oncogenes / genetics. Recombination, Genetic. Translocation, Genetic. VDJ Recombinases / metabolism

[MeSH-minor] Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing. Animals. Cells, Cultured. DNA Breaks. DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics. Fibroblasts. Genes, T-Cell Receptor. Homeodomain Proteins / genetics. LIM Domain Proteins. Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / genetics. Metalloproteins / genetics. Mice. Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / genetics. TCF Transcription Factors / genetics. Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein

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(PMID = 19455608.001).

[ISSN] 1098-2264

[Journal-full-title] Genes, chromosomes & cancer

[ISO-abbreviation] Genes Chromosomes Cancer

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; 0 / DNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Homeodomain Proteins; 0 / LIM Domain Proteins; 0 / Lmo2 protein, mouse; 0 / Metalloproteins; 0 / Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; 0 / TCF Transcription Factors; 0 / Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; 0 / Tlx1 protein, mouse; 0 / Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; EC 2.7.10.2 / Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); EC 2.7.7.- / VDJ Recombinases

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Biphenotypic acute leukemia treated with acute myeloid leukemia regimens: a case series.

This study retrospectively analyzed 8 cases of biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) in respect of morphology, immune phenotype, karyotype, and clinical manifestations.

Six patients had myeloid plus T lymphoid, and 2 cases had myeloid plus B-lymphoid immune phenotypic markers.

Because selection of an antileukemic chemotherapy regimen for acute leukemia is largely based on whether a case is classified as myeloid or lymphoid, the presence of markers for both lineages may have important implications for treatment.

All of our patients were treated with regimens designed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / drug therapy

[MeSH-minor] Adult. Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / therapeutic use. Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use. Biomarkers. Case-Control Studies. Cytarabine / therapeutic use. Female. Humans. Idarubicin / therapeutic use. Immunophenotyping. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / physiopathology. Male. Middle Aged. Mitoxantrone / therapeutic use. Retrospective Studies

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(PMID = 19331261.001).

[ISSN] 1943-4693

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Medical Association

[ISO-abbreviation] J Natl Med Assoc

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents; 0 / Biomarkers; 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine; BZ114NVM5P / Mitoxantrone; ZRP63D75JW / Idarubicin

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Translocation (X;12)(p11;p13) as a sole abnormality in biphenotypic acute leukemia.

A reciprocal t(X;12)(p11;p13) was found as the sole clonal abnormality in biphenotypic leukemia with myeloid and B-lymphoid differentiation.

To our knowledge, this cytogenetic aberration has not been reported previously as a sole abnormality in hematological malignancies.

Its presence may suggest an important role in the pathogenesis of biphenotypic leukemia.

[MeSH-major] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12. Chromosomes, Human, X. Leukemia / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Chromosome Banding. Chromosome Painting. Female. Humans. Karyotyping. Lymphocytes / metabolism. Lymphocytes / pathology. Middle Aged. Myeloid Cells / metabolism. Myeloid Cells / pathology

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(PMID = 17321333.001).

[ISSN] 0165-4608

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] CD79a expression in acute myeloid leukemia t(8;21) and the importance of cytogenetics in the diagnosis of leukemias with immunophenotypic ambiguity.

Acute leukemias that express antigens associated with more than one lineage have been classified as acute lymphocytic leukemia with myeloid markers, acute myeloid leukemia with lymphoid markers, or biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL).

CD79a functions in and has a high degree of specificity for B-cell differentiation.

It has only recently begun to be reported in biphenotypic acute leukemias.

Cases of acute leukemia submitted to the flow cytometry laboratory were retrospectively reviewed beginning from the time analysis for cytoplasmic CD79a was added to leukemia and lymphoma panels.

The immunophenotyping met proposed scoring criteria for a diagnosis of BAL.

Nevertheless, the cytogenetic and FISH findings indicate that CD79a, despite its specificity for B-cell differentiation, represented the aberrant presence of a B-cell antigen in leukemias of distinct myeloid linage.

It is doubtful that, in this setting, CD79a expression should be considered a manifestation of lineage ambiguity.

[MeSH-major] Antigens, CD79 / genetics. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21. Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8. Leukemia, Myeloid / genetics. Translocation, Genetic

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Adult. Antigens, CD / genetics. Antigens, CD / immunology. B-Lymphocytes / immunology. Blast Crisis. Bone Marrow Cells / pathology. Cytarabine / therapeutic use. Flow Cytometry. Humans. Immunophenotyping. In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence. Male. T-Lymphocytes / immunology

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[CommentIn] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2007 Apr 1;174(1):76-7 [17350472.001]

(PMID = 16271957.001).

[ISSN] 0165-4608

[Journal-full-title] Cancer genetics and cytogenetics

[ISO-abbreviation] Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, CD79; 04079A1RDZ / Cytarabine

   

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Cytomorphology of acute mixed leukemia].

Biphenotypic acute leukemias (AL) with blasts expressing both myeloid and lymphoid antigens are grouped with undifferentiated AL and bilineal AL in the group of AL of ambiguous lineage.

Not all AL with myeloid and lymphoid antigens (ALMy+Ly) are true biphenotypic AL.

According to EGIL scoring system, true biphenotypic ALMy+Ly are those with a sum of antigens 2 or more points for both myeloid and lymphoid lineage or for B and T lineage.

The aim of this study was to compare cytomorphology and immunophenotype of AL to better understand the relation of certain AL morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and molecular biology of biphenotypic AL.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included a group of 169 AL patients treated from 1985 till 1991, and a group of 102 AL patients treated from 1993 till 1996 at Zagreb University Hospital Center.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the group of 169 adult AL patients, 116 were cytomorphologically classified as acute myeloblastic leukemias (AML), 35 as acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) and 18 as acute undifferentiated leukemias (ANLM).

In 6 (3.4%) of 169 AL patients, blasts expressed both myeloid and lymphoid antigens.

In 64 patients cytomorphologically classified into AML subgroup out of 102 AL patients, there were 15 (14.7%/102; 23.4%/64) AML with lymphoid antigens (AMLLy+).

In 35 patients cytomorphologically diagnosed as ALL and 3 as ANLM out of 102 AL, there were 4 (3.9%/102; 10.5%/38) ALL with myeloid antigens (ALLMy+).

The incidence of mixed AL in 102 AL was more consistent with other studies, pointing to the necessity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD7 and TdT determination as part of standard immunophenotyping for better recognition of mixed AL.

In one ANLM,My+ out of 169 AL and also one ANLM,My+ out of 102 AL, blasts were cytomorphologically undifferentiated; in 3 ALLMy+ of 102 AL blasts expressed lymphoid morphology.

According to EGIL scoring system, among 15 AMLLy+ of 102 AL there were 4 true biphenotypic ALMy+Ly (1 M1, 2 M3, 1 M4), and in 4 ALMy+Ly with undifferentiated and lymphoid morphology there were 2 true biphenotypic AL (1 L2; 1 ANLM).

In 3 ALLB+T out of 35 ALL, one was interlineal biphenotypic AL.

These observations are consistent with other studies and WHO determinations indicating that the majority of true biphenotypic leukemias are associated with immature monoblastic or myeloid cytomorphology or with lymphoid or undifferentiated characteristics, but may also express any AML cytomorphology type.

Thus, there is no direct correlation of leukemic cell cytomorphology and biphenotypic AL immunophenotype.

[MeSH-major] Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute / pathology

[MeSH-minor] Acute Disease. Humans. Immunophenotyping. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / classification. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / immunology. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / classification. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / immunology. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology

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(PMID = 19205415.001).

[ISSN] 1330-0164

[Journal-full-title] Acta medica Croatica : c̆asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Med Croatica

[Language] hrv

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Croatia